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Leading and Management of People

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Table of Contents

Introduction....................................................................................................................................3

Strategic Leadership and organizational culture promotion....................................................7

Organizational culture................................................................................................................10

Characteristics of good organizational management and Leadership………………………12

Leadership styles………………………………………………………………………………..14

Leadership theories application and Criticism……………………………………………….17

Recommendation On Leadership Effectiveness Improperness……………………………...18

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………19

Reference…………………………………………………………………………………..........20
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Leading and Management of People

Introduction

Management involves leading and directing employees to attain a specific objective,

mission, or vision. According to Shaturaev (2022), organizational culture must be a top priority

for management if it leads to a company with clear goals, objectives, mission, and vision.

Beverage syrups and extracts are manufactured, sold, and marketed by the Coca-Cola Company

of the United States. For Coca-Cola, the most popular product is Coke. A pharmacist in Atlanta,

Georgia, named John Pemberton, brought Coca-Cola to the city in 1886. The Coca-Cola

Company sells the beverage in more than 200 countries (Comfort & Jones, 2018).

The company has a long history of successfully developing an organizational culture and

leading and directing employees. Coca-Cola made it a priority in the early 1900s to cultivate an

organizational climate that rewarded hard work and fostered long-term commitment among its

workers. In addition to using company-sponsored events like picnics and sports teams, a

corporate hymn was produced to encourage unity. The corporation started advertising in the

1930s to improve its image and brand recognition. This era's Coca-Cola ads are some of the best-

known and most popular in recent memory. The Coca-Cola Pavilion at the 1964 New York

World's Fair was made possible in part by the company's charitable initiatives

(RomeroHernández & Romero, 2018).

Organizational leadership efficiency and productivity are often challenging for company

executives to achieve. Many factors, like the size and scope of the organization, cultural

differences among its members and nations, and a wide range of employment requirements,

might influence how large and complex this problem is (Ganapathy, Mansor, & Ahmad, 2019).
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However, corporate leaders can address these impediments with a few essential methods, which

can boost the efficiency and productivity of their firms' leadership.

A Simple and Direct Vision.

Creating a clear and concise vision is the company's first step in a strategic plan.

Employees in every country should be aware of this objective. According to Smith et al. (2019),

it should be concise and clear for employees to grasp the organization's goals and why they are

important.

Universal Values

To establish a set of values that all employees must adhere to. These values should align with the

company's goals and be communicated to every employee.

Accountability

Using this method requires the establishment of an accountability structure. Everyone

should be held accountable for their activities under this system. If the system is transparent,

employees should be able to see how their actions affect the organization and create a trusting

environment.

Trust

A trustworthy setting is required for the strategy to work. The ideals of the organization should

be the cornerstones of its culture. All employees must adopt this mindset so that the company's

culture of trust can flourish.

Reward
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Incentive programs have been shown to boost productivity, loyalty, and morale among

employees and t and commitment to the company. Reward programs can also aid in acquiring

and retaining top-tier employees while fostering a positive work environment.

Feedback Mechanism

One of the most important aspects of any system is feedback. Feedback helps us know if

we are on the right track and allows us to make necessary modifications. If we do not get

feedback, we cannot improve our performance or change our behavior.

Coca-Leadership Cola's Efficiency, Effectiveness, and Criticisms

Because of its production and delivery inefficiencies, Coca-Cola has received much heat.

The corporation has been slammed for depending on franchised bottlers, which has been linked

to inefficiencies in manufacturing and distribution (Ibrahim & Daniel, 2019). It has also

developed a strong public accountability culture, which has helped ensure that staff is constantly

acting in the company's best interests. In addition, it has made significant investments in the

education and training of its employees, ensuring that they are well-versed in their respective

disciplines (Maisoni, Yasri, & Abror, 2019).

Criticisms

The failure of Coca-leadership Cola's effectiveness and efficiency has been attributed to several

causes.

Due to a lack of change management, the organization has been unable to keep pace with

the market. With the rise in popularity of healthy beverages like water and sports drinks, Coca-

Cola was slow to adapt. This has resulted in a decrease in market share for the company. The
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company's structure contributes to Coca-Cola's lack of leadership effectiveness and efficiency. It

has a centralized organizational structure with only a few top-level decision-makers. The

company may be unable to adapt quickly enough to market shifts due to its sluggish response

time (Gertner & Rifkin, 2018).

Corporate Culture and Strategic Leadership should be promoted.

A strategic leader must have the ability to conceive, plan, motivate, and use the resources

available to successfully and efficiently implement plans. Besides, effective managers combine

all of their skills into a cohesive whole. However, the corporation is mindful of its managerial

role and ultimate purpose in pursuing that vision. As a result, strategic leadership is the ability to

persuade others to make good decisions that promote the firm's long-term prospects while

maintaining short-term financial stability (Samimi et al., 2020). Leadership styles impact a

company's vision, growth route, and success potential. All staff must work together to design and

implement strategic projects. Leaders need to be well-versed in a wide range of disciplines. To

effectively manage change, all leaders must be able to design and implement a strategic plan

(Cortes & Herrmann, 2021). To attain long-term strategic goals, Coca-Cola has implemented

several different strategies. Efforts have been made to encourage and motivate employees to

reach their goals.

