Arteries in the human body follow specific courses and branching patterns as they deliver

oxygenated blood away from the heart to various tissues and organs. :

1. **Aorta:**
- The aorta is the largest artery in the body and originates from the left ventricle of the
heart.
- It ascends upward from the heart and arches over to the left, forming the aortic arch.
- The aortic arch gives rise to three major arteries:
- **Brachiocephalic Artery:** Branches into the right subclavian artery and the right
common carotid artery.
- **Left Common Carotid Artery:** Supplies blood to the left side of the head and neck.
- **Left Subclavian Artery:** Supplies blood to the left arm and shoulder.
2. **Descending Aorta:**
- The aorta continues downward after the aortic arch as the descending aorta.
- It travels through the chest (thoracic aorta) and then into the abdomen (abdominal aorta).
- Along its course, numerous branches supply blood to various organs and tissues,
including the coronary arteries (to the heart), intercostal arteries (to the ribs), and visceral
branches (to abdominal organs).
3. **Common Iliac Arteries:**
- As the abdominal aorta descends into the pelvis, it bifurcates into the left and right
common iliac arteries.
- The common iliac arteries further branch into internal and external iliac arteries.
4. **External Iliac Arteries:**
- These arteries supply blood to the lower limbs and eventually become the femoral
arteries as they pass into the thigh.
5. **Femoral Arteries:**
- The femoral arteries continue to supply the lower limbs and branch into various arteries
that provide blood to the thigh, knee, calf, and foot.
6. **Axillary Artery and Brachial Artery:**
- The subclavian arteries (which arise from the aortic arch or the brachiocephalic artery)
become the axillary arteries as they pass into the armpit.
- The axillary artery then becomes the brachial artery as it descends into the arm,
supplying blood to the upper limb.
7. **Radial and Ulnar Arteries:**
- The brachial artery divides at the elbow into the radial and ulnar arteries.
- These arteries supply the forearm and hand.
8. **Carotid Arteries:**
- The common carotid arteries (left and right) arise from the aortic arch.
- They travel up the neck and divide into the internal carotid artery (supplies the brain) and
the external carotid artery (supplies the neck and face).
9. **Renal Arteries:** - Branches of the abdominal aorta supply blood to the kidneys
through the renal arteries.

10. **Mesenteric Arteries:**

- Arising from the abdominal aorta, the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries provide
blood to the intestines.