foaY.

=K úm¾hdi n,mEï wju lsÍu i|yd

mßir ys;ldó f;a j.d ;dlaIKhka

foaY.=K iqyr
q e f;a j.d ;dlaIK
Climate Smart Tea Cultivation Technologies

m%Odk ixialdrl
wdpd¾h m%idoa O¾ufiak

ixialdrl uKav,h
tia' tka' b,x.ka;s,l
mS' tÉ' ch;s,l
tï' t,aa' wd¾ chka;
tka' tia' fyÜáwdrÉÑ

iïmdol
wdpd¾h O¾um%sh iukaisß

iïnkaêldrl
tka' tia' fyÜáwdrÉÑ

jeú,s wud;HdxYh
cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh
2021
© 2021 cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh

ish¨u ysñlï wejß‚' cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kfha ksis wjirhlska f;drj fuu .%ka:h
iïmQ¾Kfhkau fyda tys fldgila fyda Wmqgd .ekSu" uqøs;" ,sÅ;" bf,lafg%dksla wd§ ljr udOHhlska fyda
msgm;a lsÍu" m< lsÍu" úldYkh lsÍu" wkqj¾:kh lsÍu yd jHdc f,i ieliQ msgm;a wf,ú lsÍu fnod yeÍu
iïmQ¾Kfhkau ;ykï fõ'

m<fjks uqøKh" 2021 fkdjeïn¾

ISBN : 978-678-5660-01-8

cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh" mqia;ld,h m%ldYk kdudj,s f;dr;=re

foaY.=K iqyqre f;a j.d ;dlaIKh (Climate - Smart Tea Cultivation Technologies)
jeú,s wud;HdxYh" cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh
ISBN( 9786785660018

i. 633.72 (DDC 22) ii. Ministry of Plantation

iii. National Institute of Plantation Management iv. O¾ufiak, m%idoa

m%ldYkh
jeú,s wud;HdxYh
 fmrjok

Y%s ,xldfõ f;a l¾udka;fha ixj¾Ok yd jeú,s wud;HdxYfha uQ,H wkq.%yh u; f;a
l¾udka;fha .=Kd;aul ;;a;ajhka yd M,odhs;dj jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu wruqKq lr .;a f;a
jHdma;s ks,OdÍkaf.a l=i,;d j¾Ok mqyqKq jevigykaj,g wod<j fujeks .%ka:hla
t<soelaùug yels ùu cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh ,;a ;j;a tla ch.%yKhls'
fndfyda fofkl=f.a m%fhdackh i|yd fuu .%ka:h isxy, NdIdfjka t<soelaùug lghq;=
fldg we;' fuys we;eï úIh lreKq i|yd bx.%sis mdßNdIsl Yío ud,d Ndú; lr we;'

Y%s ,xldfõ jeú,s fnda. w;=ßka f;a l¾udka;hg iqúfYaIS ia:dkhla ysñ fõ' jirlg we'fvd'
ì 1'3 wdikak úfoaY úksuh m%udKhla rg ;=<g f.k tau ;=<ska Y%s ,xldfõ wd¾Ólhg
úYd, Yla;shla tla lrhs' Y%s ,xldfõ f;a l¾udka;fha M,odhs;dj jeä lsÍug we;s tla
ndOdjla f,i foaY.=Kh fjkia ùu j¾;udk f;a l¾udka;h uqyqK fok wNsfhda. w;r
m%Odk ;ekla .kakd nj úoHd{hka mqfrdal:kh lr we;'

foaY.=K fjkia ùï ksid we;sjk n,mEï wju lsÍu i|yd ;dlaIKhka Ndú; lsÍfï
§ ta ta j.d m%foaYhkays mdßißl ;;a;ajhka ms<sn| ukd wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSu tys
;;a;ajh ie,ls,a,g .ksñka ;dlaIKh y÷kd .ekSu" Ndú;h" wOHdmkhg yd .eg¨ldÍ
;;a;ajhkag uqyqK §ug iQodkï lsÍu yd mj;sk ;;a;ajhka ms<sn|j mq¿,a oekqj;a lsÍu;a
fuu .%ka:fha mrud¾:h fõ'

Y%s ,xldfõ foaY.=‚l iqyqre f;a j.d ;dlaIKh ms<sn|j lrk ,o j¾;udk wOHdmk
m¾fhaIK jd¾;d yd Y%s ,xldfõ f;a m¾fhaIK wdh;kfha f;a w;afmd; lafIa;%
ud¾f.damfoaYk fmd;" jd¾Isl jd¾;d yd m¾fhaIK uQ,dY% úu¾Ykh fldg ,nd .;a o;a;
yd f;dr;=re úêu;a f,i fm< .iajd ixYaIsma; fldg olajd we;'

fuu .%ka:h ms<sfh, lsÍfï § Y%s ,xldfõ f;a m¾fhaIK wdh;kfha ysgmq wOHlaI
^jHdmD;s& wdpd¾h O¾um%sh iukaisß uy;df.a iïm;a odhl;ajh ,nd .kakd ,§' ksjerÈ
;dlaIKh ksjerÈ wdldrhg jvd;a fhda.H wjia:djl § jeú,slrejka fj; f.k hdfuys
jeo.;alu fyd¢ka y÷kd.;a jeú,s wud;HdxYh fuu .%ka:h t<soelaùug m%;smdok fjka
lsÍfï ksis f.!rjh ysñ úh hq;= w;r úfYaIfhka jeú,s wud;HdxYfha f,alï we;=¨
ks,OdÍ uvq,a,g cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kfha mqyqKq úfYaI{ tia'tka'b,x.;s,l
ñh" mS'tÉ'ch;s,l uy;d yd mqia;ld,hdêm;s tka'tia'fyÜáwdrÉÑ uy;d we;=¨ ks,Odß
uvq,a,g lD;{;dj ysñ úh hq;= h' tfukau tu l¾;jHh fjkqfjka kka whqßka w; ys;
ÿka jeú,s wud;HdxYh yd cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kfha j;auka ld¾h uKav,fha
isák ks,OdÍkag ia;=;s mQ¾jl f.!rjh ysñ úh hq;= h'

wdpd¾h m%idoa O¾ufiak

wOHlaI$m%Odk úOdhl ks,Odß
cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh
4 cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh - 2021
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1' mßirfha ffcj úúO;ajh iq/lSu 6

2' Y%S ,xldfõ foaY.=‚l ;;a;ajh 10

3' Y%S ,xldfõ f;a j.dj i|yd foaY.=‚l wjYH;d 11

4' Y%S ,xldfõ f;a j.djg foaY.=‚l úm¾hdihkaf.a n,mEu 13

5' f;a j.dj i|yd iqÿiq frdamK øjH Ndú;h 15

6' f;a j.dj kej; ia:dmkh lsÍu iy l<ukdlrKh 19

7' f;a bvfï mdxY= ixrlaIK 21

8' isgjQ f;a me< wdrlaId lr .ekSu 25

9' <má f;a j.djka kshx ;;a;ajhg uqyqK §ug iQodkï lsÍu 28

10' taldnoaO fmdaIl l<ukdlrKh 30

11' f;a bvul mdxY= ire nj l<ukdlrKh 33

12' mßir ys;ldó f;a j.djlg taldnoaO mdxY= fmdaIl l<ukdlrKh 35

13' f;a o¿ fk,Su 43

14' f;a lmamdÿ lsÍu 46

15' f;a j.dfõ frda. l<ukdlrKh 48

16' f;a j.dfõ m<sfndaO l<ukdlrKh 51

17' jgmKq m,sfndaOlhska taldnoaO l<ukdlrKh 54

18' f;a bvïys j,a me< l<ukdlrKh 56

19' lDIs jHdma;sh" f;dr;=re yd ;dlaIK iïfma%IKh 57

wdY%s; .%ka: yd ,sms f,aLk 62

weuqKqï 1( f;a mÍlaIl jHdma;s ks,OdÍ fldÜGdY iy lDIs foaY.=‚l l,dm 63

weuqKqï 2( lDIs foaY.=‚l l,dmhka f.a j¾Idm;k rgdj 65

weuqKqï 3( úúO f;a l,dmhka i|yd ks¾foaYs; f;a m%fNao iy tajdfha idOkSh ,laIK 68

foaY.=K iqyqre f;a j.d ;dlaIK

5
 01 Conservation of biodiversity in the environment
mßirfha ffcj úúO;ajh iq/lSu
wúêu;a ixj¾Ok l%shdj,Ska ;=<ska wm wjg mßirhg
ydks isÿ lrñka wm hk .uk t;rï iqnodhS fkdjk
nj fndfyda wh oeka f;areï f.k we;s nj ryila
fkdfõ' tneúka ;sridr ixj¾Okh" ffcj úúO;ajh
/l .ekSu" f.da,Sh WIaK;ajh md,kh" ´fidaka
úhk /l .ekSu wd§ fkdfhla ixl,am wm fj;g
meñK we;s nj fmfka' flfia kuq;a" iajNdúl
mßirh mokï lr .ksñka ta yd w;aje,a ne| .;a
lDIs l¾udka;hl ksr;j isák wm yg f;a j.dj iy
mßirh w;r we;s wfkHdakH ine¢hdjg Èfkka Èk
isÿ jk wlghq;=lï ;jÿrg;a ord isàug kqmq¿jk'
jkdka;rhla ;=< isg wm fj; meñ‚ f;a Ydlh kj
;dlaI‚l oekqu Ndú;fhka fldmuK jeä ÈhqKq
l<;a thg Wreuj ;snQ ckau .;s ,laIK iyuq,skau
tajdg wysñ lsÍu t;rï kqjKe;s l%shdjla fkdfõ'
jkdka;rfhka msg;g meñK wdÈ ñksid jkdka;r
lDIs ld¾ñl ìï njg mßj¾;kh lr .ksñka
Ôj;a ùug iß,k ksIamdokhla ,nd .;a; o uqo,a
bmhSu wruqKq lr .;a lDIs jHdmdr lrd j.d lghq;=
mßj¾;kh jk fuu hq.fha mßirh;a f;a j.dj;a
w;r mej;s wfkHdakH ine¢hdj /l .ekSu wm
yuqfõ we;s wNsfhda.hls'
f;a j.dìul ffcj úúO;ajh
jkdka;rhl mßirh úu¾Ykd;aulj ksÍlaIKh
l< úg wmg th jvd;a fyd¢ka ú.%y l< yelafla
o zmßir moaO;shlaZ f,i h' mßir ix>gl w;r
wfkHdakH ine¢hdjla fyd¢ka mj;ajd .ksñka"
mj;sk úúO;ajh wdrlaId lr .ksñka yd fjkia jk
;;a;ajhkag yev .efiñka mj;sk fuu moaO;shg
ndysr n,mEula fkdue;s kï ;sridr j mej;sh yel'
6 cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh - 2021
f;a j.dj i|yd ñksia l%shdldrlï iDcqj iïnkaO
jk neúka th iajdNdúl mßir moaO;shla iu.
mQ¾K jYfhka iei¢h fkdyels kuq;a wmg jvd;a
ióm >¾u l,dmSh jkdka;r mßirhl fmdÿ ,laIK
f;a j.djka ;=<g tl;= l< yels jqjfyd;a f;a j.dfõ
meje;au iy f;a j.dj ksid mßirhg isÿ úh yels
wys;lr n,mEï wju lsÍug hï ;rul ms<shula
wmg ,nd .; yels jkq we;'
f;a j.dfõ ffcj úúO;ajh
uq,skau wm f;a j.djla ;=< we;s úúO;ajh y÷kd
.ekSug yd f;a j.d mßirhl we;s ix>gl w;r
wfkHdakH ine¢hdj y÷kd .ekSug W;aidy l<fyd;a
j¾;udkfha ta j.dj ;=< mj;sk .eg¿ /ilg ms<s;=re
fidhd .ekSug yels jkq we;'
m%Odk jYfhka Ökfhka ,enqKq lefu,shd isfkkaiSia
iy W;=re bkaÈhdfõ weiEï m%foaYfhka ,enqKq
lefu,shd wefiñld úfYaIhka iajNdúl yd lD;%su
wNsckk l%u u.ska ÈhqKq lr kj f;a m%fNao 1000 lg
wdikak m%udKhla ksmojd tajd w;ßka f;dard .;a
m%fNao 68 la muK oekg j.dj i|yd ks¾foaY lsÍug
wfma úoHd{hkag yelsj we;' mj;sk foaY.=‚l
l,dmhkaf.a yd mdxY= ldKavhkaf.a iqúfYaI ,laIK
fyd¢ka wOHhkh lr tu ;;a;ajhkag jvd;a fyd¢ka
.e,fmk f;a m%fNao ta ta ;ekays j.d lsÍug ie,iSfuka
jkdka;rhla ;=< we;s mßir l%shdj,Skag ióm mßir
moaO;shla f,ig" idfmalaIj flá ld,hlska f;a
j.djla m;alsÍug wmg yels jkq we;'
úúO foaY.=‚l l,dm úis ;=kla iy úúO mdxY=
ldKav úis tlla mqrd ,xldfõ f;a j.dj me;sr
mj;skq olakg yel'
f;a j.dfõ mj;sk frda. yd m<sfndaO ydks o úúO
h' y÷kd .;a frda. 25 lg muK fkdwvq w;r
m<sfndaO ydks 30 lg muK fkdwvq h' fuu frda.
yd m<sfndaO ydks f;a j.dj wdY%s; mßirfha ks;ru
mej;sh o tajd .eg¨jla njg m;a jkafka tajdg
WÑ; mßir ;;a;ajhka Wod jQ úg mu‚' mßirfha
fjkiaùï ms<sn| ksrka;r wjfndaOhlska yd f;a
lafIa;%hka ms<sn| ióm ksÍlaIKhlska isákafka kï
frda. yd m<sfndaOlhkag fhda.H mßir ;;a;ajhka
Wod ùu je<elaùug mq¿jk' fï i|yd mdxY= yd
ld,.=K ;;a;ajhkaf.a fjkiaùïj,g wkqj frda.
yd m<sfndaOlhskaf.a yeisÍu fyd¢ka y÷kdf.k
.eg¿jg fmr iQodkï úh hq;= h'
;sridr f;a j.djla
iajNdúl jkdka;rhl mfia we;s fmdaIl mod¾: mßir
moaO;sfhka bj;a ù hdu isÿ jkafka b;du;a wju
jYfhks' kuq;a lDIs jHdmdrhla f,i mj;ajdf.k
hk f;a j.djla iajNdúl jkdka;rhla wdldrhgu
mj;ajd f.k hd fkdyel' wm f;a bvfuka M,odjla
^f;a o¿& bj;a lr .; hq;=u h' fï f;a o¿ iu.
wm bvfuka bj;a lr .kakd fmdaIl mod¾:hkag
m%udKfhka yd .=Kd;aul núka wdikak jYfhka
fyda iudk fmdaIl mod¾: m%udKhla kej; bvug
tl;= lsÍug wm wiu;a jqjfyd;a f;a j.dfõ ;sridr
njg th oeä n,mEula we;s lrhs' mfia isák ys;lr
Ôùka o Wmßu uÜgfuka mj;ajdf.k hd yels kï
f;a j.dfõ meje;au ;j;a hym;a jkq we;'
fï i|yd yels ;rï mßirh iu. tlaj hk j.d
ms<sfj;a wkq.ukh lsÍu wjYH fõ' tajd w;ßka
jvd;a jeo.;a j.d ms<sfj;a lsysmhla jkafka¦
• bvfuka bj;a lrk fmdaIl yels ;rï bvug
kej; ,nd §u
• mi u;=msg ldnksl øjH ia;rhla mj;ajdf.k hEu
• bvfï Ydl úúO;ajh m%Yia; uÜgfï mj;ajdf.k
hEu
• f;a bvïj, lDIsridhk øjH Ndú;h yels ;rï
wju lsÍu" wdÈh hs
wm fldmuK fyd¢ka fmdaIl l<ukdlrKh isÿ l<;a
fhdok lD;%su fmdfydrj, fmdaIl úúO wdldrfhka
ydks ù hdu wmg uq¿ukskau j<lajd .; fkdyel'
mig fhdok iEu fmdaIl fldgia ishhlska u .fia
meje;au yd wiajekak i|yd Ndú; jkafka fldgia 35
- 50 ;a w;r m%udKhla jk w;r b;sßh úkdY ù hdu
fyda myiqfjka m%fhdackhg .; fkdyels ;;a;ajhg
m;a ùu isÿfõ' bvfï isgqjd we;s .eUqre uq,a moaO;shla
iys; fijK Ydl iy m;% fmdfydr fNda. u.ska
ydks jk fmdaIlj,ska hï fldgila kej; fmdf<dj
u;=msgg f.k tau isÿ lrhs'
f;a j.dj iu. Wia fijK iy uOHu fijK j.d ia:r
1'1 foaY.=‚l úm¾hdi n,mEï we;sùug fya;=
"@TRDRNESGDDƤDBSRNEBKHL@SDBG@MFD
lmamdÿ w;= je<,Su ;=<ska o ie,lsh hq;= fmdaIl
m%udKhla bvfï r|jd .ekSug yels jk nj o
ie,lsh hq;= h' kuq;a fuf,i wm kej; ,nd .kafka
f;a .ig ,nd .; fkdyelsj fmdf<dj ;=<g .uka
l< fmdaIlj,ska hï fldgila mu‚' ta ksid wm
wiajekak f,i bj;a lr .kakd fmdaIl wdmiq
,nd .ekSu ms‚i lD;%su fyda iajNdúl fmdfydr
fh§ug isÿfõ' wm ta ms<sn| fjk;a wdldrhlg
úia;r l<fyd;a" Èklg wuq f;a o¨ lsf,da .%Eï 20
l wiajekakla ,nd .kakd bvulg ´kEu j¾.hl
wuq fld< lsf,da .%Eï 20 ^úh<s fld< lsf,da .%Eï 5 la
muK& o¨ fk,k iEu Èklu fhÿjfyd;a f;a o¨
f,i bj;a lr .;a fmdaIl ie,lsh hq;= m%udKhla
wdmiq bvug ,nd Èh yels jkq we;'
j¾;udkfha f.da,Shj lDIs l¾udka;h uqyqK § we;s
.eg¿ w;r foaY.=‚l úm¾hdi fya;=fjka isÿjk
mdßißl fjkiaùï u.ska we;s lrk .eg¿ o m%Odk
;ekla .kS' j¾;udkfha f;a l¾udka;h o tjeks
wNsfhda. /ilg uqyqK foñka isák w;r bÈß
wkd.;fha uqyqK §ug isÿúh yels wNsfhda.d;aul
;;a;ajhka ms<sn| úoHd{hska úiska mqfrdal:kh
lr we;' tjeks ;;a;ajhka ms<sn|j j.dlrejka
oekqj;a lsÍu;a Tjqkaj ta i|yd iQodkï lsÍu;a
m¾fhaIlhska" m%;sm;a;s ie,iqï lrkakka iy
;dlaIK ikaksfõolhska w;ska fkdmudj bgq úh hq;=
j.lSuls'
foaY.=‚l úm¾hdi fya;=fjka isÿ úh yels ydks
j<lajd .ekSug lghq;= lsÍu yd tjeks .eg¿ldÍ
;;a;ajhkag uqyqK §ug iQodkï ùu i|yd jvd fhda.H
iy wod< f;a j.d ;dlaIKhka y÷kd .ekSu iy tajd
ms<sn| oekqj;a lsÍu fï w;r uq,a ;ekla .kS'
f.da,Sh WIaK;ajh by< hdu j<lajd .ekSu i|yd
mßir ys;ldó j.d l%u wkq.ukh lsÍu ksid
foaY.=‚l úm¾hdi fya;=fjka ñys;,hg isÿ úh
yels wys;lr n,mEï wju lsÍug bv lv we;s nj
fndfyda úoHd{hka úiska fmkajd § we;'
f.da,Sh WIaK;ajh by< hdu yqfola wyUq mdßißl
ixisoaêhla fkdfõ' ñksid wúêu;a f,i mßirh
iu. isÿ l< wka;¾ l%shdldß;ajh ksid we;s jQ w;=re
M,hls'
mßirh iuÕ ifudaOdkslj j.d lghq;=ys kshe¨Kq
ñksid yß; úma,jhg wj;S¾Kh ùu;a iu.u wdydr
ksIamdokh by< kexùfï wjYH;dj u; mßir
ys;ldó j.d l%uhkaf.ka l%ñlj wE;a fjñka kj
úúO ;dlaI‚l l%u iu. tl;= jkakg úh' fuu
;dlaI‚l l%u úoHd;aul jqj o iuyr ;dlaI‚l l%u
Ndú;h u.ska mßirh fj; iDcq fyda jl% wys;lr
n,mEï we;s l< yels úh' fuu wys;lr n,mEïys
iuqÉÑ; m%;sM,h j¾;udk f,dalh ;=< wys;lr
ld,.=‚l úm¾hdi n,mEï f,i úoHdudk fjñka
mj;S'
foaY.=K iqyqre f;a j.d ;dlaIK
7
lDIs ksIamdokh by< kexùu wruqK lr .ksñka j.d • jkdka;r iy ;DK ìï ksrka;rfhka .sks ;eîu
lghq;= mq¿,a lsÍug hdfï § mßirh iuÕ wys;lr yd .sks .ekSug ie,eiaùu u.ska jdhqf.da,hg úYd,
f,i .egqkq wjia:d fndfyduhla y÷kd .; yel' jYfhka ldnka vfhdlaihsâ jdhqj tl;= ùu"

foaY.=‚l úm¾hdi n,mEï we;s ùug f;a j.djkag
wod< fya;= lsysmhla kï¦
• j.d ìï mq¿,a lsÍug;a" kj ireidr j.d ìï
wiajoaojd .ekSug;a iajNdúl jkdka;r fy<s lsÍu
^CDENQDRS@SHNM& u.ska mßirh úkdY ùu"
• kj j.d ìï ia:dmkh lsÍu i|yd mi ilia lsÍu
^ENQJHMF@MCRNHKOQDO@Q@SHNM& iy fhda.H fkdjk
wdldrfha hka;% iQ;%" i;a;aj n,h fhdod .ekSu
u.ska fkdhs÷,a jkdka;rhka ys ;snQ mfia ireidr
nj wvq ùug m%Odk jYfhka fya;= jQ" ksrka;rfhka
isÿ jk mdxY= Ldokh fkdi,ld yeÍu"
• fnda.fha wiajekak iu. mfiys fmdaIl bj;a ùu
i|yd úl,am mshjrla f,i laI‚l m%;sM, ,nd
fok ridhksl fmdfydr m%Njhka Ndú;hg f.dùka
keUqre ùu"
• ;ks fnda.hla f,i ^LNMNBQNO& j.d ìula
mj;ajdf.k hdfï § j.d ìï ;=< frda. yd m<sfndaO
ydks mD:q, f,i me;sr hdu iy tu m<sfndaO ydks
md,kh i|yd lDIs ridhk Ndú;hg f.dùka yqre
ùu"
• j.d N+ñfha fNda.hka w;r j,a me, nyq, ùu u.ska
j.djg we;s lrk ;r.ldÍ;ajh md,kh lsÍu
i|yd myiq l%uhla f,i j,a kdYl Ndú;hg yqre
ùu"
• lDIs ridhk øjH Ndú;fha § ´fidaka úhkg ydks
isÿ l< yels ix>gl wvx.= ridhk øjH Ndú;hg
.ekSu" WodyrK f,i f;a ;jdkays jgmKq u¾Okh
i|yd ó;hs,a fn%dauhsâ fhdod .ekSu"
• j.d ìï wjg we;s c, fmdaIl m%foaYhkag ydks jk
wdldrhg j.d lghq;= mj;ajdf.k hEu"
fuu ish¨ wys;lr ñksia l%shdldrlïys iuqÉÑ;
m%;sM,h ld,h;a iu. ñys;,h WKqiqï lsÍug úYd,
f,i odhl ù we;s nj ld,.=K úoHd{hska fmkajd
§ we;'
hï ksYaÑ; m%foaYhl mßirhg isÿ jk wys;lr
n,mEï ksid we;s jk wys;lr mdßißl ;;a;ajhka
tu m%foaYhg muKlau iSud fkdjk w;r iuia;
rggu iy wjg we;s rgj,g o n,mEï we;s lrk nj
fmkS hhs'
wm rg wdikakfha we;s rgj, isÿ jk wys;lr j.d
lghq;= fukau iS>% f,i l¾udka;Yd,d ìys ùu wdÈh
o wmf.a mßirh WKqiqï ùug n,mEï we;s lrhs'
fuh f.da,Sh jHik ;;a;ajhla f,i y÷kdf.k
we;af;a ta ksid h' tu ksid fuu .eg¨jg f.da,Sh
jYfhka ms<s;=re fiúh hq;= h'

• mßirhg ys;ldó" ;sridr iajNdúl j.d l%uhkaf.ka

wE;a ù laI‚l m%;sM, ,nd fok" Ndú;hg myiq
j.d l%u wkq.ukh lsÍu' Wod( ldnksl fmdfydr
Ndú;h wvq ùu" j.d ìï wdY%s;j fld< fmdfydr
j.djka mj;ajdf.k hEfuka ÿria ùu"

• mdxY= Ldokh je<elaùu i|yd jvd;a fhda.H

iajNdúl l%u jk fnda. jeá" ;DK jeá wd§h
fhdod .ekSu wvq ùu"

• mdxY= Ldokh j<lajd .ekSug fukau mfia f;;ukh

iq/lSug mi u;=msg ldnksl jiqka fh§u wvq ùu"

• j.djkag ydks lrk m<sfndaOlhka u; hefmk

iajNdúl mrfmdaIs;hkaf.a meje;aug wys;lr jk
mßÈ j.d lghq;= mj;ajdf.k hdu"

• frda. yd m<sfndaO md,kh i|yd y÷kdf.k we;s

id¾:l fukau ld¾hlaIu" mßir ys;ldó" ffcj
úoHd;aul md,k l%u ms<sn| ie,ls,su;a fkdùu"

• bvfï jefjk ;r.ldÍ j,a me, bj;a lsÍu

i|yd Wo¨" fidrä jeks WmlrK Ndú;fhka
ksrka;rfhka u;=msg mi nqre,a lsÍu ksid iq¿
j¾Idjlska mjd ire u;=msg mi Ldokh ù hdu"

8 cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh - 2021

f,dj mqrd ish¨ rgj,a tl;= ù f.da,Sh WKqiqu by<
hdu j<lajd .ekSu i|yd iïuq;Ska" tlÕ;djka f.dv
kÕd we;s w;r" l%shdldÍ jevigyka ie,iqï lr we;'
tu iduQysl;ajhka ;=< we;s tla tla rgj,a ;ukaf.a
j.lSu fkdmsßfy,d bgq l< hq;=j we;'
› ,xldj" ñys;,h WKqiqï lsÍu i|yd ork
odhl;ajh idfmalaI jYfhka wvq rgls' flfia
kuq;a iduQysl" f.da,Sh jevigykl fldgialrejka
jYfhka ñys;,h WKqiqï ùu j<lajd .ekSug fyda
wju lsÍug wm o wfkl=;a rgj,a iuÕ tlaj wem
lem ù jev l< hq;= h'
f;a l¾udka;fha kshef,k úoHd{hska iy wfkl=;a
wod< md¾Yajlrejka f.da,Sh WKqiqu by< hdu wju
jk mßÈ j.d lghq;= lsÍu i|yd j.d ;dlaIKhka
iy ks¾foaY /ila j.dlrejka fj; y÷kajd §
we;' f;a j.dfõ iy ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha ksr;
iEu ish¨ fokdu tu j.d ms<sfj;a iy ksIamdok
ms<sfj;a ksjerÈj wkq.ukh lrñka f.dú ìï iy
l¾udka;Yd,d f.da,Sh WKqiqug odhl fkdjk
;;a;ajfhka mj;ajdf.k hEug lghq;= l< hq;= h'
f;dard .;a foaY.=K-iqyqre j.d ;dlaIKhka ksjerÈj
wkq.ukh lsÍug kï j.d ìug wod< foaY.=‚l
iy mdxY= ;;a;ajhka ksjerÈ j y÷kd .ekSug;a ta
ta foaY.=‚l iy mdxY= ;;a;ajhkag fhda.H j.d
;dlaIKhka f;dard .ekSug fhda.H ud¾f.damfoaY
ilia lr §u;a fuu l¾;jHfha jeo.;a mshjrla jkq
we;'
1'2 foaY.=K iqyqre f;a j.d ;dlaIK
"KHL@SD2L@QS3D@"TKSHU@SHNM3DBGMNKNFHDR
j¾;udk f,dalfha lDIs l¾udka;h uqyqK § we;s
.eg¨ w;r foaY.=‚l úm¾hdihka fya;=fjka
isÿjk mdßißl fjkia ùï u.ska we;s lrk .eg¨
o m%Odk ;ekla .kS' j¾;udkfha f;a l¾udka;h o
tjeks wNsfhda. /ilg uqyqK foñka isák w;r bÈß
wkd.;fha uqyqK §ug isÿ úh yels wNsfhda.d;aul
;;a;ajhka ms<sn| úoHd{hska úiska mqfrdal:kh
lr we;’ tjeks ;;a;ajhka ms<sn|j j.dlrejka
oekqj;a lsÍu;a Tjqkaj ta i|yd iQodkï lsÍu;a
m¾fhaIlhska" m%;sm;a;s ie,iqï lrkakka iy
;dlaIK ikaksfõolhska w;ska fkdmudj isÿ úh hq;=
rdcldßhls'
foaY.=‚l úm¾hdihkaf.ka isÿ úh yels ydks
j<lajd .ekSug lghq;= lsÍu yd tjeks .eg¨ldÍ
;;a;ajhkag uqyqK §ug iQodkï ùu i|yd jvd fhda.H
iy wod< f;a j.d ;dlaIKhka y÷kd .ekSu iy tajd
ms<sn| oekqj;a lsÍu fï w;r uq,a ;ekla .kS'
foaY.=K iqyqre f;a j.d ;dlaIK
9
02 Climatic condition in Sri Lanka

Y%S ,xldfõ foaY.=‚l ;;a;ajh

ksj¾;k l,dmsl foaY.=‚l ,laIKj,ska hqla; Y%S 2'7 Y%S ,xldfõ f;a j.d lrk m%foaY
,xldj kef.kysr foaYdxY (Longitudes ƒƍƒƍiy ^Tea Growing Regions in Sri Lanka&
W;a;r wlaIdxY (Latitudes ƒƍƒƍ w;r msysgd we;'
Y%S ,xldfõ m%Odk foaY.=‚l l,dm ;=kla” tkï
Y%S ,xldfõ m%Odk N+ ,laIK ie,l+ úg l÷ jeá" jd¾Isl j¾Idm;kfha m%udKh wkqj f;;a l,dmh
idkq" l÷ uqÿka" ksïk" ñáhdj;aj,ska iukaú; uOHu ^W&" w;r ueÈ l,dmh ^I& iy úh<s l,dmh ^D& f,i
l÷lrh yereKq úg Èjhsfka b;sß N+ñ m%foaYh" ;ekska fjka lr we;'
;ek biau;= ù ;sfnk l=vd l÷ .eg iys; ;eks;,d
ìuls' úfYaIfhka u fudaiï iufha jHdma; jk iq<x
rgd" ld,Sk j¾Idm;k" WIaK;aj" idfmalaI wd¾ø;d
iy wfkl=;a foaY.=‚l ;;a;ajhkag fuu N+ ,laIK
fnfyúka n,mdhs'
႐໿Ⴝ໠༁༊໹໿
2'1 ld,.=Kh ^Weather&(
flá ld,Sk jdhqf.da,Sh ;;a;ajhka" tkï iQ¾h
lsrK" WIaK;ajh" wd¾ø;dj" j¾IKh ^jysk wdldrh" ໎໳ༀ໽་࿺
༒໳࿚
;Sj%;dj" m%udKh& jdhqf.da,Sh mSvkh iy iq<x ^fõ.h
iy ÈYdj& wdÈh ld,.=Kh f,i y÷kajhs'

2'2 foaY.=Kh ^Climate&(

Y%S ,xldfõ foaY.=‚l l,dm
ksYaÑ; l,dmhl §¾> ld,hla ^tla udihl isg j¾I
.Kkdjla olajd& mj;akd jdhqf.da,Sh ;;a;ajhka
foaY.=‚l l,dmhkaf.a idudkH jd¾Isl j¾Idm;khka
foaY.=Kh f,i w¾: olajhs'
• f;;a l,dmh ñ'ó'> 2500 ^Wet zone&
2'3 foaY.=‚l úm¾hdi ^Climate change& È.= ld,Sk • w;r ueÈ l,dmh ñ'ó'2500-1750 ^Intermediate zone&
foaY.=K fjkialï h' • úh<s l,dmh ñ'ó' 1750-900 ^Dry zone&
meyeÈ,s WIaK;aj fjkialï iys; jQ Wkak;dxYh
2'4 jeis Èkh ^Wet-day&( ^Elevation& u; mokïj Y%S ,xldfõ f;a j.d lrk
ñ,s óg¾ 2'5 la fyda Bg jeä j¾Idm;khla iys; m%foaY ;j;a wdldrhlg" tkï uqyqÿ uÜgfï isg óg¾
Èkhla jeis Èkhla f,i w¾: olajd we;' 300 olajd m%foaY my;rg ^L& f,i o" óg¾ 300 - 900
w;r ueorg ^M& f,i o" óg¾ 900 by<ska we;s m%foaY
Wvrg ^U& f,i fnod we;'
2'5 jeis iys; foaY.=Kh ^Rainy climate&(
jeis iuh hkq l,dmfha idudkH jd¾Isl w;S;fha isg ,xldfõ f;a l¾udka;h Wkak;dxYh
j¾Idm;kfhka jeä m%udKhla ,efnk jif¾ u; fjk;a j¾.SlrKhla Ndú; lrhs' tkï" óg¾
ld,hhs' idudkHfhka fuu ld,h wju jYfhka 600 g wvq my;rg f,i o" óg¾ 600 - 1200 w;r
udihlaj;a mj;s' ueorg" iy óg¾ 1200 g jeä Wvrg f,i h'
2'6 Y%S ,xldfõ jirla we;=<; fmkajk m%Odk j.=j 1( Wkak;dxYh mokï lr .;a m%Odk f;a j.d
foaY.=‚l ld, mßÉfþo¦ l,dm ^Tea growing regions based on elevation&(
1' m<uq wka;¾ fudaiï ld,h
^First Inter-monsoon& ^ud¾;= - wfma%,a&
lDIs mdßißl l,dmhka f;a l¾udka;fha
2' ksß; È. fudaiï ld,h Wkak;dxY l,dm
wkqj ks¾jpkh wkqj
^South-West monsoon& ^uehs - iema;eïn¾&
3' fojk wka;¾ fudaiï ld,h my; rg óg¾ 0-300 óg¾ 0-600
^+NVBNTMSQX& ^wä 0-1000& w;r ^wä 0-2000& w;r
^Second Inter-monsoon& ^Tlaf;daïn¾ -
fkdjeïn¾& ueo rg óg¾ 300-900 óg¾ 600-1200
^,HCBNTMSQX& ^wä 1000-3000& w;r ^wä 2000-4000& w;r
4' Bidk È. fudaiï iq<x
^North-East monsoon& ^foieïn¾ - fmnrjdß& Wv rg óg¾ 900 ^wä 3000& g óg¾ 1200 ^wä 4000&
^4OBNTMSQX& jeä g jeä

