mo nkdmknIek3ne0 2omco. !!

3hoh
m3amn hapab" 3%rayhnyds.
2. mmasHY.
3.
dunpol g andors-ns gmhydn 3gmmJsh
mmvsh%
4. bgha3n a
ne gmoyhn m n.
5. ynmns3 dLdoko.
6.
molbns. hezo I,6mn Vil coy emhn.
 nyo3cmn sMdsgn" 8i5g8JMgds, 8gmo bGogamaob boggpogmnon
oobggo ogo mimSyds oym 3Ommmoj'YMo bs8ysmmbamgob, gs6bs3mnmgboo
gbdobgonnlu 3g30 3ond l-bongob, imêgmog n6acobob8sb8by 8a6o bgo
Jomaob obasb eog nôgggdb oJogönmgdgo. 8oghod 8nb ndgggöb sbmnmg

6og 3mom3gdb gbdsbgombo godob gmpmbogdb. omobodyg33 xgh JogO3

1585 6mb nagobo Romo 3»8bogbs borgIMmobegddo, hondgmog oðmdogo
gbds6gonob 8mbomjolb gomad ll-ob Bobsomagj8. odogommgmom obacmolugcmo
bgygdo, »jmobodgcoob 3domogaob" om gdsbg6g6, ambgo6gosb o
odego3gbg6 gb3s6gonolu 6odnmgob go anb jmmmbogdb, damo3e3g6o6 mdo
30 bmno go8gomoryg gbds6gonol bma»cpggob. obamobgmo dohoBgðn
(83momggdo) og3bg6 omgogo go dogjobbo, mmdmgdoG ImobooJgob og-
8omsmgdsg odabg6. gbas6gnob 3g33 3o0s6y3o8a 69mgomo gogbgo ob-
amolugnons s3 domis8alboangol go ognmm6 o6ym adgoymo 8boggd» o6-
8mobdo db»dhgmog.
by amjg b»6do gbàs6gonds ongo amyyons gbonasdom gmmgb,
mgmo dgapomys 134 bmdomgobags6, 8 sonsbdy 880 0gdg3»ymo
bogo6 go 21 sonsbdg 8ggo zomobjogobsgo6. 8sb y6ms 3pgmongome6g6
ob zomob3oGIdog (ssb. 17 sonsbo jogo), hmomgdoG 6oggmmsbggddo
o8ymgomg6g6. gb3o6gmans sð bomasbomi gmnga>, GmdymbocG do-
gogymo»Tdo3omo smdoms" ybmegb, asbgmob So6 ob Qobojmolbo
a6ogomo, m vo0sg a»mgong3oms gbds6gonolb ocgdon»mo, bmogn
6ogogmo ggombobo go go Jgbo go dobo sg3omo moogogo pbodom bom-

232
 gomos, JoMumg8s 8opobo-bogm6ns8. 3amorpcgmdg6, 6md go mo
Jrgbals
O33sdo nbamobob bongjômm bsalsbgmol bOmo gmns.
dmdmmsb, hmôgmoG 80n83mos 1588 Gmob oggmolb-oa3obgmdn (mmo
330 ahdomggdmgs), o6amobgmgön ògamog ogmn dm8boggo-gmgdo
3gbag6g6. 8»monomns, 8snn Vmo dogagòmga bodogn bmdommgdab
po6ndabocgm domngobags6, szhgn3o bag»dhn g» 803ndhogðob bmðom-
9gdobogs6, 3»gms8 886omo obg6o og36g6 L6hoqgdogomo bdognogoo,
mdmgdnG gogo ds5o3momgdoon godmoihgmobo6. sdsbons6 dbonb asbzam
8mdodo oym 6500 dao@gbo, hmogmono bodhdmmm ogobgdgdo dy3mo
JJ0mbo og, 3ng ob3s6gonob daoô0bgdnbo.
bomgmg gogo oym obamobomo bombob 3oGhomOImo ogEJobgds.
89dgdo oy ocpobsðogob bnbs, óm@geooa xO Jo33 êals gs5-

bodomm od6gds omocgoon bomdo 3g ongnamm6 337do3gdo Bgab bgmbb"

