Volume 9, Issue 2, February 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Young Adult Stroke Prediction using

Machine Learning
Dr. M. Sindhuja1 Vivek Kumar2
Computer Science and Engineering Computer Science and Engineering
Faculty at SRM Institute of Science and Technology Student at SRM Institute of Science and Technology
Chennai, India Chennai, India

Shivam Singh
Computer Science and Engineering
Student at SRM Institute of Science and Technology
Chennai, India

Abstract:- Air This study aims to tackle the increasing
prevalence of strokes in young adults by utilizing state-of-
the-art machine learning methods for predictive modeling.
Contrary to commonly held beliefs that strokes mostly
affect older individuals, there is a noticeable change in the
demographics, which requires the development of new
and creative approaches for detecting and intervening in
the early stages. Machine learning, a powerful technique
in the field of artificial intelligence, is on the verge of
transforming stroke prediction by integrating various
datasets that include medical records, lifestyle factors, and
genetic information. The resulting prediction model aims
to uncover intricate patterns and unique risk variables
related to young adults, offering a comprehensive insight
that goes beyond traditional risk assessments. The main
goal is to create an advanced prediction model that allows
for the early detection of persons with a high risk of
strokes. This would enable prompt and individualized
treatments to reduce the impact of strokes in this
unforeseen and vulnerable population. This research aims
to provide significant insights into preventative
healthcare, promoting a proactive approach to tackling
the specific issues presented by strokes in young adults.
I. INTRODUCTION
There has been an increasing worry in recent years
regarding the occurrence of strokes among young adults, a
group that is often believed to have a lower likelihood of
experiencing such cardiovascular events. In light of the
increasing incidence of strokes in this demographic, it is
imperative to develop novel strategies for predicting and
mitigating these events. Machine learning, a very effective
computer technology, has demonstrated significant potential
in accurately forecasting health outcomes. Machine learning
algorithms can utilize various data sources, such as medical
records, lifestyle factors, and genetic information, to examine
patterns and detect risk factors that may contribute to the
incidence of strokes in young adults. The objective of this
research is to investigate and create a predictive model using
machine learning techniques. The ultimate aim is to identify
individuals at risk early and accurately, allowing for timely
interventions and personalized preventive strategies for this
unforeseen and vulnerable group.
II. SIGNIFICANCE
The growing prevalence of strokes in young adults poses
a challenge to current health norms, highlighting the necessity
for novel predictive models to comprehend and tackle this
unforeseen demographic pattern.
 Timely Intervention:
Prompt identification is essential for efficient stroke
prevention and treatment. The predictive capabilities of
machine learning have the ability to detect persons at risk of
strokes in their early stages, enabling prompt interventions
and reducing the severity of the strokes.
 Comprehensive Risk Assessment:
Traditional risk assessments frequently fail to consider
the many factors that contribute to strokes in young adults.
The capability of machine learning to examine varied datasets
allows for a comprehensive and tailored evaluation of risk,
incorporating factors such as medical history, lifestyle
decisions, and genetic predispositions.
The objective of the created prediction model is to offer
healthcare practitioners valuable insights to customize
preventive efforts on an individual basis. medication
practitioners are able to conduct specific interventions, such as
lifestyle changes or medication therapies, depending on
individual risk profiles.
 Healthcare Resource Optimization:
Enhanced comprehension of stroke prediction using
machine learning can facilitate the more effective distribution
of healthcare resources. By identifying individuals with a
greater susceptibility, resources can be allocated towards
preemptive interventions, potentially mitigating the total
strain on healthcare systems.
 Promoting Proactive Healthcare:
The research enhances the field of preventive healthcare
by integrating cutting-edge technologies. The use of machine
learning into stroke prediction acts as a paradigm for utilizing
technological progress to improve early identification and
intervention approaches in several health fields.