10 cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh - 2021

03 Climatic Requirement for Tea Cultivation
Y%S ,xldfõ f;a j.dj i|yd
foaY.=‚l wjYH;d
3'1 j¾Idm;kh ^Rainfall&
໽་໵ༀ໭
໔໯ༀ໭
໹༆໳ༀ
Wkak;dxYh mokï lr .;a m%Odk f;a j.d l,dm
Y%S ,xldfõ f;a j.dj nyq,j mj;sk f;;a l,dmh
we;=¿ rfÜ fndfyda m%foaYhkays jir ;=< j¾Idm;k
rgdfõ meyeÈ,s uqÿka folla olakg ,efnhs' f;a
j.dfõ M,odhs;dj g n,mdk jeo.;a u idOl jkafka
j¾Idm;kfha m%udKh iy tys me;sÍuhs' j¾Idm;kh
we;s jkafka fudaiï iq<x"wka;¾ fudaiï ixjyk
l%shdldrlï" wjmd; iy iq<s iq<x wd§ mdßißl
l%shdldß;ajhka fya;=fjks'
3'1'1 fudaiï yd wka;¾ fudaiï ixjykh jeis ^Monsoon
and Inter-monsoon convectional rains&
fudaiï yd wka;¾ fudaiï ixjykh fya;=fjka we;s
jk j¾Idm;kh l%uj;a me;sÍfï rgdjla fmkajk
w;r wjmd; yd iq<s iq<x l%shdldß;ajh fya;=fjka
we;s jk jeis ks;H me;sÍfï rgdjla fkdfmkajhs'
uehs isg iema;eïn¾ olajd ld,h ;=< § uOHu
l÷lrfha iq<x uQK; m%foaYhg ksß; È. fudaiï
jeis yg .kakd w;r fuu ld,h ;=< l÷lrfha
kef.kysr m%foaYhg úh<s iq<x yud hhs' uq¿ Èjhsk
u wdjrKh jk mßÈ foieïn¾ isg fmnrjdß olajd
Bidk È. fudaiï jeis yg .kakd w;r" úfYaIfhka
foieïn¾ ui w. Nd.fha § fndfyda Èkhka ys wêl
j¾Idm;khla ,efí'
wka;¾ fudaiï jeis we;s jkafka ud¾;= isg wfma%,a
olajd iy Tlaf;dan¾ isg fkdjeïn¾ olajd ld,
mßÉfþohka ;=< § h' Èjhsk mqrd ijia jrefõ wêl
;Sj%;dj hlska" jßka jr .s.=reï iys; j we;s jk
fuu jeis m%Odk jYfhka ixjyk l%shdldrlï ksid
yg.kS'
3'1'2 wjmd; fya;=fjka we;s jk j¾Id ^Rains due to
depressions&
fnx.d, fndlal iy ksß; È. wrdì uqyqfoa j¾Okh
jk wvq mSvk wjmd; ;;a;ajhka fya;=fjka Tlaf;dan¾
- fkdjeïn¾ ld,h ;=< uq¿ Èjhsku wdjrKh lrñka
fuu jeis yg .k’ fuu j¾Idjkays iqúfYaI ,laIK
jkafka Èk lsysmhla mqrd wLKavj mej;Su h'
3'1'3 iq<s iq<x fya;=fjka we;s jk j¾Idj ^Rains due to
cyclonic activities&
idudkHfhka ;o iq<x iuÕ ;o jeis we;s jk
iq<s iq<x j¾Idjka we;s jkafka Bidk È. fudaiï
udij,§ fuka u Tlaf;dan¾-fkdjeïn¾ ld,j, § h'
3'2 f;a j.dj i|yd j¾Idm;k wjYH;dj ^Rainfall
requirement for tea cultivation&
f;a j.dj i|yd idudkHfhka jd¾Islj ñ,s óg¾
2"500 - 3"000 w;r j¾Idm;khla wjYH jk w;r"
wju j¾Idm;k wjYH;dj ñ,s óg¾ 1"200 ls' taldldr
me;sÍula we;s j¾Idm;khla f;a .fia j¾Okh i|yd
jvd;a iqÿiq h' fyd¢ka c,h nei hk mila we;s' c,
.e,Sï isÿ fkdjk m%foaYhl kï j¾Idm;kh i|yd
by< iSudjla fkdue;'
3'3 ysre t<sh mj;sk ld, iSudj ^Sunshine duration&
idudkHfhka" l÷lrfha ngysr nEjqfï" by<
Wkak;dxY m%foaYhkays cqks iy cQ,s udij, § iy
W!j m%foaYhkays fkdjeïn¾ iy foieïn¾ udij,
§ fndfyda úg wyi iïmQ¾Kfhka u j<dl=,ska jeiS
hhs' fuu udij, § m%Ndixiaf,aIKh iSñ; jk ksid
fndfyda úg f;a m÷re wl%sh fõ f;;a l,dmfha Èklg
ysre t<sh mj;sk ld,h jd¾Isl uOHkH meh 4'9 isg
6'4 olajd fõ'
foaY.=K iqyqre f;a j.d ;dlaIK
11
3'4 WIaK;ajh ^Temperature& Wkak;dxYh" jd¾Isl j¾Idm;kh ,eîfï 75] l
iïNdú;dj iy j¾Idm;kh me;sÍfï rgdj wdÈh
f;a j.dj i|yd iqÿiq u mßir WIaK;ajh fi,aishia wkqj h'
wxYl 18 - 25 ls' wju WIaK;ajh fi,aishia wxYl
13 g jvd wvq fkdúh hq;= w;r Wmßu WIaK;ajh
iuia; f;;a l,dmh u iy w;rueÈ l,dmfha we;eï
fi,aishia wxYl 30 g jeä fkdúh hq;= h'
m%foaY f;a j.d lsÍug wjYH foaY.=‚l wjYH;d
3'5 u,a ;=ysK m;s; ùu ^Frost damage& imqrd we;'
b;d by< Wkak;dxYhla we;s m%foaYhkays §" WoEik 3'9 Y%S ,xldfõ f;a j.d lrk m%foaYhkays lDIs mdßißl
u meyeÈ,s wyila iy iq<x fkdue;s mßir ;;a;ajhla l,dm ^Agro-ecological zones in tea growing regions of Sri
we;s úg ksïkhkays f;a bvïj, mßir WIaK;ajh Lanka &
fi,aishia wxYl 0 g wdikak jk úg u,a ;=ysK we;s
ùfuka f;a m;% ydkshg m;afõ' u,a ;=ysK f;a m;%
my; i|yka uQ,sl lDIs mdßißl l,dmhka f;a j.d
úkdY lr f;a m÷rej,g o ie,lsh hq;= ydkshla isÿ
lsÍu i|yd fhda.H h'
lrhs'
• Wv rg f;;a l,dmh ^WU&
• ueo rg f;;a l,dmh ^WM&
• my; rg f;;a l,dmh ^WL&
• Wv rg w;rueÈ l,dmh ^IU&
• ueo rg w;rueÈ l,dmh ^IM&
3'10 f;a j.djg kshÕfha n,mEï
^Drought impacts for tea cultivation&
u,a ;=ysK m;s; ùfuka ydkshg m;a ,má f;a j.djla
,xldfõ f;a bvï i|yd jdß c, moaO;s l%shd;aul
3'6 idfmalaI wd¾ø;dj ^Relative humidity& jkafka ke;s ;rï h' tneúka úh<s ld,.=K ;;a;ajh
f;a j.djkag ie,lsh hq;= ydks isÿ lrhs' ÿ¾j, mila
jhqf.da,fha c, jdIam mSvk ysÕh u.ska jd;fha iys; WKqiqï m%foaYj, tkï Y%S ,xldfõ my;rg
úh<s nj fmkakqï lrk w;r fuu ;;a;ajh f;a .fia iy ueorg f;a j.d lrk m%foaYj, kshÕfha n,mEu
j¾Okh iy wiajekak iuÕ ióm iïnkaO;djla jvd;a lemS fmfka'
olajhs' ,xldfõ úúO m%foaYj, ksmofjk f;a rih
i|yd j.lsj hq;= oaú;shsl mßjD;a;Sh øjH we;s
ùug jd;fha úh<s nj odhl jk w;r jif¾ úh<s
udij, § tu n,mEu jvd;a m%n, j lemS fmfka'
f;;a udij, § mj;sk by< idfmalaI wd¾ø;dj ìì,s
wx.udrh jeks È,Sr frda. j¾Okhg fya;=jk neúka
tjeks ld,j, iqÿiq lafIa;% l<ukdlrK ms<sfj;a
wkq.ukh l< hq;= h'
3'7 iq<Õ ^Wind&
iq<Õ f;a j.dfõ M,odhs;djg n,mdk w;r iq<fÕa
n,mEug Tfrd;a;= §fï yelshdj f;a j¾.h wkqj
fjkia fõ Ök j¾.fha m<,a m;% iys; weiEï j¾.fha
f;aj,g jvd fyd¢ka iq<fÕa n,mEug Tfrd;a;= foa'

cQ,s isg iema;eïn¾ uq, olajd ld,h ;=<" uOHu

l÷lrfha ngysr fldgig j¾Idj ,nd §fuka
wk;=rej ksß; È. fudaiï iq<x úh<s iq<Õla f,i Y%S ,xldfõ f;a j.d m%foaYhkays lDIs mdßißl l,dm
^AER& ^m%Njh( lDIsl¾u fomd¾;fïka;=j&
,xldfõ W!j m%foaYh fj; yud hhs' isis,a rd;%S
ld,h;a meyeÈ,s wyi;a we;s úg" úh<s iq<x ri f;a
ksmoùug Okd;aul n,mEula we;s lrhs'

3'8 lDIsmdßißl l,dm ^Agro-Ecological regions&

Y%S ,xldfõ f;a j.d lrk m%Odk foaY.=‚l l,dm

jkafka f;;a" iy w;rueÈ l,dmhs' fuu foaY.=‚l
l,dm ;jÿrg;a lDIs mdßißl l,dm lsysmhlg fnod iajhxl%Sh ld,.=K ñkqï WmlrK j¾Idm;k udkh
^Automated Agro-meteriological instrument& ^Rain-gauge&
we; fuu lDIs mdßißl l,dm fjka lr we;af;a

12 cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh - 2021

04 Climate change impact for tea cultivation in Sri Lank

Y%S ,xldfõ f;a j.djkag foaY.=‚l

úm¾hdihkaf.a n,mEu
2013 jif¾ § úfÊr;ak iy pkaømd, úiska isÿ lrk ta wkqj" by; i|yka lDIs mdßißl l,dm iy my;
,o wOHhkhlg wkqj f;a j.d lrk ish¨u lDIs f;a mßlaIl jHdma;s ks,Odß fldÜGdY foaY.=‚l
mdßißl l,dmhka ys ^AER& ld,.=K úm¾hdihka ksid úm¾hdihkag f.dÿre ùfï by< wjodkula iy
we;sjk wjodkï ldKav ;=klg ^by< wjodku iys;" ;rul wjodkula iys; fõ' b;sß f;a mßlaIl jHdma;s
;rul wjodku iys; iy wvq wjodku iys;$wjodku ks,Odß fldÜGdY wvq wjodkula iys; fyda wjodkï
rys;& f,i j¾. lr we;’ fï i|yd jir 49 l ld,.=K rys; l,dm fõ'
o;a; ^j¾Idm;kh iy WIaK;ajh& iy f;a j.d lrk
m%foaYhkays mdxY= ,laIK i,ld n,d we;' f;a j.d lghq;= ie,iqï lsÍfï § my; j.=fõ
oelafjk tla tla f;a mÍlaIl jHdma;s ks,OdÍ
fldÜGdYhka we;=<;a lDIs mdßißl l,dmhkays
j.=j 2( ld,.=K úm¾hdi ksid wjodkï iys; lDIs mdßißl
foaY.=‚l úm¾hdi n,mEï úNjh tkï wjodku
l,dm ldKav ^úfÊr;ak iy pkaømd, ^2013& iys; nj ms<sn| ie,ls,a,g f.k lghq;= l< hq;= h'
by< wjodkula iys; ;rul wjodkula iys;
(Highly vulnerable) (Vulnerable) tla tla lDIs mdßißl l,dmhkaf.a j¾Idm;k
WL1a WM2a IM2b WM1a IM1a IU3a rgdjka weñKqu 2 ys olajd we;s w;r ta wkqj" j.d
WL1b WM2b IM3a WM1b IM2a IU3d lghq;= ie,iqï lsÍug f;a mÍlaIl jHdma;s ks,OdÍka
WL2a WM3a (,B WM3b IU3e lghq;= l< hq;= h'

j.=j 3( ld,.=K úm¾hdi wjodkï iys; lDIs mdßißl

l,dmh iy Wm ld¾hd,$f;a mßlaIl jHdma;s ks,OdÍ
fldÜGdY

Wm ld¾hd,h - ^f;a Wm ld¾hd,h - ^f;a

by< ;rul
mÍlaIl jHdma;s mÍlaIl jHdma;s
wjodkula wjodkula
ks,OdÍ fldÜGdY& ks,OdÍ fldÜGdY&
WL1a ó.y;ekak- ^ish¨ WM1a .sks.;afyak-
fldÜGdY& ^.sks.;afyak"
fydrK- ^is;djl& fmd,amsáh&
ysksÿu- ^ish¨
fldÜGdY& kdj,msáh-
l=reúg- ^.,a,E,a," ^fodf<diandf.a&
໒༆༇໎༂໵༊໷໽༦ weye,shf.dv"
༅Ⴔ໳ tr;ak" lsßwe,a," l=reúg- ^.s,Suf,a&
໳ༀ໽໠໎༂໵༊໷໽༦ fõje,aj;a;&
ksú;s., - ^wh.u" ksú;s.,-
ld,.=K úm¾hdihka ksid wjodkï iys; lDIs mdßißl l,dm ldKav l,jdk" ksú;s.,& ^l=l=f,a.u"
^úfÊr;ak iy pkaømd," 2013&
oer‚h.,- jeoaod.,&
^háhkaf;dg"
by; wOHhkfhka fy<s ù we;s lreKq wkqj kQßh" rejkaje,a,
foys´úg" ud,sfndv"
my;rg" ueorg iy W!j l,dmhka ys fndfyda m%foaY oer‚h.,&
foaY.=‚l úm¾hdihkag f.dÿre ùfï jeä wjodkula WL1b WM1b
fydrK- ^w.,j;a;" n,xf.dv - bTq,afm"
mj;sk nj;a tu ksid foaY.=‚l úm¾hdihkaf.ka fl<skalkao" u;=.u" je,sf.fmd,"
f;a j.djg jk wys;lr n,mEï wju lsÍu i|yd nq,;aisxy," uy.u$ mskakj," n,xf.dv"
my;rg" ueorg iy W!j l,dmhkays f;a j.djka jrldf.dv" fydrK& rdiai.,
rlajdk - fmd;=msáh"
i|yd iqÿiq mshjr .ekSu w;HdjYH nj o fmkajd § udoïfm" rlajdk
we;' flfia kuq;a" Wvrg f;a j.d lrk m%foaYhka WL2a WM3b
wlaóuk" we,amsáh" ud;f,a- ish¨
idfmalaIj wvq wjodkulg uqyqK fokq we;' j÷rU- ^ish¨ fldÜGdY" j;af;a.u
fldÜGdY& - - j;af;a.u"
´mkdhl- n,xf.dv je/,a,.u
rlajdk- lyj;a;"
me,auvq,a,
foaY.=K iqyqre f;a j.d ;dlaIK
13
 Wm ld¾hd,h - ^f;a Wm ld¾hd,h - ^f;a • taldnoaO m<sfndaO" frda. iy j,a me< l<ukdlrKh"
by< ;rul
wjodkula
mÍlaIl jHdma;s
wjodkula
mÍlaIl jHdma;s wdÈh we;=<;a h'
ks,OdÍ fldÜGdY& ks,OdÍ fldÜGdY&
WM2a .ïfmd,- .ïfmd, IM1a yd,swe,-nÿ,a, fuu fmd;amsxp ;=< wvx.= jkafka" foaY.=‚l
kdj,msáh-
l=reÿj;a;" W,mfka
úm¾hdi i|yd jk wkqj¾;S Wmdh ud¾. f,i y÷kd
kdj,msáh" je,s. f.k we;s kj f;a j.d l%u jvd;a fyd¢ka l=vd f;a
ïfmd, bvï ;=< ia:dmkh lsÍug iïnkaO uQ,sl f;dr;=re
WM2b .srd.u- IM2a n,xf.dv - iy ;dlaIKhka h'
.kafkdarej" oka;=f¾ we,af,wrdj"
ue‚laÈfj," rlajdk -
jÜgmafmd," fldf,dkak
ykafoiai
WM3a .srd.u- .,f.or IU3a nKavdrfj,- ,shka.
yfj," ymqq;f,a
IM2b yd,swe,- ÆKq., IU3d
IM3a j;af;a.u IU3e nKavdrfj,-
-f;,afo‚h nUrmdk" ÆKqj;a;"
je,suv
(,B yÕ=rkafl;- ish¨
fldÜGdY
.ïfmd,- mqmq/iai
j;af;a.u -
fyajdyeg

ñksia l%shdldrlï ksid jdhqf.da,hg O3" CFC" CH4"

kshÕfhka ydkshg m;a jQ f;a j.djla
N2O" iy CO2 jeks yß;d.dr jdhq ^GHG& tl;= ùfï
m%;sM,hla f,i ñys;,h WKqiqï ùu we;=¿ foaY.=‚l
iuia;hla f,i .;a l< mßir ys;ldó f;a j.d l%u
úm¾hdihka isÿùu f;a j.djg o ;¾ckhla jk nj
wkq.ukh u.ska foaY.=K fjkia ùï ksid j.djkag
mqfrdal:kh lr we;'
jk n,mEu fuka u j.djka ksid mßirhg$foaY.=Khg
isÿ úh yels n,mEï o wju lr .; yels nj fndfyda
fuu foaY.=‚l úm¾hdihkaf.a n,mEï kï" kshÕh fofkl= ms<s.kakd i;Hhls'
fyda .xj;=r" wkfmalaIs; j¾Idm;k rgdj" mdxY=
.=Kd;aulNdj wvq ùu" m<sfndaO ydks iy frda.
by< hk ksIamdok úhoug iy mqyqKq Y%ñl ysÕhg
fndaùu jeä ùu" f;a .=Kd;aul Ndjhg n,mEu wdÈh
ms<shula f,i" iqyqre j.d ;dlaIKhka f.dùka w;r
fõ'
m%p,s; lsÍug wka;¾cd,h;a" iqyqre cx.u ÿrl:k
4'1 foaY.=‚l úm¾hdihkaf.a n,mEï i|yd uQ,sl wkqj¾;S Ndú;h;a taldnoaO jQ ;dlaIK yqjudre l%ufõohka
Wmdh ud¾. ^%DVLFDGDSWLRQVWUDWHUJLHVLQWHD¿HOGV& yryd ld¾hlaIu lDIs jHdma;s fiajhla mj;ajd
.ekSug;a fuys we;=<;a f;dr;=re w;aje,la jkq we;'
• foaY.=‚l úm¾hdihkag ^kshÕh" c, .e,au" WKqiqï
foaY.=‚l ;;a;ajhka hkdÈ& fyd¢ka Tfrd;a;= fok
f;a m%fNAo j.d lsÍu" jeä ÈhqKq l< îc f;a me<
iy noaO f;a me< j.d lsÍu'

• kej; f;a j.d lsÍu$w¨;ska f;a j.d lsÍu i|yd

b;du;a fhda.H bvï muKla f;dard .ekSu'

• mi iy mdxY= f;;ukh wdrlaId lr .ekSug iy

jeis c,h tla /ia lsÍug mshjr .ekSu"

• f;a bvïj, mdxY= ldnksl øjH m%udKh jeä ÈhqKq

lsÍu'

• f;a m÷re jgd we;s laIqø mßirh ÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd

fijK Ydl ia:dmkh iy l<ukdlrKh'

14 cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh - 2021

05 Suitable planting materials for tea cultivation

f;a j.dj i|yd iqÿiq frdamK

øjH Ndú;h
foaY.=K fjkia ùï ksid isÿjk n,mEï wju lr 6'bvu f;aÍu" ìu ilia lsÍu" mi mqkqre;a:dmkh
.ekSu i|yd jvd;a fhda.H j.d l%uhka w;r iqÿiq wd§ ish¨ ks¾foaYs; j.d lghq;= fyd¢ka isÿ lrkak'
frdamK øjH Ndú;h uq,a ;ekla .kS'

f;a îc frdamKh u.ska idod.kakd f;a me< ^Seedling j.=j 4( kshÕhg fyd¢ka Tfrd;a;= fok f;a m%fNao
tea&uqÿka uq,la iys; ksid tajd kshx ;;a;ajhkag
jvd;a fyd¢ka Tfrd;a;= fok nj fmkS f.dia we;' kshÕhg fyd¢ka Tfrd;a;= fok f;a m%fNao
kuq;a îc f;a j.dj idfmalaIj wvq wiajekakla ,nd Wvrg ueorg W!j my;rg
fok ksid ßls,s f;a ^Vegetatively Propagated tea& j.d TRI 4085 TRI 4071 TRI 4078 TRI 4061 TRI 3022
lsÍu jvd;a jdisodhl h' ßls,s f;a m%fNao fkdfyd;a TRI 4079 TRI 4053 TRI 4071 TRI 4059 TRI 3014
f;a laf,dak j.dj jvd;a id¾:l ùug kï tla TRI 4078 TRI 4047 TRI 4053 TRI 4055 TRI 2027

tla m%foaYhkag ks¾foaYs; f;a m%fNao j.d l< hq;= TRI 4071 TRI 4046 TRI 4052 TRI 4054 TRI 2025
TRI 4067 TRI 4042 TRI 4046 TRI 4053 TRI 2022
h' tfuka u kshÕhg fukau wfkl=;a wys;lr
TRI 4053 TRI 4006 TRI 4042 TRI 4052 S 106
;;a;ajhkag fydÈka Tfrd;a;= fok f;a m%fNao f;dard TRI 4052 TRI 3025 TRI 3035 TRI 4049 KP 204
.ekSfuka f;a j.dfjka by< M,odhs;djla yd ;sridr TRI 3073 TRI 3020 TRI 3022 TRI 4047 H 1/58
njla wfmalaId l< yel' TRI 3072 TRI 3019 TRI 3019 TRI 4043 DG7
TRI 3020 TRI 3014 TRI 3013 TRI 4042 DG39
f;a m¾fhaIK wdh;kh úiska tla tla f;a j.d TRI 3019 TRI 3013 TRI 2027 TRI 4014
m%foaYhka i|yd ks¾foaYs; f;a m%fNaohka iy tajdfha TRI 3013 TRI 2027 TRI 2025 TRI 4006
TRI 2025 TRI 2025 TRI 2022 TRI 4004
hym;a .;s ,laIK weuqKqu 3 hgf;a olajd we;'
TRI 777 DN DN TRI 3055
DT1 DG7 DG7 TRI 3052
5'1 ßls,s f;a j.dj ia:dmkh lsÍu ^Establishement of a DN DG39 DG39 TRI 3051
93WHD¿HOG& CY9 CY9 TRI 3025

5'1'1 ßls,s f;a j.dj ia:dmkh lsÍfï § my; i|yka

lreKq ms<sn| ie,ls,su;a úh hq;=h'
1'wod< j.d m%foaYh i|yd ks¾foaYs; f;a m%fNao
muKla f;dard .kak'
2'ta m%foaYhkays nyq,j olakg ,efnk frda. m<sfndaO
ydksj,g Tfrd;a;=fok$m%;sfrdaë m%fNao f;dard
.kak'
3'bvfï mdxY= ;;a;ajh t;rï fhda.H ke;s kï
b;d by< wiajekakla wfmalaId fkdlr" uOHu
m%udKfha wiajekakla iy kshÕhg Tfrd;a;= §fï
yelshdj i,ld n,kak'
4'tla bvï fldgil tla f;a m%fNaohla muKla j.d
fkdlr tu m%foaYh i|yd ks¾foaYs; m%fNao lSmhla
j.d lrkak'
5'bvfï fndr¿ m%;sY;h jeä ia:dkhka ys ßls,s
f;a j.d fkdlr jeä ÈhqKq l< îc f;a me< j.d
lrkak'
5'2 îc f;a j.dj ia:dmkh lsÍu
^(VWDEOLVKHPHQWRIDVHHGOLQJWHD¿HOG&
fndfyda wjia:dj, § îc me< kshx ;;a;ajhkag by<
Tfrd;a;= §fï yelshdjla fmkakqï lrk ksid kqiqÿiq
mia iys; bvïys îc f;a me< j.d lsÍu iqÿiq h'
îc ,nd .ekSug Tn i;= îc f;a Whkla fkdue;s
kï f;a m¾fhaIK wdh;kfhka fyda îc Whkla
i;= j;=hdhlska Tng wjYH îc weKjqï lrkak'
f;a îc lsf,da .%Euhl îc 250-450 w;r ixLHdjla
we;s kuq;a f;a îcj, ÔjH;dj flá ksid ;jdkla
wdrïN lrk f;la îc wdrlaIs;j .nvd lr ;nkak'
5'3 f;a îc .nvd lsÍu ^Storage of tea seeds&
fyd¢ka jd;dY%h ,efnk mßÈ fmd,s;ska u,a,l
wiqrd mßir WIaK;ajh hgf;a ;eîfuka Èk 5-7
muK ld,hla îcj, ÔjH;dj wdrlaId lr .; yel'
fmd,s;ska u¨j, wiqrd fi,aishia wxYl 5-7 w;r
WIaK;ajhl YS;lrKhl .nvd lsÍfuka i;s 6 l
muK ld,hla wdrlaIs;j ;nd .; yel'