gos obamobg 80beg-ogdbs mo goholbgoanðdg, hv@gàng onogeo

oymo odhdmobg6.
obamabal gmngb ob yàomsegbmdsg 3dmbgs, Mm 3sb bgmadc
3o6gmmogbg6 6ogogmo sg8omomgdo: dmgomgo go gmgojo, momoòo
o0momigmgb5 bodmdmgam &rd&ojoonog: ogb smongoe6y6 ao6g
om bobçgom dhdmgmob, 8so dmommgbomo naggsbbagdoon (mgmmo
3badogs6, oby bmdsmejðnb bogmdgdo) smJImnos dydjmbgon »Jd
o30m mdogob" moggddo, gogo oym gsbojamaoG
dm30mo omôogob" boo8opeodb, dgdng 1588 Gepob bsgbogdo
aodmgogbg6 gbdsbgonob dnmg mo-gnrg6noga6, ydomaorolboq ob 8odo6o
s8mdogdgsan, úma ob3cmobdn öpdhol Bo6 mo-8>68ol bragoom BogeQnso
8sono
go5303oôgg, 6ogomobggdab bs633ommôg0, bogoe 8rmbggðmgs
Og3boos od 8ymego abdsbgmo xomobjogòoo. 8bgh3 o6zcmolbob bomdom-
930do oMgoJol @gooymmöoa gbis6omdb sms ony dobegb mo-8o6öob
Lo6odonbg 3gbob mgogpdab bsögoegdo, osd)R doo bderodns
gogo 636ogmo godbsgayMgb, 8momßgboggdo 3o 3mO3ob Kgommg» bo-
3o30. sbgon 3nansmgdddn »omdogob" bymðde3s5orgdb bbg smg3Mo
sdob
Qgbmgso, oy smo ggodoon gbdobgmdo g»dmy6gdsbo. 306ngs6
8son
aobbomgomðs obg3 mo-8»68ob Lmogab 8»3mnon dopdmodomo oym,
30 Bmgnmmgoolbojo6 sngob. ömbmsbenobs gs nmmsbooob bo6adom
dnb ao3moon, agomgb ms dongm dmoGs6gonb, gos dggodo 8»3°g6g6,
233
 8sgmad dgmogmas dsmodbomds osjbadb» doono bmosgmmgoo, mdgmoagogo
536ogm ogyigolb sa aoghs, dbmmmg 43 bmdomgo godgbes gb-
3s6gmdo. 8shnsmos, gb3s6gnlb omgsdob dyôgoa doybyao8os dmdmgm
obamobos 5o6socm8goa, gmgoin go6ssbmgògo sa anidmmsb, 8sgms8
onomgoob 833m dmdmgmado go8bmgbgðymo 3»0mpomg. S30m30mas
6 bgmombrgmo gobgo gbdsbgonals bsbggom depogigdo, bodagogfm
Bo6 6o8mo6ns obagmnlbob mmmas, 8sb do30obo go
mjs6oosdg Jmb3yhgb
gob 303o6 3603mo, hoG sd daos6ol 33m6cnan3Jyo as6gnnsmgdalus go
gmoboojgob gsmmogobgòob mmgoJgmo doggan oym.
 ..XVI b»pJy6ob dmgpmbs go XVIl b»gsgbob
gobo6yoban sb3omgdby 3s8meob 8b>83ro
mo bo8y3ob obgooo mbggo, mmgmmog oym
Boao bngobegb go bssgogs (1547-1616)
mmob 3g8mj8ggods 8lbmgmom
8mob bogsbdymdns ögbymo. ogo gonðogs
8sgmogob 8sbgmmomo Jomod omjorodo,
gondo ogsmamb 8hog»cmögomos6 ogobdo,
3obgm gbmgmgdobgomo nogaogobogmgdolb
8o8 bonbomybm abo: x0 (1557-1561)
b5agmnogs 3omoogmmocgob ogbrpogms 3m-
goanddo, 3g8moa- 8smmogdo. 1569 6gmb ogn
on@do gody3o Jodob bogo6agdm opib, gmonn
8naoco bgmgs68ab eg bssgogás 6molb dgogg3 jn 8s6 bsôbobymo gonbym o8
omoodo 8ymeg gbsobgmons zodo, bocmog 5-6
5omo gody, Bmnsis oomdöab danjmo ogamas, B°0g6m 8ob JORBIMsb,