IJISRT24FEB324 www.ijisrt.com 335

Volume 9, Issue 2, February 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
The project intends to promote a proactive healthcare
paradigm by treating strokes in young adults, which involves
moving the focus from reactive therapy to proactive risk
>management. This transition has the capacity to enhance the
overall health results and quality of life for young adults who
are vulnerable to strokes.
 Interdisciplinary Perspectives:
The research's interdisciplinary nature, which combines
medical knowledge with machine learning expertise,
promotes collaboration between healthcare practitioners and
data scientists. The collaborative approach is crucial in order
to develop comprehensive solutions that tackle the intricate
and diverse difficulties related to predicting strokes in young
adults users.
III. CHALLENGES
 Data Quality and Availability:
Acquiring datasets that are both accurate and extensive,
covering a wide range of parameters including medical
records, lifestyle decisions, and genetic information, might
pose difficulties. The prediction model's performance may be
compromised by data that is incomplete or erroneous.
 Interdisciplinary Collaboration:
Facilitating efficient communication and collaboration
between medical practitioners and data scientists presents a
difficulty in bridging the gap. Achieving alignment between
the prediction model and medical expertise, while still
meeting clinical criteria, necessitates a collaborative effort
from both domains.
The interpretability of machine learning models,
particularly deep learning algorithms, might be impeded by
their intrinsic complexity. It is essential to build trust and
facilitate effective implementation by comprehending and
elucidating the model's predictions to healthcare
professionals and patients.
 Ethical Considerations:
The utilization of delicate health data for predictive
modeling gives rise to ethical considerations pertaining to
patient confidentiality and informed permission. To address
these concerns, it is crucial to implement strong data
protection mechanisms and ensure adherence to ethical
norms.
 Dynamic Nature of Health Data :
The nature of health data is dynamic, meaning that
health-related elements such as lifestyle choices and medical
problems can change over time. Modifying the predictive
model to accommodate these changes and ensuring its
continued relevance over long periods present notable
difficulties.
IJISRT24FEB324 www.ijisrt.com
ISSN No:-2456-2165
IV. SCOPE
The application of machine learning for predicting
strokes in young adults has a wide-ranging impact and
encompasses multiple areas within the healthcare field. The
following are crucial elements that emphasize the extensive
range of this undertaking:
The main focus is to identify stroke risks in young
individuals at an early stage, allowing for prompt and specific
therapies. Through the utilization of machine learning
algorithms, healthcare providers can detect nuanced patterns
and risk factors that could be overlooked when employing
conventional methods.
 Personalized Healthcare:
Machine learning enables the creation of predictive
models that consider personalized factors, such as genetic
predispositions, lifestyle choices, and distinct medical
histories. This individualized technique improves the accuracy
of risk evaluations and enables customized preventive
measures.
 Data Integration and Analysis:
The scope encompasses the integration of various
datasets, such as electronic health records, genetic
information, and lifestyle data. Machine learning algorithms
can efficiently assess the abundant information available,
yielding a thorough comprehension of the complex elements
that contribute to strokes in young people.
 Research and Innovation:
The use of machine learning in the prognosis of strokes
promotes continuous research and advancement. The ongoing
improvement of algorithms and integration of new
technologies contribute to a constantly changing environment,
staying up to date with breakthroughs in healthcare and data
science.
 Interdisciplinary Collaboration:
The scope entails the collaboration among healthcare
experts, data scientists, and technology. This interdisciplinary
approach promotes the transfer of knowledge, guaranteeing
that machine learning models are in line with medical
expertise and ethical standards.
336
Volume 9, Issue 2, February 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
V. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN Take into account the incorporation of recurrent layers,
such as Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), to effectively
capture temporal dependencies.

 Input Format:
Encode the ECG signals as input features for the neural
network. This may entail generating spectrograms, employing
wavelet transforms, or utilizing raw time-domain data
directly.

 Training the Model:

Utilize the training dataset to train the deep neural
network. Tune model parameters through the optimization of
hyperparameters, such as the learning rate and regularization
terms.

Supervise the performance on the validation set in order

to avoid overfitting.