foaY.=K iqyqre f;a j.d ;dlaIK

15

ÔjH;dj wdrlaIdjk mßÈ f;a îc .nvd lsÍu
5'4 f;a îc m%frdayKh ^Tea seed germination&
fï i|yd my; mshjr wkq.ukh lrkak'
1' f;a îc meh Nd.hl muK ld,hla c, Ndckhl ;nd
c,fha u;=msg mdfjk îc bj;a lrkak'
2' ;jdfka isgqùug fmr meh 24 48 muK ld,hla îc c,fha
fmdÕjd .kak'
3' msßiqÿ je,s fhdod ilia l< md;a;shl fi'ó 1'25 2'5 ^wÕ,a
0'5 1& w;r .eUqrl îc ;ekam;a lrkak' îc m%frdayKh
i|yd i;s 4¡6 muK .;fõ'
4' m%frdayKh ù îc uq,a u;= jQ îc mia mqrjd .;a fmd,s;Ska
u¨j,g udre lrkak'
5' b;sß ;jdka lghq;= ish,a, ßls,s f;a ;jdkl wdldrhgu
isÿ lrk kuq;a îc f;a ;jdka i|yd fijK ,nd §u wjYH
ke;'
6' udi 9 isg 12 olajd ld,hla ;=< îc me< j.d lsÍug
iQodkï fõ'
îc me, fmd,s;Ska u¨ j,g udre lsÍu
16 cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh - 2021
5'5 ßls,s f;a ;jdka l<ukdlrKh
^Management of a VP tea nursery&
idudkH ;jdkl iïmQ¾K jevms<sfj, fláfhka
my; i|yka jqj o fuu fmd;a msxp ;=< úia;r
lrkqfha mßir ys;ldó f,i fuka u msßjeh iy
Y%uh wvq lr .ksñka f;a ;jdkla mj;ajd f.k hdug
WmldÍjk f;a ;jdka ;dlaIKhka mu‚'
ßls,s f;a me< ksmojd .ekSfï jev ms<sfj,( ;jdka Èk
o¾Ykh wkq.ukh" ;jdk msysgq ùu i|yd iqÿiq ia:dkhla
f;dard .ekSu" f;a ;jdka md;a;s ieliSu" fijK iemhSu
^lels,a, fh¥ my;a fijK" ,Kq meÿre iys; my;a
fijK" ,Kq meÿre fyda lD;su khsf,daka oe,a iys; Wia
fijK&" frdamK udOH f;dard .ekSu" mia OQulrKh"
frdamK øjH iQodkï lr .ekSu" fmd,s;ska u¨ ieliSu
iy frdamK udOH mqrjd .ekSu" f;a ßls,s isgq ùu" c,h
fh§u" fmdfydr fh§u" frda. m<sfndaO md,kh wd§
lghq;=" me< kej; weisÍu" me< mqyqKq lsÍu" me< oeä
lsÍu iy lafIa;%hg me< ksl=;a lsÍu
5'6 f;a ;jdka u,af,a Odß;dj wvq lsÍu
f;a ;jdka u,a,la i|yd ks¾foaYs; ñkqï jQfha m<, ^mia
msrùug fmr/D\ÀDW& fi'ó' 12'7 ^wÕ,a 5& fyda mia msrùfuka
miq úIalïNh fi'ó' 8'1 ^wÕ,a 3'2& iy Wi wju fi'ó' 23
^wÕ,a 9& ls'
flfia kuq;a" f;a me<h j¾Okhg ndOdjla fkdjk
mßÈ f;a ;jdka u,af,a Odß;dj wvq lsÍug f;a
m¾fhaIK wdh;kh lghq;= lr we;'
f;a ;jdka u,af,a kj ñkqï kï¦
mia msrùug fmr m<, fi'ó' 10'2
^wÕ,a 4& fyda mia msrùfuka miq
úIalïNh fi'ó' 6'5 ^wÕ,a 2'5& iy
wju Wi fi'ó' 17'8 ^wÕ,a 7& h'
f;a ;jdk u,a,l ks¾foaYs; ñkqï
fjkia lsÍfuka ;jdka u,a,la
msrùug wjYH mia m%udKh" wjYH
fmd,s;Ska m%udKh iy ;jdka
md;a;sfha bv m%udKh wvq lr .;
yel'
j.=j 5( f;a ;jdka u,a,l ks¾foaYs; ñkqï
mer‚ ks¾foaYs; kj ks¾foaYs; ñkqï
ñkqï wkqj ^23 x 12'7 wkqj ^17'7 x 10'1
f;a ;jdkl
cm ^9˜ x 5˜& x 150 cm ^7˜ x 4˜& x 150
gauge& gauge&
fmd,s;Ska ls'.%Euhlska
400 - 450 800 - 850
u¨
y,d ilia l< mia
>k ógrhlska u¨ 800 fyda 1500 fyda
fyda ^mia lshqnhlska ^2"200& muK ^4"200& muK
u¨&
;jdfka j¾.
ógrhl ;eìh yels 120 220
me< ixLHdj
5'7 ;jdka frdamK udOHh f,i wdl,k øjH ^Additives&
tl;= lsÍu
frdamK udOHh f,i ;jdklg iqÿiq mia iuÕ
ks¾foaYs; wdl,k øjH ñY% lsÍfuka mia wjYH;dj
30] - 50] muK m%udKhlska wvq lr .; yels neúka
mi OQulrKh i|yd wjYHjk ridhk øjH m%udKh
o" uq¿ msßjeh o 30] - 50] lska muK o wvq lr .;
yel'
;jdka frdamK udOHh f,i fhdod .ekSug fhda.H
mia ,nd .ekSfï wmyiqj j¾;udkfha f;a j.dlrejka
uqyqK fok m%Odk .eg¨jls' fuu .eg¨jg úi÷ula
f,i f;a m¾fhaIK wdh;kh úiska frdamK udOHh
f,i mia iuÕ ñY% lr Ndú;hg fjk;a úl,am
ldnksl øjH tkï" fyd¢ka ÈrE bj;,k f;a"
fldyqn;a iy oyhshd ks¾foaY lr we;'
bj;,k f;a ^Refuse tea& ( ;jdka u¨ iïmQ¾Kfhkau msrùu
i|yd fyd¢ka ÈrE bj;,k f;a fhdod .; yelsjk w;r mia
iuÕ 1(1 wkqmd;hg ñY% lr Ndú;hg .ekSu jvd;a fhda.H
h'
oyhshd ^Paddy husk& ( oyhshd mia iuÕ 1(1 wkqmd;hg fyda
1(2 wkqmd;hg ñY% lr Ndú;d l< yel' úh<s m%foaYhkays
;jdka i|yd oyhshd mia iuÕ 1(2 wkqmd;hg ñY% lr Ndú;
lsÍu jvd;a fhda.H h'
fldyqn;a ^Coir dust& ( iïmQ¾Kfhkau ;jdka u¨ msrùu
i|yd fldyqn;a o Ndú;d l< yels kuq;a 1(1 wkqmd;hg mia
iuÕ ñY% lr Ndú;hg .ekSu jvd;a fhda.H h'
fuu wdl,k øjH mia iuÕ ia;r wdldrhg ;jdka
u¨ msrùu i|yd fyda mia iuÕ ñY%lr ;jdka u¨
msrùu i|yd Ndú; l< yel'
5'8 fmd,s;Ska l=àr f;a ;jdka
^Propagator/Polythene tent nursery&
fmd,s;Ska l=àr ;jdkla ^Propagator&
f;a ;jdkla ilia lsÍfï § frdamK øjH ^f;a ßls,s&
imhd .ekSug jeä úhoula oeÍug isÿjk w;r ;jdk
mj;ajdf.k hdfï § c,h fh§u i|yd jeä Y%uhla
jeh lsÍug isÿfõ'
f;a ßls,s isgqjd uq,a udi 2 - 3 w;r ld,h fmd,s;Ska
l=àrhla fkdfyd;a fm%dmf.agrhla ;=< f;a ßls,s
jeãug ie,eiaùfuka tu ld,h ;=< c,h fh§u i|yd
jeh jk Y%uh iy c, m%udKh wvq lr .; yel' ;j
o" fmd,s;Ska l=àrh ;=< mj;sk by< wd¾ø;djh iy
WIaK;ajh ksid ßls,s uq,a weoa§u o by< m%;sY;hla
.kS'
5'8'1 fmd,s;Ska l=àr ;jdkla idod .kakd wdldrh
• ñ,s óg¾ 10 ^wÕ,a 3$8& muK >klulska hq;a hlv l+re fyda
WK m;=re Ndú; lr óg¾ 1'2 ^m<, 4& m<, úYalïNfhka
hq;a wvljdldr wdrelal=jla idod .; hq;= h' wdrelal=fõ
fl<jr óg¾ 0'3 ^wä 1& la muK .eUqrg fmdf<dj ;=<g
iú l< hq;= h'
• fujeks wvljdldr mÜgï folla w;r mr;rh óg¾ 2
^wä 6'5& muK úh hq;= w;r fuu mÜgï hlv l+re fyda
WK m;=re u.ska tlsfkl iïnkaO l< hq;= h'
• fuu fmd,s;Ska l=àr ilia l< hq;af;a ,Kq meÿre fyda
khsf,daka oe,a fh¥ uOHu fyda Wia fijK jHqyhka
;=< h'
• fuu fmd,s;Ska l=àr ;=< weiqrE ;jdka u¨j, ßls,s
isgqùfuka wk;=rej ;jdka u¨ iy md;a;s fydÈka f;fuk
fia c,h fhdod f.aÊ 300 muK >klñka hq;a mdroDIH
fmd,s;Ska w;=rKqjla wvljdldr rduqj u; we;sßh hq;= h'
• fmd,s;Ska w;=reKqfõ ish¨u me;sj, fl<jr wÕ,a
9 la muK mi ;=<g hg lr fmd,s;Ska l=àrh fyd¢ka
jdhqfrdaOk ùug ie,eiaúh hq;= h'
• bkamiq ;jdka md;a;s j,g c,h fh§u wjYH fkdjk
w;r uq,È fh¥ c,h l=àrh ;=<u ixirKh fjñka ßls,s
j¾Okhg c, wjYH;dj bgq lrhs'
fuu l=àrh ;=< fï wdldrhg ßls,s udi 2-3 muK
ld,hla mj;ajdf.k hd yels w;r fmd,s;Ska l=àrfha
isÿre we;aoehs ksrka;rfhka mÍlaId lr ne,sh hq;=
h' tfia we;akï ta i|yd jydu ms<shï fhÈh hq;=
w;r ßls,s úh<S hk njla fmfka kï jydu c,h
fhÈh hq;= h' udi ;=kl muK ld,hlg miq mshjr
lSmhlska fmd,s;Ska w;=rKqj bj;a l< hq;= h'
wkqch .%dyl .%ylwkqc ixhqla;
^Propagator& ^Stock& ßls,a,
5'9 noaO f;a me< ilid .ekSu ^Cleft grafting&
wvq j¾Idm;k ;;a;ajh fyda kshx ;;a;ajh ksid
we;s jk mdxY= c, W!k;djg uqyqK §ug yelshdj
we;s f;a m%fNao rdYshla f;a m¾fhaIK wdh;kh
úiska ks¾foaY lr we;' tajdhska ie,lsh hq;= m%fNao
ixLHdjla kshÕhg by< Tfrd;a;= §fï yelshdjla
fmkakqï lrkq ,enqj;a idudkHfhka ksIamdol;dj
wvq njla fmkajhs' úfYaIfhka kshÕhg Tfrd;a;=
fok 75,'16&<75,75,75,
TRI 4067 jeks f;a m%fNao ,nd fokafka uOHu m%udKhl
wiajekakls' fuu .eg¨jg úi÷ula f,i kshÕhg
foaY.=K iqyqre f;a j.d ;dlaIK
17
Tfrd;a;= §fï yelshdj iy by< ksIamdol;dj hk
,laIK folu tl;= lr f;a me<hla ks¾udKh lsÍu
i|yd f;a noaO lsÍu y÷kajd § we;' f;aj, Ndú;
lrk id¾:l noaO lsÍfï l%uh me¨ï-ßls,s noaOh
^cleft grafting& f,i y÷kajkq ,nhs'
me¨ï ßls,s noaOfha § .%dyl ^Stock& f,i kshÕhg
Tfrd;a;= fok m%fNao Ndú;d lrk w;r wkqch ^Scion&
f,i jeä wiajekakla fok f;a m%fNao fhdod .kS'
fuu .%dyl - wkqc iïnkaOhg wkql+,;djla olajk
f;a m%fNao hq., lSmhla f;a m¾fhaIK wdh;kh
úiska ks¾foaY lr we;' kshÕhg Tfrd;a;= fok f;a
me<hla ilia lr .ekSug úúO f;a j.d l,dmhka
i|yd ks¾foaYs; wkqc .%dyl m%fNao ixfhdackhka j.=
wxl 6 ys olajd we;'
j.=j 6( kshÕhg Tfrd;a;=fok noaO f;a me< idod
.ekSug tla tla m%foaY i|yd fhda.H m%fNao ixfhdack
my;rg ueorg Wvrg
wkqch .%dylh wkqch .%dylh wkqch
^Scion& ^Stock& ^Scion& ^Stock& ^Scion&
TRI 2025 DG 39 TRI 2026 DN TRI 2023
TRI 2026 DG 39 TRI 2023 CY 9
TRI 2026 H 1/58
TRI 3025 H 1/58
5'9'1 kshÕhg Tfrd;a;=fok jeä wiajekakla iys;
noaO f;a me<hla iE§u
• fï i|yd kshÕhg Tfrd;a;= fok iy jeä wiajekakla
fok f;a m%fNao follska" ;jdkl isgqùu i|yd fhda.H
m%udKhg fïrE ßls,s len,s fhdod .kshs'
• fuu ixfhdackfha by< fldgi fkdfyd;a wkqch"
mdoia:h fikaáógr 1'5 ^wÕ,a 0'5& l muK È.lska hq;a
;ks m;%hla iys; ßls,s lene,a,la jk w;r th l+[a[hla
wdldrhg lmd .; hq;= h'
• my, fldgi fkdfyd;a .%dylh o ;ks m;%hla iys;
ßls,s lene,a,la jk w;r tys m;%hg by<ska we;s fldgi
fikaáógr 2'5 ^wÕ,a 1& muK úh hq;= w;r tys fikaáógr
1'5 ^wÕ,a 0'5& la muK .eUqrg me¨ula iEÈh hq;= h'
• wkqch fldgfia ilia lr we;s l+[a[h .%dylfha
me¨ug" m;% msysàu tlsfklg m%;súreoaO Èidjkays msysgk
fia" iïnkaO lr fmd,s;ska máhlska fyd¢ka T;d .eg
.ikq ,nhs' fuu .%yl wkqc ixhqla; ßls,a, ;jdka
u,a,l isgqjd fyd¢ka /l n,d .; hq;= h'
• fuu noaO ßls,s fyd¢ka j¾Okh ùug wjYH wd¾ø;djh
jeks mßir ;;a;aj ,nd §u i|yd fuu ;jdka me<
fmd,s;Ska wdjrK ;jdkl jeãug ie,eiaúh hq;= h'
• noaO ßls,sj, j¾Okh ksrka;rfhka ksÍlaIKh l<
hq;= w;r wkqc .%yl iïnkaOhg msáka yg.kakd ish¨u
wxl=r bj;a l< hq;= h'
18 cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh - 2021
5'10 f;a ;jdka i|yd ffcj mg,‚ ffcj fmdfydr
fh§u ^Bio-Filmed Bio-Fertilizer&
;uka me< i|yd fmdaIl iemhSfï § c,fha Èhfjk
fmdfydr j¾.hla Ndú; lsÍu w;HjYH lreKls'
fuys § ridhksl fmdfydr Ndú;fhka iïmQ¾Kfhka
je<lS isàu wmyiq jk w;r tajdfha Ndú;h wvq lsÍu
i|yd fhda.H mshjr .ekSu ms<n
s | fidhd ne,sh hq;=
h' fhdok T65 ridhksl fmdfydr wjYH;dj 50]
muK wvq lsÍug ffcj mg, ffcj fmdfydr ^BFBF&
Ndú;fhka yels nj úoHd;aulj ;yjqre ù we;' fuu
ffcj fmdfydr fjf<| fmdf<ka ,nd .; yels w;r
;jdka i|yd tajd Ndú;d lrk wdldrh my; oelafõ'
ffcj mg, ffcj fmdfydr hkq È,Sr mg,hla u;
jefvk rhsfid nelaàßhd ckmohka iys; ffcj
fmdfydr ñY%Khls' fuh ;=< khsgc % ka ;sr lrk
nelaàßhd úfYaI" mfia ;sr jQ fmdiamria Èh lrk
nelaàßhd úfYaI iy Ydl j¾Okh Èßu;a lrk
nelaàßhd úfYaI wvx.= h'
.%dylh
^Stock& • ;jdfka ßls,j
s , uq,a yg .;a miq iqmr
q eÿ f,i c,h ,Sg¾ 5 l
CY 9 T65 fmdfydr .%Eï 35 ne.ska Èh lr ;jdfka j¾. ógrhl
m%udKhl we;s me< i|yd fhdokak'
• i;s follg miq kej; c,h ,Sg¾ 5 l T65 fmdfydr .%Eï
35 la Èh lr thg BFBF ñ,s ,Sg¾ 1'25 ne.ska ñY% lr j¾.
ógrhl me< i|yd fhdokak'
• me< isgù
q fuka udi 5 6 lg miq fhdok fmdfydr m%udKh
fo.=Khla tkï .%Eï 70 olajd jeä lr thg BFBF ,s ,Sg¾
1'25 ne.ska ñY% lr iEu uilgu jrla ;jdka me<j,g
fhdokak'
• u,a nd,aÈhla Ndú;fhka fuu fmdfydr ñY%Kh ;jdka me<
u;g fhdok w;r" m;% u;g jegqKq fmdfydr fyd¢ka fia§
hk mßÈ kej; msßiqÿ c,h ;jdka me< u;g fhdokak'
5'11 md¿ isgù
q u i|yd úYd, me<
^cïfnda me< Jumbo plants& ilia lr .ekSu
jevqKq f;a j.djl md¿ isgùq u i|yd jvd;a u fhda.H
wjia:dj f;a m÷re lmamdÿ lsÍfuka miqj h' tu
wjia:dfõ § w¨;ska isgj q k f;a me,j,g ndOdjlska
f;drj j¾Okh ùug hï ld,hla bv ,efí' tfia jqj
o" isgjq k ,o me< id¾:l f;a m÷rla njg m;a lr
.ekSug kï fyd¢ka jevqKq ksfrda.S me< isgúq h hq;= h'
tu ksid iïu; m%udKhg jvd úYd, fmd,s;k s a u¨j,
isgjQ úYd, m%udKh f;a me, fhdod .; hq;= w;r tjeks
f;a me< ilia lr .ekSug my; i|yka mshjr wkq.
ukh l< hq;= h'
• ñkqï 150 l >Klu we;s fmd,s;k
s "a
• mia msrùug fmr m<, fi'ó' 15 ^wÕ,a 6& fyda mia msrùfuka
miq úIalïNh fi'ó' 9'6 ^wÕ,a 3'8& iy
• wju Wi fi'ó' 30 ^wÕ,a 12& m%udKfha fmd,s;k
s a u¨ ilid
.; hq;= h'
wfkl=;a ;jdka lghq;= idudkH f;a ;jdkl fuka isÿ
lrk w;r fuu f;a me< udi 15 - 18 muK ld,hla
;jdka ;=< ;nd /l n,d .; hq;= h'
06 (VWDEOLVKPHQWDQGPDLQWHQDQFHRIDQHZWHDƩHOG
f;a j.djla kej; ia:dmkh lsÍu
iy l<ukdlrKh
mer‚ îc f;a j.djla bj;a lr tu N+ñfhys kj f;a
j.djla ia:dmkh lsÍfï § wkq.ukh lsÍug ks¾foaYs;
m%Odk mshjr my; i|yka mßÈ h'
1' kej; f;a j.d lsÍug wfmalaIs; bvfuys fhda.H;dj
mÍlaId lsÍu
2' mer‚ îc j.dj bj;a lr bvu uq,a¨ lr kej; ilia
lsÍu
3' mdxY= yd f;;uk ixrlaIK jHQyhka f.dv ke.Su
4' mqkre;a:dmkh lsÍu i|yd ks¾foaYs; ;DK j.d lr
mj;ajdf.k hEu
5' fijK Ydl j.d lsÍu iy ksis mßÈ l<ukdlrKh
6' jir 1 1 1/2 ld,hlg miq mqkre;a:dmk ;DK bj;a
lsÍu
7' f;a isgqùu" kj j.dj /l n,d .ekSu iy o¿ fk,k
wjêhg f.k tau
8' úh<s ld,.=K ;;a;aj hgf;a § kj j.dj /l n,d
.ekSu" c, iïmdokh
9' fmdfydr fh§u" frda. yd m<sfndaO ydks j,‘ka f.ka
wdrlaId lr .ekSu
f;a j.djla kej; ia:dmkh lsÍfï iy l<ukdlrKfha
iïmQ¾K jev ms<f s j, fláfhka by; i|yka jqj o
mßir ys;ldó f,i fuka u msßjeh iy Y%uh wvq lr
.ksñka f;a j.djla kej; ia:dmkh lr mj;ajd f.k
hdug WmldÍ jk f;a j.d ;dlaIKh muKla fuys
úia;r lrhs'
6'1 kej; j.d lsÍu i|yd bvula f;dard .ekSu
^Land selection for replanting&
f;a hkq wju jYfhka jir 35-50 l muK ld,hla
mj;ajdf.k hd hq;= nyq jd¾Isl fnda.hls' fujeks
j.djla wdrïN lsÍug úYd, uqo,la wdfhdack l< hq;=
w;r fuu wdfhdackfhka ksis m%;M s , ,eîug kï jvd
fhda.H bvï f;a j.dj i|yd f;dard .; hq;= h' úYd,
mßudK j;= yd l=vd f;a bvï hk ldKav folg u fuh
wod< h' úYd, j;=hdhkays ks¾foaY; s ks¾kdhlhkag
wkql, + j f;dard .ekSu i|yd wjYH ;rï N+ñh we;;a
l=vd f;a j;= ysñhkag j.d bvï iSñ; h' flfia kuq;"a
kqiÿq iq bvul f;a j.d lr wid¾:l f;a j.djla ysñ lr
.kakjdg jvd tu bvu jvd;a fhda.H fjk;a j.djla
i|yd fhduq lsÍu {dKdkaú; h'
6'2 kej; j.dj i|yd bvï f;aÍfï ks¾kdhlhka
^Land selection criteria&
fmr j.dfõ wiajkq o;a; úuid ne,Su( fmr j.dj
wdrïNfha isg wvq wiajekakla jd¾;d ù we;s kï
f;a j.dj i|yd tu bvfï hï iSudldÍ idOlhla
fyda idOl lsyms hla ;sìh yel' hï ld,hl § by<
wiajekakla ,nd § miqj wiajekak wvq ù we;akï bvfï
j.d lr we;s îc j.dfõ fyda m%fNaohkays .eg¨" frda.
yd m<sfndaO .eg¨" ;sî we;a oehs fidhd ne,sh hq;= h'
bvfï nEjqu( ueorg 55] jvd jeä fyda Wvrg iy
my;rg 70] jvd jeä fkdúh hq;= h' bvfï nEjqï
m%;Y
s ;h ks¾Kh i|yd wdk;sudKh ^Clinometer&
Ndú; l< yel'
࿛໽ ໱
wdk;sudKh
(Clinometer)
mdxY= me;slv( mfia .eUqr fi'ó'70 ^wÕ,a 28& g jvd wvq"
fmdf<dj u;=mg s we;s bj;a l< fkdyels .,a m%;Y s ;h
20] jvd jeä" fi'ó 50 olajd jk mdxY= ia:rfha fndr¨
m%;Y
s ;h 50] g jvd jeä bvï kej; f;a j.dj i|yd
f;dard .ekSfuka je<lS isáh hq;= h'
bvfï c, jykh( fkd.eUqre" c,h r|k my;a ìï"
l=Ur
q e" we<fod< iómfhys c,jykh ÿ¾j, bvï f;dard
.ekSfuka je<lS isáh hq;= h'
6'3 kej; j.d lsÍug fmr ìu ieliSu ^Land preparation&
f;dard .;a bvfï we;s ish¨u Ydl iy bj;a l< yels
u;=mgs .,a bj;a lr" mi wÕ,a 18 la muK .eUqrg uq,¨
a
lr" .,a uq,a wdÈh bj;a lr" mfia ;o ia:rh nqre,a
l< hq;= h' fuh úhou wêl ld¾hhla f,i fmkqk
o jir .Kkdjla mqrd tlu j.djla ;snK q q bvula
kej; tjeksu j.djla i|yd Ndú; lsÍug fmr fï
wdldrhg mi nqre,a lsÍu b;du;a w;HjYH ld¾hhls'
bvu ieliSfï lghq;= lïlrejka fhdod isÿ l<
yels kuq;a ta i|yd jeä úhoula fukau jeä ld,hla
o jehjk ksid j¾;udkfha fndfyda j.dlrejka
nela-fyda ^back-hoe& jeks ìï ilik hka;% fhdod
.ksñka fuu lghq;; a jvd;a ld¾hlaIu j bgq lr .kS'
foaY.=K iqyqre f;a j.d ;dlaIK
19
6'4 ìï ieliSu i|yd hka;% Ndú;h
^Use of machineries for land preparation&
fï i|yd ydrk hka;% ^excavator& fyda nela-fyda
^back-hoe& jeks ìï ilik hka;% fhdod .; yel' bvfï
msyà
s u" bvug <Õd ùug we;s myiqj" bvfï jmißh
wd§ lreKq i,ld n,d .e,fmk m%udKfha hka;% fï
i|yd fhdod .; hq;= h'
bvfï we;s mer‚ f;a .ia .e,ùu" mer‚ fijK
.ia .,jd bj;a lsÍu" u;=mg
s we;s .,a l=Üá bj;a lsÍu"
mi .eUqrg nqre,a lsÍu yd kej; uÜgï lsÍu jeks
ld¾hhka fujeks hka;% ;=<k‘ a ld¾hlaIu j isÿ lr .;
yel'
fujeks hka;% Ndú;h j¾Id ld,h wdrïNhg fmr isÿ
lr wjika l< hq;= w;r tu lghq;; a wjika jQ jydu
mi yd f;;ukh iq/lSug wjYH .,ajeá" ldKq jeks
mdxY= yd f;;uk ixrlaIK jHQyhka ieliSu wdrïN
l< hq;= w;r" th m%udo fõ kï flá ld,Sk ms<h s ula
f,i mia msrjQ fmd,siela Ndú;d lr isÿ úh yels mdxY=
Ldokh j<lajd .; hq;= h'
kdh hdfï úNjhla iys; bvïj, fuka u wêl
nEjqï iys; bvïj, o fujeks hka;% Ndú;fhka je<lS
isáh hq;= h' j¾Id ld,h wdrïNhg fmr bvu ieliSfï
lghq;= fukau mdxY= ixrlaIK jHqyhka f.dv ke.Su o
wjika lr j¾Id ld,h wdrïNh;a iuÕ ;DK isgù q ug
iQodkñka isáh hq;= h'
fmd,s;Ska l=àr ;jdkla ^Propagator&
6'5 fy,au¨ wdldrhg j.d ìï ieliSu
^Terrace cultivation&
nEjqï iys; bvïj, f;a j.d lsÍfï § tu bvu
fy,au¨ wdldrhlg ilia lr f;a isgù q fuka bvfï
hka;% Ndú;h jvd myiq lrjhs' nela-fyda jeks hka;%
Ndú;fhka bvfï fy,au¨ ielish yel' flfia kuq;a
fy,au¨ ieliSfï § tajd Ldokh ùu yd lvd jeàu
j<lajd .ekSu i|yd .,a jeá jeks iqÿiq mdxY= ixrlaIK
jHqyhka iE§u;a" iejekaord ;DK jeá isgù q u;a" fy,au¨
nEjqïj, u,a rglcq jeks wdjrK fnda. isgù q u;a
flfrys wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= h'
20 cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh - 2021
fy,au¨ wdldrhg j.d ìï ieliSu
6'6 mi mqkre;a:dmkh lsÍfï wjYH;dj ;SrKh lsÍug
mdxY= ;;a;j
a o¾Yl w.h Ndú; lsÍu
;sridr f;a j.djla i|yd iqÿiq mßÈ mi ilia lr
.ekSu i|yd kej; f;a j.d lsÍug fmr tu bvfï
kshñ; ld,hla ks¾foaY;s ;DK j.d lr ;eîu id¾:l
j.d l%uhla nj úoHd;aulj ;yjqre lr we;' tkuq;a
fuu ld,h ;=< bvfuka wdodhula fkd,eîu ksid iy
ta i|yd oeÍug isÿjk wu;r msßjeh ksid fndfyda f;a
j.dlrejka mi mqkre;a:dmkhg t;rï leue;a;la
fkdolajhs'
fuu .eg¨jg úi÷ula f,i mi mqkre;a:dmkh
lsÍfï wjYH;dj iïnkaOj ;SrK .ekSug f;a
m¾fhaIKdh;kh y÷kajd ÿka kj ;dlaIKh —mdxY=
;;a;ja o¾Yl ^Soil Quality Index&˜ mÍlaIdj f,i y÷kajhs'
fuu ;dlaIKhg wkqj mfia we;s f;dard .;a fN!;sl"
ridhksl iy ffcj idOl lSmhla mÍlaId lr" tu o;a;
u; hï .Kkh lsÍulska wk;=rej tla tla m%foaYfha
mi mqkre;a:dmkh l<
miq ;sìh hq;= mdxY=
;;a;j a h ms<n s | ksYÑ
a ;
w.hla ;SrKh lr
we;' kej; j.d lsÍug
wfmalI a ;
s bvu mÍlaId
lr n,d ,nd .kakd by;
mrdñ;Skf a .a w.hka ta mdxY= ;;a;aj o¾Yl w.h ks¾Kh i|yd mia kshe£ka /ia lsÍu
m%foaYhkag kshñ; mdxY= ;;a;ja o¾Yl w.hg iudk
fyda Bg jeä kï tu bvu mqkre;a:dmkh lsÍulska
f;drj kej; f;a j.d lsÍu i|yd Ndú; l< yel'
6'6'1 mdxY= ;;a;j
a o¾Ylh ks¾Kh lsÍu i|yd mßlaId
lrkq ,nk mdxY= mrdñ;Ska kï¦
• mfia kslr >k;ajh ^Bulk density&"
• mfia we;s ,nd .; yels c, m%udKh ^Available water&"
• mdxY= ldnka m%;Ys ;h ^Soil carbon percentage&" iy
• mdxY= laIøq Ôùkaf.a ffcj ialkaOh ^Microbial bio mass&
flfia kuq;"a bvfï mdxY= ;;a;j a o¾Yl w.h
ks¾Kh lsÍug fmr tu bvfï uq,a frda." my; rg
iÔù oej fõhdf.a ydksh" jgmKq wdidok ;;a;j a hka
ms<n
s | fidhd ne,sh hq;= w;r tjeks ;;a;j a hka tlla
fyda jd¾;d ù we;akï kej; f;a j.d lsÍug fmr mi
mqkre;a:dmkh lsÍu wksjd¾h jk w;r" tfia fkdue;s
bvïj, mdxY= ;;a;j a o¾Yl w.h ks¾Kh lr ta ta
m%foaYhkaf.a ksYÑ
a ; mdxY= ;;a;j
a o¾Yl w.hka iuÕ
ixikaokh lr mi mqkre;a:dmkh ms<n s | ;SrKh .;
yel'
 07 6RLOFRQVHUYDWLRQLQWHDƩHOGV
f;a bvfï mdxY= ixrlaIK
f;a j.d lsÍu i|yd fndfyda úg fhdod .ekSug isÿ jkafka
nEjqï iys; bvï ksid fujeks bvïj, j.d lghq;= lsÍfï
§ mdxY= Ldokh ùug we;s bvlv b;du;a by< h' f;a j.d
lrk m%foaYhkag ,efnk wêl j¾Idm;kh fuu mdxY=
Ldok ;;a;ajh ;jÿrg;a by< kexùug fya;= ldrl fjhs'
tu ksid f;a j.d lrk bvfï mi ilia lsÍfuka wk;=rej
j¾Id ld,h wdrïN ùug fmr yels blaukska mdxY= ixrlaIK
jHqyhka ^.,a jeá" ldKq wdÈ& iE§u wksjd¾h wx.hls' fujeks
mdxY= ixrlaIK jHqyhka w;rg tlajqKq ;j;a wdldrhl
mdxY= ixrlaIK jHqyhla kï ffcj mdxY= ixrlaIK jHqyhka
h' bvfï fujeks mdxY= ixrlaIKh jHqyhka ia:dmkh
lsÍfuka bvfï mi ixrlaIKhg wu;rj ksrka;rfhka
fuu Ydl úfYaI lmd bvug tl;= l< yels ksid mi iq/
lSug jk odhl;ajhg wu;rj mi ire lsÍug o by<
odhl;ajhla ,nd fohs' fï ksid j¾;udkfha § j.dlrejka
ffcj mdxY= ixrlaIK l%u ms<sn| jeä Wkkaÿjla olajk nj
fmkS hhs'
ffcj mdxY= ixrlaIK jHqyhka wdldr lSmhla oelsh yel'
a jeá ^SALT&
1' fojeá j.d ;dlaIKh fkdfyd;a fida,Ü
2' ;ks Ydl jeá
3' ;DK jeá
7'1 fojeá j.d ;dlaIKh fkdfyd;a fida,aÜ
^Slope Agricultural Land Technology- SALT&
fõ.h wvq lsÍug;a" mia fia§ hdu je<elaùug;a fuu jeáh
yd neïu Wmldr fjhs' fï w;r jeáh ;=< tl;= jk ldnksl
øjH Èrdm;a ù jeis c,h;a iuÕ bvug ldkaÿ ùu o isÿ fjhs'
fojeá ia:dmkh lsÍfuka bvfï N+ñ m%udKh wvq ùug
fya;=jla fõ hehs yefÕa kï ;ks Ydl jeá ia:dmkh o l<
yel'
fojeá i|yd fhdod .kakd Ydl úfYaIhkaf.a ;sìh hq;=
úfYaI ,laIK¦
1'm%foafYfha nyq, fukau fyd¢ka jefvk Ydl
úfYaI"
2' khsg%cka ;sr lsÍug odhl jk *efíisfha$ rks,
^Fabaceae& l=,fha Ydl úfYaI"
3' blaukska jefvk Ydl úfYaI"
4' ksrka;rfhka lmd oeóug Tfrd;a;= fok Ydl
úfYaI"
5' f;a j.djg je<foK frda. iy ydkslrk
m<sfndaOlhkag Odrl fkdjk Ydl úfYaI"
6' îc .ekSfuka bvu ;=< j,a me<hla f,i me;sr
hEug yelshdjla fkdue;s Ydl úfYaI"
7' uQ, moaO;sh u.ska f;a j.djg ;r.ldÍ;ajhl we;s
fkdlrk Ydl úfYaI"
8'bvfï j.d lghq;=j, kshef,k fiajlhskag
ydksodhl fkdjk Ydl ^Wod lgq iys;" YÍrfh
.EjqKq úg wys;lr ;;a;aj we;s lrk" úI iys;
Ydl úfYaI&

j.=j 7( tla tla m%foaYhka ys fojeá i|yd Ndú;d lsÍug

fhda.H Ydl úfYaI¦
my; rg ueo rg Wv rg W!j
,dvmamd w~kysßhd j,a iQßhldka; wfYdal
Gliricidia Crotalaria Tithonia Tecoma stans
sepium anagyroides diversifolia
j,a
j,a iQßhldka; w~kysßhd lyfldak
l;=reuqrex.d Tithonia Crotalaria
Sesbania Cassia spectabilis
diversifolia anagyroides
sesban
wjr le,shekav%d lyfldak wjr
Tephrosia Calliandra Cassia Tephrosia vogelii
vogelii calothrysus spectabilis
maf,ñkaðhd wfYdal j,a lmqre le,shekav%d
fy,au¨ wdldrhg j.d ìï ieliSu Flemingia Tecoma stans ƌƟŵĞƐŝĂ Calliandra
congesta vulgaris calothrysus

f;a bvfï f;a fma,s 8'10 w;rg f;dard .;a Ydl úfYaI fma<‘ fviafudaähï lyfldak maf,ñkaðhd ,dvmamd Gliricidia
Desmodium Flemingia
folla ^fojeá& wdldrhg f;a fma<sj,g iudka;rj isgqúh rensonii Cassia spectabilis congesta sepium

hq;= h' fuu fma<‘ folla w;r wähl muK mr;rhla ;sìh j,a
,dvmamd fviafudaähï wjr
hq;= w;r jeáhla wä 3 4 muK Wila we;sj mj;ajdf.k iQßhldka; Desmodium
Tithonia Gliricidia sepium Tephrosia vogelii
rensonii
hd hq;= h' fuu Ydl jeá fyd¢ka ia:dmkh jQ miq by,g diversifolia
iy fomig jefjk w;= ksrka;rfhka lmd jeá fol wjr weflaIshd weflaIshd Acacia
Acacia
w;rg tl;= lsÍfuka Ydl jeá w;r ldnksl øjH neïula Tephrosia vogelii decurrance decurrance
wdldrhg ielfik ksid bvu u;=msáka c,h .,d hEfï
foaY.=K iqyqre f;a j.d ;dlaIK
21
 my; rg ueo rg Wv rg W!j
trnÿ j,a iQßhldka;
fviafudaähï Erythrina Tithonia
lithosperma diversifolia
le,shekav%d maf,ñkaðhd

bvfï fojeá ia:dmkhg wu;rj f;a fma<s w;r ;DK jeá o

isgq úh yel' fï i|yd f;a Ydlh iuÕ ;r.ldÍ;ajhla we;s ,dvmamd weflaIshd
Gliricidia sepium Acacia decurrance
fkdlrk f;a bvfï j,a me<hla njg m;aùfï ;¾ckhla
ke;s f;dard .;a ;DK j¾. j.d l< yel' úfYaIfhka fïjd
bvfï udhsïj, j.d lsÍu jvd;a fhda.H h' fï i|yd¦
• iejekaord fkdfyd;a jeáj¾ ^Vetiveria zizanoides&
• trf.%diaÜia fkdfyd;a we*aßlka ,õ .%dia
^Eragrostis curvula&
• meiafm,ï ^Paspalum dilatatum&"
lyfldak trnÿ
Cassia spectabilis Erythrina lithosperma
fojeá i|yd Ndú;hg fhda.H Ydl úfYaI¦
mi mqkre;a:dmkh i|yd ;DK j.d lsÍu
^Grass planting for soil rehabilitation&

le,shekav%d w~kysßhd
Calliandra calothrysus Crotalaria anagyroides

f.!;ud,d udkd
Tripsacum laxum LJŵďŽƉŽŐĂŶŽŶĨĞƌƟŇŽƌƵƐ

maf,ñkaðhd udr
Flemingia congesta Albizia moluccana

CO3 - Hybrid Napier Grass

mi mqkre;a:dmkh i|yd j.d lsÍug f;a m¾fhaIK

wdh;kh ks¾foaY lr we;s ckm%sh ;DK j¾. fol udkd
^&\PERSRJDQ FRQIHUWLÀRUXV& iy f.!;ud,d ^Tripsacum
laxum& ;DK h' fuu ;DK j¾. folu wju jYfhka jir
tlyudrla muK ld,hla bvfï mj;ajd f.k hd hq;= w;r
yegka u,a j,a l;=reuqrex.d
Sambucus javanica Sesbania sesban hQ 625 fmdfydr ñY%K fh§u iy jßka jr ;=ka j;djla muK
lmd bvug tl;= lsÍu ks¾foaYs; ;DK j.d l<uKdlrk
ms<‘fj;hs' ;DK j.dj i|yd .;jk jir 1½ l ld,h wvq
lr .ekSu wruqKq lr .ksñka isÿ l< m¾fhaIK ud,djl
m%;sM,h f,i kj ;DK j¾.hla jk fouqyqï fkamsh¾
fkdfyd;a CO3 ;DK mi mqkre;a:dmkh i|yd úl,amhla
f,i y÷kajd §ug f;a m¾fhaIK wdh;khg yelsù we;'
fuu ;DK j.d lr jirl muK ld,hla ;=< § wfmalaIs;
mdxY= ire nj <Õd lr .; yels ksid jirlg miq CO3 ;DK
le,‚;siai$wfYdal j,a lmqre j.dj bj;a lr f;a isg qùu isÿ l< yel'
Tecoma stans ƌƟŵĞƐŝĂǀƵůŐĂƌŝƐ

22 cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh - 2021

7'2 CO-3 ;DK$fouqyqka fkamsh¾ ^Hybrid Napier grass&
j.d lsÍu
CO3 ;DK my; rg mdßißl ;;a;ajhkag fyd¢ka
wkqj¾;kh ùfï yelshdjla iy by< j¾Ok fõ.hla we;s
ksid udkd iy f.!;ud,d ;DKj,g jvd blaukska m;% iy
uQ, ffcj ialkaOhla ksIamdokh lrk" mig jeä ldnksl
øjH m%udKhla tl;= lrk ;DK j¾.hls'
b;d flá ld,hla ;=< bvu wdjrKh jk mßÈ fõ.fhka
jeãfï yelshdj ksid mqkre;a:dmk ld,h ;=< j,a me,Eá
l<ukdlrK msßjeh o wvq h'
7'2'1 CO3 ;DK i|yd foaY.=‚l yd mdxY= wjYH;d
by< j¾Idm;khla iys; m%foaYj, ^jirlg ñ,sóg¾ 1500
g jeä& iy jeä ysre t<sh ;;a;ajhla hgf;a CO3 ;DK
fyd¢ka jefvhs' tys j¾Okh i|yd m%Yia: WIaK;aj mrdih
fi,aishia wxYl 25 40 ls' c,h r|d isák ;;a;ajh iy b;d
wdï,sl mdxY= ;;a;ajhka CO3 j.djg ys;lr ke;'
7'2'2 CO3 ;DK isgqùu
• mer‚ f;a bj;a lr ;K fld< isgq ùug bvu ilia lr
mdxY= mS tÉ ^pH& w.h jeä lsÍu i|yd ks¾foaYs; wkqmd;hg
fvd,uhsÜ fhÈh hq;= h'
• isgq ùu i|yd m¾j 34 iys; kejqï ovq len,s ks¾foaY lrk
w;r uõ m÷rej,ska bj;a l< ú.i isgqùu i|yd fhdod
.; hq;= h'
• j¾Id iufha wdrïNfha § óg¾ 0'3 x 0'6 l mr;rh we;sj"
wxYl 45 l fldaKhla we;sj W,a ,Shlska fyda zw,jx.=jlska
iEÿ isÿre j, o~q len,s isgq úh hq;= w;r wju jYfhka
fmdf<djg by<ska m¾j 2 la j;a ;eìh hq;= h'
• wfkl=;a ;DKj,g fuka hQ 625 fmdfydr ñY%Kh
fmdfydr fhÈh hq;= w;r" isgqùfuka udi 3 lg muK
miq fmdf<dfjys isg fikaáógr 4560 w;r Wilska
m<uq lemSu l< yels w;r Bg miq lemqï fmdf<dfõ
isg fikaáógr 7590 muK Wilska lemsh yel' u,a yg
.ekSug fmr jirlg lemqï y;rla isÿ l< hq;= h'
• jirl mqkre;a:dmk ld,h wjidkfha § ìï uÜgñka
;DK lmd kej; jeãu je<elaùu i|yd lf|a fldgia
bvfuka bj;a l< hq;= h'
• fuh .j wdydrhla neúka tajd .jhkaf.ka wdrlaId lr
.ekSug lghq;= l< hq;= h'
7'3 j.d lghq;= hdka;%SlrKh i|yd iqÿiq mßÈ f;a isgqùu
^3ODQWLQJRIWHDWRIDFLOLWDWHPHFKDQL]DWLRQRI¿HOGRSHUDWLRQV&
oaú;aj fma<s f;a j.d l%uh ^ŽƵďůĞ,ĞĚŐĞƌŽǁWůĂŶƟŶŐ&
lafIa;% lghq;= hdka;%SlrKh i|yd fiajlhkag .uka
lsÍug iy hka;% tyd fuyd f.k hdug m%udKj;a bvla iy
ud¾.fha fijK .ia jeks ndOl fkdue;s mßÈ f;a isgqùu
wjYH fõ'
idudkH f;a isgqjk ;ks fma<s l%uh ;=< mr;rh óg¾
0'6 x óg¾ 1'2 ^wä 2 x wä 4& jk w;r tu mr;rh hka;%
ld¾hlaIuj Ndú;hg kqiqÿiq h' tu ksid fjk;a f;a j.d
lrk rgj, nyq,j Ndú; jk oaú;aj fma<s f;a j.d l%uh
o¿ fk,Su jeks lafIa;% lghq;= hdka;%SlrKh myiq lrhs'
tneúka" wmf.a f;a j.djka ys lafIa;% lghq;= hdka;%slrKh
myiqùu i|yd óg¾ 0'6 x óg¾ 0'6 x óg¾ 1'5 ^wä 2 x wä 2 x
wä 5& mr;rh we;s oaú;aj fma<s f;a j.d l%uh jvd fhda.H
nj fmfka'
oaú;aj fma<s f;a j.d l%ufha § f;a m÷re >k;ajh
fylaghdrhlg m÷re 15"300 muK jk w;r th idudkH ;ks
fma<s l%uhg jvd 14] lska muK jeäh' tu ksid .e,fmk
mßÈ fylaghdrhlg fhdok fmdfydr m%udKh jeä l< hq;=
h' ;rula jl%dldr o¿ fk¨ï ;,hla we;s jk mßÈ oaú;aj
fma<s mqyqKq lsÍfuka w¾O f.da,dldr yeve;s ;, iys;
lmamdÿ $ wiajkq fk,k hka;% Ndú; lsÍu myiq lrjhs'
7'4 f;a me< isgqùu i|yd j,j,a lemSu j,j,a ydrk hka;%
Ndú;h ^Use of mechanical earth auger&
f;a me< isgqùfï § ks¾foaYs; m%ñ;Skag wkqj tkï .eUqr
wÕ,a 18 yd u;=msg úIalïNh wÕ,a 12 la jk j,j,a lmd
f;a me< isgqùu f;a me<hl kSfrda.S j¾Okh i|yd wjYHu
lreKls'
tla Èklg tla lïlrefjl= iïu; m%udKfha f;a
j,j,a 120 muK iE§ug kshñ; kuq;a j¾;udk
lïlre M,odhs;djfha ÿ¾j,;d ksid kshñ;
m%ñ;Skaf.ka hq;a j,j,a ms<sfh, lr .ekSu wiSre
ld¾hhla ù we;' j¾;udk fj<|fmdf<ka ñ,§ .;
yels hdka;%sl j<j,a ydrk hka;% ^use of mechanical
earth auger& fuu ld¾hh i|yd ld¾hlaIuj Ndú;hg
.; yels nj f;a m¾fhaIK wdh;hkh úoHd;aulj
;yjqre lr we;'
foaY.=K iqyqre f;a j.d ;dlaIK
23
lemqï ;,fha úIalïNh wÕ,a 12 la jk fiajlhska fofofkl=
fhdodf.k Ndú;d l< yels j,j,a ydrk hka;%hla u.ska
Èklg ^meh 6 g& j,j,a 450 600 muK ms<sfh, l< yels
nj fmkS f.dia we;' tla mqoa.,hl= úiska Ndú;d lrk l=vd
m%udKfha j,j,a ydrk hka;%hlska Èklg j,j,a 250 300
muK ms<sfh, l< yels nj o fmkS f.dia we;'

hka;% Ndú;hg j.dlrejka yqreùfuka wvq ld,hlska

ld¾hlaIu f,i j.d lghq;= isÿ lr .; yels ksid
j¾;udkfha .eg¨jla ù we;s lïlre ysÕhg úl,amhla
hka;% uÕska imhd fokq we;'

j.=j 8( ks¾foaYs; j,j,a ydrk hka;%

^Mechanical earth auger&

j,j,a ydrk hka;%h ^Mechanical

msßú;r ^^ƉĞĐŝĮĐĂƟŽŶƐ&
earth auger&

tkaðka j¾.h Two Stroke

tkaðu úia:dmkh ^cm3& 49.4

Wmßu n,h 1.9HP @170 rpm
iïfma%IKh iajhxl%Sh flakaødmidÍ la,É
úÿï N%uK fõ.h ^rpm& 170
úÿï N%uK ÈYdj olaIsKdj¾;j
bkaOk gexls Odß;dj 0.9
hka;%fha nr ^ls'.%E& 9.2
Wmßu úÿï .eUqr ^ñ'ó'& 560
lafIa;% Odß;dj - mehlg j,j,a 75-100