dgobBogms oGImoJmo g6s. 1571 6ymb dmbs6ogmgmòms my3s6gmb dmdm
modo, mdomog 53modsfmons gbàobgobs gs mlbaocmgab dnmolb. sa dmd
gdo bogob8gbo googhs 8sngbgQo bomãn go bgndsrmo gonhs. n8»ma
ocgob mmð drybmgdmgs, ogo 8s30g Ronaggb omgomgm3s ®)3mdMOIdds.
és30mdogs6 ao8mbgoggob Bg®gaa og0 gmonbo6b 3gsbsbsggdab @mggog
gdomogs, 3dm033mo smôoconboongal" ogmngòms bysboanb. amass
ahagopo domodo go bonegocmo, bgegdrmgs aobgdb, 3»zágdb, 35y0abgab,
àgmgdb, ge6emdmgs gbds6goob saoms Jyobob ymgob, t67-faoocdgab,
sps-6gbgdb. bamjob ogmogo Jgommo, obgamodo mgmgo, 3omgdo jR0
òmo gs s8ngmo bo@gm Bsb30b gobgon. ömepomb, 1609 6mb 68n6gs
202
 bodmgdalb 8mhiomons dômdab 633mo 3abms go od3o a»MgOG3N. 03
8mbsbsomdogg domdolb bamgbo gosbogmo3gb. 8olbo boggmago goJoMBI
os. 3nmg8osb R3g6s8gg sh dmyoöogn», bmgmn olb, haG sbms dob dnn
oBgos dofboymo, obamobo dboBgomb Jobgb gogb»g»gb ,bs8md-
g3mm 6mg09ddo" boJJniMo gohgabmdob scgbgmob bogyd3ambg.
mnBgmoBoymo dmg3sbgmds bgmgobBgbds obym 3ogbgðob 5gmoa,
Mn@gcmons dommob goMom omnshgds dmndm3s dbmmmg do8momávmo by-
obg33ogdob 3gdsbboo". bgmgob@obo dohoonopog 8oobamabbiolugo
ogm, 8s6 bogUDd3omo m8s6ob yo6ib Bogysmo
8obo gbmdocmo mmdsbos ,3sbgogmambngmo ogmam gmb
jobm
8s66ocmo" s6y .gmb jobmgn", nmdgmbog omonghmmg dbmegemom go
gb3sbiyn J33R93 mds60" g5mggòg6. ogo mo 6o6omabogo6 öogag
ds: domaomo 636ngmo 1605 6gmb go8mf6go, bmcmm 1615 6gmb 8gmig
6o6iomo. gb 6o5amgàn 6omomsgag6b gbdo6goob obrngmgab 6oôggom
00Jmmdogosb.
mhbogo Bongbon gosbgmmgdnon 670 dmjogoo domoo, 8»gns8 don»go6o
88omob baboom go8mg3o6ogmos gm6 jobmgo s6y 3»momodgòygmo sd6srymo
pm6bm 3obs6o, mmôgmog nagolbn 8obgocpoom g» dydoon og»gb godgo-
gogdb gs 8oahoebymggocdb. ob gondgolb domob Bold3omodb, nbgb
3bbdab gb3mob gomsb, mmdjmot doogm 88olb smdase go s.d. dobn 3o6-
dhsbgsbo 3gmocmmdocgmoo, 8»gmoð dmmongog öo8hoocmggds bmmo
odomngob, imdggobog ob ogogb. bgmgoh8gbalb gôomo mg6gdomdb .mdionb
bogobdt. 6snbgygn ba6ob sgeag6sbg. dorgboe»g»cg ndalbs, icmd ob
6ombymb Asdshgs. 8bmgm gob jobrngb 30 6odogag6os, Moid ioob-
gmdsd nogobo mm 8mgods. 39mgon bsbodo y39magIn 8zmogob do-
molb gamnkincggomgo, g, so, 8sb bob oagob 3Jmogbo yógbndoon
8pu3ogmb sibgòomo 6gbgòo, zs8mgdom6ogmb dao3oðbo go. oogdb,
gobagmb 8hoa3mgemndo. bobsdg3omdo Jo ogomm6 bhogob y6gbmdsb,
ogsdnsbgob oyg6göb bono6bs go 8»bgzasb. ghono boBugon, 3domalu dot