 Evaluation of the Model:

Assess the generalization performance of the trained
model by evaluating it on the test set. Employ criteria such as
accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and area under the
receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) to
evaluate binary classification.

 Explanation:
Improve the interpretability of the model by including
approaches such as layer-wise relevance propagation or
attention mechanisms to identify the specific components of
the ECG signals that have the greatest impact on the
classification outcome.

 Optimizing the Model:

Refine the structure and parameters of the model by
leveraging performance data and insights acquired during the
Fig 1 System Architecture and Design
evaluation process.
 Data Collection and Preprocessing:
 Verification using Clinical Expertise:
Acquire a meticulously selected collection of
Engage in collaboration with healthcare professionals to
electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, guaranteeing a diverse and
verify and analyze the model's predictions. This stage
accurate sample of young individuals. Perform signal
guarantees that the model conforms to clinical requirements
preprocessing on the ECG signals to eliminate noise, baseline
and boosts its usefulness in real-world situations.
drift, and artifacts. Normalize the data to guarantee uniform
input characteristics.
 Factors to Consider During Deployment:
Take into account the operational setting and possible
 Data Annotation:
constraints. Verify that the model is capable of making
Label the ECG signals with binary annotations
predictions in real-time and can adjust to changes in input
indicating the presence or absence of the specific condition of
data.
interest, such as a heart anomaly.
 Ethical Considerations:
 Data Partitioning:
Discuss the ethical implications associated with
Partition the dataset into training, validation, and test
maintaining patient confidentiality, obtaining informed
sets to expedite the processes of model training, tweaking, and
consent, and ensuring the appropriate handling of health-
evaluation.
related information.
 Architecture of the Model:
Create a deep neural network architecture specifically
tailored for the classification of ECG signals. Convolutional
Neural Networks (CNNs) are frequently successful in
collecting spatial patterns in time series data, such as
electrocardiogram (ECG) signals.