24 cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh - 2021

 08 Protecting tea plants after planting
isgjQ f;a me< wdrlaId lr .ekSu
f;a j.dj m%Odk jYfhka j¾Id c,fhka fmdaIKh
jk fnda.hla jk w;r j¾;udkfha ksrka;rfhka
uqyqK §ug isÿ jk úh<s ld,.=K ;;a;ajhkaf.ka
f;a me< j,g isÿ úh yels ydks wju lr .ekSug
mshjr .ekSu oeä wjYH;djls'
f;a me< isgqùfuka miq t<fUk jir lsysmh f;a
j.djg c, wjYH;dj b;du;a ;Èka oefkk ld,hhs'
8'1 úh<s ld,.=Kfhka f;a me<j,g isÿ úh yels ydks
wju lr .ekSug .; yels mshjr(
8'1'1 j.d lghq;= ksjerÈj ie,iqï lsÍu - mi
mqkre;a:dmkh i|yd ;DK j.d lrk wjia:dfõ §
u Wia yd uOHu fijK Ydl ia:dmkh l< hq;= h'
fuu wjia:dfõ § fijK Ydl isgqùfuka lafIa;%fha
f;a me< isgqjk wjia:dj jk úg hï ;rulg fyda
fijK j.dj bvfï ia:dmkh ù mj;skq we;'
8'1'2 fudaiï jeis wdrïNfha § f;a me< isgqùu -
ksß; È. fudaiï l,dmfha f;a isgqùu wfma%,a ui w.
fyda uehs udifha uq,a ld,fha isÿ l< hq;= w;r tys §
bÈßfha we;s fudaiï jeis iuh ;=< w¨;ska isgjQ f;a
me< fmdf<dfõ fyd¢ka ia:dmkh ùug m%udKj;a ;rï
j¾Idjla ,efnkq we;' Bidk È. fudaiï j¾Idfjka
wdjrKh jk m%foaYhkays f;a bvïj, f;a me< isgq
ùu iema;eïn¾-fkdjeïn¾ udij, § isÿ l< hq;= h'
túg bÈßfha we;s fudaiï iuh ;=< f;a me<j,g
jeãug m%udKj;a ;rï f;;ukhla ,efnkq we;'
8'1'3 mi wdjrKh lsÍug jiqka fh§u - f;a me<
isgjQ jydu bvfuka .,jd bj;a l< mqkre;a:dmk
;DK kj j.djg jiqkla f,i fhÈh yel' uq¿
j.dj u wdjrKh jk mßÈ fh§ug bvfï we;s ;DK
m%udKj;a fkdfõ kï fjk;a ia:dkhlska lmd .;a
;DK f;a me< w;r N+ñh fyd¢ka wdjrKh i|yd
fhdod .; hq;= h' fudaiï iuh wjika ùug fmr
mfia f;;ukh we;s wjia:dfõ jiqka fh§u isÿ l<
hq;= h'
8'1'4 fojeá fyda ;ks jeá fnda. ia:dmkh lsÍu -
bvfï f;a fma<s 8 -10 l mr;rh we;sj fojeá fyda
;ks fnda. jeá ia:dmkh l< yel' mdxY= ixrlaIK
jHqyhka ilia lrk wjia:dfõ § fojeá ilia lsÍug
fkdyels jQfha kï fyda ta wjia:dfõ ia:dmkh l<
fojeáj, hï wvqmdvq we;akï fï wjia:dfõ § tajd
kej; ms<silr l< yel'
8'1'5 yß; fmdfydr fnda. j.d lsÍu - f;a fma<s 2 -3
l w;r mr;rh we;sj f;a fma<s w;r wjldYfhys" f;a
fma<sj,g iudka;rj yß; fmdfydr fnda. j.d l<
yel' yß; fmdfydr fNda. f,i m%foaYfha myiqfjka
j.d l< yels w~kysßhd" wjr" j,a l;=reuqrex.d
jeks Ydlj, îc imhdf.k" f;a fma,s w;r fhdod
we;s jiqka uola bj;a lr wÕ,a 6 - 8 muK mr;rh
we;sj îc ;ekam;a lrkak' yß; fmdfydr fNda. f;a
me<j,g fijk imhk w;ru" tajd ksrka;rfhka
lmd mig tl;= lsÍfuka mig ldnksl øjH fukau
fmdaIl o hï m%udKhla tl;= lrkq we;'
8'1'6 lD;%su jiqka fh§u - kj f;a j.dfõ N+ñh
wdjrKh jk mßÈ fh§ug m%udKj;a ;rï lemQ
;DK imhd .ekSug fkdyels kï úl,amhla f,i
mi wdjrKh lsÍug lDIsld¾ñl fmd,s;Ska Ndú;d
l< yels nj úoHd;aulj ;yjqre ù we;' j¾;udkfha
fjf<| fmdf<ys lDIsld¾ñl fmd,s;Ska jiqka ñ,§
.ekSug yels w;r fïjd f;a fma<s w;r N+ñh wdjrKh
lsÍug fhdod .; yel'
8'2 lDIsld¾ñl fmd,s;Ska jiqka Ndú; lsÍu
^Use of agricultural polythene mulch&
fmd,s;Ska jiqka we;sÍu Use of polythene mulch
f;a me<h jgd fmdfydr fh§u m%udKj;a ;rï bvla
b;sß lr f;a fma<s w;r fuu fmd,s;Ska jiqka we;sßh
yel' iq<Õska iy i;=kaf.ka isÿ úh yels ydks j<lajd
.ekSug ksis mshjr .ekSfuka lDIsld¾ñl fmd,s;Ska
jir follg jvd jeä ld,hla bvfï r|jd .; yel'
fuu.ska fmdf<dfõ f;;ukh wdrlaId jk w;r
j,ame< jeãu o fyd¢kau md,kh fjhs' hï ld,hla
.;jk f;la wdjrK fnda. jeùug fyda yß;
fmdfydr fNda. j.d lsÍug fkdyels ùu lDIsld¾ñl
fmd,s;ska jiqka Ndú;d lsÍfï we;s wjdishls'
foaY.=K iqyqre f;a j.d ;dlaIK
25
8'3 yß; fmdfydr fNda. j.d lsÍu
^Planting of green manure crops&
j,a l;=reuqrex.d ^Sesbania sesban&" w~kysßh ^Crotalaria
anagyroides&
jeks Ydl úfYaI iEu f;a fma<s y;rla
w;ru yß; fmdfydr fnda. f,i kj j.djkays
isgqùug f;a m¾fhaIK wdh;kh ks¾foaY lrhs' fuu
Ydl úfYaI fõ.fhka jefvk w;r udi 3 - 4 l §
óg¾ 1'5 ^wä 5& l muK Wilg jefõ'
w~kysßh ^Crotalaria anagyroides&
fuu Ydl úfYaI úh<s ld,fha § f;a iuÕ f;;ukh
i|yd ;rÕ lrk neúka" úh<s ld,h$kshÕh t<öug
fmr" u,a msfmk wjia:dfõ" lr,a iE§ug fmr tajd
lmd f;a fma<s w;r taldldrj we;sßh hq;= w;r"
jirlg 2 - 3 j;djla fuf,i yß; fmdfydr fnda.
lmd bvug tla l< yel'
8'4 f;a j.djg c, iïmdokh ^,UULJDWLQJWHD¿HOGV&
kj j.djl ì¢;s c, iïmdokh ^ƌŝƉŝƌƌŝŐĂƟŽŶ&
úh<s foaY.=K ;;a;aj$kshx ;;a;aj hgf;a f;a j.djg
isÿjk ydks j<lajd .ekSug úúO j.d ;dlaIK
l%u f;a m¾fhaIK wdh;kh úiska y÷kajd § we;'
tkuq;a ñys;,h WKqiqï ùu ksid isÿjk foaY.=‚l
úm¾hdihkaf.ka we;sjk wkfmalaIs; ld,.=‚l
;;a;ajhkag uqyqK §u i|yd fhdað; j.d l%u
m%udKj;a fkdjk nj fmkS hhs' tneúka fndfyda
f;a j.dlrejka f;a bvïj, lD;%su c, iïmdok
l%ufõo Ndú;h ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq lrñka isák
nj fmfka'
26 cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh - 2021
8'4'1 c, iïmdokh ms<sn| ;SrK .ekSfï § ie,lsh hq;=
lreKq¦
• kj f;a j.djka ys f;a me< ñh hdu ksid oeä uq,Huh
mdvqjla isÿ jk nj y÷kdf.k we;s ksid kj f;a
j.dj i|yd c, iïmdokfha m%uqL;dj ysñ úh hq;= h'
• ld,.=K úm¾hdihkaf.a n,mEu jvd jeä hehs
y÷kdf.k we;s lDIs mdßißl l,dmhkaf.a bvï
kshx ydkshg md;% ùfï m%jK;djh b;d by< neúka
c, iïmdokfha § tjeks m%foaYhkays f;a j.djkag
m%uqL;ajh Èh hq;= h' óg wu;rj fmdÿfõ my;rg
m%foaYhkays f;a bvï kshx ydkshg md;% ùfï jeä
m%jK;djla olajk ksid ta m%foaYhkays bvï i|yd
o c, iïmdok l%ufõo ia:dmkh ms<sn| ie,ls,su;a
úh hq;= h'
• N+ñfha iajNdjh iy msysàu wkqj úh<s foaY.=‚l
;;a;aj hgf;a § jvd;a blaukska ydkshg m;a úh yels
bvï i|yd c, iïmdokh ms<sn| ie,ls,su;a úh hq;=
h'
• by< ksIamdok;djhla iys; bvï i|yd c,
iïmdokh lsÍfuka isÿ lrk wdfhdackhg jeä
m%;s,dNhla ,eìh yels nj o ie,ls,su;a jkak'
8'4'2 c, iïmdokh i|yd wjYH;d¦
1' c, m%Njhla ;sîu - úh<s ld,j, § mjd fkdisfok
c, m%Njhla ;sîu wjYH h"
2' jeis c,h tla/ia lr .; yels jHqyh ^jeõ" fmdl=Kq
wdÈ& ilid .ekSfï yelshdj"
3' n,Yla;s m%Njhka Ndú; fkdlr" .=re;aj n,h
hgf;a c,h ,nd .ekSfï yelshdjla we;akï th
jvd;a jdisodhl h"
4' iqÿiq <s|la idod c, fmdïmhla wdOdrfhka c,h
imhd .ekSug we;s yelshdj'
8'4'3 c, iïmdok l%uh f;dard .ekSu¦
j.dlrejka w;ayod neÆ c,iïmdok l%uhla
w;ska isÿ lrk c, iïmdok lghq;=( fuys §
j.dlrejka úiska hï Ndckhla Ndú;fhka ^l=vd
ner,a wd§& fyda m%jdyk myiqlï iys; c, njqirhla
Ndú;fhka c,h f.kú;a k< ud¾.fhka j.djg
fhÈh yel' fuu l%ufha § uQ,sl wdfhdackh wvq jqj
o lïlre Y%uh u; hemSug isÿ ùu wjdishls'
hdka;%sl$iajhxl%Sh c, iïmdok l%u( fujeks c,
iïmdok moaO;s ia:dmkh lsÍfuka wk;=rej th
l<ukdlrKh$ fufyhùu i|yd jeh jk Y%uh wvq h'
wjysrùï iy ms<silr wjYH;d ms<sn| ksrka;rfhka
fidhd ne,Sug isÿ ùu fïjdfha wjdishls'

ì¢;s c, iïmdokh( c, m%Njh iSudiys; wjia:djl

§ fuu l%uh jvd;a u fhda.H h' kuq;a uQ,sl wdfhdackh
idfmalaIj by< h' iEu me<hlgu iudk m%udK
j,ska c,h iemhSug yels kuq;a" ksrka;rfhka c,
ud¾. wjysr ùu ms<sn| wjOdkfhka isáh hq;= h'

úisß c, iïmdok l%uh fuys§ iaÓrj iú lrk ,o

úisß c, iïmdok moaO;shla fyda wjYH;dj wkqj
;ekska ;ekg f.k hd yels úisß c, iïmdok
moaO;shla ilia l< yel' uQ,sl wdfhdackh
idfmalaIj wvq kuq;a by< c, wjYH;dj iy jeä
n,Yla;s wjYH;dj fuu l%ufha we;s wjdis h' kshx
ld,fha § c, iïmdokhg wu;rj u,a ;=ysk m;s;
ùfuka f;a j.djg isÿ úh yels ydks j<lajd .ekSug
fujeks c, iïmdok moaO;shla Ndú; l< yel'

úisß c, iïmdok l%uh (Sprinkler system)

foaY.=K iqyqre f;a j.d ;dlaIK

27
0<má
9 f;a j.djka kshx ;;a;ajhkag
uqyqK §ug iQodkï lsÍu'
by; i|yka l< mßÈ kshx ydkshg jvd;au md;% j.=j 9( j.dfõ jhi wkqj tu øjH fhdok m%udK
jkafka f;a isgqùfï isg m<uq jir y;r we;=<; § my; oelafõ
h'
MOP/SOP fylaghdrhlg
j.dfõ jhi
tla tla m%foaYhg wod< lDIs mdßißl l,dmhkaf.a lsf,da.a?ï j;=r ,Sg¾
j¾Idm;k me;sÍfï rgdj ksÍlaIKh lsÍfuka ta ta m<uq jir 2 100
m%foaYhkays úh<s udi y÷kd .; yel' óg wu;rj
fojk jir 4 200
wka;¾cd,h iy iqyqre cx.u ÿrl:k jevigyk
ud¾.fhka tla tla m%foaYhkaf.a úh<s ld,.=Kh f;jk jir iy bÈßhg 8 400
ms<sn| mQ¾j f;dr;=re ,nd .; yels jk w;r ta
wkqj kj j.djka kshx ;;a;ajhkaf.ka wdrlaId lr fmdgEishï wjfYdaIKh ld¾hlaIu lsÍug
.ekSug mshjr .; yel' fylaghdrhlg lsf,da.a?ï 2 ne.ska ,efnk mßÈ
ødjKhg hQßhd ñY% lrkak'
9'1 kshÕhg fmr iQodku
9'1'4 flT,ska Èhlr biSu ( f;a m;% iqÿ meye
9'1'1 lmd .;a Ydl øjH fhdod mi wdjrKh lrkak ( .ekaùfuka m;% u;g jefgk iQ¾h ;dmh mrdj¾;kh
kj f;a bvï i|yd lmd .;a jk neúka iQ¾h ;dmfhka isÿjk ydks j<lajd .ekSug
;DK Ndú; l< yels w;r j;=r ,Sg¾ 100 l flT,ska lsf,da .%Eï 5 -10 Èh lr
fï i|yd fylaghdrhlg m;% u;g fyd¢ka biskak'
wuq ;DK fgdka 38 la
^wlalrhlg fgdka 15& 9'1'5 j.djg c, iïmdokh ( my; i|yka m%udKhkag
muK wjYH h' oyhshd c,h ,efnk mßÈ c, iïmdok l%ufõoh ilia
fyda ,S l=vq Ndú; lrkafka lrkak'
kï fylaghdrhlg fgdka
15-20 m%udKhla wjYH fõ' fhdok ld, me<hlg wjYH
j.dfõ jhi
tjeks ldnka khsg%cka lmd.;a Ydl øjH fhdod mi mr;rh c, m%udKh ñ',S'
wdjrKh lsÍu
wkqmd;h ^C:N ratio& by< m<uq jir osk 4-7 400-500
w.hla we;s øjH Ndú; fojks jir isg by<g osk 7-10 800-1000
lrkafka kï" tu øjH lsf,da .%Eï 100 lg hQßhd
lsf,da.%Eï 2-3 muK ñY% lr Ndú; lrkak' 9'1'6 m÷f¾ m;% ;,h wvq lsÍu ( kshx ld,fha
fmrjrefõ § f;a m÷re ue,ùhdula fmkakqï lrhs
9'1'2 j,a me< md,kh ( bvu j,a me<j,ska f;drj kï jir 2 - 4 olajdjk me<j, kv;a;= m;% ;,fha
mj;ajd f.k hd hq;= h' u;=msáka wÕ,a 2 - 3 muK m;% m%udKhla lmd bj;a
lrkak'
9'1'3 m;%j, fmdgEishï fmdaIlh by< kexùu (
m;%j, mqáld ffi,j, l%shdldß;ajh ld¾hlaIu 9'17 fmdfydr fh§u ( úh<s ld,h ;=< § fmdfydr
ùu i|yd fmdgEishï fmdaIlh wjYH neúka m;% fh§fuka je<lS isákak'
u;g fmdgEishï i,af*Ü ^SOP& fyda fmdgEishï
laf,darhsâ tkï ñhqßfhaÜ T*a fmdgEIa ^MOP&" 2] 9'1'8 fojeá iy yß; fnda. j.dj l<ukdlrKh ( kshx
ødjKhla biskak' ld,h wdrïN ùug fmr fojeá iy yß; fmdfydr
fnda. j.djka lmd fma,s w;r w;=rkak'

9'1'9 m,sfndaO ydks l<ukdlrKh ( fld< lk

o<Uqjd" lïì,s mkqjd iy uhsgdjka úh<s ld,
j, § ydks l< yels neúka" ydksh wdrïNfha § u
fujeks m,sfndaOlhska me;sr hdu j<lajd .ekSug
ksrka;rfhka f;a j.dj .ek ie,ls,a, olajkak'

28 cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh - 2021

9'2 kshx ld,hg miq wkq.ukh l< hq;= j.d lghq;=( 9'3 fijK Ydl l<ukdlrKh i|yd hka;% Ndú;h

9'2'1 fmdfydr fh§u( f;a m÷rej, m%udKj;a ;rï fijK Ydl" úfYaIfhka uOHu m%udKfha fijK
m;% ;,h jevqKq miq fmdfydr fh§u isÿ lrkak' jirlg 2 - 3 j;djla muK lmamdÿ l< hq;= h' fuu
lghq;a; i|yd mqyqKq lïlre Y%ñlhka wjYH h'
9'2'2 o¿ fk,Su ( f;a m÷rej, o¿ m%udKj;a ;rï flfia kuq;a" uOHu fijk Ydl lmamdÿ lsÍu i|yd
jevqKq miq f;dard .;a m÷rej, o¿ fk<Su wdrïN w;= mEySu i|yd Ndú; lrk hka;% fhdod .ekSu
lrkak' uq,ska ieye,a¨ o¿ fk,Sula isÿ lrkak' jvd;a ld¾hlaIu h'
9'2'3 md¿ me< isgqùu ( kshx ld,fha § uereKq f;a me<
fjkqjg kj f;a me< isgqùug mshjr .kak' fï i|yd
fyd¢ka ilia l< j,j,a fyda ldKq ilia lr tajdg
fldïfmdaiaÜ lsf,da.%Eï 1 - 2 muK ñY%lr" fyd¢ka
jevqKq ksfrda.Su;a f;a me< isgqjkak'

hdka;%slj uOHu fijK Ydl lmamdÿj

foaY.=K iqyqre f;a j.d ;dlaIK

29
10 Integrated Nutrient Management
taldnoaO fmdaIl l<ukdlrKh
10'1 mi iy mfia ire nj l<ukdlrKh
^Soil fertility management&
mi hkq >k" øj iy jdhq hk ix>glj,ska iqieÈ
iÔù iajNdúl moaO;shls' fuys >k fldgia Lksc øjH
^je,s" frdkauv iy ueá&" ldnksl øjH iy Èrdhk
i;aj yd Ydl fldgia j,ska hql;
a h'
Ydlh ord isàu" mfia fmdaIl r|jd .ekSu" .nvd
lsÍu yd uqod yeÍu i|yd mfia we;s >k øjH odhl
fjhs'
10'2 ,xldfõ m%Odk mdxY= ldKav iy mdxY= fYa‚
^Main soil groups and soil series&
,xldfõ f;a j.d lrk
m%foaYhkays m%Odk jYfhka
mdxY= ldKav ;=kla yuq fõ'
• r;= ly fmdâfid,sla mi ^Red
Yellow Podzolic&
• r;= ÿUqre ,egfida,a mi iy
^Reddish Brown Latasol&
• fkdfïrE ÿUqre f,dau mi ^Immature Brown Loam&
m%Odk mdxY= ldKav ;jÿrg;a mdxY= fYa‚ 21 lg
fnfok w;r ñka fYa‚ 15 la f;;a l,dmfha o 6 la
wka;¾ uOH l,dmfha o yuqfõ'
mfia ire njg odhl jkafka tys fN!;sl" ridhksl
iy ffcj .=Kdx. hs'
fN!;sl ire nj ^Physical Fertility& ( mfia >k øjH
fldgia tlsfklg iïnkaOùfuka ta w;r l=vd
yd úYd, m%udKfha wjldY ks¾udKh fjhs' fuu
wjldYh ;=< mdxY= c,h yd mdxY= jd;h /foa'
10'3 mfia fN!;sl irenj ^Physical fertility&
mil we;s my; i|yka ,laIK fN!;sl ire nj i|yd
odhl fjhs
10'3'1 mdxY= j¾Kh ^Soil colour& ( mdxY= j¾Kh myiqfjka
ks¾Kh l< yels fN!;sl ,laIKhls' mi Ô¾Kh ù
we;s fyda fudard we;s m%udKh u; iy mfia wvx.=
ldnksl øjH m%;Y s ;h u; mfia j¾Kh ;SrKh
fjhs' WodyrK f,i fkdfïrE mila w¿ fyda ly
meyehg yqre jk w;r fïrE mila r;= fyda ;o ÿUqre
meyehla .kS' by< ldnka m%;Y s ;hla we;s u;=mg
s mi
;o j¾Khla .kakd w;r ldnksl øjH wvq ;rula
.eUqfrys we;s mia ,d j¾Khla .kS'
10'3'2 mdxY= jhkh ^Soil texture& ( mfia we;s je,s"
frdkauv yd ueá øjHhkaf.a idfmalI a wkqmd;h mdxY=
jhkh f,i y÷kajhs' mfia ishï q nj fyda r¿ nj
;SrKh jkafka mfia jhkh u; h'
30 cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh - 2021
j.=j 10( mfia wvx.= Lksc øjHhkaf.a ,laIK
Lksc j¾.h m%udKh ^ñ,s óg¾& oelsh yels nj
je,s 2 - 0.02 mshú weig fmfka
oelsh yelafla wkaùlaIhla
frdkauv 0.02 - 0.002
;=<sks
ueá 0.002 g jvd wvq
bf,lafg%dksl wkaùlaIhla ;=,ska
muKla oelsh yel
f,dau mi f,i y÷kajkafka je,s" frdkauv yd ueá
iu m%udKhkaf.ka hq;= mils'
10'3'3 mdxY= jHqyh ^Soil structure& ( mfia we;s ldnksl
øjH" yqKq iy hlv jeks øjH wdOdrfhka mdxY= >k
øjH tlsfklg tl;= lr úúO yevhkaf.ka hq;a mdxY=
leá;s f.dvkef.hs' fuu leá;s mdxY= jHqyhka f,i
ye¢kafõ' mdxY= jHqyhka úúO yevhkaf.ka hql; a jk
w;r tajd m%i s u
a dldr" me;,s wdldr" ishïq len,s wdldr"
>kdldr wd§ f,i kï lr we;'
10'3'4 mfia ix.;;dj ^Soil consistency& ( úúO f;;uk
;;a;j a hka hgf;a § mfia fN!;sl iajNdjh tys
ix.;;dj f,i y÷kajhs'
10'3'5 mfia iújrnj ^Soil porosity& ( mfia we;s isÿre
m%;Ys ;h iújr nj f,i y÷kajk w;r" uyd isÿre"
laIøq isÿre f,i wdldr folls'
10'3'6 iuQy >k;ajh$kslr >k;ajh ^Bulk density& (
mila mj;sk iajNdúl wdldrfhkau ks¾Kh lrkq
,nk >k;ajh iuqy >k;ajh f,i ye¢kafjhs' mfia
iújrnj jeä jk úg iuqy >k;ajh wvq w.hla
fmkajk w;r iújrnj wvq ;o mila by< iuqy
>k;ajhla fmkajhs'
by; fN!;sl .=Kdx. WIaK;ajh md,kh" ;o nj" c,h
r|d .ekSfï yelshdj" jd;kh" mi ;=<g c,h we;=,a
ùfï yelshdj" mi ;=<k s a c,h nei hdfï yelshdj
yd úúO f;;uk ;;a;j a h we;súg WmlrK" hka;%
Ndú;hg mi olajk myiq nj" ;o nj yd ieye,a¨ nj"
mi wef,kiq¿ nj wd§ ,laIK ;SrKh lrhs'
10'4 mdxY= c,h ^Soil water& ( mila ;=< /£ we;s c,h
mdxY= c,h f,i y÷kajhs' mfia we;s c,h úúO
wdldrhkaf.ka ks¾jpkh lrhs'
10'4'1 mfia lafIa;% Odß;dj ^Field capacity& ( j¾Idjlska
miq uyd isÿrej, we;s c,h hï m%udKhla bj;aj
.sh miq mfia r|jd.; yels Wmßu c, m%udKh mfia
lafIa;% Odß;dj f,i ye¢kafõ'
10'4'2 iaÓr ue,ùfï w.h ^Permanent wilting point& (
Ydlhla iaÓrju ue<ùfï ,laIK fmkajk wjia:dfõ
mfia we;s c, m%udKh'
10'4'3 ,nd .; yels c, m%udKh ^Available soil water& 10'5'2 f;a j.d lrk mil mS tÉ w.h ksjerÈ lr .ekSu
lafIa;% Odß;dj wia:dfõ we;s c, m%udKh yd iaÓr ^Correction of pH value& (
ue,ùfï ,laIK fmkakï q lrk wjia:dfõ we;s c,
m%udKh w;r fjki mfia ,nd .; yels c, m%udKh mfia wvq mS tÉ w.h ^jeä wdï,sl nj& f;a j.d lsÍug
hs' Ydl j¾Okhg jvd m%fhdackj;a fuu ,nd .; fhda.H mS tÉ mrdihg f.k taug ks¾foaY lrkqfha
yels c, m%udKhhs' yqKuq h øjH mig tl;= lsÍu h' yqKuq h øjHhla f,i
f;a bvug fvd,uhsÜ fhdokafka tu.ska mS tÉ w.h
10'5 mfia ridhksl ire nj ^Chemical fertility& ( ksjerÈ lrkjdg wu;rj mig ue.aki S h
s ï fmdaIl
,nd fok ksid h'
mfia ridhksl ire njg fya;j = k mdxY= ridhksl
,laIK fndfyda úg mdxY= l,s, yd tajdfha l%h
s dldß;ajh mig fhdok yqK$q fvd,uhsÜ wdï,sl mfia we;s
iuÕ iïnkaO fõ' yhsvcs% ka whk ^H¬& iuÕ m%;l s h s ï ^Ca2¬&
s% dlr le,aih
yd ue.aki s ï ^Mg & whk ksoyia lrk w;r w;=reM,
S h 2¬
mdxY= l,s, iy tajdfha m%Odk l¾;jHhka( mdxY= l,s, f,i ldnkavfhdlaihsâ iy c,h idohs' fuf,i
hkq mshú weig fkdfmfkk b;d ishï q fldgia jk yhsârcka whk bj;ajk ksid mfia wdï,sl nj wvq
w;r tajd m%udKfhka ñ,sóg¾ 10-6 - 10-3 w;r fõ' ù" mS tÉ w.h jeäfõ' mfia wdï,sl nj wvq lsÍug
fuu ldKavhg wh;a jkafka ueá fldgia" yshu q ia" fhÈh hq;= fvd,uhsÜ m%udKh ;SrKh jkafka mfia
Tlaihsv ^hlv iy we¨ñkshïj, Tlaihsv& iy we;s mS tÉ w.h iy tu mfia iajdrlaIl Odß;dj
Tlaiys hsfv%dlaihsv ^Oxihydroxides&' u;h' iajdrlaIl Odß;dj hkq mil mS tÉ w.h fjkia
mdxY= l,s,hkaf.a u;=mgs RK f,i wdfrdamKh ù lsÍug mi olajk m%;f s rdaOh hs' th mia j¾.h wkqj
we;s w;r" mdxY= Lksc j¾. wkqj mdxY= l,s,hkaf.a fjkia fõ'
we;s RK wdfrdamK m%udKh fjkia fõ' wfma rfÜ 10'5'3 legdhk yqjudre Odß;dj
nyq,j mj;sk mdxY= Lkschkaf.a we;s RK wdfrdamK
m%udKhg jvd yshuq iaj, we;s RK wdfrdamK m%udKh ^Cation exchange capacity - CEC&
b;d úYd, ksid ueá l,s,hkag jvd yshu q ia j,g yshu
q ia fyda ueá l,s,hkag wêfYdaIKh jQ legdhk
úYd, fmdaIl m%udKhla r|jd .ekSfï yelshdjla we;' fjk;a legdhk u.ska m%;i s :
a dmkh l< yel' mig
fvd,uhsÜ tl;= l< úg tajdfha we;s le,aih s ï whk
mdxY= c,fha we;s Ok wdfrdam;
s fmdaIl whk legdhk ^Ca & iy ue.aki
2¬
s ï whk ^Mg & u.ska yshu
S h 2¬
q ia fyda
^Wod( Ca " Mg & f,i y÷kajk w;r" RK wdfrdam;
2¬ ¬
s mdxY= l,s,hkag wêfYdaIKh ù we;s yhsârcka whk
fmdaIl wekdhk ^Wod( NO-3" HPO-4" iy SO-4& f,i m%;is :a dmkh lrhs' fmdgeishï wvx.= fmdfydr mig
y÷kajhs' tl;= l< úg tajdfha we;s fmdgEishï whk ^K¬& u.ska
10'5'1 mdxY= m%;l s% d ^mS tÉ w.h& ^Soil pH&
s h yhsvc % ka whk ^H¬& m%;i
s :
a dmkh lrhs'

mfia mS tÉ w.h hkq mfia wdï,sl nj" WodiSk nj yd
NdIañl nj fmkajk o¾Ylhhs' mfia we;s yhsârcka
whk idkaøKh u; mfia mS tÉ w.h ks¾Kh fjhs'
yhsârcka whk idkaøKfha iDK ,>q w.h ms tÉ
w.h f,i olajhs' WodiSk ødjKhl mStÉ w.h 7 jk
w;r ødjKhl mS tÉ w.h 7 jvd wvq kï th wdï,sl
jk w;r NdIañl ødjKhl w.h 7 jvd jeä h'
iDK wdfrdam; s mdxY= l,s,hkag Ok wdfrdam; s
yhsârcka whk wêfYdaIKh jQ úg tjeks mila wdï,sl
h' mfia we;s we¨ñkshï whk ^Al¬3& o jl%dldrfhka
mfia wdï,sl njg odhl fjhs' mdxY= l,s,hka jgd
Ca2¬" Mg2¬ iy K¬ jeks wfkl=;a legdhk wêfYdaIKh
jQ úg tjeks mil wdï,sl nj wvqfõ'
wdï,sl nj b;d jeä mil Ca2¬" Mg2¬ iy K¬ jeks
legdhk we;af;a iq¿ m%udKhls' tfuka u" b;d wdï,sl
mil nelaàßhd" welaáfkduhsià s ia ^actinomycetes&
jeks laIøq Ôùka f.a l%h
s dldÍ;ajh o b;du;a wvq h'
f;a j.d lsÍug fhda.H mil ;sìh hq;= mS tÉ mrdih
4'5 - 5'5 jk w;r th uOHia: mS tÉ mrdihls' fuu
mS tÉ mrdifhka msg wvq fyda jeä mS tÉ w.hka we;s
úg § fndfyda fmdaIl Ydlhg ,nd .; fkdyels
;;a;j a hg m;a fõ' mfia mS tÉ w.h mÍlaId lr n,d
th ksjerÈ mrdihg f.k tau Ydlhg fmdaIl Wrd
.ekSug WmldÍ fjhs'
mdxY= l,s,hkag wêfYdaIKh ù we;s legdhk fjk;a
legdhk u.ska m%;i
s :
a dmkh lsÍu legdhk yqjudrej
f,i ye¢kafõ' mil legdhk yqjudrej Odß;dj
^CEC& by< w.hla .kS kï legdhk wdldrhg we;s
Ydl fmdaIl úYd, m%udKhla r|jd .ekSug yd ksoyia
lsÍug tu mig yelshdj we;' bvul u;=mg s mfiys
ldnksl øjH m%udKh idfmalIa j jeä ksid tu ia:rfha
legdhk yqjudre Odß;dj .eUqr mfiys legdhk
yqjudre Odß;djg jvd by< w.hla fmkakï q lrhs'
10'6 Ydl fmdaIl ^Plant nutrients&(
Ydl jeãug wjYH fmdaIl j¾. 16 la we;s nj
y÷kdf.k we;'
10'6'1 id¾j fmdaIl fyda uyd fmdaIl ^Macro nutrients&(
idfmalI a j jeä m%udKj,ska wjYHjk fmdaIl" tajd
w;ßka my; mßÈ fõ'
10'6'1'1 m%d:ñl fmdaIl ^Primary nutrients& ( ldnka ^C&"
yhsvc % ka ^H&" TlaIc
s ka ^O&" khsgc
% ka ^N&" fmdiamria ^P&"
fmdgEishï ^K&
10'6'1'2 oaú;Shl
s fmdaIl ^Secondary nutrients& (
ue.aki s ï ^Mg&" le,aih
S h s ï ^Ca&" i,a*¾ ^S&
10'6'2 laIøq fmdaIl ^Micro nutrients& ( l=vd m%udKj,ska
wjYH fmdaIl laIøq fmdaIl f,i y÷kajhs' iskl a a ^Zn&"
uex.kSia ^Mn&" fndafrdaka ^B&" hlv ^Fe&" ;U ^Cu&"
fud,síäkï ^Mo&" laf,daÍka ^Cl&
foaY.=K iqyqre f;a j.d ;dlaIK
31
m%d:ñl fmdaIl w;ßka C" O" yd H jdhqf.da,fhka yd mfia ldnksl m%udKh mfia we;s ldnka m%;Y
s ;h
c,fhka ,nd .kakd w;r" b;sß ish¨u fmdaIlhka f.a flfrys iDcqju n,mdk w;r tu iïnkaO;djh my;
m%Odk m%Njh mi h' ldnksl øjH LksÔlrKh u.ska i|yka iólrKh u.ska fmkakïq lrhs'
fmdaIl mig tl;= lrk w;r wldnksl fmdfydr o
fmdaIl ,nd§fï m%Njhka f,i l%h s d lrhs' mfia ldnksl øjHh m%udKh } C] x 1'724

fuu Ydl fmdaIl legdhk yd wekdhk f,i mfia 10'9'1 mfia ldnksl øjH l<ukdlrKh
we;s mdxY= l,s,hkag wêfYdaIKh ù fyda mdxY= ødjKh ^Management of soil organic matter&
;=< Èh ù mj;S' mdxY= l,s,hkag wêfYdaIKh ù we;s f;a bvïj, mdxY= ldnksl øjH m%udKh jeä lsÍug
fmdaIl o mdxY= ødjKhg tl;= jk w;r Ydl uq,a myiq yd ,dNodhS l%uh kï f;a bvïj, ksmofjk
fmdaIl wjfYdaIKh lr.kafka mdxY= ødjKfhks' ldnksl øjH ta i|yd fhdod .ekSu h' lmamdÿ w;=
bvug ldnksl øjH ,nd fok fyd| m%Njhls' fïjd
j.=j 11( m%Yia; Ydl j¾Okhg wjYH fmdaIl m%udKh bvfï f;a fma<s w;r ldKq lmd je<,Su fyda mi
^Optimum levels of plant nutrients& u;=mg
s úiqrejd yeÍu isÿ l< yel' l¾udka;Yd,dfjka
fmdaIl m;% ;=, mi ;=<
bj;,k f;a l=vq fyda fijK Ydl lmamdÿ lsÍfuka
tl;= jk w;= o mig ldnksl øjH ,nd §ug Ndú;d
khsg%cka 3'0-4'0] Not applicable
l< yel' flfia kuq;"a mig tl;= lrk ldnksl
fmdiamria 0'2-0'3] > 20 ppm øjHhkaf.a we;s ldnka iDcqju mßfNdackh lsÍug
fmdgeishï 1'25-2'0] 100 – 200ppm Ydlhkag yelshdjla fkdue;'
ue.akSishï > 0'20] > 60 ppm
10'10 mfiys ffcj ire nj ^Biological fertility&
m%Njh( f;a w;afmd; ^2008& ppm- lsf,da.E% uhg ñ,s .%Eï

mdxY= i;a;j a yd Ydl m%cdjkaf.a .yKh yd

10'7 mdxY= moaO;shg fmdaIl tl;= jk wdldr
l%h
s dldÍ;ajh u; mfia ffcj irenj ;SrKh fõ'
^1XWULHQWVLQÀRZ&( mdxY= i;aj m%cdjg .evú¨ka" ixêmdolhska wd§ka iy
• ridhksl fyda ldnksl fmdfydr f,i mig fmdaIl laIøq Ôùka ^nelaàßhd" È,Sr wd§& we;=<;a h' mfia isák
,nd §u" ys;lr laIøq Ôùka Ydlj, wys;lr frda.ldrl laIøq
• Ydlhkaf.ka ,efnk ldnksl øjH m%;p s l%l
S rKh" Ôùka f.a l%hs djkag tfrysj lghq;= lrhs'
• laIøq Ôùka úiska jdhqf.da,fha we;s khsgc
% ka mfia ;sr
lsÍu" mfia isÿjk ldnka" khsgc % ka yd ue.aki
S h
s ï pl%
• jeis c,h iuÕ i,am¾ yd khsgc % ka mig tl;= ùu" ;=< laIøq Ôùkaf.a odhl;ajh ksid mdxY= ire nj
• c, iïmdokfha§ c,h iuÕ øjH fmdaIl mig l<ukdlrKhg Tjqkf a .a odhl;ajh uekúka lemS
tl;= ùu fmfka' tfukau" mfia we;s ldnksl øjH Ô¾Kh ùug
i,iajd bka wk;=rej isÿjk LksÔlrKh yryd mig
10'8 mdxY= moaO;sfhka fmdaIl bj;a jk wdldr kej; fmdaIl tl;= lsÍug o laIøq Ôùka iDcqj u
^1XWULHQWVRXWÀRZ& ( odhl fjhs'
• fnda. wiajekak f,i"
10'10'1 mdxY= laIøq Ôùka ^Soil microbes&
• mdxY= Ldokh f,i"
• mi u;=má s ka c,h .,d hdu f,i" mdxY= laIøq Ôùka mfia ffcj ire njg iDcq odhl;ajhla
• c,h iuÕ mi ;=<g f.dia .eUqr ia:rhkaf.a ;ekam;a olajhs' mfia isák uhsfldrhsid ^Mycorrhiza& jeks
ùu fyda N+.; c,hg tl;= ùu" iuyr laIøq Ôùka mfia we;s Lksc fmdiamria Ydlj,g
• khsgc % ka fmdaIlh wefudakh s d jdhqj f,i ,nd .; yels ;;a;j a hg m;a lrhs' ;j o iuyr laIøq
jdIaml S rKh ùu" Ôùkag mig fmdaIl øjH tl;= lsÍug o yelshdjla
• c,fha ødjH fkdjk ixfhda. njg m;aù mi ;=< ;sr we;' WodyrKhla f,i khsgc % ka ;sr lrk yelshdj
ùu" we;s nelaàßhd úiska jdhqf.da,fha we;s khsgc
% ka jdhqj
10'9 mdxY= ldnksl øjH ^Soil Organic Matter- SOM& mi ;=< ;sr lr Ydlj,g m%fhdackhg .ekSug yels
wdldrhg ms<f s h, lr fohs' mfia fmdaIl ;;a;j a h
mdxY= ldnksl øjH mfia legdhk yd wekdhk by< kexùug odhljk fujeks laIøq Ôùka ffcj
wêfYdaIK Odß;dj by< kxjk w;r th mfia fmdfydr f,i o y÷kajhs'
fmdaIl r|jd .ekSfï yelshdj by< kexùug fuka u
laIrKh u.ska fmdaIl ydks ùu je<elaùug fyda wvq mfia laIøq Ôù .yKh by< kexùug mi ;=< laIøq
lsÍug o odhl fjhs' Ôùkag ys;lr mßirhla ks¾udKh l< hq;= h'
mig j,akdYl" lDñkdYl wdÈh fh§fuka Ydlj,
mil j.d lghq;= È.gu lrf.k hk úg mfia we;s meje;aug ys;lr ld¾hhla bgq lrk laIøq Ôùka úYd,
ldnksl øjH m%udKh wvq fjhs' mfia ldnksl øjHh jYfhka úkdY ù hhs' fujeks ridhksl øjH Ndú;h
wvqjk úg mdxY= jHqyh ì| jefgk w;r mfia fN!;sl wvq lsÍfuka mfia laIøq Ôùkag isÿ jk ydks wju l<
iy ridhksl .;s.K = j,g o wys;lr f,i n,mdhs' yel'
tu ksid mdxY= ire nj l<uKdlrKfha § È.ska È.gu
mig ldnksl øjHh tl;= lsÍu b;du;a jeo.;a h'