0 oR ðo, oby hg»doromo, gmmdmgôymo Bobömagdsbo, mmdomoe

anbgmbob gmmabdo 3gmnbggdo.
gmb jobmgob ghnaUmo osboda bagmas bodoM3omov883omon39mo
8bn bs5ßrn 3o6bo, Momogmob 3omoon s0gSU3ImOdUmos ngnon bombob bo
dmdbg. o gmb jobmgo dbxomob asbyoboðycmog, 8>qogamgmgsbn
3msbdoo, bo5hm modoiojmdb jöh»mm, Gmgboo bombjin jbno.
203
bo6m do6bob boboon gbdsbyn 86gmmmdsdo dom3omsQ zsdmibgs b»mbob
bomo sbmmgogdo, mombgðgöo, Jbomm 33onogmdmoocmgds. Mmös6o onugogs6
òmpmn@co0 omob oogmmgo ogomobg gmb Jobmgobs ms dnb bosysoego
83omngom, bomom 8msdhmgbg amgb bs6Rm 3s6lob Bmmob. s88mmo mn
8o6olbs mdngdepmog 53h8cmshg6
8s8ob@gmo gb3sbgoob bodmgoomgosdo
do, a3o6n 8mbgmgoòn, agm6ams smobgmjmoBgdo, d»dos gomolj0gdo,
oy3 o ynymhs dodgon, 8j6omo doopbgJ3Ogdo, ôozmMOgdo,3ob-
do domgoo,
8mb@nomy abobamòjòo, »3ob»3gdo, jô»j6obn bBagg58gdo,
3omgomgdo go bbg. gb 8653m go ob8sdn bod>mnmgs XVI bopsy6ob
gbdsbgonalbs. ugmgsb8gbolb 3ga»bolbgymo ogjomgdo gvvd6gd3 b»gpbolb
Gbmgmgdsb.
 3. Jommob 8oe bgndm6 1-ob geBgdo g3fimdsdn
1
bgndm6 Boo om3omobo6g%gs boghonsänhnbm dmnojah
30om3mgdolb go oðbbog. 3ob Mmgmho ymnogmnmos Jjmbos mbdbmgonon»6
8gbsdsanbop,. gob8omgdob 8nggds bsoga6 v drmbogpmgbggmo oyo,
oxmdgbsm Koongms gibogmomo 33mm3obomgob 8og8bmon. 8»6 1587
6ocpb Miomdolb 3»dono6 go gbdsbgonob 8paobono6 eolb3s6gdo a»3bog6s. bgn-
8m6ob gmo-0mono gogoòymo ogrgbomndb 8»3moon im@ob dodons6 gbos
63bpenogm, bmgpm gbdsbgonob Boeobons5 3»gomo smodbsbom jm6bao6
So6mdmmob gdoom, om@gmbag »odabo 3333n Jomrypo odmjajao" 8o
3dombg olbds6gonob 8yegolbsongob anboMon@g3»cg domogomôs goggoomas
opmgbogsago 30 doocgno. ob oba>mg38» ügodymgb 3sdobomgalb go6yo
36omo 6omgdons g» bofpdmgdnom. 8gmmg mho omodbsbpmg moddo
Bngogs. gao6 8sb, b»gomongmmdo godybgòs 3Jmbcps 3o6bmsbygmo,

aabgm bgo8mbob Bo6ogoggogon. Jodm, domogmob Bys 8bog ngm do-

dobs gs ab3s6gomolb Boe3ob gobsmo aodbgomny go ymaocmongolb omsbob
omnaomo 8ngogdong od6gomgs. bgndm6 @ggob sbmon, jb3o6ganb jag@omo
gbgo goayomgdabo bs8030 domanym bo@ggmbons6.
dbagpos odob gogag6s bgo8m6 I odmgomobs go jobgonols ag30Jdons6
dgoobbadna 3dmgomgs sbgono obogob@ogoon, or0 dofmongom ®oe80ons dm
ob onogobo Jnh3ocomdals ggdm6bghoigdo oym. bgoôm6 ag3gb mm
doóg
Omodalb 3gBgódos ôoMomg Jjonbgo, Jomaog godmhoms 1588 6mb 8Bo
Bog odgmganau bsdpgmb godymdob 53ga8ògg ®0Rgmdod.
bgoBon6 agaob Byiomdo Bsdmgomodgàymds Ba6sgoegègdas zodggo
8s6o) panb»gcgondn donj»gðomals Bgdo6als 3gbodeggàmdoo gsonbd0gbs.
bdomgoob o83ghas bngoomb pdð6ogsdnibJaocmoggos (drmh8o3opos s
ghils gbàs6goob boaggmb 3g@ogag6mmdodn 3gomgs) gobsbergdgab og-
denlbogggo sgmozobo go Jnmoybbg. amsgôs gg mmogomgbas 1588 6mob
Sooocgb oogolb ôg3ob, gomndgll- 8nl6gs: ,0g dambos gogom58yb
odo, odgndengðs Boeo gogmb J»gdoho dholbgaobio (doMo3O
3-3) B09oðono6, Mons obo6n gogmnosbgbg6 cnymdoob 6o6sogmdg03 od
dbmoo6; m sdogo6 a08mpob auga39 3ogönmo bdombganono6og, Mmdgmbs
bogdomms 3o0gbogbmb goo od ggb3o6os6 ghonsg s6 dnbn 5olbgmolu dg@moa

