What is an ‘Automobile’?

 The automobile is a self-propelled vehicle that

travels on land. It usually has four wheels.
 Automobile is a type of motor vehicle. This
name is given to any self-propelled vehicle that
does not run on rails.
 Two other types of motor vehicles are the truck
and the bus.
 Motor vehicles are also called automotive
vehicle.
Basic Construction
 What are the basic parts of an
automobile?
 About 15,000 separate parts are put
together to make an automobile.
 There are variety of shapes and sizes of
automobiles. But all of them have some
basic parts and systems that are
controlled by ECM.
 Electronic Control Modules.
Basic Construction
 Engine,  Braking System
 Power Train,  Electrical System,
 Suspension System,  Control System,
 Steering System,  Body, etc.

Basic systems of an automobile

 Basic Construction

 Most of the parts are at the front of the vehicle,

Such as,
o Compressor,
o Alternator,
o Power steering pump,
o Starting motor,
o Supercharger/Turbocharger, etc.
 Basic Construction

 Some supporting engine systems are;

o Fuel system, o Lubricating system,
o Ignition system, o Cooling system,
etc.
 Regulations for Automobiles
What are the areas of laws that affect the
construction, operation, and service of automobiles?

 There three basic areas:

 Automotive air pollution,

 Automotive safety, and
 Automotive fuel economy.
Let us discuss about these sectors
Regulations for Automobiles
Automotive Air Pollution
 In 1963 Clean Air Act was passed, and the
Environment Protection Agency (EPA), USA, set
the emission standard, and the emission control
devices came into play.
 In Bangladesh last updated in 2012 (as per data
available on the internet).
Standards In Bangladesh
Standards
Vehicles in Bangladesh
% increase in vehicle
Tested Petrol/CNG Vehicles
Tested Diesel Vehicles
% CO and HC
Regulations for Automobiles
Automotive Safety
 In 1966 National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act
was passed.
 These safety items fall into three classes;
 Crash avoidance,
 Occupant protection, and
 Post crash protection.
Regulations for Automobiles
Automotive Safety
 Bangladesh has the Motor Vehicle Ordinance Act of
1983.
 New rules are going to be effective from November 01,
2023. Includes;
 Vehicle registration
 Vehicle condition (Fitness)
 Drivers license
Penalties under Motor Vehicle Ordinance
Penalties under Motor Vehicle Ordinance
Regulations for Automobiles
Automotive Fuel Economy
 Energy Policy and Conservation Act was passed in 1975 and
Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFÉ) was the standard.
In 1980 the CAFÉ standard was 20 mpg, in 1990 it was 27.5
mpg.
 In 1978 Energy Tax Law was passed which places a Gas
Guzzler Tax on cars for not meeting the minimum
standard.
 Automotive industry development strategy 2021 has
been taken for Bangladesh.
Fundamentals of Engine Operation
 What type of fuel is used in automobile?
 These are mainly hydrocarbons.
 Classify automotive engines.
 Engines can be classified in different ways; based on
• Fuel used • Ignition system
• Cooling system • Cycle of working
• Number of cylinders • Motion
• Cylinder arrangement • Position of cam shaft
• Valve arrangement
Engine Construction
What are the basic elements of an automotive engine?

 The basic elements of an engine are;

o Cylinder block,
o Piston and piston rings,
o Valves and valve trains,
o Connecting rod,
o Crank shaft…………………………….
 Rotary Engine

What is a rotary engine?

 An engine where the rotors spin to produce power is called a

rotary engine.
 There are two types of this engine.
o Gas-turbine
o Wankel engine.
 Imported Liquid Fuel
Consumption in
Bangladesh

Wankel Engine
Wankel Engine
Wankel Engine Operation:

We Do not inherit the world from our parents,

We borrow it from
our children.