32 cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh - 2021

 11 Soil fertility management
f;a bvul mdxY= irenj
l<ukdlrKh
11'1 mfia oekg we;s ire nj /l .ekSu"
11'2 mfia ire nj ;jÿrg;a by< kexùu
bvfï isÿ lrk j.d lghq;= wkqj mj;sk mdxY= ire nj wvq
ùu fyda fkdfjkiaj mej;Su isÿ úh yel' wiajekak bj;a lr
.ekSfï § mfia ;sfnk fmdaIl øjHj,ska ie,lsh hq;= m%udKhla
bj;a jk ksid th tu mfia ire nj wvq ùug fya;= fõ'
f;a j.dj lmamdÿ l< miq mi wdjrKh l< f;a úhk ke;s ùu
fyda wvq ùu isÿ jk ksid j¾Id c,h iDcqju mi u; m;s; ùug
bv ie,fik w;r fuh mdxY= Ldokh u.ska mfia ire nj wvq
lsÍug fya;= fjhs'
bj;ajk fmdaIl kej; mig ,nd §u isÿ fkdfõ kï mfia ire
nj È.ska È.gu wvqù hhs'
11'3 mi uq,a¨ lsÍu ^Forking&
ksrka;rfhka bvfï fma<s w;r .uka lsÍu ksid mi ;o ùulg
Ndckh fõ' mi ;o ùu mfia iújr
nj wvq ùug;a" tksid mi ;=<g
c,h we;=,Aùu ÿ¾j, ùug;a fya;=
fõ' fï ksid mi u;=msáka c,h .,d
hEu fõ.j;a ùfuka mi Ldokh ù
mfia ire nj ;jÿrg;a wvq fjhs'
mi uq,a¨ lsÍu jeks j.d lghq;=
u.ska mfia ;o nj wvq lr mfia
fN!;sl irenj ÈhqKq l< yel'
lmamdÿ pl%hlg jrla f;a fma<shla
yer fma,shla uq,a¨ lsÍu f;a
m¾fhaIK wdh;kh ks¾foaY lr
we;s kuq;a m%udKhg jvd uq,a¨
lsÍu fyda kqiqÿiq mßÈ uq,a¨ lsÍu
u.ska uQ, moaO;shg ydks isÿúh yels ksid uq,a¨ lsÍfï §
ks¾foaYs; l%ufõoh wkq.ukh lsÍu w;HjYH h'
11'4 mdxY= ixrlaIKh ^Soil conservation&(
mdxY= ire nj ie,lSfï § mdxY= ixrlaIKh b;d jeo.;a ;ekla
.kshs' mi Ldokhg n,mdk m%Odk ld,.=K idOlh j¾Idjhs'
j¾Idj iDcqj u fmdf<dj u; m;s; ùfuka fmdf<dfõ we;s
mdxY= wxY= fjka ù c,h iuÕ fjk;a ia:dk fj; .,d hEu
mdxY= Ldokh f,i y÷kajhs'
11'4'1mdxY= Ldokhg n,mdk m%Odk idOl¦
11'4'1'1 j¾Idjl Ldol;dj ^Erosivity&( fuh j¾Idfõ
;Sj%;djh u; ;SrKh fõ' wvq ld,hla ;=< § by< j¾Idm;khla
we;s ùu by< Ldol;dj we;s j¾Idjl ,laIKhls' wka;¾
fudaiï jeis b;d by< ;Sj%;djka iys; j¾Idj;a jk w;r
tajd idudkHfhka mehlg ñ,sóg¾ 25l muK j¾Idm;khla
,nd foa'
11'4'1'2 mfia LoH;dj h ^Erodibility&( Ldokh ùug mfia
we;s yelshdj LoH;dj h f,i ye¢kafõ' mia j¾.h wkqj tys
LoH;dj h fjkia fõ' ,xldfõ miaj, nyq,j olakg ,efnk
mdxY= Lksc j¾.h jk flT,skhsÜ wvx.= mil LoH;djh
0'17- 0'19 w;r w.hla .kS' r;= ly fmdâfid,sla mdxY=
fYa‚fha mfil LoH;dj h 0'07-0'09 w;r fõ' ueo rg
m%foaYfha nyq,j olakg ,efnk r;= ‚ ÿUqre ,egfida,a mi
by< LoH;djla olajk mila ksid tjeks mia nyq, m%foaYhkays
nEjqï iys; bvï f;a j.dj i|yd f;dard .kakd úg nEjqu 55]
g fkdúh hq;= nj ks¾foaY lr we;'
11'4'1'3 nEjqï iys; bvul nEjqï iys; N+ñfha wkjr; È.
^ndOdjlska f;drj c,h .,d hd yels ÿr& m%udKh ^Length
of the slope& jeä jk úg u;=msáka .,d hk c,h ksid mi
Ldokh ùfï yelshdj b;d by< h' tjeks ,laIKh iys;
bvul wkjr; nj ke;s lsÍu i|yd nEjqug ,ïnlj ldKq"
.,ajeá wd§ ndOl fh§fuka mdxY= Ldokh wju lr .; yel'
11'4'1'4 bvfï nEjqu ^Slope of the land&( bvfï nEjqu
^nEjqï m%;sY;h& jeä kï mi Ldokh ùug yelshdj jeä h'
bvfï nEjqu la,hsfkdógrhla u.ska uek .; yel' idudkH
f;a j.d lrk fndfyda bvï /<s iys;" nEjqï iys; fyda b;d
;o nEjqï iys; úh yel'
11'4'1'5 bvfï mi wdjrKh ù we;s wdldrh yd m%udKh
^Soil cover&( fyd¢ka wdjrKh ù we;s mila mdxY= Ldokhg
md;% ùfï yelshdj b;du;a wvq h'
11'4'1'6 bvfï mdxY= lghq;= l<ukdlrKh lrk wdldrh
^Soil management&( WodyrK f,i fláld,Sk fnda."
È.=ld,Sk fnda." fnda.fhka mi wdjrKh jk m%udKh" mi
ilia lrk wdldrh" j,a me< md,kh" wd§ j.d lghq;=
l<ukdlrKh lrk wdldrh wkqj mdxY= Ldokh ùfï
yelshdj ;SrKh fõ'
by; i|yka lreKq ksis mßÈ l<ukdlrKh lsÍfuka mdxY=
Ldokh wju lr .; yel'
iajNdúl mdxY= Ldokh ;;a;ajh ie,ls,a,g .ekSfï § my; rg"
ueo rg yd Wv rg m%foaYhka i|yd jd¾Islj mdxY= Ldokhg bv
yeßh yels m%udKh ms<sfj,ska fylaghdrhlg fug%sla fgdka 7"
9" 13 fõ' mi u;=msáka ñ,sóg¾ tll mia m%udKhla bj;aj hEu
fylaghdrhlska mia fgdka 10 la bj;aj hdug iudk h'
mdxY= idxrlaIKh ^oil conservation&
foaY.=K iqyqre f;a j.d ;dlaIK
33
11'4'2 f;a m÷rej, ksfrda.Su;a me;sreKq f;a úhkla
f.dv ke.Su ^Development of a tea canapy&(
mdxY= ixrlaIKh id¾:l ùu i|yd uQ,sl wjYH;dj fyd¢ka
me;sreKq ksfrda.Su;a f;a úhkla ^tea canapy& ;sîu h' f;a
m÷rl me;sreKq" úêu;a úhkla f.dvke.Su isÿjkafka my;
i|yka j.d lghq;= ksjerÈj wkq.ukh lsÍfuks'
11'4'2'1 f;a me< mqyqKq lsÍu( f;a m÷r o¿ fk,Sfï wjêhg
f.k tau i|yd wjia:d lsysmhl § u f;a m÷f¾ by<g jefvk
w;= lmd me;sreKq úhkla iys; m÷rla ilia l< hq; h'
11'4'2'2 ksis mßÈ lmamdÿ lsÍu( f;a m÷f¾ md¾Yaúlj me;sreKq
m%d:ñl w;=j,g ydks fkdjk fia lmamdÿ l< hq;= h'
11'4'2'3 o¿ fk,Sfï § md¾Yaúl w;=j, o¿ fkdlvd fmdf<dj
wdjrKh jk fia jeãug bv yeßh hq;= h'
• md¿ we;s ùug fya;=j fidhd tu ;;a;ajhg wod< m%;sldr
fh§u" Wod¦ uq,afrda." iÔù oej fõhdf.a ydksh" mfia ÿ¾j,;d
wdÈh y÷kdf.k wjYH m%;sldrh fh§u"
• md¿ ia:dkhka ys mi fyd¢ka ilia lr mqkre;a:dmk ;DK
j.d lsÍu"
• wä 1 1/2 .eUqr iy u;=msg úYalïNh wähla muK jk
j,j,a fyda ldKq ilid .ekSu"
• jhi wjqreÿ 1 1/2 muK jQ úYd, m%udKfha ^12˜ Wi 6˜ m<,&
fmd,s;Ska u¨j, idod .;a f;a me< isgqùu"
• j,lg fldïfmdaiaÜ fmdfydr lsf,da .%Eï 2 la iy T200
fmdfydr ñY%Kfhka .%Eï 15 - 20 ne.ska ñY% lr jf,ka 3/1
mqrjkak' b;sß fldgi u;=msg mia fhdod msrùu"

11'4'3 f;a bvfï ÿ¾j, f;a m÷re bj;a lsÍu iy md¨ isgqùu
^&XOOLQJDQGLQ¿OOLQJ&(

f;a j.djl M,odhs;dj by< kexùu i|yd w;HjYH u idOlh

jk tall lafIa;%hl ;sìh hq;= m%Yia; m÷re ixLHdj by< kxjd
.ekSug lafIa;%fha md¿ me< isgqùu jeo.;a fjhs' f;a bvfï
ÿ¾j, f;a m÷re o bj;a lr" md¿ ia:dkhkays f;a me< isgqùfuka
fmdf<dj fyd¢ka wdjrKh jQ f;a j.djla ilid .; yel'

lmamdÿfjka miq kej; kj wxl=r we;s ùu ÿ¾j," l|

Èrd.sh" iels,a, ÿ¾j, f;a m÷re y÷kd.; yels w;r tajd
Wÿrd tu ia:dkhka ys fmdf,dj ilia lr" ;DK isgqjd" B<Õ
lmamdÿfõ § md¿ me< isgqùug iQodkï l< hq;= h'

md¿ f;a me< isgqùfï § my; lreKq flfrys wjOdkh fhduq

l< hq;= h'
md¿ isgqjQ me< wdrlaIdlr .ekSu

• me< isgqùfuka miq tajd wdrlaId ùu i|yd fmd,s;Ska u¨

fyda fjk;a wdldrhl wdrlaIl l%ufõohla ieliSu iy w¿;a
me<fha jeãug ndOd fkdjk mßÈ wjg f;a m÷rej, w;=
lSmhla bj;a lsÍu'

34 cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh - 2021

 12 Environment friendly Integrated Nutrient Management
mßir ys;ldó f;a j.djlg taldnoaO
mdxY= fmdaIl l<ukdlrKh
jd‚c f;a j.djla mßir ys;ldó f,i mj;ajdf.k hdfï §
wkq.ukh l< hq;= fmdaIl l<ukdlrKh taldnoaO m%fõYhla
úh hq;= h' mil fmdaIl m%udKh ;=,kh lsÍu i|yd wkq.ukh
l< yels ish¿u mdxY= fmdaIl l<ukdlrK ms<sfj;a ;d¾lsl
f,i fuka u ksjerÈ j Ndú;hg .ekSu taldnoaO mdxY= fmdaIl
l<ukdlrKh f,i yeÈkaúh yel'
f;a wiajekak f,i bj;ajk fmdaIl o" f;a m÷f¾ j¾Okh i|yd
fhdod .kakd fmdaIl fukau j.d N+ñfhka úúO wdldrfhka
bj;ajk fmdaIl o mig kej; ,nd § mfia fmdaIl iu;=,s;;dj
h /l .ekSu j.dfõ ;sridrnj i|yd jeo.;a h' wldnksl
fmdfydr f,i bvug ,ndfok fmdaIlhkaf.ka f;a Ydlh
úiska m%fhdackhg .kq ,nkafka 30 - 50] muK m%udKhls'
12'1 taldnoaO fmdaIl l<ukdlrK m%fõYhl wruqKq
^Objectives of Integrated Nutrient Management
approach&
• mfia oekg we;s ire nj /l .ekSu'
• mfia fN!;sl" ridhksl" ffcj ire nj by< kexùu'
mfia ldnksl øjH m%;sY;h by< kexùu'
 hym;a fN!;sl .=Kdx. ÈhqKq lsÍu'
 mfia fmdaIl r|jd .ekSfï yelshdj by<
kexùu'
 mfia mS tÉ w.h j.djg ys;lr mrdih ;=<
mj;ajdf.k hEu" wdÈh'
• mfia fmdaIl ydks ùu wju lsÍu'
 mdxY= Ldokh wvq lsÍu'
 fmdaIl jdIam ù bj;a ùu bj;aù hdu je<elaùu'
 laIrKh u.ska mfia fmdaIl ydks ùu wju lsÍu'
• mdxY= fmdaIl Ydlj,g ,nd .; fkdyels ;;a;ajhg m;aùu
je<elaùu'
• mfia .eUq/ ia;rhka ys we;s Ydl fmdaIl u;=msg ia;rhkag
f.keú;a f;a Ydlhg ,nd .; yels ;;a;ajhg m;a lsÍu'
• mfia legdhk yqjudre Odß;dj by< kexùug WmldÍ jk
ldnksl øjH m%udKh by< kexùu yd mj;ajdf.k hEu'
• mfia ys;lr laIqø Ôù l%shdldß;ajh by< uÜgul ;nd
.ekSu'
 mfia f;;ukh ksrka;rfhka wdrlaId lr .ekSu"
 mfia ldnksl øjH m%udKh by< uÜgulska ;nd
.ekSu"
 mfia WIaK;ajh kshdukh"
mfia laIqø Ôùkaf.a meje;aug wys;lr lDIs ridhk
^Wod( j,akdYl jeks& mig fh§fuka je<lS isàu"
• ks¾foaYhkag wkql+,j" {dKdkaú; f,i wldnksl fmdfydr
Ndú;h'
• mfiys fmdaIl iq,N;dj ks¾Kh lr" ysÕ fmdaIl muKla
mig tl;= lsÍug lghq;= lsÍu ^ia:dk iqúfYaIS mdxY= fmdaIl
iemhSfï jevms<sfj,&'
• mßir ys;ldó wldnksl fmdfydr muKla Ndú;hg .ekSu'
• mig fhdok wldnksl fmdfydr ydks ùu wju jk mßÈ
lghq;= lsÍu'
wldnksl fmdfydr ld¾hlaIu;dj jeä jk fia mi
l<ukdlrK lsÍu"
 j.d lghq;= ksjerÈ wdldrhg mj;ajdf.k hEu"
 ksjerÈj fmdfydr Ndú;h( ksjerÈ fmdfydr
ñY%Kh" ksjerÈ wjia:djkaj, § ksjerÈ
wdldrhg" ksjerÈ m%udKhka f.ka Ndú;h"
• wldnksl fmdaIl m%Nj u.ska wjYH wfkl=;a laIqø fmdaIl
iemhSu'
12'2 taldnoaO fmdaIl l<ukdlrK m%fõYhl m%Odk
ix>gl ^Main components of the Integrated Nutrient
Management approach&
12'2'1 mfiys we;s fmdaIl wdrlaId lr .ekSu
^Conservation of nutrients in the soil&(
• mdxY= ixrlaIKh ^oil conservation&
• bvï jiqka lsÍu ^Mulching&
• wdjrK fnda. j.d lsÍu ^Plant cover crops&
• uq,a¨ lsÍu^Forking&
12'2'2 mfiys $ Ydlhkays ;sr jQ fmdaIl ,nd .; yels
wdldrhg m;a lsÍu$fmdaIl m%;spl’%hlrKh ^Recycle
the nutrient&(
• fijK Ydl ia:dmkh yd ksjerÈ l<ukdlrKh ^hade
establishment and management&
• mi mqkre;a:dmkh ^oil rehabilitation&
• f;a lmamdÿ w;= je<,Su ^Burying of prunings&
• f;a j.dfõ md¿ ia:dkhkays ;DK iy yß; fmdfydr Ydl
isgqùu (Plant green manure crops and grasses in vacant
patches)
foaY.=K iqyqre f;a j.d ;dlaIK
35
 • fld< fmdfydr Ydl jeá ia:dmkh lsÍu fld< fmdfydr C% N% P% K% Mg % C: N
(Establish green manure hedge rows) udkd ;DK 32.0 1.40 0.14 1.40  
12'2'3 mi ire lsÍu i|yd mig ldnksl fmdfydr tla f.!;ud,d ;DK 37.0 2.94 0.23  0.17 12.6
lsÍu ^Incorporation of organic matters in to soil& .s‚ ;DK  1.40 0.13 1.90 0.49 27.7
• idkaø ldnksl fmdfydr ^Concentrated organic fertilizer& ue.akSishï   0.39   
we,aìishd 40.0 4.13 0.23  0.30 9.7
• Èrdm;a jQ f.dúm, fmdfydr ^Farmyard manure- FYM&
.%eù,shd 40.0 2.03 0.13  0.19 19.7
• lDIsld¾ñl fnda. wjfYaI ^Crop residues&
.a,sßiSähd 37.0 3.99 0.21 2.00 0.33 9.3
• fld< fmdfydr $ yß; fmdfydr ^Green manure& j,a l;=reuqrex.d 37.3  0.26  0.21 
• fldïfmdaiaÜ ^Compost& lyfldaK     0.12 10.1
j,a iQßhldka; 34.4 4.76 0.34 2.70 0.41 7.2
• .evú,a fldïfmdaiaÜ ^Vermi-compost&
wvkysßh 37.4  0.23 1.00  
• .evú,s Èhr Ndú;h ^Vermi-wash&
m%Njh( f;a w;afmd; ^2008&
12'2'4 ld¾hlaIu yd m%Yia; f,i ridhksl fmdfydr
iy mdxY= i;aldrl fh§u ^Incorporation of inorganic 12'3'3 Èrdm;a jQ f.dúm, fmdfydr ^FYM&( f.du" .j
fertilizer and soil amendments& uq;%d" t¿ fmdfydr" l=l=¿ f.dúm, fmdfydr ^poultry
• ridhksl fmdfydr fh§u litter& iy .jhkag ,nd fok wdydr j,ska b;sß jQ øjH
wdÈh hs'
^Application of inorganic fertilizer&
12'3'4 lDIsld¾ñl fnda.wjfYaI( msÿre" fldyqn;a"
• ridhksl Èhr fmdfydr fh§u oyhshd" ,S l=vq" li, f;a wdÈh"
^Application of foliar fertilizer&
j.=j 13( lDIsld¾ñl fnda. wjfYaI lsysmhl fmdaIl
• ridhksl laIqø fmdaIl iemhSu ixhq;sh
^Application of micro nutrients& fnda. wjfYaI C% N% P% K% Mg % C: N

• mdxY= mÍlaIdfjka miq ia:dkSh fmdfydr fh§u msÿr 37.9 0.31   0.29 122
oyhshd 29.7 0.77 0.30  0.16 
Site-specific fertilizer application&
,S l=vq   0.30  0.02 146
• mdxY= i;aldrl ^Wod( fvd,uhsÜ& fh§u
fldyqn;a    0.30  41
^Application of soil amendments& li, f;   0.24  0.26 13
12'3 mßir ys;ldó ldnksl mdxY= fmdaIl m%Njhka m%Njh( f;a w;afmd; ^2008&
^Environment friendly organic nutrient sources&
12'3'5 fldïfmdaiaÜ( fldïfmdiaÜ hkq Ydl øjH yd
ldnksl fmdfydr hkq ldnksl iïNjhla we;s" Ydl fmdaIl
i;a;aj l=Kq li< yd wmøjH" md,kh l< ;;a;aj
iemhSug iy mdxY= fN!;sl mßirh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍug yelshdj
we;s iajdNdúl øjH fõ'
hgf;a" mdxY= Ôúka u.ska Ôj úoHd;aulj yd ridhksl
j Èrdm;a ùug ie,eiaùfuka ilia lr .;a ldnksl
12'3'1 idkaø ldnksl fmdfydr( idkaø ldnksl fmdfydr fmdfydrls' fldïfmdaiaÜ ksmojd .ekSfï wjidk
hkq wfkl=;a ldnksl fmdfydr iuÕ ii|k úg khsg%cka" M,h ldnksl øjH yshquia" yshqñla wï, jeks øjH
fmdiamria iy fmdgEishï jeks m%Odk Ydl fmdaIl by< njg mßj¾;kh ùu h'
m%;sY;hla we;s ldnksl fmdfydr h' Wod¦ fmd,a mqkaklal="
fldfydU weg frdvq" rn¾ weg frdvq" f;a weg frdvq" rglcq weg 12'3'6 fldïfmdaiaÜ l%shdj,sh( fldïfmdaiaÜ iE§fï
frdvq wdÈh hs' l%shdj,sfha § úYd, mdxY= Ôùka úiska ldnksl øjH
l=vd len,s njg ì| ouk w;r laIqø Ôùka tajd
12'3'2 fld< fmdfydr $ yß; fmdfydr( j,a me<Eá" jiqka ;jÿrg;a Ô¾Kh lrhs' tneúka id¾:l fldïfmdaiaÜ
øjHh" fijK Ydl w;=" ;DK j¾. wd§ f;a bvïj, fyda wjg
l%shdj,shla i|yd fuu mdxY= Ôùkag wdydr" f;;ukh"
nyq,j olakg ,efnk ´kEu j¾.hl yß; Ydl øjH'
Tlaiscka" WIaK;ajh" udOHfha iqÿiq mS tÉ w.h iy
j.=j 12( f;a bvïj, nyq,j olakg ,efnk fld< fmdfydr lsysmhl
fmdaIl ixhq;sh( fhda.H wdl,k øjH jeks m%Yia: ;;a;ajhka iemhSu
w;HjYH h'

36 cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh - 2021

12'3'6'1 fldïfmdaiaÜ ñY%Kfha CN wkqmd;h(
fldïfmdaiaÜ ñY%Kfha CN wkqmd;h 10 - 25 w;r
;nd .; hq;= h' ldnka wêl ldnksl øjH ì| oeóu
i|yd laIqø Ôùkag khsg%cka wjYH jk ksid ñY%Kfha
m%Yia: ldnka yd khsg%cka wkqmd;hla ;sîu jeo.;a
h'
12'3'6'2 fldïfmdaiaÜ ñY%Kfha f;;ukh( fldïfmdaiaÜ
ñY%Kfha f;;ukh ishhg 30 - 40 w;r ;nd .;
hq;= h' ñY%Kfha f;;ukh wvq jQ úg fldïfmdaiaÜ
l%shdj,sh ie,lsh hq;= f,i ukao.dó fõ'
12'3'6'3 fldïfmdaiaÜ ñY%Kfha jd;kh( fldïfmdaiaÜ
l%shdj,sfha § iajdhq laIqø Ôùka il%Sh lsÍu i|yd
m%udKj;a ;rï Tlaiscka iemhSu w;HjYH fõ'
tneúka" fldïfmdaiaÜ iE§ug fhdok øjH yryd
Wmßu f,i jd;kh isÿjk wdldrhg fldïfmdaiaÜ
f.dv ilia l< hq;= w;r tajd ñY% lsÍu iy isÿre
yryd m%udKj;a ;rñka jd;h .,d hdug o ie,eiaúh
hq;= h'
12'3'6'4 fldïfmdaiaÜ ñY%Kfha WIaK;ajh( laIqø
Ôùka úiska ksmojk ;dmh fya;=fjka fldïfmdaiaÜ
f.dvj, WIaK;ajh by< hkq we;' fldïfmdaiaÜ
f.dvj, WIaK;ajh my; jeàu hkq fldïfmdaiaÜ
l%shdj,sh fiñka isÿjk nj weÕùuls' fldïfmdaiaÜ
f.dvj, WIaK;ajh fikaáf.a%â wxYl 60 - 65 l Èk
;=kla fyda fikaáf.a%â wxYl 55 l i;shla muK
mj;ajd .ekSfuka tajdfha isáh yels B-flda,dhs iy
ie,afudfk,a,d jeks frda. ldrl úkdY fõ'
12'3'6'5 fldïfmdaiaÜ ñY%Kfha len,sj, m%udKh(
Tlaiscka iemhqu ;=,s; lsÍu iy f;;ukh r|jd
;nd .ekSu i|yd ldnksl øjHj, len,s m%udKh
fikaáógr 1'5 - 5'0 w;r mrdihl ;nd .; hq;= h'
12'3'6'6 fldïfmdaiaÜ ñY%Kfha mS'tÉ w.h( fldïfmdaiaÜ
l%shdj,sh i|yd jvd;a iqÿiq mS tÉ mrdih 6'5 - 8'0
w;r h'
12'3'7 fldïfmdaiaÜ iE§u i|yd Ndú;d l< yels øjH(
• úh<s Ydl øjH( úh<s j,a me< yd fïrE Ydl m;%"
msÿre" bj;,k f;a" oyhshd wdÈh"
• wuq Ydl m;% yd <má fldgia( m%foaYfha iq,N
´kEu fld< j¾.h iy <má w;="
• i;a;aj wmøjH( f.du" t¿ fmdfydr" udi 2 muK
fyd¢ka ÈrE l=l=,a fmdfydr" wdÈh'
• wdl,k øjH( ^.j uQ;%" Èhl, wuq f.du jeks
i;aj wmøjH" fud,eiia" wdÈh& wdl,k øjH tl;=
lsÍfuka fldïfmdaiaÜj, .=Kd;auh by< kexúh
yel' tmamdj, frdla fmdiaf*Ü ^ERP& tl;=
lsÍfuka laIqøÔù l%shdldÍ;ajh by< kexúh yels
w;r fldïfmdaiaÜ ys fmdiamria m%udKh o by,
kxjhs'
12'3'8 fldïfmdaiaÜ idok úúO l%u
^Composting method&(
12'3'8'1 f.dv l%uh( fldïfmdaiaÜ idok myiqu C%uh
f.dv l%uh fõ' fldïfmdaiaÜ f.dv fmr,Su myiq
w;r f;;ukh" jd;h" WIaK;ajh jeks m%Yia;
;;a;ajhka mj;ajd .ekSug iqÿiq u l%uh o fuh
fõ' fuys § ÿ.|la yeóu fyda ueiaika fndaúu isÿ
fkdjk w;r" l=vd mßudKfha fuka u uyd mßudK
fldïfmdaiaÜ ksIamdokh i|yd o iqÿiq h'
fldïfmdaiaÜ ilia lsÍfï f.dv l%uh
fldïfmdaiaÜ ilia lsÍfï mshjr(
• uq,ska u fyd¢ka
ÈrE úh<s fld< iy
w;= len,s fi'ó'7'5
^wÕ,a 3& muK Wig
we;sÍu"
• ;Kfld<" fld<"
len,sj,g lmk
,o w;= wdÈh fi'ó' fldïfmdaiaÜ ilia lsÍfï f.dv C%uh
45 ^wÕ,a 18& la
muK Wig we;sÍu"
• f.du fyda fjk;a i;a;aj fmdfydr ;Ügqjla
fi'ó' 7'5 ^wÕ,a 3& la Wig w;=rd ta u; mer‚
fldïfmdaiaÜ ;=kS ia:rhla iy tmamdj, frdla
fmdiaf*Ü ^ERP& ;=kS ia:rhla we;sÍu"
• fldïfmdaiaÜ wuqøjH f.dv oeka óg¾ 0'6
^wÕ,a 24& la muK jkq we;' wjika Wi ó' 1'2
^wÕ,a 48& la muK jk f;la by; wdldrhg
kej;;a fldïfmdaiaÜ wuqøjH ia:r tl;= lsÍu"
• fldïfmdaiaÜ f.dv ;=<g jd;dY%h iemhSu i|yd
isÿre iys; k, fyda ;rul ,S fmd¨ fojk ia:rh
olajd we;=,a lr" fïjd jßka jr fi,ùfuka
fldïfmdaiaÜ f.dvg jd;kh iemhsh yel'
fldïfmdaiaÜ l%shdj,shg f;;ukh iemhSu i|yd
ks;sm;d j;=r fh§u"
• fldïfmdaiaÜ f.dv j¾Idfjka wdrlaId lr
.ekSug;a fldïfmdaiaÜ f.dv ;=< WIaK;ajh mj;ajd
.ekSug;a l¿ fmd,s;skaj,ska wdjrKh lsÍu"
foaY.=K iqyqre f;a j.d ;dlaIK
37
 • i;s 2 - 3 ;a w;r ld,hlg miqj fldïfmdaiaÜ 12'3'8'5 .evú,s fldïfmdaiÜ a fkdfyd;a ˜j¾ñ
f.dv m<uq fmr,Su yd fmr,Sfuka miq fmr mßÈ fldïfmdaiÜa ˜( .evú,s fldïfmdaiÜ a hkafkka woyia
u jd;dY%h iy f;;ukh kej; ,nd §u" lrkafka .evú,s
mKqjka Ndú; lsÍu
• m<uq fmr,Sfï isg i;s folla ;=< fldïfmdaiaÜ u.ska ldnksl øjH
f.dv kej; fmr,d bka miqj mßK; ùu i|yd fldïfmdaiÜa njg m;a
ndOdjlska f;drj ;eîu" lsÍu h' fuu l%h s dj,sh
• udi 3 - 4 muK ld,hlska miq mßK; jQ uÕska Wiia ;;a;j a fha
fldïfmdaiaÜ Ndú;hg iQodkï h' fldïfmdaiÜa ksIm a dokh
lsÍug yels jk w;r" .evú,s fldïfmdaiaÜ tallhka
12'3'8'2 j, l%uh( l=vd mßudKfha fldïfmdaiaÜ fldïfmdaiÜa ieliqï
ksIamdokh i|yd o iqÿiq ld,h o ie,lsh hq;=
jk w;r f.j;= i|yd jeä f,i wvq fjhs'
jYfhka fhdod .; yel'
jeä Y%uhla jehfjk w;r" .evú,s fldïfmdaiÜa
m%Yia; ;;a;ajhka mj;ajd l%uh idfmalI a j ,dNodhS
.ekSu wmyiq h' j¾Id jkafka .evú,s mKqjka
ld,fha È .eg¨ we;s lrhs fldïfmdaiÜa f.dvlg
ÿÕo yeóu fyda ueiaika fldïfmdaiaÜ ilia lsÍfï y÷kajd ÿka miq
j, l%uh .evú,s fldïfmdaiaÜ
fndaùug bvlv we;' Wka úisku a ta øjH
12'3'8'3 n÷ka $ fldagq rduq l%uh( fuh o l=vd mßudKfha ñY% lr" jd;kh lr blaukska Èrdm;a lrk neúks'
fldïfmdaiaÜ ksIamdokh tneúka fldïfmdaiÜ
a f.dfâ m%udKj;a ;rï .evú,s
i|yd iqÿiq jk w;r" mKqjka isà kï fldïfmdaiÜ
a f.dv ñY% lsÍug fyda
l=vd f.dúfmd, yd fmr<Sug wm fjfyi úh hq;= ke;'
f.j;=j,g jvd;a iqÿiq .evú,s mKq tallhla wdrïN lsÍu i|yd kejqï fyda
h' nÿk iE§u i|yd Èrdm;a jQ f.du" t¿ fmdfydr" W!re fmdfydr fyda w¾O
.a,sßisähd fldagq Ndú;d jYfhka Èrdm;a jQ l=l¿ = fmdfydr jeks khsgc
% ka nyq,
l< yel' fldïfmdaiaÜ ldnksl øjH ks;m s ;d iemhSug isÿfõ' lDIs wmøjH"
wuq øjH fmr,Sula isÿ uq¿;ekaf.hs wmøjH jeks wfkl=;a ldnksl wmøjH o
fkdfõ' blaukska fldïfmda iaÜ ilia lsÍfï
fldagq rduq l%uh iqÿiq CN wkqmd;h ;sfí kï Ndú; l< yel'
úh<Sug Ndckh jk
w;r laIqøðúkaf.a 12'3'8'6 .evú,s fldïfmdaiÜ
a tallhla ia:dmkh lsÍu(
l%shdldß;ajh i|yd Wia ìul fijKla hg iqÿiq ia:dkhla f;dard f.k
f;;aj ;nd .; hq;= .evú,s fldïfmdaiÜ a md;a;s ilia l< hq;= w;r j¾Idj
h' ÿÕola yeóu fyda ld,fha c,h tlaùu je<elaùu i|yd fuh jeo.;a h'
ueiaika fndaùu isÿ idudkHfhka .evú,s fldïfmdaiÜ a f.dfvys m<,
fkdjk w;r fnda. óg¾ 1'2 fkdblau úh hq;= w;r Wi ógr Nd.hla
wjfYaI" j,a me< jeks oE fkdblau úh hq;= h" kuq;a fldïfmdaiÜ a f.dv i|yd
m%;spl%shlrKh i|yd wjYH ´kEu È.la ;sìh yels h'
jeo.;a h' udi ;=klska fldïfmdaiaÜ ilia lsÍfï n÷ka C%uh
muK fldïfmdiaÜ ksis c,dmjyk ;;a;j a hla iy;sl lsÍu i|yd
fmdfydr idod .; yel' fldïfmdaiÜa f.dfvys mdol ;Ügqj .fvd,a fyda .,a
leg j,ska ilia lr fikaá ógr 6 - 7'5 olajd >klug
12'3'8'4 fmÜá l%uh( nEjqï iys; m%foaY i|yd r¿ je,s oeñh hq;= h' r¿ je,s u; fikaáógr 15 la
jvd;a fhda.H fõ' m<uqj muK mia ;Ügqjla oeñh hq;= w;r miqj tajd m%udKj;a
fldïfmdaiaÜ wuqøjHh f,i f;;a l< hq;= h' .evú,s mKqjka fuu mdxY=
by<u fmÜáfha uQ,sl ia:rhg y÷kajd fok w;r bka wk;=rej" kejqï fyda
Èrdm;aùug bv yÍ' bka úh,s f.du l=vd len,s mi u; úisrejd" miqj úh<s
miqj i;s ;=klg jrla fld< fyda ldnksl wmøjH ;Ügqjla fikaáógr 10 la
ms<sfj,ska fojk fmÜáhg muK Wilg we;sßh hq;= h'
o" ;=kafjks fmÜáhg o fldïfmdaiaÜ ilia lsÍfï fmÜá
fldïfmdaiaÜ øjH udre C%uh
bka miq iïmQ¾K ieleiau u f;;a jk ;=re m%udKj;a
lrkak' laIqøÔúkaf.a ;rï c,h bish hq;= h' wjidk jYfhka" l=re,a,ka
l’%hdldß;ajh i|yd fldïfmdaiaÜ øjH iys; fmÜá fldïfmdaiÜa f.dvg ndOd lsÍu je<elaùu i|yd uq¿
f;;aj ;nd .; hq;= h' udi 2 - 3 lska fldïfmdaiaÜ tallhu fmd,a w;=j,ska wdjrKh l< hq;= h' uq¿
fmdfydr ,nd .; yel' moaO;shu úh<Su je<elaùu i|yd c,h fh§u Èk 30
la muK wLKavj isÿ l< hq;= h' fldïfmdaiÜ
a f.dfv
ys c, l<ukdlrKh b;d jeo.;a nj Tn u;l ;nd
.; hq;h= ukao mKqjkaf.a meje;aug c,h w;HjYH
fõ'
38 cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh - 2021
fldïfmdaiaÜ f.dv ilia lr i;s 4 lg muK miq
msÿre" fnda. wjfYaI" i;a;aj fmdfydr" fld<" j,a
me,Eá jeks ldnksl øjH fikaáógr 5 - 10 l >klu
ia:r f,i fldïfmdaiaÜ f.dv u; we;sÍug isÿfõ'
tf,i ldnksl øjH tl;= lsÍu i;shlg fojrla
isÿ l< hq;=h kuq;a ia:rfha >Klu tla fhÿulg
fikaáógr 5 fkdblauúh hq;= h'
fldïfmdaiaÜ f.dv ,sys,aj mia fyda fmd,a w;=j,ska
wdjrKh l< hq;= w;r ysre t<sfhka fijk l, hq;=
h' uq¿ moaO;shu f;;a j ;nd .ekSug udi foll
muK ld,hla c,h fh§u lr f.k hd hq;= h'
fldïfmdaiaÜ iE§fï l%shdj,sh bÈßhg hk úg
ldnksl øjH uDÿ ù" ;o ÿUqre øjHhla njg m;a fõ'
fldïfmdaiaÜ f.dv ilia lr i;s yhlg muK miq
mKqjkag ydkshla fkdjk mßÈ .evú,s fmdfydr
wiajekak fk,Su i|yd .evú,s mKqjka fldïfmdaiaÜ
f.dfvys my< ia:rj,g .uka lsÍu i|yd c,h
fh§u k;r l< hq;= h' w;ska weys£fuka fyda ñ'ó' 2'0
- 2'5 olajd m%udKfha isÿre iys; oe,la yryd .evú,s
fmdfydr ye,Sfuka Tng .evú,s mKqjka bj;a l<
yel'
idudkHfhka" .evú,s mKqjka lsf,da.%Eï tlla iys;
ksis f,i kv;a;= l, fldïfmdaiaÜ f.dvlska udi
tlyudrla fyda folla we;=<;" .evú,s fmdfydr
lsf,da.%Eï 10 la muK ksmoúh yel' tl;= lrk
,o .evú,s fmdfydr wõfõ úh<d fyd| ;;a;ajfha
.evú,s fmdfydr idod .; yel'
ks¾foaYs; wldnksl fmdfydr iuÕ .evú,s fmdfydr
f;a j.djg fh§fuka fyd| m%;sM, ,efnk nj
m¾fhaIKj,ska fy<s ù we;'
12'3'9 .evú,s Èhr fmdfydr ^Vermiwash&(
.evú,s mKqjka Ôj;ajk fldïfmdaiaÜ Ndckhla
yryd fiñka jEfyk c,h tla/ia lr .evú,s Èhr
ilia lr .; yel' tu .evú,s Èhr fmdaIl m%Njhla
f,i Ydl m;% u;g bish yel' .evú,s Èhrj, we;s
fmdaIl .=Khg
jvd tajdfha wvx.=j
we;ehs ie,flk
Ydl j¾Ol ixfhda.
^fydafudak j¾.
jeks& fnda.fha
j¾Okh g jeo.;a
ld¾hNdrhla bgq
lrk nj ie,fla' .evú,s Èhr fmdfydr tallhka
.evú,s Èhr f,i
tl;= lr.kakd
ødjKh ;kql lr m;% u; fhÈh hq;= h'
12'3'10 ffcj ldnksl fmdfydr Ndú;h
^Use of bio-organic fertilizer&
ridhksl fmdfydr nyq,j Ndú; lsÍu mßir ¥IKh"
m,sfndaO i|yd olajk m%;sfrdaOh wvq ùu jeks nrm;,
.eg¨ u;= lrhs' ;sridr lDIsld¾ñl ixj¾Okfha
iy wdydr iqrlaIs;;d wjYH;d fya;=fjka ridhksl
fmdfydr Ndú; l< hq;= w;r" ridhksl fmdfydr
Ndú;h w¾O jYfhka fyda m%;sia:dmkh lsÍu i|yd
Ydl j¾Okhg m%fhdackj;a laIqø Ôùka Ndú;h tkï
ffcj ldnksl fmdfydr Ndú;h flfrys wjOdkh
fhduq lrk m¾fhaIK jeä fjñka mj;S'
fï wkqj" Ydl j¾Okhg m%fhdackj;a g%hsfldv¾ud
keu;s laIqø Ôù m%fNaoh iys; ffcj ldnksl fmdfydr
Ndú;h ms<sn| isÿ l< mÍlaIK ud,djl § wiajekak"
.=Kd;aulNdjh iy fmdfydr b;sßh iïnkaOfhka
Wmßu m%;s,dN ,nd .ekSu i|yd g%hsfldv¾ud ffcj
ldnksl fmdfydr" ridhksl fmdfydr hï wkqmd;hla
iuÕ Ndú; l< yels nj fmkS f.dia we;'
12'3'10'1 Ydl jeãu m%j¾Okh lrk rhsfidnelaàßhd
ffcj fmdfydr
^Plant Growth Promoting
Rhizobacteria- PGPR&
f;a Ydlh jeãu m%j¾Okh lrk rhsfidnelaàßhd
ffcj fmdfydr hkq f;dard.;a wl%sh udOHhla ;=<
j¾Okh lrk" jdhqf.da,Sh khsg%cka ;sr lsÍfï yd
mdxY= fmdiamria ødjH;dj jeä lsÍfï yelshdj we;s"
Ydl j¾Okhg ys;lr laIqøÔù ñY%Khls' úfYaIfhka"
fuu rhsfidnelaàßhd w;ßka Aospirillum kï
nelaàßhd úfYaIh jdhqf.da,fha we;s khsg%cka
Ydlhkag wjfYdaIKh lr .; yels wdldrhg
mßj¾;kh lr Ydlhkag ,nd § rks, l=,hg wh;a
fkdjk fnda.hka ys j¾Okhg WmldÍ fõ' fmdiamria
ødjH;dj jeä lsÍfï yelshdj we;s laIqøÔù úfYaI
f;a j.djg fhdok tmamdj, frdla fmdiafmaÜ j,ska
,nd fok fmdiamria m%udKh jeä lrk ksid f;a
j.djg fhdok frdla fmdiafmaÜ m%udKh 50] lska
muK wvq lr .; yels nj fmkS f.dia we;'
by; nelaàßhdjka .ykh mi ;=< jeä lsÍfuka
Ydlhg my; i|yka jdis /ila u w;afõ'
• ridhksl fmdfydrj, ld¾hlaIu;dj 10] - 15]
muK jeä ùu"
• Ydl j, iY%sl j¾Okhla iu. jeä wiajekak"
• Ydl j¾Ol W;af;acl iajNdúl j ksIamdokh lr
Ydl uq,aj,g ,nd §u"
• Ydl frda. md,khg WmldÍ ùu'
ridhksl øjH Ndú;hlska f;drj isÿ jk ksid" fï
ish,a, mßir ys;ldó fõ'
foaY.=K iqyqre f;a j.d ;dlaIK
39
f;a j.dfõ m%Odk j.d l,dmj,g wkql+,j y÷kd .;a
foaYSh Ydl j¾Ol nelaàßhd wvx.= ffcj fmdfydr
ñY%K taldnoaO fmdaIK l<ukdlrKfha § fhdod
.ekSfuka j.dj i|yd ks¾foaYs; ridhksl fmdfydr
ñY%Kfha khsg%cka iy fmdiamria m%udKh wvq lsÍfï
yelshdj we;'
12'3'11 lr oyhshd fkdfyd;a oyhshd wÕ=re
^Paddy-husk charcoal&
lr oyhshd fkdfyd;a lr wÕ=re mfia fN!;sl .=Kdx.
^WodyrK f,i¦ iújr;dj" jd;kh" iuQy >k;ajh"
c,h r|jd .ekSfï yelshdj" wdÈh& ÈhqKq l< yels
mdxY= i;aldrhls' c,h r|jd .ekSfï yelshdj iy
jd;kh fyd¢ka ÈhqKq jk ksid lroyhshd ñY%l,
mila mdxY= Ôúkaf.a j¾Okhg b;d fyd| mdxY=
mßirhla ks¾udKh lr fohs'
lroyhshd ksIamdokfha isoaOdka;h kï ;dmh
ikakhkh u.ska oyhshdj, WIaK;ajh by, kxjd"
tajd md¾Yaúl ms<siaiSulg ,la lsÍuhs' Tlaiscka b;d
wvq mßirhl isÿ jk md¾Yaúl oykhla ksid idudkH
oykhl § isÿ jk fmdgEishï Tlaihsâ" is,slka
Tlaihsâ jeks Tlaihsv iE§u;a" ldnkavfhdlaihsâ
úfhdackh ùu;a b;du;a wvqfjka isÿ fõ'
oyhshd j, wvx.= fndfyda fmdaIl lroyhshd ;=<
we;s w;r oyhshd j, ;snQ fi,shqf,daia" ,s.akSka
iy wfkl=;a ldfndayhsfâ%g leã ì£ bj;a ù hdu
muKla isÿ fõ' lr oyhshd ksjfia § u ir, l%u
u.ska ms<sfh, lr .ekSug fyda fj<| fmdf<ka ñ,
§ .ekSug mq¿jk' tajd wfkl=;a ldnksl fmfydr
iuÕ fyda ks¾foaYs; ridhksl fmdfydr iuÕ ñY%
lr j.djka i|yd fh§fuka by< m%;s,dN ,nd .;
yels nj fmkS f.dia we;'
12'3'12 ffcj wÕ=re fkdfyd;a nfhdapd ^Bio-char&
ffcj wÕ=re fkdfyd;a nfhda-pd hkq ´kEu ldnksl
øjHhla Tlaiscka rys;
mßirhl oykh lsÍfuka
idod .kakd iqmsß ldnka
j¾.hls' ffcj wÕ=re
hkq lr wÕ=rej,u ÈhqKq
;;a;ajhls' ffcj wÕ=re
iE§u i|yd oyhshd" msÿre
fyda fjk;a f.dúm, lr oyhshd idod .ekSu
wmøjH fhdod .; yel'
fïjd iE§fï § ldnksl øjHj, we;s fi,shqf,daia"
,s.akSka iy fjk;a ldnksl fkdjk øjH bj;a jk
w;r" ldnksl øjHj, we;s msßisÿ ldnka muKla
b;sß fõ' ffcj wÕ=re hkq ia:djr ldnka ksid fïjd
mi ;=< jir oyia .Kkla mjd mej;sh yels nj
jd¾;d fõ'
40 cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh - 2021
ffcj wÕ=rej, jdis¦
• ffcj wÕ=rej, we;s ishqï isÿre c,h r|jd
.ekSfï Odß;dj by< kxjhs"
• ffcj wÕ=re u.ska mfia legdhk yqjudre Odß;dj
by< kxjk ksid fmdaIl ld¾hlaIu;dj by< hhs"
• laIqø Ôùka i|yd fhda.H mdxY= mßirhla ilihs"
• ireidr iy ksfrda.su;a mila we;s lrk w;r
mfia fmdaIl ;;a;ajh o by< kxjhs'
foaY.=‚l úm¾hdi j<lajd .ekSug jdhqf.da,fhka
ldnka bj;a lsÍu b;d jeo.;a wjYH;djls' fuh
ldnka ;sr lsÍu fyda ldnka isr lr ;nd .ekSu
f,i y÷kajhs' mßirfha we;s ldnksl øjHj, ldnka
ffcj wÕ=re njg m;a lr mi ;=< ;sr lsÍu foaY.=K
úm¾hdi ksid we;sjk n,mEï wju lsÍu i|yd
b;du;a hym;a mshjrls'
12' 4 wldnksl mdxY= fmdaIl Ndú;h
^Use of nutrients from Inorganic sources&
f;a j.dj i|yd Ndú;hg .; yels wldnksl mdxY=
fmdaIl m%Njhka ldKav folla we;'
12'4'1 iajNdúl iïNjhla iys; wldnksl Ydl
fmdaIl m%Nj ^Natural inorganic source&
fïjd fndfyda úg Lksc ksê leŒfuka ,nd .kakd
fmdaIl m%Njhka h' WodyrK f,i fvd,uhsÜ
^fuys ue.akSishï iy le,aishï fmdaIl wvx.= h&"
fmdgEishï fmdaIlh ,ndfok fmdgEishï laf,darhsâ"
is,ajhsÜ ^Sylvite& Lksc ksê ;=< wka;¾.; jk w;r"
yhsfv%dlaiswemghsÜ ^Hydroxyapatite& Lksc ksêfh
ys fmdiaf*Ü wvx.= h'
12'4'2 ixiaf,aIs; ^lD;%su& wldnksl Ydl fmdaIl
m%Nj ^Synthetic inorganic sources)
fïjd ridhkslj ixiaf,aIKh l< wldnksl fmdfydr
ix>glhka h' fujeks fmdfydr ix>glhkag
WodyrK kï wefudakshd jdhqj i,amshqßla wï,h
iuÕ m%;sl%shd ùug ie,eiaùfuka idok wefudakshï
i,afmaÜ fmdfydr" iskala f,dayh i,amshqßla wï,h
iuÕ m%;sl%shd ùug i,iajd ksmojk iskala i,afmaÜ
h' ridhksl ixiaf,aIKh l%shdj,s ;=< § ksmofjk
hï hï ridhksl wmøjH fujeks fmdfydr iuÕ
wvx.= ù ;sìh yel'
by; fmdfydr ix>glhkag jvd fjkia iajNdjla
yd ksIamdok l%shdj,shla iys; fmdfydr ix>glhla
lDIsld¾ñl Ndú;h ;=< we;' ta hQßhd h' hQßhd
hkq f,dj nyq,j u Ndú;d lrk khsá%cka fmdaIl
m%Njh h' fuys khsá%cka fmdaIlh 46] wvx.= jk
w;r th ldnksl fmdfydr ixfhda.hls' kuq;a fuh
ixYaf,aIKh lrkqfha ridhksl l%shdj,shla ;=<ska
ksid fuh ldnksl fmdfydrla f,i fkdie,fla'
f,dj ridhkslj ixiaf,aIKh l< uq,a u ldnksl
fmdfydr ix>glh hQßhd f,i o ie,fla'
12'4'3 f;a j.dj i|yd ks¾foaYs; wldnksl ^ridhksl& fmdfydr ñY%K
^Recommended inorganic ^chemical& fertilizer mixtures for tea