305
o3ysmggb 3ogdomo bgo8cmbons6, smodbobcomgbons6 gs dsdnsh-gjons6
onghdodolb 5obssmdg03 go sb030, Mmo mdagbôs IgoggoJgbmdsð go3
bagbmb JG0 sö»33 dobboon nugob pobögomond6, 3mgmonbgonols ôgggbons6
go 8mbgmgolb @gggbos6, Msns obobo 3opommgbg6 8s go 3oja6%6 gogo
docms opdoools Bo6oogdgo3i sbga0 gongbagormb Oalbom6ggào, mngmme
bgodmbn ombmgb, mons 8om bombls sb5sgmom6 dmobgnsbymn b'ymob33390
onon.
8mogds gI mmngomgbas m»goba Ormbsbmgos ogdmbogmgndn dmj
Bomob 3gdg6ob 3gbodmocmmdsdg a»og6m 3ompo6ogm
bs6z8 bg3gmobsb
gobo6o o8 gsbgg6odgo a8ogombo6, iora jomgn od6gmgs ugndemQ a03ab
ono6 mno ggb3sbo 3908bogbsom 0monn Jmöbgobgo6cmdmmdo ao3moon,
8gmmg dmgmmbgonolbs go 8mbgmgob a3»3moo, mdpgmog odory Bgsaoo-
bg mgmsdsmagodmgs. mepogomgb8b ogngbgnnb gmnb dsdo 3smoneno0
go60y6, md bolbomagdpn od6gàmgs bgodm5 8pgoboongab8bsg»doms
snb8goe08, 8s6 onogalbo dembobmgàs6n 5ghogpmdon Rsdmayagmnds go ons
30mb gobobsmgdmog 6 8obomo6 godepmasjoy%o yionoghomdob gobo
 4. nmnymn

4. moyhn
gsbaymo sdbmaogodanb boaamgm 3mmngoza XVI b»psybjðn. ogs
mada. bogmsbagonob 8n6goolb 6om8jdoom 3ogmornsbgos8, sa
d3oy6ob 8os0gdb sbomo do5gðnlb bomdo k>gggdalb byn3omo a»gho6s.
dson 830gon ddggDm
bogMobaJanolb agomsbQgmgdng. mdomonse
6yommgsom bsbomo, VImo gs Qo3ms. sbg Kogö6g6 obobn ogomogm mood-
do, mmdgmoG Bodgobomgmdgs 1494-1559 5mdðo. 8son drmgbcgoa
gbda-
6gomobo gs 3odbdyhgons oddyhoolb deyoob gomg3o30, oydga sa bog-
bBoposodea3b gm3ocmngob nmgo obgmbgogbg6. nggsdnmgomog mädo
3mg VIll, mm@ggmog 1494 6gmb gngo gomoon go, moG 3o6ba-
JIgon 3s6bog3oghodocmo oyn oð gimalbsongob, ongmoðbg Bgga@omo

5gsdmob bsöggn. ogooal gobomig6o 6giogmn bgm@5nga0gàngs6 àggso

dogbomds gnsbaJdob 8sdmhg6ob oå odymnon, hom3 doonn gsbämgdncn dmob-
mbgoobg6 8m6o6og@go80gdalb ondgngo6 8momngosb. 3bamo3 aolb 3j@gg08
G_Bhobagdds bogpo dody3ab dorOR-ar0Rsb, 8sm sndbogmgb dngg
dmbobmomdo. 3hsbajðob 5o6sogôgoa od85gðo 3omog, môgeodng do
****
gombo6 3odo smadbobgmo V, 3050cn>, Bomobalb dghgma, doo gogb8sms
od3ymogmmo 8sjbodogmosbg I go gbdsbgonols.8gso BIMgo6s6po, hmamo-
Xll-ob moðjmnds ogomosdo. aG 8oobgdo gms6bgo dom3omb, Momdomdog
83m3 3o6oobpo modjhndo ngoemosðo, bggsdomaomo 86 588gðsb
dnogbns, 1515 6ymb, 8smobosbmbansó dhdommodo, gosðoMgbo gdro3Imo
300gomoggoo, mndmgdog 8ocmsbol Jgmomgob bsabsbymdn ndymg30
orngbg6, googogo Bngmobn go B3oogomogodos6 msbe bnJofn bgo
Mdnob nobsbôbgmoG 8s6 vvggds doogm 700 sosbb mdmmg ym3Imö-

brgob 8o@JOd» mybgs nd3gmoSmm JomV-ona6, mmôgcpog mo6gdmdgs

oJoob»gs6 -

8omno3 &ymabgngpab»gob 8g®33oghgmòoon doodocmo

môo
oaobgoob godnybosdg. gmobbys domgomb manbgcom 3dbos
1542-1544 6.6.). o8 3g-
3omm V-ono6 (1521-1525, 1527-1529, 1536-1538,
3sdo, oba-
3Oogddo Bmbo6ocmgmdob oggogbo5 bbg» bsbomðbogmgòng-
253
 obob 8y30 306g0os g» d3gogomoo. no3modom3Icmom olbobo Jomm V-olb

