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Home | Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India

In 2012, only 27 percent of adult Indian women had a job, or were
actively looking for one, compared to 79 percent of men. In fact, almost
20 million women had dropped out of the workforce between 2005 and
2012. This is equivalent to the entire population of Sri Lanka.

India ranks 120 among 131 countries in female labour force

participation rates and rates of gender-based violence remain
unacceptably high. It’s hard to develop in an inclusive and sustainable
way when half of the population is not fully participating in the
economy. At 17% of GDP, the economic contribution of Indian women is
less than half the global average, and compares unfavourably to the
40% in China, for instance. India could boost its growth by 1.5
percentage points to 9 percent per year if around 50% of women could
join the work force. However, these projects and interventions alone
are insufficient. Research shows that even women that have completed
skills programs and get jobs tend to drop out in response to family
pressures. Changing social norms around marriage, work and
household duties will have to be part of the agenda.

On the other hand, the loss of significant numbers of the highly skilled has undoubtedly had negative
effects as well, perhaps most manifest in reducing the supply of professionals with the managerial and
technical capabilities to run institutions and organizations, be they colleges or hospitals, statistical
systems or research laboratories. A prime example of these adverse effects can be seen in India’s
higher education system. When the IITs and IIMs, as well as new science and technology research
institutes were set up in the 1950s and 1960s many of the key personnel in these institutions were
trained abroad and returned to India, inspired by the heady days of “nation building.” But by the late
1960s, more and more of India’s best and brightest began to go abroad, never to return. The migrant
stream to the United States in particular has been the most highly educated, both compared to other
immigrants into the US, as well as to other Indian migrant streams abroad. Since the 1990s, increasing
numbers of skilled emigrants from India have also been moving to Australia, Canada, New Zealand
and Singapore.

The economic impact of international migration on India has been primarily shaped by two key
channels — financial and human capital. The oil boom-induced Gulf migration in the early 1970s is
when efforts at attracting inflows from Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) began. Since then financial
remittance has emerged as an important part of India’s balance of payments. Remittances were
virtually negligible in 1970, rose to $2.8 billion in 1980, stagnated during the 1980s and even dropped
slightly to $2.4 billion in 1990. Since then they have climbed steeply to $11.1 billion in 1999 and over
$50 billion — nearly 5 percent of GDP — in 2009.

Children play an important role in the economy. Access to essential health, educational and nutritional
requirements for every child enables more equal access to better paying jobs later in life, as well as
improved productivity, and can ultimately bolster a country’s economic prospects. Children who
flourish in the early years are more likely to become productive citizens and contribute to a
prosperous economy and participatory democracy. Children’s success in general, and in particular
their schooling, depends on childhood conditions. The first 1,000 days of a child’s life are the most
important to their development - and our economic success