fmdaIl ixhq;sh ^]&

ks¾foaYs; fmdfydr
fhdok wjia:dj
ñY%K N P2O5 K2O MgO S
1 f;a ;jdka i|yd 7   11.1 3.7 12.7
2 fkdfïrE f;a" uõ m÷re T 200 10.3 6.9  3.0 
3 <má f;a ^3 jk iy 4 jir& 7 13.7 3.7  1.6 
4 mqkre;a:dmk ;DK 8 16.6 11.4 14.4
5 Wvrg$ueorg wvq wiajkq ßls<s$îc f;a ST/UM 400  6.2 17.6
6 my;rg wvq wiajkq ßls<s iy îc f;a 67/& 24.7 6.7 13.6
7 W!j wvq wiajkq ßls<s iy îc f;a 6789$ 20.7  20.7
8 Wvrg iy ueorg mßK; ßls<s f;a VP/UM 910 29.7 3.9 13.2
9 my;rg mßK; ßls<s f;a 93/& 30.7 4.1 11.4
10 W!j mßK; ßls<s f;a 9389$   
11 Wvrg$ueorg by< wiajkq ßls<s f;a VP/UM1020 31.4 3.4 
12 my;rg by< wiajkq ßls<s f;a 93/&  3.3 9.3
13 W!j by< wiajkq ßls<s f;a 9389$ 30.3 3.3 13.3
14 lSirhsÜ imsß mßK; f;a fmdfydr 8 24.0 3.6 12.0 3.6 3.4
15 i,a*¾ imsß mßK; f;a fmdfydr 87 24.6 26.6 13.3 2.7
oekg f;a m¾fhaIKdh;k ks¾foaYhka w;r ke;;a f;a f.dùka úiska mßK; f;a j.djka i|yd Ndú;d lrk
ridhksl fmdfydr ñY%K iy tajdfha fmdaIl ixhq;Ska(

fmdaIl ixhq;sh ^]&

fhdok wjia:dj fmdfydr ñY%K
N P2O5 K2O S
iEu f;a j.dlrk m%foaYhlu mßK; U 709   14.2 
f;a ^o¿ lvk f;a & i|yd
T 1130    

fmdfydr ix>gl T 1130 ñY%Kh fmdaIl ixhq;sh ^]&

wefudakshï i,af*Ü fldgia 874 ^N fldgia 180& iy ^s fldgia 209'7& 20'6] N iy 24'0S

iefmdia fmdiaf*Ü fldgia 106 ^P20 fldgia 30& 28'0] P2ൠ5

ñhqßfhaÜ T*a fmdgEIa fldgia 150 ^K20 fldgia 90& 60'0] K2ൠ

fmdfydr ix>gl U 709 ñY%Kh fmdaIl ixhq;sh ^]&

hQßhd fldgia 438 ^N fldgia 201& 46] N

tmamdj, frdla fmdiaf*Ü fldgia 103 ^P2O fldgia 33'4& 32'5] P2ൠ5

ñhqßfhaÜ T*a fmdgEIa fldgia 168 ^K2O fldgia 100'8& 60'0] K2ൠ

foaY.=K iqyqre f;a j.d ;dlaIK

41
12'4'4 kefkda fmdfydr Ndú;h
^Use of Nano-fertiliers&
lDIsl¾udka;fha § Ndú;d lrk hQßhd fmdfydr
úYd, m%udKhla wefudakshd jdhqj f,i
jdhqf.da,hg tl;= ùu" laIrKh ùu" mi u;=msáka
.,dhk c,h iu. bj;aùu wd§ jYfhka mßirhg
tl;= ùu ksid foaY.=‚l fjkia ùï" mßir ¥IKh"
N+.; c,h ¥IKh jeks jHikldÍ ;;a;ajhkag
uqyqK §ug isÿj we;' fïjdg ms<shula f,i uE;
ld,Skj úoHd{hska úiska kefkda ;dlaIKhkaf.a
úNjh m¾fhaIK ;=<ska Tmamq lr we;'
kefkda hkq ñkqula jk w;r th ógrfhka
ì,shkfhka fldgils' m%udKh tfia jqj o" kefKda
;dlaI‚l ksuehqï .ek i,ld ne,Sfï § iy tajd
fjk;a øjHhka yd ñY% lsÍfuka tlS øjHhkag
,ndfok w;suy;a ld¾hlaIu nj kek ;dlaIKh
flfrys f,dalfha wjOdkh fhduq ùug fya;= ù we;'
mfiys ire nj /l .ekSug" fNda.j, j¾Okh
ld¾hlaIu lsÍug wjYH fmdfydr iy lDñ kdYl
kefkda lemaiq, u.ska ksYaÑ; b,lalhgu ,nd §ug
yelsùu lDIs l¾udka;fha § b;du;a jeo.;a h'
12'4'4'1 yhsfv%dlaiswemghsÜ ^Hydroxyapatite& kefkda
hQßhd fouqyqka fmdfydr
42 cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh - 2021
f;a j.dj i|yd iqÿiq mßÈ khsg%cka fiñka uqod
yeÍfï yelshdjla we;s yhsfv%dlaiswemghsÜ wdjß;
kefkda hQßhd fouqyqka fmdfydrla Y%S ,xld kefkda
;dlaIK wdh;kfha úoHd{hska úiska ksmojd we;s
w;r th f;a m¾fhaIKdh;kh iuÕ tlaj mÍlaId
lr we;' by; kefkda fmdfydr ix>glfha 40]
khsg%cka m%;sY;hla we;'
f;a j.dj i|yd yhsfv%dlaiswemghsÜ kefkda hQßhd
fouqyqka fmdfydr ms<sn| wOHhkhla wdrïN lsÍu
Y%S ,xldfõ f;a j.d lrk m%foaYj, wvq fmdfydr
ld¾hlaIu;dj iy wvq M,odhs;dj iïnkaOfhka
mj;sk ;;a;ajhkag ms<s;=rla jkq we;' fuu wOHhkfha
m%Odk mrud¾:h jQfha mfiys iy Ydlj, fmdaIl
;;a;ajh" wiajekak iy f;aj, .=Kd;aulNdjh
flfrys úúO ud;%d iy wkqmd; hgf;a fuu kefkda
fmdfydr fh§fï n,mEu we.hSuhs'
fuu kefkda hQßhd fmdfydr lafIa;% mÍlaIKhkaf.a
oekg ,enQ m%;sM, wkqj my;rg iy W!j m%foaYhkag
ks¾foaYs; idïm%odhsl fmdfydr u.ska ,nd fok
wiajekakg idfmalaIj fuu kefkda fmdfydr
fh§fuka by< wiajekakla ,nd § we;s nj jd¾;d fõ'
kefkda fmdfydr u.ska fmdfydr Ndú;d lrkakkayg"
i;=kag iy mßirhg isÿ úh yels n,mEï ;lafiare
lsÍulska wk;=rej" fuu ksIamdokh f;a j.dj i|yd
ld¾hlaIu fmdfydrla f,i ks¾foaY lrkq we;'
 13 Harvesting of Tea
f;a o¿ fk,Su
f;a o¿ fk,Su hkq f;a j.dfõ jeo.;a u j.d lghq;a;
jkafka iuia; j.d lghq;=j,ska wfmalaIs; wruqK
jk wiajekak ,nd .ekSu isÿjkafka o¿ fk,Su
u.ska jk ksid h' j.d lghq;= w;ßka jeäu lïlre
wjYH;djhla we;af;a o o¿ fk,Su i|yd h'
kqiqÿiq mßÈ o¿ fk,Su fláld,Skj f;a j.dfõ
wiajekakg yd È.=ld,Skj f;a j.dfõ meje;aug o"
lïlre M,odhs;djg fuka u ksñ f;aj, .=Kd;auhg
o wys;lr f,i n,mdhs' fï ksid ish¨u j.d lghq;=
w;ßka o¿ fk,Su ms<sn| jvd;a u ie,ls,su;a úh
hq;= h'
o¿ fk,Sfï ld¾hfha § jvd jeä N+ñldjla o¿
fk,kakshkag we;s nj fmkqK o we;a; jYfhkau
ksjerÈ o¿ fk,Sula i|yd jeä rdcldßhla mejÍ
we;af;a o¿ fk,Sfï uQ,sl lghq;= ;SrKh lrk j;=
ysñhka$j;= wêldßjreka fyda lafIa;% ks,OdÍka w;
h'
13'1 o¿ fk,Sfï § lafIa;% ks,OdÍkaf.a j.lSu
^Responsibilities of field officer&
• o¿ fk,Sfï ld,igykla ksjerÈj ieliSu( fuys
§ foaY.=K ;;a;ajh" o¿ fk,kakshka iq,N;dj"
wkq.ukh lrk o¿ fk,Sfï m%;sm;a;sh ^o¿
m%ñ;sh" o¿ fk,Sfï ;Sj%;dj h" wd§&" wfmalaIs;
ksñ f;a .=Kd;auh wd§ lreKq ie,ls,a,g .;
hq;= h'
• o¿ fk,Su ;SrKh l< bvfï we;s f;a j¾.h
^weg f;a" ßls,s f;a&" j.dfõ jhi" lmamdÿ pl%fha
jir" f;a m%fNaoh wd§ lreKq mokï lr .ksñka
wjYH o¿ fk,kakshka ixLHdj o¿ fk,Su i|yd
fhoúh hq;= h'
• o¿ fk,kakshkaf.a myiqj i|yd f;a bvu
j,ame<j,ska f;drj ;nd .ekSug lghq;= l< hq;=
h'
• f;a m÷rej, Wi o¿ fk,Sug myiq uÜgul
we;aoe hs ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= h'
• o¿ fk,Sug wjYH WmlrK" ieye,a¨ yd
m%udKj;a o¿ l+v" uÜgï ,S wdÈh iemhsh hq;=h'
• ksrka;rfhka o¿ l+vh ysia lsÍu i|yd wjYH
wu;r o¿ l+v iy iqÿiq u¨ iemhSu"
• Èklg wjia:d lSmhla fkÆ o¿ lsrd n,d
igyka lr .ekSug iqÿiq ia:dkhla iQodkï lsÍu"
lafIa;% ks,OdÍkaf.a j.lSï w;r fjhs'
o¿ fk,kakshkaf.ka by< M,odhs;djla wfmalaId
l< yelafla fuu lreKq ksjerÈj bgq lsÍfuka mu‚'
13'2 o¿ fk,kakshkaf.a j.lSu
^Responsibilities of tea plucker&
• lafIa;% ks,OdÍka ;SrKh l< lafIa;%hg kshñ;
fõ,djg meñŒu"
• o¿ ;,fha uÜgu ;nd .ekSug uÜgï ,Sh ksjerÈj
Ndú; lsÍu yd fk,k o,a, ;SrKh lsÍug uÜgï
,Sh Ndú; lsÍu"
• iEuúgu uÜgï ,Shg by<ska we;s o¿ muKla
fk<d .ekSu" j¾Id ld,fha § kï ók m;%hg ^uõ
fld<hla b;=re fkdlr& 75] la muK o¿ fk,d
.ekSu iy b;sß m%udKh uõ m;%hla ;nd fk,Su"
mdhk ld,fha § uõ m;%hla b;sß lr 75] la muK
o¿ fk,d .ekSug yd b;sßh ók m;%hg fk,Su"
• uÜgï ,Shg by<ska we;s" <má o¿ yer" wfkl=;a
ish¨u o¿ fk<d .ekSu yd tajd w;r fïrE o¿
we;akï fï? fldgi lvd bj;a lsÍu"
• uÜgï ,Shg háka we;s o¿ leãfuka je<lS isàu"
• f;a j.dfõ fmdf<dj o¿ ;,fhka jeiS ke;akï
f;a m÷f¾ md¾Yaúl w;=j, we;s o¿ jefvkak bv
yer blaukska mi wdjrKhg bv ie,iSu"
• o¿ ;,fha ´kEu ia:dkhl we;s <má wl%sh o¿
^jx.s o¿& ÿgq ú.i fk<d .ekSu yd fïrE wl%sh o¿
bj;a lsÍu"
• fk,d .;a o¿ w;aj, fmdä ùug" ;e,Sug bv
fkd§ yels blaukska l+vhg oeóu"
• o¿ l+vfha we;s o¿ fjk;a l+vhlg fyda u,a,lg
udre lrk úg tajd ;e,Sug fyda fmdä ùulg
Ndckh fkdjk fia th isÿ lsÍu"
• iEu wjia:djl § u m÷f¾ we;s fmdl=re w;= bj;a
lsÍu
13'3 o¿ fk,Sfï m%;sm;a;sh ^Harvesting Policies&
o¿ fk,Su i|yd iqÿiq m%;sm;a;shla wkq.ukh lsÍu
jeo.;a h' fuys§ uQ,slj wruqKq lr .; hq;af;a
.=Kd;aul f;a l¾udka;Yd,djg iemhSu" o¿
wiajekak by< kxjd .ekSu" f;a j.dfõ ;sridr nj
mj;ajd .ekSu" o¿ fk,kakshkag by< fõ;khla
,nd .ekSug wjia:dj i,id §u o¿ fk,kakshkaf.a
ld¾hlaIu;dj by< kexùu wd§ lreKq h'
foaY.=K iqyqre f;a j.d ;dlaIK
43
13'3'1 o¿ fk¿ï ;;a;ajh ^Plucking standard&( fuh
fk,d.kakd o¿j, ;;a;ajh ms<sn| woyila fohs'
fk,d .kakd o¿ j,ska jeä m%;sY;hla wvx.= jkafka
<má fld< folla iy w. o,a, kï th wk¾> o¿
fk,Sula f,io fk,d .;a o¿ w;r jeä m%;sY;hla
we;af;a fld< ;=k ^;=kajeks fld<h fkdfïrE& yd
w. o,a, kï th uOHia: o¿ fk,Sula f,i o" o¿
j,ska jeä m%;sY;hla fïrE ;=kajeks fld<hla iys;
fld< ;=kla iy wxl=r iy fïrE jx.s o¿ kï th
fïre o¿ fk,Sula f,i o ie,fla'
.=Kd;aul o¿ fk,Sula f,i i,lkafka wk¾>
o¿ fk,Su jqj o uOHia: o¿ fk,Su o ms<s.; yels
uÜgul mj;S' fïrE o¿ l¾udka;Yd,djg iemhSfuka
ksmoúh yelafla .=Kd;aufhka wvq ksñ f;a h'
13'3'2 o¿ fk,Sfï ;Sj%;dj ^Pluckingeverity&( o¿
fk,Sfï ;Sj%;dj f,i i,lkafka jefvk o,a,l
l=uk ia:dkfhka o¿j fk,d .kafka o hk lreK
h'
jevqKq o¿jl fyd¢ka fïrE mßmQ¾K m;%hla b;sß lr
b;sß fldgi muKla fk,d .;af;a kï th ieye,a¨
o¿ fk,Sula f,i o fïrE mßmQ¾K m;%hla m÷rg
b;sß fkdlr ók m;%hg o¿ fk,d .ekSu oeä o¿
fk,Sula f,i o y÷kajhs'
È.ska È.gu oeä o¿ fk,Su f;a m÷f¾ meje;aug
wys;lr jk kuq;a j¾Id ld,fha tfia lsÍu m÷rg
wys;lr f,i n,mdkafka ke;' tfukau j¾Id ld,fha
o¿j, j¾Okh fõ.j;a ksid fuu ld,fha ieye,a¨
o¿ fk,Su wkq.ukh lsÍfuka m÷r wkjYH f,i
Wi hdu isÿúh yel' ieye,a¨ o¿ fk,Sula ;=<ska f;a
m÷rg m%udKj;a ;rï kv;a;= m;% ;,hla tl;= jk
ksid j.dfõ uq,a ld,fha § fuka u lmamdÿfõ uÜgï
lemSfuka miq uq,a udi lSmh ;=< wkq.ukh i|yd
ks¾foaY lrkqfha o ieye,a¨ o¿ fk,Suls'
13'3'2'1 ieye,a¨ o¿ fk,Su wkq.ukhg fhda.H wjia:d(
• f;a m÷r o¿ fk,Su i|yd mqyqKq lrk wjêh
• lmamdÿfjka miq o¿ fk,Su wdrïN lr uq,a
udi 4 - 5 l ld,h
• j¾Idj fkdue;s ld,h
• ksh.hlg miq o¿ fk,Su wdrïNfha §
13'3'2'2 oeä o¿ fk,Su isÿ l< hq;= wjia:d(
• lmamdÿ pl%fha wjika jif¾ f;a m÷r Wi hEu
j<lajd .ekSug
• j¾Id ld,fha § o¿ j¾Okh fõ.j;a wjêfha
• nqn¿ wx.udr frda.h fyda fgdag‘%laia o<Uq
ydksh me;sr hEu j,lajd .ekSug
13'3'3 o¿ fk,k mr;rh ^Plucking round&( o¿
fk,k wjia:d folla w;r ld,h o¿ fk,k mr;rh
f,i y÷kajhs' f;a j.d lrk m%foaYh" f;a j¾.h"
lmamdÿ pl%fha mj;sk jir" foaY.=‚l ;;a;ajh o¿
fk,kakshka iq,N;dj" wd§ idOl u; fuh Èk 5 -
10 olajd fjkia fõ'
44 cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh - 2021
wvq o¿ fk,k mr;rhla iy fyd¢ka f;dard o¿
fk,Sula u.ska .=Kd;aul o¿ wiajekak by, kxjd
.; yels w;r" o¿ fk,k mr;rh jeä jQ úg o¿
wiajekak by< .sh;a o¿j, .=Kd;aul nj wvq h'
flá o¿ fk,k mr;rhla wkq.ukh lrk úg b;d
<má o¿ fk,Su j<lajd .ekSug ie,ls,su;a úh hq;=
h'
13'3'4 o¿ iïu;h ^Leaf standard&( fk,d .;a uq¿ o¿
m%udKh ;=< we;s fkd;e¨Kq" fkdlevqKq" iïu; o¿
^<má o¿ fol iy w.%ia: wxl=rh iy <má o¿ ;=k
iy w.%ia: wxl=rh iy fkdfïrE wl%sh o¿& m%;sY;h
o¿ iïu;h f,i i,lhs' j¾;udkfha fuu o¿
m%;sY;h wju jYfhka ishhg yegla muK j;a úh
hq;= h'
13'3'5 o¿ fk,Sfï§ ie,lsh hq;= wfkl=;a lreKq:
1' <má o¿ ^m%udKj;a ;rug fkdjevqKq o¿& fk,d
.ekSfuka je<lS isáh hq;=h' wiajekak wvqùug
fuh n,mdk kuq;a úfYaI wjia:djka ys § <má
o¿ fk,d .ekSu o ks¾foaY lrhs'
• o¿ fk¨ï mr;rh §¾> lr .ekSu wjYH
wjia:djkaj, §" lïlrejka ysÕ W;aij ld,j, §
B<Õ fk¨ï jdrh §¾> lr .ekSu wjYH kï <má
o¿ fk,Su isÿ l< yel'
• nqnq¨ wx.udr frda.h fyda àfgdaá%laia o<Uq ydksh
me;sr hk wjia:djkays § th md,kh lsÍu i|yd
m÷f¾ we;s ish¨u o¿ ^<má o¿ we;=¿j& bj;a l<
hq;=h' fuh l¨ o¿ fk,Sula f,i y÷kajhs'
2' yels iEu wjia:djl § u o¿ ;,fha we;s o¿
fmdl=re lvd bj;a l< hq;= h'
3' o¿ ;,fha uÜgu fmdf<djg iudka;rj
mj;ajdf.k hEug ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= h'
4' fmdf<dj fyd¢ka wdjrKh jk mßÈ me;sreKq o¿
;,hla ilia lr .ekSu i|yd md¾Yaúl w;=j, we;s
o¿ fkdlvd jeãug bv yeßh hq;= h'
f;a j.d lghq;= i|yd m%udKj;a ;rï lïlrejka
fkdue;slu j¾;udkfha fndfyda j.dlrejka uqyqK
fok .eg¨jls' úfYaIfhka jeä Y%ñlhska msßila
wjYH o¿ fk,Su jeks j.d lghq;a;la i|yd fuu
;;a;ajh b;du;a ;Èka n,mdkq we;' tu ksid o¿
fk,Su hdka;%SlrKh È.= ld,hl isg fndfyda
fofkl=f.a wjOdkh fhduq jQ lreKls'
flfia kuq;a" M,odhs;dj yd o¿j, .=Kd;auhg
ydks fkdù ie,lsh hq;= ;rulska lïlre Ndú;h
wvq lr .; yels hka;% o¿ fk,Su i|yd y÷kajd
§u f;a l¾udka;fha kshef,k m¾fhaIlhkag iy
;dlaIKfõ§ka g wNsfhda.hla ù we;'
oekg o¿ fk<Su hï ÿrlg hdka;%slrKh i|yd ir,
WmlrKhla iy hka;% lSmhla y÷kajd § we;'
13'3'6 f;a m¾fhaIKdh;kh y÷kajd ÿka f;dard úúO wdldrfha o¿ fk,k hka;% lSmhla wmf.a f;a
o¿ fk,kh ^TRI Selective Tea Harvester& j.djka i|yd y÷kajd § we;s w;r" tla mqoa.,hl=
úiska fyda mqoa.,hska 2 - 3 úiska Ndú; l< yels
f;a m¾fhaIKdh;kh y÷kajd ÿka f;dard o¿ fk,kh hka;% fïjd w;r we;' fujeks hka;% Ndú;h i|yd
uÕska o¿j, .=Kd;auhg ydkshla fkdjk mßÈ o¿ lïlrejka fyd¢ka mqyqKq lsÍu wjYH h'
fk<Sfï ld¾hlaIu;dj ie,lsh hq;= ;rulska by<
kexùug yelshdj ,eî we;' j.=j 15( bkaOk u.ska l%shd;aul jk o¿ fk,k
hka;%hl msßú;r
fuh ieye,a¨ ^nr .%Eï 350&" fkdlefvk ma,diaála
j,ska ks¾udKh l<" ixlS¾K fkdjk" Ndú;hg myiq wiajkq fk,Sfï hka;%h msßú;r
WmlrKhls' ksjerÈj Ndú;hg yqreùfuka Èklg
Wrfha /f.k hk$ oaú myr
w;ska o¿ fk,k m%udKh fuka fo.=Khlg wdikak tkaðka j¾.h
^Two Stroke&
m%udKhla fuu.ska myiqfjka fk,d.; yel'
tkaðu úia:dmkh ^cm3& 24CC jvd jeä
o¿ oE;g ysrù ;e,S" fmdä ùu fuh Ndú;fhka n,Yla;s fmÜr,a
je<elafjk ksid fk,d .kakd o¿j, .=Kd;auh o fomig udrefjk ^Hair Clipper type&
;, j¾.h
iq/lS mj;S' ;shqKq ;,
;, wdldrh Rcq ;,h
;,fha È. fi'ó' 60 muK
o¿ tl;=ùfï hdka;%Kh iq,Õska ;,a¨ lsÍu

,xldfõ f;a bvïys Ndú;hg fhda.H fndfyda o¿

fk,k hka;%hkays o¿ lefmk ;,fha È. fikaá
óg¾ 30 - 100 w;r m%udKhl mj;sk w;r wjYH
wdldrhg o¿ f;dard fk,d .ekSug fkdyels ùu
fïjdfha tla wjdishls'
oekg y÷kajd § we;s tla mqoa.,fhla fyda mqoa.,hska 2
- 3 úiska Ndú;d lrk hka;%hla u.ska Èklg wuq o¿
13'3'7 negß fyda bkaOk u.ska l%shd;aul jk o¿ fk,k
lsf,da .%Eï 50 -250 w;r m%udKhla fk,d.; yel'
hka;%
<má f;a j.djka ys o¿ fk,Su i|yd fujeks hka;%
Ndú; fkdl< hq;= w;r" ;o j¾Id ld,fha § fyda
kshx ;;a;aj hgf;a § fujeks hka;% Ndú;fhka
je<lS isáh hq;= h'

foaY.=K iqyqre f;a j.d ;dlaIK

45
14 Tea Pruning
f;a lmamdÿ lsÍu
14'1 f;a lmamdÿ lsÍu ^Tea Pruning&(
f;a j.dfõ ksIamdol;dj by< kexùug yd j.dfõ ;sridr nj /l .ekSug ksjerÈ wdldrfhka f;a m÷re
lmamdÿ lsÍu f;a j.d lghq;= w;r m%Odk ld¾hhls' m÷re ksrka;rfhka j¾Ol j¾Okh wjêfha mj;ajd f.k
hdu" m÷f¾ iels,a, msßiqÿ lsÍu yd o¿ fk,Sug myiq Wilska f;a m÷r mj;ajdf.k hdu f;a m÷re lmamdÿ
lsÍfï uQ,sl wruqKq w;r fõ'
14'1 f;a m÷re lmamdÿ lrk wdldr ^Pruning style&(
lmamdÿ l%uh lmamdÿ lrk Wi
fïi lmamdÿj fi'ó' 55 -70 ^22˜-28˜&
fi'ó' 40 -55
fYaI w;= lmamdÿj
^16˜- 22˜& fi'ó' 45 ^18˜& jvd fhda.Hh
Y=oaO lmamdÿj fi'ó' 25- 40 ^10˜- 16˜&
lmamdÿ pl%h ^Pruning cycle& ( tl ,Õ lmamdÿ folla
w;r ld,h lmamdÿ pl%hla f,i ye¢kafjk w;r
j.d m%foaYh" f;a j¾.h wkqj fuh fjkia fõ' Wvrg"
ueorg yd W!j hk m%foaYhkays weg f;a jir 3 - 4
g jrla o" ßls,s f;a jir 4 - 5 g jrla o lmamdÿ l<
hq;= w;r" my;rg weg f;a jir 2 g iy ßls,s f;a
jir 3 g jrla lmamdÿ l< hq;= h'
lmamdÿ lsÍug fhda.H ld,h ^Pruning time& (
idudkHfhka lmamdÿ l< hq;af;a fudaiï jeis iuh
wdrïNfha § h' fmdÿfõ .;al," ksß;È. fudaiï
l,dmhg wh;a f;a j.d m%foaYhkays wfma%,a - cqks
udihka ys lmamdÿ lsÍu jvd fhda.H jk w;r tu
ld,fha lmamdÿ lsÍug fkdyels jqjfyd;a iema;eïn¾
- Tlaf;dan¾ udi j, lmamdÿ l< yel'
BidkÈ. fudaiï l,dmhg wh;a n,xf.dv" rlajdk
jeks my;rg m%foaYhkays fuka u ud;f,a Wvfyajdyeg
iy Wvqmqiaie,a,dj hk m%foaYhka ys iema;eïn¾-
Tlaf;dan¾ udi lmamdÿ lsÍug jvd;a u fhda.H
jk w;r tu l,dmhg wh;a wfkl=;a m%foaYhkays
Tlaf;dan¾- ckjdß fyda ud¾;= - wfma%,a udihkays
lmamdÿ lsÍu jvd WÑ; h'
flfia kuq;a" tla tla f;a jHdma;s ks,Odß l,dmhkag
wod< lDIs foaY.=‚l l,dmhkays j¾Idm;k rgdj
fyd¢ka ksÍlaIKh lr tys we;s j¾Idm;k rgdjg
wkql+, jk mßÈ lmamdÿ ld,h ;SrKh lsÍug jHdma;s
ks,OdÍka oekqj;a úh hq;= h'
úh<s ld,fha lmamdÿ lsÍfuka f;a m÷rej, iels,a,
oeä iQ¾h ms<siaiSïj,g Ndckh ù miqj tajd l| Èrd
hdu olajd §¾> úh yel'
46 cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh - 2021
m÷r msßiqÿ lsÍu úfYaI lreKq
wmyiqh kej; o¿ fk,Su blaukska wdrïN l< yel
ie,lsh hq;= ;rulska m;% 200-300 iys; ksfrda.S w;= lSmhla m÷f¾
msßiqÿ l, yel mßêfhys b;sß l< hq;=h
iels,a, fyd¢ka msßisÿ lmamdÿjg fmr o¿ úrdu ld,hla ,nd Èh hq;=
l< yel w;r Wvrg jeks m%foaY i|yd fhda.H h
14'2 lmamdÿ lsÍug fmr o¿ úrdu ld,hla ,nd§u
^Resting of tea bushes before pruning& (
lmamdÿ lsÍug kshñ; f;a j.dfõ uq,aj, ixÑ;
wdydr m%udKh mÍlaId lr n,d tajd m%udKj;a ;rñka
fkdue;s kï tu f;a j.djka lmamdÿ lsÍug fmr i;s
4 - 8 muK o¿ úrdu ld,hla ,ndÈh hq;= h' f;a uq,a
j, we;s ixÑ; wdydr m%udKh mÍlaId lr ne,Sug
whãka mÍlaIdj Ndú; l< yel'
f;a m÷re lmamdÿ l< jydu lmamdÿ w;= f;a m÷f¾
iels,a, u; Èk 2 -3 muK ;sfnkakg bv yer bj;a
lsÍfuka iels,a, iQ¾h ms<siaiSug Ndck ùu j<lajd
.; yel' lmamdÿ lemqï u; iy Èrd.sh ia:dkhkays
nDDfkda,shï È,Sr kdYl wvx.= wdf,amh ;ejÍfuka
tu ia:dk Èrd hEfuka iy tu ia:dkhka yryd
my;rg iÔù oej fõhd we;=,a ùu j<lajd .; yel'
f;a m÷f¾ iels,a, u; we;s mdis yd m¾Kdx.
Ydl bj;a lsÍu i|yd 10] yqkq Èhr ñY%Khla
^Èh .eiQ yqkq lsf,da .%Eï 125 j;=r ,Sg¾ 1"250 l
Èhlr fylaghdrhlg& biSfuka m÷f¾ iels,a, u;
we;s mdis wdÈh bj;a lsÍug;a" kj wxl=r tau Èßu;a
lsÍug;a yel'
f;a m÷rej, j¾Okh wkqj w¨;ska jefvk wxl=r
j,ska 75] l muK wxl=rhka ys m;% 8 - 10 muK
jevqKq miq m;% 4 - 6 muK m÷rg b;sß lr uÜgug
lmd oeóu f;a uÜgï lemSu f,i y÷kajhs'
uÜgï lemSfuka miq kej; yg .kakd o¿ m%udKj;a
;rug jevqKq miq ieye,a¨ o¿ fk,Su wdrïN l<
yel'
14'3 lmamdÿ lsÍu i|yd hka;% Ndú;h
^Mechanical Pruning&(
lmamdÿ lsÍu hkq mqyqKq Y%ñlhka wjYH j.d lghq;a;ls'
o¿ fk,Sug fukau lmamdÿ lsÍug;a mqyqKq Y%ñlhka
ysÕ ùu j¾;udkfha
fndfyda m%foaYj,
j.dlrejka uqyqK
fok .eg¨jls'
fï i|yd ms<shula
f,i lmamdÿ hka;%
y÷kajd § we;'
lmamdÿ hka;%
Ndú;fha jdis fukau
wjdis o we;;a j¾;udkfha fndfyda f;a j.dlrejka
fuu hka;% Ndú;fhka lmamdÿ lsÍu f;dardf.k we;'
j.=j 16( ,xldfõ f;a bvïys Ndú;hg fhda.H lmamdÿ
hka;%hl msßú;r

lmamdÿ hka;%h msßú;r

tkaðka j¾.h oaú myr ^Two Stroke&
úia:dmkh >K fi'ó 24'5
Wmßu n,h 7500 rpm § ls' fjdÜ 0'8
bkaOk gexls Odß;dj ,Sg¾ 0'6
lemqï ;,fha È. ñ'ó'750
uq¿ nr ls'.%E 5'5
lafIa;% Odß;dj mehlg wlalr 0'25 - 0'35

foaY.=K iqyqre f;a j.d ;dlaIK

47
15 Diseases management in tea
f;a j.dfõ frda. l<ukdlrKh
j.d lrk ´kEu fnda.hlg fukau f;a j.djg • frda.h md,khg ks¾foaYs; ridhksl l%u
o wdidokh jk frda. /ila we;' fïjd w;ßka wkq.ukh l< hq;= ld,h"
wd¾Ólj ydksodhl úh yels frda. l<ukdlrKh
lsÍu ms<sn|j wm ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= h' • frda.h wd¾Ólj ydksodhl uÜgug m;aúh
yel ld,h"
f;a j.dfõ frda.
l<ukdlrKfha § frda. wdÈ jYfhka frda.ldrlfha Ôjk pl%h ;=< úúO
hla je<÷Kq miq iqj wjia:djka y÷kd .ekSug yels úh hq;= h'
lsÍu i|yd iQodkñka
isákjdg jvd th j<lajd 15'2 mßir ys;ldó f,i f;a j.dfõ frda.
.ekSug lghq;= lsÍu jvd l<ukdlrKh(
{dKdkaú; l%shdjla nj
i|yka l< hq;= h' 1' mßir ys;ldó f,i f;a frda. l<ukdlrKfha §
uQ,sl;ajh Èh hq;af;a j.d lsÍu i|yd úúO frda.
f;a j.dfõ nyq,j yuqfjk frda.hka ish,af,au hkag m%;sfrdaë m%fNao f;dard .ekSu ms<sn|j h'
frda. ldrlhd jkafka È,Srhka h'fïjdhska lsysmhla fuys § tla tla m%foaYhka ys f;a j.djkag nyq,j
mdßißl foaY.=‚l n,mEulska f;drj ´kEu ydkslrk frda.hkag m%;sfrdaë f;a m%fNao j.d
wjia:djl § f;a .ig je<£ug yelshdjla we;s w;r lsÍug uQ,sl;ajh Èh hq;= h·
^WodyrK" uq,a frda." l| ms<sld wdÈh& ;j;a frda.
lsysmhla mdßißl idOl mokï lrf.k" úfYaIfhka j.=j 17( f;a j.d m%foaYhkag ks¾foaYs; nqnq¨ wx.udr
j¾Id ld,fha § fyda wyi j,dl=<ska nr ù" ysre t<sh frda.hg m%;sfrdaë f;a m%fNao
m;s; fkdjk ld,hkays § muKla je<fËk frda.
nqnq¨ wx.udr frda.hg m%;sfrdaë ks¾foaYs; f;a m%fNao
^WodyrK f,i nqnq¿ wx.udrh" l¨ wx.udrh jeks&
my;rg ueorg Wvrg W!j
f,i f;a .ig je<£ug yelshdj we;'
TRI TRI TRI TRI
N2 TRI 4052
15'1 È,Sr frda. l<ukdlrKfha § ie,lsh hq;= lreKq( 4052 2043 5001 3072
TRI TRI
DG39 N2 NAY 3 TRI 2043
1' f;a j.dfõ úúO j¾Ok wjia:djkays § je<¢h yels 5002 3073
frda. y÷kd .ekSug ksmK
q ;dj ,nd.; hq;= h' TRI TRI
DT1
KEN 16
5003 3052 /3
2' frda.hla je<§ug n,mdk mdßißl ;;a;aj ms<sn| TRI TRI
PK2 NAY 3
wjfndaOhla ;sìh hq;= h' 5004 3067
TRI
2043
3' úúO frda.hkag m%;sfrdaë f;a m%fNao ms<sn|
wjfndaOh ;sìh hq;= h'