3obgg36 ngo oS»mongo6, o83gmogmnob Bggobôo6o 3odmogmgoab

dodoon, 8son 88mob dbomgby aomsbgmo sögmdobgb. sð
ds3 6somgmy, mð
rmdgbob abgcIon
8mbobsomdgjaggdo naznsbon dhdmgmodo smagomo
dshgòmgs od3ghagmmob Bobosmdeja g» bomb yöymdgo Mogmnd>(goob
5om8gdsb 30m8sboodo. 3omgamo mdab ommb gmobby» I goåmgbos do-
30sbon6 (1525 6.) go OU30 Ro033gs 88gmb. ogo dbmmmg d3b
dgdeja
838myo3lb, mmgs bymo 8msbgms JMV-ob 8og 5ogo6oðJm Jommdgðbg:
omob nd8> Bogms6dg go dymaybcgnolb godybgds. a»zms3 8u3amdogo6
domndgòob 8gbymgðsdg. ®gGne, o30 3g0ohngs oddyhgmmab BoQsomo-
908 dpddbom obom mogob, hmdjmdog gom@bg6 dsdo
3no@go VII, o6g-
obob do3I go og»oob dmgogmono bomð6ogo. 8s6 j»3domo ®ojms 8sdn6
Jhobgasbmdob g3Imsd bodod dBImndb, onghdoonalb bOmns6 bymgo8s6
o6ybono6, irdgenð»g1526 6omb 3mbshons6 as8smxagdab 3gôe03 bym
8gm bagonob yôo8gbo 6sbnmo g ogoom 3g6sb g»g8odio.
ghsbbgs
do3mas ynjo 8yaonomygðn gobs bodmmgðmom ®yjö3s magob 6agbog
a Sommbdo, 6jðsb ddng3ms 8>on bd 6»gbogaynogs6 gdomggson gb336-
omgo, dogs6 d3on 10 snsbdy 8gn jhobgosbo 8m6gðocg 6osbbgb. sbgon
30ommgdodo jomm V-3 o8 dod6non, mnd 3odo 3mnog68 VIll oogbogzs bogm-
sb30omb dbomgoy gogobgepoboomgob, nognlbn gomgdo 8oybos mmêb (1527
6.) oo dofibdnbmsg
3odomg3 og0. onymdoðons6 Jogdomds 30 vd3Io
bogmobaoomb, 40-os6o 6mgoob gsbs6yobäo jomm V»ob gomgdo bogmob-
300doG 3o dgoghbg6. 8bmgmm pmsbgo b»mbab gmnbyemongsbô> dmdomnsð
8omhobo bogms6agono, 8oon jom V-b gomo vJodeogb. sbg» dofmm-
1544Bomb: mmo3) dbomga yomo bndas go3ymmdon Bomngmogdy. dn-
dmms gms6lgo domg0mob Bgocmob s6mo ll-ob (1547-1559) gmmbog 3mdom-
omo, dogmo8 og0 03omgdsgo 6oma>EIdom Ondoobomgmdcos go 1559
5om dboMgodo gsbogg6g6 jogm-jsd%mgbdo, mmacmob dogpno bagmsb
30mds msodmybs 8ymo, doeo, 30ggbo gs dma3osbgdnom jog)
 wOmobsoggob mdhmb b»osgbnb" doogsmo
osd 3adb3nmo (1564-1616)
oym. 030 gondomo
bBmodemgdn 8u3alb 6s5om8nm Bmgogmob
m6 3odbdomobo go boo@Jmgomggo
agmab ggbalb Jomodgocmo 8gmob mgsbäo.
bSmogmmodng goobhymo 8s6 gcmsbojymo
bob6sgmoògmo, bmmon 16 6olb sbojöo, mmgs
8s8s8obo 83mSMos, 030 odymIoImo 8obgo
nbgobo 3mondnon gmhobs onago. 18 6mob sbojdn
8sb gmmoc jo dynnogb, im@gcgons6s0 3 dgo
1585
6mb 3odbdo68s doogmgo mzsbo Qo
omo-mm 8mbo8oomo gsbb aody3 gog9do-
mddn gs dmcgobjomds gsnbym ongogm »ammogböo", 3sbps 8obo 3gd»ng
g6olbsngab obym dogugàob bgms. obo aobgo gb ogo8fho gogo gm
8Shaob o33g3gdolb 636omo.
3gdbiofmolb sgAobggo 3gamj@eadnb 6sâygsbo yo6mo dngbos oy,
ob3mobrodo 8sb oegbog nagos6o vonggb dng8»g Book6o306. J0dm
og0 Bgmgo bmbg8db (1592-1600 6.6.), mmgdog abmggmom3ngboo
bagsbdymdos 3gbymo. zs6b»gyomgòoon ds6 bobomo 800ondao gmodoBIHa
osd0, 6gmcg mgmng momoJo Jm@gcoogdb (,öoegmdbon 3mdoond
jo6dmmpn dboamycmo domgdo" go bbg-), obgmhoym dogbgdb (dg6o
IV",g6mo V", ,hoßsmg ll, ,moßsm l"), momgddog ab 3sdmoolb goa-
G3omo denogmo, 8sgm3 Jobobogmo gs bo8bmonmoobo bs@ggm bomoby-
Bdobs, ob 3ommbmgoyomodgðl: ,Joômogo", »GIm, ,dj30
momo os bbg.
pdbdomo, mgs 6gsb Xll-XV b.b. s8bsbgg obgmmoom 3ogugob, dobo
boro0oeodo aomdn»dab obgmmoygmo dhmbojgdngo6, ano6og oo dhmbo3odolb

