CHAPTER

4 Projectile Motion


Projection Motion If angle of velocity v with horizontal is a, then
v y u y − gt u sin θ − gt gt
Horizontal Motion of Projectile tan α
= = = = tan θ −
u cos q = ux vx ux u cos θ u cos θ
ax = 0 At highest point: vy = 0, vx = u cos q
x = uxt = (u cos q)t 2u y 2u sin θ
y T =
Time of flight:=
g g
Horizontal range: R = (u cos q)T
u u cos q 2u 2 sin θ cos θ u 2 sin 2θ 2u x u y
= = =
H g g g
q
x It is same for q and (90° – q) and maximum for q = 45°.
R
u 2y u 2 sin 2 θ 1 2
Maximum height: = H = = gT
u 2g 2g 8
H 1
Vertical Motion of Projectile = tan θ
R 4
1 2 1
vy = uy – gt where uy = u sin q; y = uyt – gt = u sin qt – gt2
2 2 gx 2  x
 Equation of trajectory y = x tan q – 2
= x tan θ 1 − 
2
ax iˆ a y ˆj =
Net acceleration = a =+ − g ˆj 2u cos θ  R

At any Instant Horizontal Projection from a Height h

vx = u cos q, vy = u sin q – gt 2h
Time of flight T =
Ground to Ground Projectile Motion g
A body crosses two points at same height in time t1 and t2 the 2h
points are at distance x and y from starting point then Horizontal range R = uT = u
g
 gt 
A B Angle of velocity at any instant with horizontal q = tan–1  
u 
h u
u q
x
y
(a) x + y = R
(b) t1 + t2 = T h
(c) h = ½ gt1t2
(d) Average velocity from A to B is u cos q
If a person can throw a ball to a maximum distance ‘x’ then the
maximum height to which he can throw the ball will be (x/2).
Velocity of Particle at Time t: R

=v vx iˆ + v y=
ˆj u x iˆ + (u y − gt )=
ˆj u cos θiˆ + (u sin θ − gt ) ˆj

8 JEE (XI) Module-1 PW

Projected from Some Height at Some Angle Time of flight (T):
Case-I: When projected at some angle θ with the horizontal 2u sin α 2u⊥
=T =
towards upward direction. g cos β g⊥
time t1 (time of flight) to strike the ground
Maximum height from inclined plane (H):
2
T + T + 8h / g
∴ t1 = u 2 sin 2 α u 2 ⊥
2 =H =
2 g cos β 2 g ⊥
 2u sin θ 
 where T = 
 g  Range along the inclined plane (R):
R = ∆x = uxt1 2u 2 sin α cos(α + β)
R=
vx = u cos θ g cos 2 β
Case-II: When projected at angle θ with horizontal towards Case-II: Particle is projected down the incline
u
downward direction

time t2 to strike the ground then

T 2 + 8h / g – T
∴ t2 = 
2
R = ux t2 Time of flight (T):
2u sin α 2u⊥
vx = u cos θ = T =
g cos β g⊥
Projection on an Inclined Plane Maximum height (H):
u 2 sin 2 α u 2 ⊥
=H =
2 g cos β 2 g ⊥
u

 Range along the inclined plane (R):
2u 2 sin α cos(α − β)
Case-I: Particle is projected up the incline R=
g cos 2 β

P Projectile Motion 9
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