IJISRT24FEB324 www.ijisrt.com 337

Volume 9, Issue 2, February 2024
VI. OBJECTIVES
The goals of using machine learning for stroke
prediction in young adults include enhancing early detection,
intervention, and overall healthcare outcomes. The following
are the primary goals related with this undertaking:
 Improve Early Detection:
Create machine learning algorithms capable of
accurately detecting minor patterns and risk variables linked
to strokes in young people, allowing for earlier and more
precise identification compared to conventional approaches.
 Enhance Predictive Accuracy:
Enhance the accuracy of stroke predictions by utilizing
advanced computational methodologies to assess a wide range
of datasets, such as medical records, genetic information, and
lifestyle data.
 Develop Personalized Risk Assessments:
Generate prognostic algorithms that consider
personalized variables, including genetic predispositions,
lifestyle decisions, and distinctive medical histories, to deliver
customized risk assessments for young adults.
 Enable Timely Interventions:
Empower healthcare practitioners to proactively
intervene based on machine learning predictions, enabling
prompt and focused preventive efforts to decrease the
occurrence and severity of strokes in the young adult
demographic.
 Combine Diverse Data Sources:
Utilize and examine several datasets to acquire a holistic
comprehension of the intricate and ever-changing elements
that contribute to strokes in young people, encompassing
genetic, lifestyle, and medical data.
 Encourage Cross-Disciplinary Cooperation:
Promote cooperation among healthcare experts, data
scientists, and technologists to guarantee that machine
learning models are in accordance with medical competence,
ethical norms, and practical healthcare practices.
 Optimize Healthcare Resource Allocation:
Create models that enhance the allocation of healthcare
resources by identifying patients with a greater risk, enabling
focused interventions, and potentially lessening the overall
strain on healthcare systems.
 Contribute to the paradigm of preventive healthcare:
Embrace a proactive healthcare approach by using
machine learning into preventative efforts, with a focus on
early identification, tailored therapies, and enhanced health
outcomes for young adults who are susceptible to strokes.
IJISRT24FEB324 www.ijisrt.com
International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
VII. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Overall, the utilization of machine learning for
forecasting strokes in young individuals signifies a crucial
progression in the field of healthcare, providing a
revolutionary method for early identification, tailored
therapies, and enhanced public health results. This
undertaking is motivated by the acknowledgment of a rising
prevalence of strokes in the younger population and the
constraints of conventional risk evaluation techniques. The
effort faces several hurdles, including those related to data
quality, ethical considerations, the requirement for
interdisciplinary collaboration, and user acceptance.
Nevertheless, these obstacles are confronted with equally
strong prospects that emphasize the potential for beneficial
transformation in healthcare methodologies. The prospects
extend beyond the individual level to have an impact on
global health initiatives, so contributing to the reduction of
healthcare inequities and enhancing accessibility across varied
populations. Attaining scalability and accessibility can result
in widespread acceptance and a substantial improvement in
the allocation of healthcare resources.
Nevertheless, the effective integration of machine
learning in stroke prediction requires a focused endeavor to
tackle obstacles such as ethical concerns, user adoption, and
adherence to regulations. Interdisciplinary collaboration is
crucial for connecting healthcare practitioners and data
scientists, promoting a mutual understanding and joint
dedication to responsibly utilizing these technologies.
REFERENCES
[1]. N. Hameed, A. Ruskin, K. A. Hassan, and M. Hossain,
‘‘A comprehensive survey on image-based computer
aided diagnosis systems for skin cancer,’’ in Proc. 10th
Int. Conf. Softw., Knowl., Inf. Manage. Appl.
(SKIMA), China, 2016, doi:
[2]. N. Hameed, A. Shabut, and M. A. Hossain, ‘‘A
Computer-aided diagnosis system for classifying
prominent skin lesions using machine learning,’’ in
Proc. 10th Comput. Sci. Electron. Eng. (CEEC), Sep.
2018, pp. 186–191
[3]. M. T. Johnson and J. Roberts, ‘‘Skin conditions and
related need for medical care among persons 1–74
years. United States, 1971–1974,’’ Vital Health Stat.,
vol. 11, no. 212, pp. i–v and 1–72, Nov. 1978
[4]. British Skin Foundation. Accessed: May 2, 2018.
[Online]. Available:http://www.
britishskinfoundation.org.uk
[5]. H. W. Rogers, M. A. Weinstock, S. R. Feldman, and
B. M. Coldiron, ‘‘Incidence estimate of nonmelanoma
skin cancer (keratinocyte carcinomas) in the U.S.
population, 2012,’’ JAMA Dermatol., vol. 151, no. 10,
p. 1081, Oct. 2015.
338
Volume 9, Issue 2, February 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
[6]. K. Freedberg, A. Geller, D. Miller, R. Lew, and H.
Koh, ‘‘Screening for malignant melanoma: A cost-
effectiveness analysis,’’ J. Amer. Acad. Dermatol., vol.
41, no. 5, pp. 738–745, 1999, doi
[7]. V. Dick, C. Sinz, M. Mittlböck, H. Kittler, and P.
Tschandl, ‘‘Accuracy of computer-aided diagnosis of
melanoma: A meta-analysis,’’ J. Amer. Acad.
Dermatol., vol. 155, no. 11, p. 1291, Nov. 2019, doi:
[8]. C. Rosendahl, A. Cameron, I. Mccoll, and D.
Wilkinson, ‘‘Dermatoscopy in routine practice: ‘Chaos
and clues,’’’ Aust. Fam. Physician, vol. 41, no. 7, pp.
482–487, 2012.
[9]. R. Garnavi, M. Aldeen, and J. Bailey, ‘‘Computer-
aided diagnosis of melanoma using Border- and
wavelet-based texture analysis,’’ IEEE Trans. Inf.
Technol. Biomed., vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 1239–1252, Nov.
2012, doi:

IJISRT24FEB324 www.ijisrt.com 339