238
&gbomgob babogðb og0 gomgsja6ob, gbodmgmaorgog gocgmgob go
b8nmog olb@mmopepo boôamnmob bsdnsbmg 8om smm8oggdb g» 63mdmo
Bg6b bogmnm-bagogmdmom
o63miyoog6 onagos6m domsb.
oyobodbo39 moidn", ,8ogonBdo", 8Ommðo", 3s3mo8ao. oa dog
bgddo 8oddolbormo ghôoe a0nsbigab albgon Bomogyg ongasb, Gmamingso
dommgogdob dhnomgds go dobo onogabyganoòob 8gbodmgdgmdobo, sg-
8osbymo bojgonobo go dommapdob 3hmdmg8s gs d.3. nyncgbo-omymogbob"
3olmabgo 8mbmmmgdo 3joqgom Bs6 30dbsomobggmo gogs30ds
oasd. 53mamomag6b ony sms sgodnsbo ,dg6jdob aaoma3n6b", ,boðyomm
833g6gdsb"
odsgdob b»gpdaocmb asb ob sdezogb, 6md ogodnobgòalb mono 6s6ocpo
(hg oy obg gog) 3oodymas ougon 8s6gogmgògolb, ingmogos o6gomgr
ds, domegoMmds, gogms8o go 30h»gmds, momdmgobog ®85nmog 33o
Bmdocmo spsdos6goo g6omgòos6. doghsa, 8orgbooog3o sd h3°JImO
gobobymobo, 3pjbdomo g3dmondgoob i5ag6sb, mond bsdmpome bo3003
aandoxaob. 3obgmo adnmgdn ogmdobgdals gðrndalb ogsfnsbgdo smos6,
mmobse 803o0 6gànbymgs gs bolbasonn goof6os0. sg8mfo sgodns6-
ob gobgob oms 63dmdbgmmdalb asdm, ogo ghas Lod3sonoon 33oegds
33mmyemos 6hngs6 33mbrym ogoônsbgðb, mdpgdog onsgosbon dmgo-
mdsb 3Joombobobogmon ydc3gdno6. oôngmdsgoo, ómð dobo 3ogbgdo

Ilo bbg. 3g3ngs abonegmom ongo8MTIÓ HIdgMBTomdo.

33dbdomob gmsOgngdb domongogðo x 30903 XIX bop30bIdo
30e66 o3 onsmgdsbgdnon, Mmdmgòno ögobymob o. doadosdg3 g» o.
3ssdgepds. 8vno onomgd6ocpn dngbgòn oga@gdmgs domorp bog6sdy. Bo-
dbdomob &mo3Igondob gðogmm djalmomIdmgdo oyg36g6 m. 8gbbodgocmo,
3. Hbgodg, 3. sbgogomndg, s. bmmogo, s. 3obodg. m. Bboj3odg. . ôgggo-

5grboGgbo.
 ns30x
6 0630L0 800RM6030L 83S6030Mz0L b865I0

ggoob moo obamobdo, MmdjcmoG Ggso 6omn g»3mdomcgo, òmbgmm

ab 8mdmgmnon (1485 6. 22 »g3obgm) gobymcgo. ocnhJpoolb y3o6sbzbjcmo
68m8sga05mo oßsmm l, m®jmng dmdmmob 30d g»oGo, 3ge3o
m go8smx3gdymds 3ybmn Sogmmdo, n80 obacpobob agg 3g6mo Vil-ab
(1485-1509) bobgmon gsbms obmdogmo; 8s5 boggd3omo hogyoms &oygm
hgoab bo@gegm go6sbgnslb, ndgmôsg 1603 6moqg nobjds.
3gbho VIl, Zobgby mð ogogs, mggds-
oo
6mobs ogm. smômibcpo, hoô ob ygnm