4' frda.fha Ôjk pl%h fyd¢ka yodrd ta ms<sn| ukd

wjfndaOhlska isáh hq;= h· úfYaIfhka¦

• frda. ,laIK fmkajk wjêh"

• Ydl ;=< frda.h j¾Okh jk ld, iSudj"

• frda. îcdKq me;sfrk wjêh"

• ks¾foaYs; j.d l%u wkq.ukh lsÍu u.ska

frda.h j<lajd .; yels ld, iSudj"

• frda. j<lajd .ekSug ks¾foaYs; ridhksl l%u

Ndú; l< yels ld,h"
nqnq¨ wx.udr frda.h

48 cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh - 2021

 • mdhk ld,hg t<eöug fmr kj j.djkays jiqka
fh§u"
• bvfï j,a me< md,khg Wo¨ jeks WmlrK
Ndú;fhka je<lS isàu"
5' l| Èrd hEfï frda. j<lajd .ekSu i|yd ksjerÈ
ld,hg lmamdÿ lsÍu" lmamdÿ w;= f;a m÷f¾
iels,a, u; Èk 2 - 3 la muK ;eîug bv yeÍu"
lmamdÿ lemqï ;,fha iy lf|a Èrd.sh ia:dkhka
ys nDfkda,shï jeks wdrlaIl ridhk øjH wdf,am
lsÍu"
6' uereKq f;a m÷rl uq,a frda.hl ,laIK fmkakqï
lrhs kï tu f;a m÷r .,jd uq,a mÍlaId lr n,d
frda.h ikd: l< miq tu m÷r jgd we;s ;j;a
f;a m÷re jghla .,jd bj;a lr tu ia:dkfha ìu
ilia lr wk;=rej udkd ;DK j.d lsÍu"
7' f;a bvul ksrka;rfhkau ld,Sk f;a frda.hla
wdrïN jk ia:dk y÷kdf.k tu frda.hg ys;lr
my;rg l| ms<sld frda.h mßir ;;a;aj meñ‚ ú.i bvfï frda.h wdrïN ù
we;a oe hs by; ia:dkhka mßlaId lr n,d j<lajd
.ekSug mQ¾j Wmdhka fh§u"
j.=j 18( l| ms<sld frda.hg m%;sfrdaë my;rg
m%foaYhg ks¾foaYs; f;a m%fNao
l| ms<sld frda.hg m%;sfrdaë f;a m%fNao
DG 39 TRI 2022 TRI 4004 TRI 4053 TRI 62/5
DG 7 TRI 2025 TRI 4007 TRI 4054 TRI 62/6
H 1/ 58 TRI 2027 TRI 4049 TRI 4059
KP 204 TRI 3069 TRI 4052 TRI 4061
S 106 iqÿ uq,a wÕ=re uq,a frda.h l¿uq,a frda.h r;= uq,a frda.h

2' úúO j.d l%u wkq.ukh( WodyrK f,i uq,a frda.

me;sÍu j<lajd .ekSug uq,a frda.hla wdidÈ; f;a
8' hï fyhlska frda. ,laIK u;=ù tk nj fmfka
m÷re .,jd bj;a lr tu ia:dkfha ks¾foaYs; ld,
kï" frda.h j<lajd .ekSu i|yd ks¾foaYs; úI
iSudjla ;DK j.d lr mj;ajdf.k hdu"
Ndjfhka wvq lDIs ridhk j¾. ks¾foaYs;
3' frda.hlg ys;lr mßir ;;a;ajhka t<öug fmr wdldrhg" iSñ;j fh§u ^WodyrKhla f,i nqnq¿
frda. wdidokh j<lajd .; yels wdldrhg f;a wx.udrh j<lajd .ekSug ks¾foaYs; fldm¾ wvx.=
j.dj iQodkï lsÍu' WodyrK f,i fudaiï j¾Id È,Sr kdYl biSu&.
ld,h t<eöug fmr f;a j.dfõ fijK Ydl
lmamdÿj uÕska bvug ysre t<sh jeàug i,iajd
nqnq¿ wx.udr frda.h j<lajd .ekSug lghq;= lsÍu"
4' frda.hla je<£fï we;s yelshdj wju jk mßÈ
ks¾foaYs; f;a j.d l%u ksjerÈj wkq.ukh lsÍu¦
Wod( l| ms<sld frda.h j<lajd .ekSu i|yd¦
• ksjerÈj me< isgqùu"
• me< mqyqKq lsÍfï § iuyr m%foaYhkays w;= kjd
lre iú lsÍfï l%uh wkq.ukfhka je<lS isàu
^me< mqyqKq lsÍfï § w;= kjd lre iú lsÍfuka
f;a .fia fmd;a; ishqïj ydks ù l| ms<sld frda.
ldrl l| ;=<g we;=¿ úh yels ksid " úfYaIfhka"
my;rg m%foaYhkays fuu l%uh Ndú;h ks¾foaY
fkdlrhs&"

foaY.=K iqyqre f;a j.d ;dlaIK

49
15'3 f;a j.dfõ y÷kd.;a frda. iy tajd j¾.SlrKh
1' f;a m;%j,g je<foK frda. ^Leaf Disease&
• nqnq¿ wx.udrh ^Blister Blight&
• l¿ wx.udrh ^Black Blight&
• i¾fldiafmdfr,d frda.h ^Cercosporella disease&
• ÿUqre wx.udrh ^Brown Blight&
• w¿ wx.udrh ^Grey Blight&
• *af,dahu l=Kqùfï ffjria frda.h
^Phloem Necrosis virus disease&
2' f;a l|g je<fËk frda. ^Tem Diseases&
• l| mduq, iy w;= ms<sld frda.h
^Collar and Branch Cankers&
• l| iy w;= ms<sld frda.h
^Tem and Branch Canker&
• ms<sld iy m÷re ñhhEu
^Canker and Bush Dieback&
50 cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh - 2021
• l| l=Kq ùu frda.h ^uDf;damÔù È,Sr lsysmhla&
• wYaj fl¢ wx.udrh ^Horse Hair Blight&
• lgq wx.udrh ^Thorny Stem Blight&
• yhsf*dlaisf,daka l| Èrdhdu
^Hypoxylon Stem Blight&
• r;= u,lv frda.h ^Red Rust&
• f;,a me,a,ï frda.h ^Oil Spot Disease&
3' f;a uq,aj,g je<fok frda. ^Root Disease&
• r;= uq,a frda.h ^Red Root Dise&
• l¿ uq,a frda.h ^Black Root Dise&
• wÕ=re uq,a frda.h ^Charcoal Root Dise&
• ÿUqre uq,a frda.h ^Brown Root Disease&
• iqÿ uq,a frda.h ^White Root Disease&
• oïmeye uq,a frda.h ^Violet Root Disease&
16 Pest management in tea
f;a j.dfõ m<sfndaO l<ukdlrKh
frda. wdidokhka fukau f;a j.djg m<sfndaOlhska
/ila o ydks lrk nj wm w;aoel we;s ksid f;a
j.dfõ m,sfndaOlhska l<ukdlrKh ms<sn| j wm
ie,ls,su;a úh hq;=h'
f;a frda. fuka fkdj f;a m<sfndaO úúO;ajh b;d
úYd, h' fndfyda m<sfndaOlhska ikaêmdolhska
fkdfyd;a wd;%fmdavd jxYfha i;=ka jk w;r ta i;a;aj
fldÜGdih ;=< úúO l=,hkag wh;a m,sfndaOlhska /
ila f;a j.djg ydks isÿ lrhs' tfia kuq;a" fï w;ßka
f;a j.djg È.ska È.gu wd¾Óluh ydkshla isÿ lrk
m,sfndaOlhska m%udKh b;du;a w,am h'
ksrka;rfhka f;a m÷rg ydks isÿ lrk m%Odk
fkdfyd;a uQ,sl m<sfndaOlhska jk my;rg iy
Wvrg iÔù l|ka fõhka iy l| .=,a,ka f.a ydksh
ms<sn| jvd;a u ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= h' Bg wu;rj"
mdßißl fjkialï wkqj" ld,Skj f;a j.djg ydks
lrk m,sfndaOlhska j¾. lSmhla isák w;r fuu
fndfyda m<sfndaOl ydks nyq, j oelsh yels jkafka
jif¾ úh<s ld,hkays § h'
16'1 m,sfndaO l<ukdlrKfha § ie,lsh hq;= lreKq¦
1' f;a j.dfõ úúO j¾Ok wjia:djkays § Ydlfha
úúO ia:dkhkag ydkslrk m,sfndaOlhska y÷kd
.ekSug ksmqK;ajh ,nd .; hq;= h'
2' m,sfndaO .yKh by, hdug fhda.Hh mdßißl
;;a;aj ms<sn| wjfndaOhla ;sìh hq;= h'
3' m,sfndaOlhskaf.a Ôjk pl%h fyd¢ka yodrd ta
ms<sn| ukd wjfndaOhlska isáh hq;= h¦ úfYaIfhka¦
• m<sfndaOlhd Ydlhg ydks lrk wjêhg ^Wod(
lSg wjêhg& meñfKk ld, iSudj"
• ks¾foaYs; j.d l%u wkq.ukh lsÍu u.ska
m<sfndaO ydks j<lajd .; yels ld, iSudj"
• m,sfndaO ydks j<lajd .ekSug ks¾foaYs;
ridhksl l%u Ndú; l< yels ld,h"
• m,sfndaO ydksh wd¾Ólj ydksodhl uÜgug
m;aúh yels ld,h" wdÈ jYfhka
m,sfndaOlhskaf.a Ôjk pl%h ;=< úúO wjia:djka
y÷kd .ekSug yels úh hq;= h'
16'2 mßir ys;ldó f,i f;a j.dfõ m<sfndaO ydks
l<ukdlrKh(
1' f;a frda. l<ukdlrKfha § fuka u mßir ys;ldó
f,i m,sfndaO ydks
l<ukdlrKfha § o
uQ,sl;ajh Èh hq;af;a
j.d lsÍu i|yd
úúO m,sfndaOlhskag
m%;sfrdaë f;a m%fNao
f;dard .ekSu ms<sn|j
h' fuys§ tla tla
m%foaYhkays f;a
j.djkag nyq,j
ydkslrk m,sfndaOlhskag m%;sfrdaë f;a m%fNao j.d
lsÍug uQ,sl;ajh Èh hq;= h'
2' úúO j.d l%u wkq.ukh( WodyrKhla f,i
my;rg iÔù oej fõhkaf.a ydksh me;sr hdu
j<lajd .ekSug" m<uq lmamdÿfõ isgu f;a m÷r
fyd¢ka msßiqÿ lsÍu iy lmamdÿ lemqï ;,fha
iy lf|a Èrd .sh ia:dkhka ys nDfkda,shï jeks
wdrlaIl ridhk øjH wdf,am lsÍu'
3' iÔù oej fõhkaf.a ydksh ;snQ bvula kej;
j.d lsÍfï § mer‚ j.dfõ f;a m÷re iy uq,a
ish,a, fyd¢ka bj;a lr" mi ilia lr" idudkH
ks¾foaYs; mqkre;a:dmkh ld,hg jvd jeä ld,hla"
idudkHfhka jir 5 la muK" mi mqkre;a:dmkh
lr kej; j.dj i|yd fhdod.; hq;= h'
4' oaú;Shl m,sfndaO ydks we;s jkafka m%d:ñl
.eg¨jla uq,a lrf.k neúka tjeks oaú;Shl
m<sfndaO ydks j<lajd .ekSug kï m%d:ñl .eg¨j
ksrdlrKh l< hq;= h' WodyrKhla f,i oaú;Shl
m,sfndaO ydkshla jk li, fõhdf.a ydksh we;s
jkafka f;a m÷rej, Èrd .sh w;= ßls,s we;s úg h'
lmamdÿfõ § Èrd .sh ish¨ fldgia bj;a lr m÷r
msßiqÿ lsÍfuka li, fõhdf.a ydksh j<lajd .;
yel'
foaY.=K iqyqre f;a j.d ;dlaIK
51
j.=j 19( my;rg iÔù oej fõhkaf.a ydkshg m%;sfrdaë my;rg m%foaYhg ks¾foaYs; f;a m%fNao
my;rg iÔù oej fõhkaf.a ydkshg m%;sfrdaë f;a m%fNao
b;du;a m%;sfrdaë uOHia:j m%;sfrdaë
DG39 TRI 3025 TRI 4004 TRI 2022 TRI 4053
DG7 TRI 3047 TRI 4042 TRI 2025 TRI 4054
H 1/58 TRI 3055 TRI 4047 TRI 2027 TRI 4059
S 106 TRI 3069 TRI 4049 TRI 3014 TRI 4061
TRI 62/6 TRI 4052 TRI 3052 TRI 62/5
TRI 62/9

j.=j 20( f;a j.d m%foaYhkag ks¾foaYs; l| .=,a,df.a ydkshg m%;sfrdaë f;a m%fNao
l| .=,a,df.a ydkshg b;du;a m%;sfrdaë l| .=,a,df.a ydkshg uOHia:j m%;sfrdaë
W!j my;rg Wvrg ueorg W!j my;rg Wvrg ueorg
NAY3 DG39 N2 N2 K 145 KP 204 K 145 CY9
DG39 H 1/58 NAY3 DG39 TRI 4078 TRI 3025 CY9 CH13
DN TRI 4047 DN DN TRI 2027 TRI 3047 TRI 2043 K 145
TRI 2023 TRI 4004 TRI 777 TRI 2023 TRI 3018 TRI 3069 TRI 5001 TRI 2043
TRI 4042 TRI 62/6 TRI 4085 TRI 4047 TRI 3017 TRI 4061 TRI 5003 TRI 3025
TRI 4046 TRI 3055 TRI 4034 TRI 4042 TRI 2043 TRI 4059 TRI 5004 TRI 2027
TRI 4042 TRI 2023 TRI 3014 TRI 3013 TRI 4006 TRI 4067 TRI 3018
TRI 4054 TRI 4046 TRI 4055 TRI 3072 TRI 3017
TRI 3014 TRI 2027 TRI 3073 TRI 3013
TRI 4043 TRI 2043 TRI 4078 TRI 4006
TRI 4024 TRI 4014 TRI 3018
TRI 3013

16'3 f;a j.dfõ fld< lk o<Uqjd fkdfyd;a àfgdag%slaia àfgdaá%laia o<Uqjd md,kh i|yd j¾;udkfha
o<Uqjdf.a ydksh l<ukdlrKh id¾:lj l%shd;aul jk ffcj md,k l%uh 1935
jif¾ § muK y÷kajd § we;' cdjd rfgka y÷kajd
f;a j.dfõ ld,Sk m,sfndaOlhska w;ßka m%Odk ÿka uefl%dfikag%ia
jYfhka f;a j.djg wd¾Ól ydkshla isÿ lrkafka fydafudaksfha
fld< lk o<Uqjd fkdfyd;a fgdag%laia o<Uqjd úisks' keue;s ämafgrd
iuyr m%foaYhkays muKla ta yd iudk ydks isÿ lrk l=,fha mrfmdaIs
lyô,s o<Uqjd iy wfkl=;a fld< lk o<Uq j¾. lDñhd àfgdaá%laia
^j,s; o<Uqjka" ßls,s o<Uqj ka wd§& l<ukdlrKh o o<Uqjkaf.a isrer
fndfyda ÿrg tl iudk wdldrhg isÿ l< yel' u; ì;a;r ouk
àfgdaá%laia o<Uqjdf.a ydksh f;a j.dj ;=< ksÍlaIKh w;r tajdfhka
l< uq,a jljdkqfõ § tu o<Uqjka úkdY lsÍu i|yd ìysjk lSghka
fhdod .;a l%ufõoh jQfha" f;a m;%j, hg me;af;a úiska o<Uqjd úkdY
àfgdaá%laia ^Tea Tortrix& o<Uqjdf.a ydksh
;ekam;a lrk àfgdaá%laia i,Uhdf.a ì;a;r leo,s lr ouhs'
tl;= lr úkdY lr oeóu h' fuh mßirhg ydkslr fuu ffcj md,k l%uh kej; kej; f;a lafIa;%hkag
fkdjk l%uhla jk w;r j¾;udkfha § o o¿ fk,k y÷kajd§u wjYH fkdjk w;r àfgdaá%laia .yKh
lïlrejka yg úfYaI Èß.ekaùula u.ska ì;a;r jeä jk úg uefl%dfikag%ia .yKh jeä ù àfgdaá%laia
leo,s tla/ia lr fuu m,sfndaOlhd l<ukdlrKh ydksh iajNdúl md,khlg k;= fjhs' flfia
lsÍu id¾:lj isÿ lrkq ,nhs' kuq;a" mßir fjkialï fyda j.d lghq;=j, n,mEï
ksid fuu ffcj md,k hdka;%Kh wvd, jqjfyd;a
àfgdag%slaia .ykh wd¾Ólj ydksodhl uÜgug by<
hk w;r tys§ ks¾foaYs; ridhksl md,k l%u wkq.
ukh l< hq;= fjhs'

52 cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh - 2021

16'4 fgdag%laia o<Uqjdf.a ydksh l<ukdlrKh i|yd
fmrfudaka W.=,a Ndú;h
fgdag%laia o<Uqjdf.a ydksh i|yd ys;lr ld,.=K
;;a;aj we;s úg àfgdaá%laia .yKh by< hk nj fmkS
hhs kï lafIa;%fha fmrfudaka W.=,a wgjd fgdag%lai
.ykfha fjkiaùu wëlaIKhlr ta wkqj ks¾foaYs;
wdldrhkag o<Uqjdf.a ydksh l<ukdlrKh i|yd
l%shd ud¾. .; hq;= h'
m,sfndaO l<ukdlrKh i|yd j.d l%u" hdka;%sl
md,k l%u" ffcj md,k l%u yd ridhksl md,k
l%u we;=,;a taldnoaO m,sfndaO l<ukdlrK
m%fõYhla wkq.ukh lsÍu f;a m¾fhaIK wdh;kfha
ks¾foaYhhs'
l| .=,a,df.a ydksh ^SHB damage&
16'5 f;a j.dfõ lDñ yd uhsgd m,sfndaO ydks
1' m%d:ñl$m%Odk m,sfndaOlhska ^Primary/Key
Pests):( iEu ld,hlu ydks uÜgug <Õd fõ'
• l| .=,a,d ^Shot hole borer&
• Wvrg iÔù oej fõhk
^Up country Live wood termite&
• my;rg iÔù oej fõhka
^Low country Live wood termite&
2' iD;=uh m,sfndaOlhska ^Seasonal Pests& ( úh<s
ld,.=Kh ;=< iD;=uh m,sfndaOl ydks me;sf¾'
• fgdag%laia fld<lk o<Uqjd ^Tea Tortrix&
• lyô,s o<Uqjd ^Nettle grubs&
• r;= yïfn,a,ka ^Red slug&
• uhsgdjka ^Mites&
3' l,d;=rlska yuqjk m,sfndaOlhska ^Occasional
Pests& ( fuu m,sfndaOlhska l,d;=rlska yuqjk
kuq;a wd¾Ól jYfhka ydks isÿ lrhs'
• lïì,s mKqjka ^White grubs&
• r;= l| o<Uqjd ^Red-borer&
• fldrfmd;= lDóka ^Scale insects&
• l=ä;a;ka ^Aphids&
• ,hs.ia ul=Kka ^Lygus bug&
• l=yqUqjka ^Ants&
4'oaú;Shsl m<sfndaO (Secondary Pests) ( m%d:ñl
.eg¨jla uq,a lrf.k tjeks oaú;Shl m<sfndaO
ydks we;sfõ' Wod' ;jdka j, c,h neihdu ÿ¾j,
;;a;ajhka hgf;a msá ul=Kkaf.a ^Mealy bug&
ydksh we;sùu'
5' iq¿ m,sfndaOlhska ^Minor Pests&( ie,lsh hq;= f,i
f;a j.dfjka fmdaIKh jk kuq;a fnfyda ÿrg
wd¾Ól ydks we;s fkdlrhs'
• iuQy o<Uqjd ^Army worms)
• nE.a mKqjka iy orñá mKqjk
^Bag worms and faggot worms)
• fld< lmk o<Uqjd ^Cut worms)
• ñKqï o<Uqjka ^Geometrid caterpillars)
• fld<meye fc,áka mKqjd ^Green Gelatin Grub&
• fmdlsßis o<Uqjd ^Lobster caterpillar&
• j<s; o<Uqjd ^Looper caterpillar&
• ,hs.ia ul=Kd ^Lygus bug&
• f;a l=ä;a;d ^Tea aphids&
• msá ul=Kka ^Mealy bug&
• f;a m;% lkskakd ^Tea leaf miner&
• f;a m;% yl=,kakd ^Tea leaf roller&
• f;a uÿre ul=Kd ^Tea mosquito bug&
• me< uelald (Thrips)
• ßls,s o<Uqjd ^Twig caterpillar&
foaY.=K iqyqre f;a j.d ;dlaIK
53
17 Integrated management of
Nematode pests
jgmKq m,sfndaOlhska taldnoaO
l<ukdlrKh
zjgmkqjkaz f,i fmdÿfõ y÷kajk Ydl mrfmdaIS
fkufgdavdjka wkaùlaIh S m,sfndaOlfhls' fuu
mrfmdaI;s fkufgdavd úfYaI f;a ;jdka iy$fyda f;a
bvïj,g wdidokh jqjfyd;a wfkl=;a m,sfndaOlhska
fuka fkdj u¾Okh lsÍug b;du;a wmyiq h' tneúka"
m%;l
s drh ,dNodhS fkdjk neúka m%;l s drhg jvd
je<elaùu iy mQ¾jdrlaIdj jeo.;a fõ'
f;aj,g n,mdk m%Odk mrfmdaI;
s fkufgdavd úfYaI
jkafka(
• m%eáf,kapia Æidhs ^Pratylenchus loosi& ^Pl'&
• /fvdf*d,ia isñ,Sia ^Radopholus similis& ^RS&
• fuf,dv.hsks fn%úfldavd ^Meloidogyne brevicaud&
^Mb'&
17'1 jgmKq m,sfndaOlhkaf.a ydks ,laIK
^Symptoms of Nematode damage&
jgmKqjka f.ka ydkshg m;a f;a m÷rej, uq,a ÿUqre
meyehla .kakd w;r úh¨Kq iajNdjhla fmkajhs'
m%eáf,kapia Æidhs ^Pl& iy /fvdf*d,ia isñ,Sia ^RS&
jgmKqjka wdidokh jQ uq,j a , ir, uereKq ia:dkhkays
úúO m%udKhkaf.a ,m oelsh yel'
jgmKq wdidok ksid f;a Ydlfha Èßh wvq jk w;r"
c,h yd fmdaIl wjfYdaIKh wvq jk ksid Ydlh
ÿ¾j, ù fjk;a frda. iy m<sfndaO ydkSkg
a myiqfjka
md;% fõ'
f;a m÷re l=re ùu" m~q meye .ekaù m;% ly meye;s
fld< mdg ùu" u,a iy f.ä yg .ekSu jgmKq
wdidok ksid f;a Ydlfha meyeÈ,sj fmkakï q lrk
,laIKhka h'
jgmKq wdidok ksid Ydlfha fmdaIl uq,a wvq jk w;r
th Ydlh kshx ;;a;j a hkag Tfrd;a;= §fï yelshdj
ÿ¾j, lrhs'
54 cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh - 2021
by; ish¨u ,laIKhkaf.a m%;M s ,hla f,i f;a m÷f¾
wiajekak ishhg 40 lska muK my; jeàug bv we;'
f;a j.dfõ úúO j¾Ok wjia:djka ys jgmKqjka
u¾okh i|yd ks¾foaYhka f;a m¾fhaIKdh;kh u.ska
ksl;
= l
a r we;s pl%f,aL u.ska j.dlrejkaj oekqj;a lr
we;'
17'2 f;a ;jdkays jgmKq wdidokh j<lajd .ekSu
f;a ;jdka i|yd Ndú; lrk mia OQulrKh u.ska
tajdfha isáh yels jgmKqjka iyuq,ks a u úkdY lr
;jdka u¨ msrùu i|yd fhdod .; hq;= h' ;jdka md;a;s
o ta wdldrhgu OQulrKh l< hq;= h'
f;a ;jdka i|yd Ndú; lrk c,h jgmKq wdidokhka
f.ka f;dr úh hq;= w;r ta i|yd ;jdka wi, ilia lr
.;a .eUqr <s|lska c,h ,nd .; hq;= h' c,h fjk;a
m%Njhlska ,nd .kafka kï tajd ;jdfka Ndú;hg fmr
f;a m¾fhaIK wdh;kfha ks¾foaY;s wdldrfha wj,ïNk
gexls yryd tla/ia lr Ndú;hg .; hq;= h'
tfuka u wjg f;a bvï yryd ;jdkg c,h .,d tau
je,elaúh hq;= w;r fjk;a bvïj,ska f.k wd mia f;a
;jdka wi, /ialr ;nd .ekSu o fkdl< hq;= h'
17'3 kj j.djkays jgmKq wdidokh j<lajd .ekSu
mer‚ f;a j.djla bj;a lr kej; j.d lsÍug
n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka kï tu bvfï f;a bj;a lsÍug
udi yhlg muK fmr jgmKq wdidokh ks¾Kh i|yd
mia ksheÈ ,nd .; hq;= h'
jgmKq úYaf,aIK jd¾;djkag wkqj kej; j.d lsÍug
wfmalIa ;
s bvu wju jYfhka udi 18 l muK ld,hla
udkd" f.!;ud,d fyda CO3 ;DK u.ska mqkre;a:dmkh
l< hq;= h' flfia kuq;a bvfï wdidokh ù we;af;a
RS jgmKqjka kï mi mqkre;a:dmkh i|yd Ndú; l<
hq;f
a ;a udkd ;DK mu‚'
jgmKq ydks j<lajd .ekSu i|yd jvd;au úYajdiodhl fldfydU mqkk
a lal= .%Eï 250 la fldïfmdaiÜ
a lsf,da.E% ï
mshjr kï j.d lsÍu i|yd jgmkq ydkshg m%;f s rdaë fyda 2 la muK iuÕ ñY% lr fhÈh hq;= h'
jgmkq ydksh ord.; yels f;a m%fNao f;dard .ekSu h'
bvfï md¿ ia:dkhkays jgmKq W.=,a fnda. iy jgmKq
f;a me< isgù
q fï § jgmKqjka f.ka jeä wdrlaId ùula .ykhka md,kh lrk m,sfndaOkdYl .=Khka iys;
i|yd f;a m¾fhaIKdh;kh úiska ks¾foaY; s jgmKq Ydl j¾. j.d lr ksrka;rfhkau tajd lmd mig tla
kdYl ks¾foaY; s wdldrhg f;a isgj
q k j,g fyd¢ka ñY% l< hq;= h'
l< hq;= h'
17'5 jgmKq W.=,a fnda. iy m,sfndaOkdYl .=K iys;
17'4 jevqKq f;a j.djkays jgmKq wdidok j<lajd .ekSu Ydl j¾.¦
^Prevention of Nematode infestation&
jgmKq wdidokhkaf.ka f;a j.djg jk ydks wju lr
.ekSu i|yd bvu lmamdÿ lsÍug fmr i;s 8 l muK
j;a o¿ úrdu ld,hla ,nd Èh hq;= h'
odiafm;shd u,a rglcq j,a iQßhldka; wdvf;davd
lmamdÿ l< bvul lmamdÿfjka miq uÜgï lmk (Tagete ssp) (Arachis pintoii) (Tithonia (Adathoda
wjia:dfõ § f;a m¾fhaIKdh;kh ks¾foaY; s jgmKq diversifolia) vasica)
kdYl ks¾foaY;
s wdldrhg tla tla f;a m÷re jgd fhÈh
hq;= h' u,a rglcq (Arachis pintoi) odiafm;shd (Tagete ssp.) j,a
iQßhldka; (Tagete ssp.) mdjÜgd fkdfyd;a wdvf;davd"
jgmkqjka g f;a m÷re olajk iajNdúl m%;fs rdaOh (Tithonia diversifolia) j,a lmqre (Adathoda vasica)"
jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu yd mfia isák jgmKq .yKh ffcj s dkq ,õ .%dia (Eragostis curvula)" iy iejekaord
wm%l
úoHd;aulj md,kh lsÍu i|yd tla f;a m÷rlg (Vetiveria zizanoides)

foaY.=K iqyqre f;a j.d ;dlaIK

55
18 :HHGPDQDJHPHQWLQWHDƩHOGV
f;a bvï ys j,ame< l<ukdlrKh
j,a me,Eá iQ¾hdf,dalh" fmdaIH mod¾: iy c,h i|yd wjg" j,a me< j,ska f;drj mj;ajd f.k hEu
f;a me< iuÕ ;r. lrhs' ;j o" tajd fmdfydr fh§u" i|yd yels iEu ia:dkhlu fld< fmdfydr fNda.
lmamdÿ lsÍu" uq,¨
a lsÍu" o¿ fk,Su jeks lafIa;% j.d fyda iejekaord" udkd ;DK" u,a rglcq" n%eflaßhd
lghq;= j,g o ndOd lrhs' tu ksid f;a bvfï j,a me< ^Brachiaria brizantha) jeks Ydl j.d lsÍu"
md,khlska hq;j= ;nd .ekSu jeo.;a h'
9' md,kh lsÍug wmyiq l+É (Panicum repens) jeks
f;a bvfï j,a me< md,kh i|yd f;a m¾fhaIKdh;kh ;DK jeù we;s ia:dkhka ys n%eflaßhd ;DK j.d
ks¾foaY lrkq ,nkafka taldnoaO j,a me< md,k lsÍfuka l+É j¾Okh ÿ¾j, fjhs'
l%ufõohka h' j.d l%u wkq.ukh" hdka;l s% j,a me<
md,k l%u" w;ska j,a me< md,kh" j,a me< we;s ùu 18'2 hdka;%slj j,a me< l<ukdlrKh
j<lajd .ekSu" ffcj j,a me< md,kh" yd wjidk (Mechanical weed management)
Wml%uh f,i ks¾foaY;s j,akdYl Ndú;hhs'
j,a me< l<ukdlrKh i|yd hka;% Ndú;h i,ld
f;a bvï ys j,a me< l<ukdlrKfha uQ,l s u mshjr ne,Sfï § mi fia§ hdug we;s bvlv ms<n
s | ie,ls,u
s ;a
jkafka bvfï j,a me< we;sùu j<lajd .ekSu úh hq;= h' Wo¨ jeks WmlrK f;a bvïj, j,a md,kh
h' mdßißlj jvd;au ys;ldñ" wd¾Ólj ,dNodhS" i|yd fhdod .ekSfuka u;=mg s mi fia§ hdug we;s
m%dfhda.l
s j ld¾hlaIu" j,a me< md,k l%ufõoh fuhhs' bvlv b;du;a jeä ksid f;a bvïj, fujeks WmlrK
Ndú;h ;ykï lr we;'
18'1 mßir ys;ldó j<a me< l<ukdlrKh
(Environment friendly weed management) flfia kuq;"a mdxY= Ldokhg Woõ fkdlrk zn%Ia lg¾z
f,i y÷kajk bkaOk u.ska l%hs d lrk ;Kfld< lmk
f;a j.dlrk m%foaYhka ys j¾Idm;k rgdj ie,ls,,a g hka;% j,a me< md,kh i|yd ld¾hlaIuj yd ,dNodhS
f.k úúO j,a me< md,k l%u we;=<;a lr úêu;a j,a f,i fhdod .; yels nj fmkS f.dia we;'
me< md,k jevigykla ms<f s h, lsÍu j,a md,kfha
uQ,l
s u mshjrhs' flfia kuq;"a È.ska È.gu j,a md,kh i|yd zn%Ia lg¾z
Ndú;hg .ekSu ksid mi u;=mg s ;DK iy wfkl=;a
1' bvfï me< isgjQ jydu lemQ ;DK fhdod mi wdjrKh j,a me< u.ska nqu;
q r= eKla fuka iEfok ksid mi ;=<g
lsÍu" c,h we;=,ù a u j<lajd,hs' tu ia:rh ì| oeóu i|yd
2' bvfï f;a fma,s w;r iy md¿ ia:dkhkays fld< f;a m¾fhaIKdh;kh ks¾foaY lr we;s wdldrhg f;a
fmdfydr fnda. j.d lsÍu yd tajd lmd fmdf<dj fma<s w;r mi uq,¨ a lsÍu l< hq;= h'
wdjrKh lsÍu"
3' bvfï f;a j.d lsÍug fkdyels ia:dkhka ys udk
m÷re isgj
q d ksrka;rfhka lmd mi jiqka lsÍug fhdod
.ekSu"
4' bvfï wdjrK fnda.jeùu iy uDÿ j,a me< b;sß
lsÍu¦ fuu.ska wkjYH iy md,khg wmyiq j,a me<
iE§u j<lajd .; yel"
5' jiqka f,i lD;%u
s lDIsld¾ñl fmd,s;k
S a Ndú;hg
.ekSu"
6' blauksku
a bvu wdjrKh jk mßÈ f;a m÷rej, m;%
úhk f.dv kxjd .ekSu"
7' bvfï we;s j,a me< u,a msmu S g fmr w;ska .,jd
bj;a lsÍu yd tajd fldïfmdaiÜ
a f,i ilia lr kej;
bvug tl;= lsÍu"
8' f;a bvu wjg" bvfï udhsïys" mdrj,a fomi" Èhl÷re