Bos6n by g3oMmb6ym modjhmogobs go

bnggsmgbo g5dmogs; Jooobymmogs
mo3g6ggob omByábo. bobsbmgðn Jðsgoyo
òmgs bBoaI Dobmgmgdb, mdgdbog3
6nd6ogg nogab 8eng6gd», anhg3gdsg
8gobgmmogòs. og gomaImmogs
Gng6ob dodg3ab bogagb, vs39Mgs 5og5gðn
bom3bgds.
Jg6n VIll @rogmmo 3g6mo VIl nagobn boSu3alb dmcmmdgg
ghn8omo »gômhogo; 86 J68Idgmob n
8gom gdnbgmdmbb, xo6 dnmgbb, Jofmnds Bolbgo, nomd godmmbobggòm-
Onbodog oroh3obg. ogJsMg V-ob docmodgocmbg, HoG ao®o30dobons-
6a3 8gsbgemo. sda3omoo, 36ho VIll mmo go6sbgaolb (Soygmmgdab go
ngono 3hggdo gsðmbobs.
36mo oogobo Eo6sdmoggob ogJomg IV-ob
JncmoSOJob »ahdorgd-
Q, 0mndommgbgmocg damnoggs daoys6sb. g»J8mdmogom sð gmmogsb
Bagyom bagydaomo o6agmobob söbmm8obob, MmdgmngG omobgoMo
g ogoo 3omggdob m8nb JMmgydGos. 8s6 3omgns@gbS0 bym ohRIM
Bmobgos, bmyb»ggs nagobo bJgmabpgmodolb as688SJGIDs dI. gobojJ-
Mo sbog8JMgomo s30mo odooo, go6g 8ob 8n33mn 3gmmdsb s6 sdombg
208
 dsb33oeggdmgs, s 3jönbeom dm@bmoadb obomogs, oy 3ab Bndsmon
mobag 8nbg 3gomoomgoebg6 mngymoðsb. 8s6 b3Jg0acmyho jsbmbog3
38o8mbgo, hmdgcmoG JMdom»ggo Jgmdm Jomgönb 8ogh ögosmoggoym
sbajonb yomob, n8»3pmmymog dmj@ogoopo Smooybocmo, Mmdgpog
bobdoog Rog6ogs go bgogs jo6rm6nb goamg3030n. boo680ngbmo, icn8
8mody6smolb bbom@gðo nðshongmgd gomdsdän, imôgoe 8mbs8ngo
oym 3mb33D3IdOm, mab godmG 8modybom8s gomlj3mgosbo 3omogob
bobgmbmggdo ônogm. gb 3omsgs söbmgEodôob 8dn»gm osmomop a
g3ndo, mdmolb 8gd3gmdnon 3g6mo VIl-3 g6ho 9gmgoggðo goomay6s.
8s639 88mnocgm oöyðons dbomo, hndmdog bbggòono6 ghong dgagmgon
Om6o6omgmòo6g6. oy gb 3s6sbg6gcm6o sgbsmgdob ommb Bgn8symdebo6
on@g boogy@cmmgosb, QoOymbgdmo3 bomobgnmaosb og6mdgdobg6.
8ndmonagg6g6 ,gs068b3gons" dmbgòob jmbegobzo(zosb.
3g6ho onogobo bomnbggmgöob gobdB3ocjdsb J330 Qodomgbodgmo
88hgdob bobomob eobgmogng°Gonb abom8 (GQnmmogs, Mobngobog u30
m bodgomgdob oyo6gdms. sbg 8modod dg30 Mobsmg 1-b, Mmgs doocogs
88omonmgoo6s obgmolbab gobsogs6 8obo Bodmaggds gs 8ob dogh oba-
mobalb bgob Joyn3agns. bogomobbômo, óm8 dom3môs 3omms8g68
8s, mmgcpog 8mobgos 3g6ho VII-8, Bobbag0 dmds6jdom, ob
d8n Bonmm,
m@gmog mobsmob dnomb begòms J»dn»3 gobodoymdo, ydo3Jmgbog
odsbg Bogonoongòm», G8 ob oym godojyhog dsbobzo (ydosbo, Jngmo
sugono obgmmosgoob g»3m0Igdsäo 8g3ob gbasmgdmos zm6 8mmmbo,
hohamgob Qoydo6gògmo 88mo, Asâgony, 8nlbn sdmoon, 8bmcmmg sbgon ob-
gmoognsb 33gdenm 3>og3ma ob oymiogns, mdypog Rsngobs Jg6ma
VI-3. dmambb moygabgb
sbgonn bodengma: ngo go Jomgobsmob 8s6%o
oo go
doôg0a 30b8gmògmob g3objmdmbob ons6s8ggòmdno» gooRomem3ob.
bbgoons dmmob, Bmmmbob Jmby 6mgðalb 8obdogmby odhgodmms Omô>-
3m ogo dyôs6nlu8o go bsbomd6ogm dmg36) Sm8sb Bmmo, monôgmdsg
8albgs6 @nogm bg3omn obggmma»g0s moßamgab 3Jgmdal" 3gbsbgo, Mog
3goe0a 8mmos bogmgb»g g»msngobo onagab bonbgmmom dmombnjodo -,mo
Bom l1-ob obgmmnoðo". gb j3obob3bomo jn bogjdzmg oojgm dgôgjaðo
yomo3 3odb3omolb s8»3 bobgmbmpgòol 8h03I00sb.