56 cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh - 2021

 19 Agri.-Extenion, Information and
Technology Dissemination
lDIs jHdma;sh" f;dr;=re yd
;dlaIK iïfma%IKh
lDIsld¾ñl ixj¾Okfha moku wod< f;dr;=re
iy ;dlaIKhka ks¾udKh lsÍu yd ta ;dlaIKhka
j.dlrejka úiska ksjerÈj Ndú;hg .ekSu h'
jákd ;dlaIKhla ks¾udKh l< o th j.dlrejka
úiska mßyrKh fkdlrkafka kï ta fjkqfjka
isÿ l< wdfhdackh" jeh l< Y%uh" oekqu yd ld,h
wmf;a hEula isÿ fõ'
tfukau fl;rï uqo,la wdfhdackh lr" Wiia
oekqula Ndú; lr" jákd ld,hla lemlr ksmo jQ
;dlaIKhla jqj o th j.dlrejkaf.a wjYH;djg
wod< fkdfõ kï th lsisfia;a u m%fhdackhla ke;'
wjYH tfuka u wod< kj ;dlaIKhka m¾fhaIlhka
úiska hï wdfhdackhla oekqula iy ld,hla jeh
lr ksmo jqj o tajd ;dlaIK iïfma%IKh lrkakka
tkï jHdma;s ks,OdÍka$jHdma;s ldrlhska yryd j.d
lrejka fj; f.k hEu isÿ fkdfõ kï th o úYd,
kdia;shls'
lreKq ish,af,a u iïm%hqla;h kï f.dùkaf.a wjYH;dj
kag .e,fmk ;dlaIKh úoHd{hka$;dlaIKfõ§ka
ksmoúh hq;= w;r jHdma;sfõ§ka$jHdma;sldrlhska
tu f;dr;=re yd ;dlaIKhka fkdmudj j.dlrejka
fj; iïfma%IKh l< hq;=h hkak h'
19'1 fhda.H ;dlaIKh ;sìh hq;= ,laIK
^Characteristics of appropriate technology&¦
1' ;dlaI‚lj ksjerÈ nj iy fhda.H nj"
2' wd¾Ól jYfhka ,dNodhs nj"
3' m%dfhda.slj Ndú; lsÍug myiq nj yd Ndú;hg
.; yels nj"
4' idudchSh jYfhka ms<s .ekSu"
5' mdßißl jYfhka ys;ldó nj"
;dlaIKhla fujeks .=Kdx.hkaf.ka mßmQ¾K
fkdfõ kï th jHdma; fiajdjla $;dlaIK yqjudre
fiajdjla yryd m%pdrKh$iïfma%IKh lsÍu wmyiq
fyda fkdyels h'
19'2 f;dr;=re yd ;dlaIKhkaf.a iajNdjh
iEu ;dlaIKhlau f;dr;=rla jk w;r ish¨u
f;dr;=re ;dlaIKhka fkdfõ'
ish¨u f;dr;=re iajNdjhka folla hg;g .; yel'
1' uDÿ f;dr;=re$ixfla;d;aul f;dr;=re
^Soft Information&
2' øjHuh f;dr;=re ^Tangible/hard Information&
19'2'1 uDÿ f;dr;=re( WodyrK¦ ,sÅ; f;dr;=re"
PdhdrEm" Ñ;%mg wdÈh"' fïjd fndfydaúg ixfla;
wdldrfhka mj;sk w;r oekqu ÈhqKq lsÍug fyda
hdj;ald,Sk lsÍug" wdl,am fjkia lsÍug WmldÍ
fõ' uDÿ f;dr;=re i|yd wjYH wjldYh iy tajd
iïfma%IKhg wjYH ld,h idfmalaIj b;d wvq
h' f;dr;=re ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh yryd tajd
iïfma%IKh myiq w;r" .nvd lr ;nd .ekSu"
úYaf,aIKh" fjkia lsÍu" iïfma%IKh i|yd iQodkï
lsÍu" wdÈh mß.Kl yd f;dr;=re ;dlaI‚l fuj,ï
yryd myiqfjka isÿ l< yel'
fndfyda f;dr;=re ikaksfõok kd,sldjka ìysù
we;af;a uDÿ f;dr;=re iïfma%IKh i|yd h' WodyrK
f,i rEmjdysksh" .=jka úÿ,sh" f;dr;=re ;dlaI‚l
ikaksfõok fuj,ï" iqyqre cx.u ÿrl:k" fmd;am;a"
PdhdrEm ùäfhda wdÈh ish,a, uDÿ f;dr;=re
iïfma%IKh isÿ lrhs'
f;a j.d lsÍu iïnkaO uDÿ f;dr;=re i|yd WodyrK
kï f;a ;jdkla ms<sfh, lr .kakd wdldrh" lmamdÿ
lrk wdldrh" ld,.=K f;dr;=re" f;a j.dfõ
m,sfndaOlhskaf.a PdhdrEm" j.dfõ Ndú; lrk
fmdfydr" ñ, o¾Yk wdÈh hs'
19'2'2 øjHuh f;dr;=re( WodyrK¦ j.djlg wjYH
ish¿ fhojqï ^fmdfydr" îc" lDIs ridhk wdÈh&
hka;%" WmlrK wdÈh"' m¾fhaIlhka$ ;dlaIKfõ§ka
úiska øjHuh f;dr;=re ks¾udKh lr" ie,iqï lr"
bÈßm;a lsÍfuka miq fïjd hdka;%slj fyda fjk;a
l%shd mámdáhla ;=<ska ;dlaI‚l Ys,amSka úiska
f.dvke.sh hq;= h' øjHuh f;dr;=re mßyrKh iy
.nvd lsÍu i|yd jeä wjldYhla wjYH jk w;r
iïfma%IKh i|yd jeä úhoula iy ld,hla .; fõ'
oekqu" wdl,am" fukau ksmqK;dj h iy mqyqKqj ÈhqKq
foaY.=K iqyqre f;a j.d ;dlaIK
57
lsÍug fuu ;dlaIKhka Ndú;hg .; yel' fujka ;dlaIKhka mßyrK oduh ;=< f;dr;=re ikaksfõok
;dlaIKhka fhdod .ekSfï yelshdj idfmalaIj wvq h' ;dlaIKhka$f;dr;=re ms<sn| oekqj;a lsÍug ikaksfõok
f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh Ndú; l< o" .nvd lsÍu" ilia lsÍu i|yd iqÿiq ia:dk" ieliqï uOHia:dk" j.d
N+ñ" .nvd myiqlï iy iïfma%IKh i|yd m%jdyk myiqlï ksis mßÈ ;sìh hq;=h' j¾;udkfha fõ.fhka
ÈhqKqjk —l=ßh¾ fiajdjka— fujka f;dr;=re iïfma%IKh$m%jdykh iy iemhqu i|yd by< fufyjrla bgq
lrhs'
f;a l¾udka;h ;=< ksIamdok l%shdj,shg Rcqju odhljkafka fuu øjHuh f;dr;=re h' WodyrK f,i f;a
me<" kj m%fNaohkaf.a f;a ßls,s" fmdfydr ñY%K" Èhr fmdfydr j¾." hka;% iQ;% wdÈh øjHuh f;dr;=re
hg;g .efka'
wka;¾cd,fha B-fí (e-bay) jeks ihsn¾ wjldY.; fj<|fmd< yryd fuu øjH ms<sn| oekqj;a lsÍu;a"
wf,ú lsÍu;a isÿ l< yels w;r l=ßh¾ fiajdjka yryd fyda fjk;a mqoa.,sl m%jdyk fiajdjla yryd fïjd
mdßfNda.lshd fj; iemhsh yel' ihsn¾ wjldY.; nexl= fiajdjka yryd fyda iqyqre cx.u ÿrl:k jevigyka
yryd uqo,a f.ùu isÿ l< yel'
19'3 uDÿ f;dr;=re iïfma%IKh i|yd fhdod .; yels f;dr;=re iïfma%IK kd,sld(

f;dr;=re iïfma%IK kd,sld f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrk udOHh

idïm%odhsl kd,sld (Conventional Communication Channels)

foaYK$iïuka;%K$idlÉPd l:kh$rEm$ùäfhda
uqøs; udOH$fmd;a m;a$fmdaiag¾ia ,sÅ; udOH" jpk$PdhdrEm$rEm igyka
l:kh" rEm" ùäfhda" wdo¾YK kso¾Yl" iajNdúl kso¾Yl"
mqyqKq jevuq¿
m%dfhda.sl mqyqKq
m%o¾Yl jevigyka ^m%;sM, m%o¾Yl"
l:kh" rEm" ùäfhda" wdo¾YK kso¾Yl" iajNdúl kso¾Yl
l%shdj,sh m%o¾Yl&
ia:djr ÿrl:k l:kh$idlÉPd
.=jkaúÿ,sh l:kh$iÔù idlÉPd
rEmjdysksh l:kh$rEm$ ùäfhda$ iÔù ùäfhda jevigyka$ iÔù idlÉPd
Ñ;%má$ùäfhda ùäfhda jevigyka
fg,skdgH$ùÈ kdgH l:kh$iÔù rx.kh$ks¾udKd;aul l:kh
kQ;k kd,sld (Modern Communication Channels)
wka;¾cd,h mokï lr .;a ;dlaIK iudc udOH cd,d ^hQáhqí" jÜiawema wdÈh&
l:kh" PdhdrEm" iÔù ùäfhda" wka;¾ l%shdldÍ uDÿldx."
iqyqre cx.u ÿrl:k wka;¾cd, myiqlï" iudc udOH cd,d myiqlï" úoahq;a ;eme,a"
ùäfhda iïuka;%K" wka;¾ l%shdldÍ idlÉPd
PdhdrEm" iÔù ùäfhda" wka;¾ l%shdldÍ uDÿldx." wka;¾cd,
mß.Klh$mqoa.,sl cd,d iïnkaO;d$
myiqlï" iudc udOH cd,d myiqlï" úoaHq;a ;eme,a" ùäfhda
/yeka rys; iïfma%IK myiqlï
iïuka;%K" wka;¾ l%shdldÍ idlÉPd
mß.Kl.; bf.kqï øjH wka;¾ l%shdldÍ ;dlaI‚l jevigyk
ùiSã-ãùã ùäfhda jevigyka

19'4 øjHuh f;dr;=re iïfma%IK oduh(
• wka;¾cd,h$iqyqre cx.u ÿrl:k iy tajdfha
jevigyka$úoHq;a jdKscHh ^eCommerce&
• l=ßh¾ fiajdjka ^Courier service&
• mqoa.,sl fhojqï m%jdyk fiajdjka
19'5 j.dlrejka iy iïm;a úYaf,aIKh ^Growers and
Resources analysis&
jvd fhda.H ;dlaIK yqjudre$jHdma;sh l%ufõoh
ks¾Kh lsÍfï uQ,sl mshjr j.dlrejka iy Tjqkaf.a
iïm;a ^f;a bvu&" j.d lrk rgdj iy ;dlaIK
Ndú;h wdÈh úYaf,aIKh hs'

• úfYaI fõ.j;a ;eme,a fiajdjka ;dlaIK iïfma%IKfha § ;dlaIK yqjudre l%ufõoh

ks¾Kh i|yd j.dlrejkaf.a jhi" wOHdmk uÜgu"
^Speed Post, Logi-post& yelshdjka" wd¾Ól ;;a;ajh" iudc jgmsgdj wd§
,laIK ms<sn| úuis,su;a úh hq;= h'
• ndr ÿka miq uqo,a f.ùï fiajdjka ^Cash on delivery&

58 cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh - 2021

tfukau" j.d ;dlaIKhka Ndú; lrk j.d N+ñfha
iajNdjh ms<sn|j o úYaf,aIKh l< hq;=h'
19'5'1 j;= ysñhka j¾.SlrKh ^Categorization of tea
land owner&
fuys § WodyrKhla f,i j;= ysñhka ldKav ;=klg
j¾.SlrKh lr we;'
A fhojqï myiqfjka ,nd.; yels" ;dlaIKh iy
f;dr;=re" ICT idlaIr;dj by<" W.;a iy iudc-
wd¾Ól jYfhka Yla;su;a l=vd j;= ysñhka
B fhojqï myiqfjka ,nd.; yels iy iudc-wd¾Ól
jYfhka Yla;su;a kuq;a wvq wOHdmk uÜgu" ICT
idlaIr;dj wvq l=vd j;= ysñhka
C wvq wOHdmk uÜgu" ICT idlaIr;dj wvq" fhojqï"
;dlaIK" f;dr;=re myiqfjka ,nd.; fkdyels iy
iudc-wd¾Ól jYfhka ÿmam;a l=vd j;= ysñhka
19'5'2 f;a j;= j¾.SlrKh
^Categorization of tea lands and resources)
fuys § l=vd f;a j;= o ldKav ;=klg j¾.SlrKh
lr we;'
1' by< M,odhs;djla we;s" jhi wvq f;a j.djla iys;"
fhda.H mila iys; f;a bvï"
2' oekg wvq M,odhs;djla we;s f;a iys;" kuq;a by<
úNj M,odhs f;a bvï"
3' oekg wvq M,odhs iy wvq úNj M,odhs bvï kqiqÿiq
mila iys; f;a bvï
j.=j 21( f;a j;= j¾.SlrKh ^1 - 3& iy j;= ysñhka
j¾.SlrKh ^A - C& wkqj j.d rgdj iy f;dr;=re
;dlaIK yqjudre$jHdma;sh l%ufõo f;dard .ekSu
tla tla ;;a;ajhkag .e,fmk ;dlaIK lÜg,hka
(Technology packages) ms<sfh, lr" ta ta
;dlaIKhka iïfma%IKh i|yd .e,fmk jHdma;s
l%ufõohka f;dard .; hq;= h'
19'6 f;a l¾udka;h ;=< ;dlaIK yqjudre lghq;= i|yd
Ndú; l, yels kj ixkaksfõok ;dlaI‚l fuj,ï
19'6'1 wka;¾cd,h yd iqyqre cx.u ÿrl:kh yd
iïnkaO kj ;dlaI‚l fuj,ï
úoaHq;a ;emE, ^Email&" úlsmSähd ^Wikipedia&" íf,d.a
^Blogs&" hQ áhqí ^You tube& " m¾fhaIK oajdrh
^Researchgate&" iQï iïuka;%K fõÈldj ^Zoom
Video Communications&" uhsfl%dfid*aÜ àïia
iïuka;%K fõÈldj (Microsoft Teams)
19'6'2 wka;¾cd,h ;=< we;s .+.,a ^google& mokï
lr.;a myiqlï
.=.,a úoHd¾Óhd ^Google Scholar&" .=.,a ia,hsâia
^Google slides&" .=.,a is;shï ^Google maps&".+.,a
w¾;a ^Google earth&" .+.,a v%hsõ ^Google drive&" .+.,a
Èk o¾Ykh ^Google calendar&" .+.,a mßj¾;lh
^Google translator&" .+.,a PdhdrEm ^Google photos&"
.+.,a iïuka;%K fõÈldj ^Google meet&" .+.,a
fvdlaia ^Google docs&" .+.,a mka;s ldurh ^Google
classroom& .+.,a íf,d.¾ ^Google blogger&" .+.,a
fmdaru ^Google forms&" .+.,a hdj;ald,Sk lsÍu
^Google update&
19'6'3 iqyqre cx.u ÿrl:k fhojqï (apps)
19'7 ;dlaIK Ndrldr;ajh
^Technology Stewardship&

A B C
1 iQlaIu GAP$;sridr iykdOdr iy fhojqï
lDIsl¾uh - j.djla$ idudkH iemhqu yryd GAP$
ICT mokï jQ jHdma;s lghq;= ;sridr j.djla$
jHdma;s lghq;= idudkH jHdma;s lghq;=
2 kej; j.d kej; j.d lsÍu$ iykdOdr iy fhojqï
lsÍu$ md¿ md¿ isgqùu$ w;=re iemhqu yryd kej;
isgqùu$ w;=re fnda. j.dj GAP $ j.d lsÍu$ md¿ ;dlaIK Ndrlrejka hkq m%cdjlf.a ;dlaIK
fnda. j.d ;ks mqoa., jHdma;s isgqùu$ w;=re fnda. wjYH;d wjfndaO lr .ekSu i|yd tys l%shdldÍ;ajh
$GAP$ ICT lghq;= j.dj$GAP idudkH ms<sn| m%udKj;a m<mqreoaola we;s mqoa.,hka jk
mokï jQ jHdma;s jHdma;s lghq;=
lghq;=
w;r tu wjYH;d wduka;%Kh lsÍfï § kdhl;ajh
.ekSug ;dlaIKh ms<sn| m%udKj;a m<mqreoaola o
3 w;=re fnda. w;=re fnda. j.d w;=re fnda. j.d lsÍu$
j.d lsÍu$fnda. lsÍu$fnda. úúOdx.S fnda. úúOdx.SlrKh Tjqkg we;' ;dlaI‚l Ndrldr;ajh hkq kdhl;aj
úúOdx.S lrKh$;ks mqoa., idïm%odhsl kuq;a mßir N+ñldjla jk w;r th zf;dr;=re ;dlaIK iydhlz
lrKh$;ks jHdma;s lghq;= ys;ldó lDIsl¾udka;h N+ñldj yd iudk fkdfõ' fuu N+ñldj ;=<" ;dlaIK
mqoa., jHdma;s
lghq;=
Ndrlre ikaksfõokh" mqyqKqj iy oekqu yqjudre
lsÍu i|yd äðg,a ;dlaIKhka wkq.ukh lsÍu iy
GAP (Good Agricultural Practices) Ndú;h Èßu;a lsÍu i|yd m%dfhda.sl m%cdjla iuÕ
^fhda.H lDIsld¾ñl j.d l%u Ndú;h& jev l< yels wfhls'
kj ;dlaIK Ndú;fha wjia:d iy wNsfhda. y÷kd
.ekSu i|yd ;u m%cd idudðlhska iïnkaO lr
.kafka flfiaoe hs ;dlaIK Ndrlrejka oek isáh
hq;= h¦ kjH Ndú;hkag iydh ùu i|yd iqÿiq äðg,a
f;dr;=re iy ikaksfõok ;dlaIK ^ICT& fõÈld
foaY.=K iqyqre f;a j.d ;dlaIK
59
f;dard .ekSu iy th m%cdjg .e,fmk mßÈ ilid
.ekSu Tjqkag yels úh hq;= h'
.eñ m%cdjka kj ;dlaIKhkag wkq.; ùug we;s
ìh fyda wlue;a; fndfydaúg Tjqka ;dlaIKh
ms<sn| fkdoekqj;alu ksid isÿjkakls' ta ìh ke;s
lsÍu i|yd ;dlaIK Ndrlrejkaf.a N+ñldj úYd,
msájy,la fjhs' ksrka;rfhka f;a j.dlrejka iuÕ
lghq;= lrk f;a jHdma;sh ks,OdÍka ;dlaIK Ndrldr
N+ñldj i|yd fyd¢ka mqyqKq l< hq;=h' Èfkka Èk
fjkiajk ;dlaIKh;a iuÕ bÈßhg hdug jHdma;sh
ks,OdÍka yg yels jk mßÈ kj ;dlaIKh ms<sn|j
Tjqka oekqj;a lsÍfï fiajdia: mqyqKq jevigyka
Tjqka fjkqfjka ks;r iQodkï l< hq;= h'
19'8 f;a l¾udka;h i|yd taldnoaO f;dr;=re yd
;dlaIK jHdma;s moaO;shla
f;a l¾udka;hg wjYH f;a ;dlaIKh ckkh lsÍfï
j.lSu uQ,slj u Y%S ,xld f;a m¾fhaIK wdh;kh
fj; mejÍ we;s w;r f;a j.dlrejka fj; f;a
;dlaIKh jHdma; lsÍu l=vd f;a j;= ixj¾Ok
wêldßh" f;a m¾fhaIK wdh;kh iy Y%S ,xld f;a
ukav,h fj; mejÍ we;' fï w;r" jeú,s l¾udka;h
;=< kshef,kakka mqyqKq lsÍfï j.lSu cd;sl jeú,s
l<ukdlrK wdh;kh fj; mejÍ we;'
ksjerÈ lDIsld¾ñl ms<sfj;a yd kj ;dlaIKhka
Ndú;fha wvq nj fyda Ndú;hg fkd.ekSu f;a j.dfõ
M,odhs;dj my; jeàug tla m%Odk fya;=jla f,i
y÷kdf.k we;' ;dlaIKh W;amdok iy fnodyeÍfï
hdka;%Khkaf.a .eg¨" ;dlaIKhka ksmojkakka iy
j.dlrejka$;dlaIK Ndú; lrkakka w;r we;s oekqu
mr;rh" kj ;dlaIKhkays ixlS¾K iajNdjh" kj
;dlaIKhka Ndú;d lsÍug wjYH fhojqï$WmlrK
fkdue;slu fyda ,nd .ekSug we;s wmyiqj hkdÈ h
kj ;dlaIKhka Ndú;fha wvq njg tla fya;=jla nj
fmfka'
m¾fhaIlhka úiska ixj¾Okh lrk ,o
;dlaIKhkaf.a wod< nj" blaukska iy myiqfjka
Ndú;hg .; yels nj" uQ,Huh jYfhka oeßh yels
ñ,lg ,nd .; yels nj" tu ;dlaIKhka M,odhS
ls%j,shla njg mßj¾;kh lsÍu i|yd w;HjYHfhka
u ;sìh hq;= idOlhka h'
m¾fhaIlhka úiska ixj¾Okh lrk ,o ;dlaIKhka
j.dlrejka úiska wkq.ukh fkdflf¾ kï tajdhska
m%fhdackhla fkdue;s neúka tajd j.dlrejka fj;
;dlaIK /f.k hk jHdma;s l%ufõohka M,odhS yd
ld¾hlaIu úh hq;= h'
2017 jif¾ § Y%S ,xld f;a m¾fhaIK wdh;kh isÿ
l, wOHhkhla yd foaYShj iy fjk;a rgj, mj;sk
úúO f;dr;=re fnod yeÍfï moaO;s úYaf,aIKhkaf.a
o m%;sM, u; mokï j f;a l¾udka;h i|yd taldnoaO
f;dr;=re yd ;dlaIK jHdma;s moaO;s wdlD;shla ilia
lr f;a j.dlrejka w;r m¾fhaIKhlg Ndckh
lrkq ,eî h'
tu wOHhkhg wkqj jvd;a myiqfjka yd
ld¾hlaIuj Ndú;hg .; yels ikaksfõok kd,sldj
cx.u ÿrl:kh nj fmkakqï lr we;s w;r f;a
60 cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh - 2021
j.dlrejkaf.a f;dr;=re wjYH;d ie,lSfï § øjHuh
f;dr;=re iy tajd ,nd .; yels m%Njhka flfrys
Tjqka jeä Wkkaÿjla olajd we;s nj o fmfka'
f;a l¾udka;fha j¾;udk ;dlaIK jHdma;sh i|yd
Ndú;d lrk uqøs;" Y%jH oDYH yd wfkl=;a idïm%odhsl
ikaksfõok l%ufõohka iïmQ¾Kfhka u m%;sia:dmkh
lsÍug f;dr;=re ikaksfõok ;dlaIKhkag fkdyels
nj fuu wOHhkh wjOdrKh lrhs' ta ksid" fuu
wOHhkfha fidhd .ekSï u; mokï jQ taldnoaO
f;dr;=re yd ;dlaIKh fnod yeÍu moaO;s wdlD;sh
;=< ckudOHh" uqøs; øjH iy wfkl=;a wod< jHdma;s
wOHdmk l%ufõohka o kjH wf<ú Wmdh ud¾. o
we;=<;a fõ'
by; wOHhkhg wkqj f;a j.d lafIa;%fha
kshef,kakkaf.a fiajd iy fhojqï wjYH;d ms<sn|
j ksÍlaIKh l< úg Tjqkg wjYH ;dlaI‚l
f;dr;=re iy wfkl=;a øjHuh f;dr;=re" WodyrK
f,i îc$frdamK øjH" fmdfydr j¾." lDIsld¾ñl
fuj,ï wdÈh wjYH;dj b;du;a by< nj fmkS hhs'
úfYaIfhka fujeks øjH h m%dfoaYSh jYfhka iq,N
ùu" ld,Sk wjYH;djka wkqj ,nd .; yels ùu"
wjYH m%udK j,ska wjYH ia:dkhkag f.kajd .;
yels ùu b;du;a jeo.;a h'
fï lreKq i,ld ne,Sfï § ld¾hlaIu iy m%;sM,odhS
jHdma;s fiajhla ks¾udKh lsÍfï § f;dr;=re ;dlaIK
l%ufõo iy idïm%odhsl ikaksfõok l%ufõohka
Ndú;fhka ld¾hlaIu f;dr;=re yqjudre l%ufõohka
ia:dmkh lsÍu jeo.;a nj fmfka'
19'9 taldnoaO f;dr;=re yd ;dlaIK jHdma;s moaO;s
wdlD;sh ^Model of Integrated Information and
Technology Dissemination System&
f;a l¾udka;h i|yd ilia lrk ,o taldnoaO
f;dr;=re yd ;dlaIK jHdma;s moaO;s wdlD;sh m%Odk
jYfhka wxY mylska iukaú; h' tajd kï¦
1' f;dr;=re yd b.ekaùï øjHh ksIamdok tallh
2' ;dlaIK f;dr;=re fnod yeÍfï tallh
3' idïm%odhsl jHdma;s l%u Ndú;h
4' uqøs; øjHh yd ckudOH Ndú;h
5' jHdmdr yd ;dlaIK m%j¾Ok tallh
f;dr;=re yd b.ekaùï øjH ksIamdok tallh( f;dr;=re
iy b.ekaùï wdOdrl øjH tkï Y%jH" oDIH iy uqøs;
øjHh ie,iqï lsÍu iy ksIamdokh lsÍu" uqøKh
lsÍu fuu tallh u.ska isÿ lrhs'
;dlaIK f;dr;=re fnodyeÍfï tallh( úúO
ikaksfõok udOHhka" wka;¾cd,h wdÈh Ndú;fhka
;dlaIK f;dr;=re fnod yeÍu fuu tallh ;=<ska
isÿ lrkq ,nk w;r mß.Kl mokï lr .;a iajhx
wOHhk øjH h ,nd §u o fuu tallfha j.lSuls'
iqyqre cx.u ÿrl:k jevigyka" wka;¾cd, mdol
fiajd iy uDÿldx. jeks kùk f;dr;=re ;dlaIK
fuj,ï fuu tallfha f;dr;=re fnod yeÍu i|yd
Ndú;hg .efka'
 yjq,alrejkayg kj f;dr;=re iy ;dlaIKka fnod
yeÍu i|yd by< yelshdjla we;s w;r fï i|yd
f;a l¾udka;hg iïnkaO ish¨ wdh;k fuka u
Èjhsfka fjk;a lDIs m¾fhaIK iy jHdma;s wdh;k"
úYaj úoHd, wd§ wdh;k iuÕ o ióm iïnkaO;djka
f.dvk.d .ekSu b;du;a wjYH h'

idïm%odhsl jHdma;s l%u Ndú;h( idïm%odhsl jHdma;s

l%ufõohka" tkï m%o¾Yl lafIa;%" ;dlaI‚l WoHdk
wdÈh u.ska m%dfhda.sl oekqu fnod yeÍu iy wfkl=;a
jHdma;s lghq;= l%shd;aul lsÍu fuu tallh u.ska isÿ
lrhs'
uqøs; øjHh yd ckudOH Ndú;h( ,xldfõ f;a
l¾udka;fha kshef,kakkaf.a idlaIr;dj by<
uÜgul we;s ksid" uqøs; øjH Ndú;fhka ;dlaIKh 19'10 f;a j.dj iïnkaO úoHq;a f;dr;=re ixÑ;h
fnod yeÍu i|yd by< m%jK;djla fmkakqï lrhs' ^TRI e-Repository&
fï w;r ckudOHhka o kj ;dlaIKhka ms<sn| Y%S ,xldfõ f;a j.dj iïnkaO
oekqj;a lsÍu i|yd hï ÿrlg Ndú;hg .; yels nj úoaj;a m¾fhaIKhka f.a
fmkS hhs' iduQysl m%;sM, ish¨fokdyg
jHdmdr yd ;dlaIK m%j¾Ok tallh( fiajd,dNSkaf.a mßYS,kh i|yd wjia:dj ,nd
wjYH;dj u; isÿ lrk úfYaI mqyqKq lghq;= yd §ug fuu úoHq;a f;dr;=re
f;dr;=re fnod yeÍfï fiajdjka iy ;dlaIK iy ixÑ;h ^e-Repository&
fhojqï wf,úie, o fuu tallh hgf;a ls%hd;aul fõ' ia:dms; lr we;' fuu úoHq;a f;dr;=re ixÑ;h Y%S
wka;¾cd,h yryd ñ, § .ekSï iy l=ßh¾ fiajdjka ,xld f;a m¾fhaIK wdh;kh úiska kv;a;= lrkq
yryd ñ,§ .;a NdKav fnod yeÍfï jevms<sfj<la ,nk w;r fuu.ska Y%S ,dxlSh iïNjhla we;s" f;a
fuu tallh ;=< ls%hd fõ' j.dj iïnkaO ish¨ úoaj;a m¾fhaIK m%ldYkhka
f,aLk.; lsÍu" ixrlaIKh lsÍu iy m%fõYh ,nd
taldnoaO f;dr;=re iy ;dlaIK jHdma;s moaO;shlg §u isÿ lrhs'
f;a l¾udka;h ;=< kshef,k ishÆu lafIa;%hkaf.a
http://tri.nsf.ac.lk fjí wvúfhka Tng fuu
f;dr;=re ,nd .; yel'

foaY.=K iqyqre f;a j.d ;dlaIK

61
 wdY%s; .%ka: yd ,sms f,aLk
„f;a w;afmd; ^2008&" Y%S ,xld f;a m¾fhaIKdh;kh" ;,jlef,a
„Wmfoia pl%f,aL" Y%S ,xld f;a m¾fhaIKdh;kh" ;,jlef,a
„jd¾Isl jd¾;d ^2000- 2017&" Y%S ,xld f;a m¾fhaIKdh;kh" ;,jlef,a
„úfÊr;ak" tï'ta' ^2016& f;a ms<sn| FAO wka;¾ rdcH lKavdhfï foaY.=‚l úm¾hdi
ms<sn| l%shdldÍ lKavdhfï jd¾;dj" FAO
„úfÊr;ak" tï'ta iy pkaømd," t,a' ^2013&' f;a j.d lrk lDIs-mdßißl l,dmj, j¾Idm;kh
iy WIaK;ajh úYaf,aIKh lsÍu iy foaY.=‚l úm¾hdi i|yd Y%S ,xldfõ f;a j;=j, wjodku
;lafiare lsÍu' Y%S ,xld c¾k,a T*a à ihkaia" 78 ^1$2&( 42-59
„lafIa;% ud¾f.damfoaY fmd;" Y%S ,xld f;a m¾fhaIK wdh;kh
„f;a ;;=" 2019 fj¿u 16" l<dmh 2

62 cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh - 2021

weuqKqï
weuqKqu 1( f;a mßlaIl jHdma;s ks,Odß fldÜGdY iy lDIs foaY.=‚l l,dm
f;a mßlaIl jHdma;s f;a mßlaIl jHdma;s ks,Odß
m%dfoaYslh$ Wm ld¾hd,h AER m%dfoaYslh$ Wm ld¾hd,h AER
ks,Odß fldÜGdYh fldÜGdYh
b;a;mdk .sks.;afyak WM1a
kqjrt,sh
me<j;a; fmd,amsáh
.sks.;afyak
nÿr,sh ,laImdk WU1
l¨;r WL1a
ó.y;ekak ó.y;ekak ks,aoKavdyskak
hÜgmd; kqjrt,sh ukaodrïkqjr IMC3
yeä.,a, yÕ=rkafl; j,mfka
w.,j;a; yÕ=rkafl;
fl<skalkao we,a,
nq,;aisxy, nKavdrfj, IM3c
l¨;r WL1b
fydrK u;+.u nKavdrfj, n,a,flgqj
uy.u$jrldf.dv nKavdrfj, ,shka.yfj,
IM3a
fydrK ymqq;f,a
is;djl WL1a y,aÿïuq,a, IM3b

wlaóuk fndr,kao IM3c

buÿj nUrmdk
.d,a, WL2a
nKavdrfj,
fldÜgj ÆKqj;a;
wlaóuk je,suv IU3e
fnrKf.dv je,suv
hlal,uq,a,
we;al÷r wegïmsáh
we,amsáh miair
IU3e
.d,a, lyÿj nKavdrfj, jEmiaidfj,
WL2a
we,amsáh kshd.u yd,swe, yd,swe,
msá., nÿ,a, IM1a

ngfmd, ÆKq., IM2b

´md; .ïfmd, WM2a

fo,a,j ks,a,U
fkÆj uykqjr mkaú,;ekak WU2b
.d,a, .ïfmd,
ysksÿu udjkdk WL1a mqqiaie,a,dj
ynrlv mqmq/iai IM3c

y,aúá., .,f.or WM3a

ysksÿu .kafkdarej
;siamfka oka;=f¾
uykqjr
mQv¿Th ue‚laÈfj,
kqjrt,sh .srd.u WM2a
rejkamqr WU2b jÜgmafmd,
fld;auf,
yrx., ykafoiai
fy,afndv

foaY.=K iqyqre f;a j.d ;dlaIK

63
 f;a mßlaIl jHdma;s f;a mßlaIl jHdma;s ks,Odß
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64 cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh - 2021

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foaY.=K iqyqre f;a j.d ;dlaIK

65
66 cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh - 2021
foaY.=K iqyqre f;a j.d ;dlaIK
67
weuqKqu 3( úúO f;a l,dmhka i|yd ks¾foaYs; f;a m%fNao iy tajdfha idOkSh .;s ,laIK
j.=j 1( Wvrg f;a l,dmh i|yd ks¾foaYs; f;a m%fNao iy tajdfha idOkSh .;s ,laIK
H - b;d m%;sfrdaë M - ;rula$uOHia:j m%;sfrdaë

m%fNao wiajekak iqÿnqnq¨ kshÕh l|.=,a, jgmkq ms,sld uq,awe§u .=Kd;auh

DT1 H H H H H

PK2 H H M H M H
75, H H H M H H
TRI 2043 H H M M H
75, H H M H

75, H H M H H

75, H H M H M
75, H H M H
TRI 4079 H M H H M H

75, H M H M M H M

75, H M H H H M
TRI 3019 H M H H M
75, H M M M H M
75, H M H H H M
TRI 4071 H M H H H
75, H M H H H
TRI 3016 H M M H
TRI 2024 H H H M
TRI 3013 H H M H H
TRI 3020 H H H
TRI 4034 H M H M
75, H M H
TRI 2023 H H H
TRI 4067 M H H M M M H
N2 M H H M M H H
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TRI 3072 M H H M H
TRI 3073 M H H M H
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68 cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh - 2021

j.=j 2( ueorg f;a j.d l,dmh i|yd ks¾foaYs; f;a m%fNao iy tajdfha idOkSh .;s ,laIK
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TRI 4047 H H H H H H

DG39 H H H M H H
DG7 H H M M H H
75, H H M M H M
TRI 4042 H H H H

TRI 2027 H H M M H H H

75, H H M H H
75, H H M H H
TRI 3014 H H H H

TRI 4071 H H H H M H

TRI 3013 H H M H M
TRI 4006 H H M H H H
TRI 4046 H H H H
TRI 3019 H H H

TRI 3020 H H H

TRI 62/9 H M H M
75, H M M H
TRI 2043 H M M H
TRI 3017 H M M H
75, H M H
TRI 2026 H M/S H
TRI 2023 H H H H
TRI 2024 H M H
DN M H H M H M
CY9 M H H M H M
75, M M M H H
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foaY.=K iqyqre f;a j.d ;dlaIK

69
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m%fNao wiajekak kshÕh iÔù f;ahd ms,sld l|.=,a, jgmkq iqÿnqnq¨ uq,awe§u
75, H H H H M H H
75, H H H M M M H

TRI 2027 H H H M M H H H
TRI 4071 H H H M H M
TRI 4042 H H H H H
TRI 4046 H H H H H
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75, H H M M H H

75, H H H M H H

TRI 3022 H H H M H
TRI 3019 H H M H
TRI 3013 H H M M H H
TRI 2022 H H M H H
TRI 2043 H M M H M H
75, H M M M M H
TRI 3017 H M M M M M H
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75, H M H
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TRI 2023 H H H
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75, M M H
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. M M M M M M

70 cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh - 2021

j.=j 4( my;rg f;a j.d l,dmh i|yd ks¾foaYs; f;a m%fNao iy tajdfha idOkSh .;s ,laIK
H- b;d m%;sfrdaë M- ;rula$uOHia:j m%;sfrdaë

m%fNao wiajekak kshÕh iÔù fõhd ms,sld l|.=,a, jgmkq iqÿnqnq¨ .=Kd;auh

TRI 4047 H H H H H H H

TRI 4004 H H H H H H
75, H H H H M H H
DG39 H H H H H M H

+ H H H H H M H

75, H H H M M H M H
75, H H H M H H H
TRI 2027 H H M H M M M H
75, H H M H H H

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TRI 4042 H H H H H
75, H H M H M H
75, H H M H M H
TRI 4061 H H M H M H
TRI 2022 H H M H M
75, H H M M H
TRI 3014 H H M H
KP 204 H H H H

TRI 4006 H H H M H H

75, H H M M M M

75, H H M M H

TRI 3022 H H M H
TRI 4043 H H H H
TRI 4014 H H M H
TRI 62/6 H M H H H H
TRI 3069 H M H H M H
TRI 62/9 H M H M H H

TRI 2043 H M M M H

TRI 2026 H M/S H

TRI 4024 H H M H
TRI 4049 H H H H M
S 106 H H H H H

75, H H H H M H
75, H M H H M S H
TRI 3047 H H M M H

foaY.=K iqyqre f;a j.d ;dlaIK

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cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh - 2021