For the proper execution of its plans, it has established procedures and guidelines.

Because of this, it has achieved all of its long-term goals. A range of measures has been

implemented to ensure that the company's strategic goals are met. Coca-Cola, for example, has

regulations and processes in place to ensure that its goods satisfy customer expectations and are
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of excellent quality. As a result, the company has implemented procedures to ensure that its

production process runs smoothly and that its products are safe for consumers. Both the industry

and the company have room for long-term expansion. A small percentage of the carbonated

drinks consumed in industrialized countries are flavored beer products. Around 30 percent of

carbonated drinks are commercialized in developing countries, and our volume share is around

half of what is in industrialized countries. Eighty percent of the world's population can be found

in the developing and emerging worlds (Jallow, 2021). Jallow (2021).

Criticisms of the Company's Strategic Plan

Coca-Cola is a globally recognized brand with a long history of commercial success.

There has been a recent failure to meet financial targets and internal disagreements inside the

firm. Some investors have reportedly lost faith in the company (Dess et al., 2021). (2021). In

2006, Warren Buffet (a board member and a major investor in the company) withdrew from the

committee after years of dissatisfaction with the committee's inability to tackle the company's

difficulties. There have been numerous allegations against the company dating back to the 1990s,

ranging from product quality and safety to anti-competitiveness to racial discrimination to stream

stuffing to supplier conflicts to union member harassment to pollution to the degradation of

natural resources to health-related worries (Serodio et al., 2022).

Contamination and groundwater depletion at the company's Indian bottling plants have

been recorded. Toxic levels seen in Coca-Cola and other soft drinks in India in 2003 were due to

groundwater pollution, according to the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE). The first set

of soft drink chemical guidelines was formulated in 2004 with the assistance of an Indian

legislative committee. According to Coke, its water is purified, and the final goods are
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extensively tested before distribution, although sales plummeted by 15% for a brief time

(Simsek, Heavey, & Fox, 2018).

Coke bottling plant employees in Guatemala later sued the company, alleging that

forming unions had jeopardized their lives and loved ones. Allegedly, the plaintiffs alleged that

Coke was aware of retribution against unionized workers in Guatemala but did nothing to

prevent it. Despite Coca-involvement, Cola's a company spokeswoman said the Guatemalan

factory is privately owned. It has been settled in some cases, but others have yet to be resolved.

Historically, Coca-Cola has tried to improve its detection and compliance processes in response

to ethical difficulties, although it has not always been praised. According to Baumert, & de

Obeso (2021), as a result, it is still unclear whether or not this beverage giant will be able to

move on from its past ethical transgressions and continue to lead the beverage sector in the years

to come.

Importance of Work Culture

Organizational culture is a set of ideas, attitudes, and social conventions that form the

social environment of an agency and influence its members' actions. To ensure that the

company's culture is passed down to future generations, its executives establish and protect it. As

an organization grows and changes, its leaders are responsible for instilling the company's

culture in new hires. How employees dress, speak, and interact with each other and customers is

a good indicator of a company's ideals. An organization's culture has a tremendous impact on it.

It has the power to affect the way employees feel, think, and act. Businesses' ability to attract and

retain the best people and their capacity for innovation and adaptability can also be affected.
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Positive company culture can help you succeed, whereas a negative company culture can lead to

problems and failures (Lubis & Hanum, 2020).

There are several ways that a positive corporate culture can improve a company's success.

As a result, an engaged workforce, open communication, and mutual respect are all possible

outcomes of strong workplace culture. A more enjoyable work environment may increase your

position's output and contentment. More productive and engaged staff members have a positive

work environment. A welcoming environment can make attracting and maintaining top talent

easier (Elsbach & Stigliani, 2018).

Employee participation may improve morale and reduce attrition. Employees actively

involved in their work are more likely to be committed to it and care about its success.

According to Schmiedel, Müller, & von Brocke (2019), engaged employees can transmit the

company's culture and values to others as brand ambassadors. Besides, communication and

teamwork can help to promote cooperation and efficiency. Effective communication is required

for everyone to be on the same page and work toward the same goals. Cooperative effort can

help ensure that everyone is working toward the same goal.

Coca-Business Cola's Culture is Well-Known.

Organizational Management and Leadership Characteristics

Employees at Coca-Cola have been invested in and given a sense of belonging by the

company. With this strategic approach to social challenges, the company has also launched

projects benefiting its employees and the general population (Maisoni, Yasri, & Abror, 2019).

They have done this by putting their employees first and encouraging them to feel like a part of

something bigger than themselves. As a result, employees have been able to advance their skills
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and knowledge while enjoying a welcoming and courteous work environment. The company has

focused heavily on social issues as an added benefit to its employees and the communities in

which they live. It has been a long-term effect of Coca-Cola's commitment to its people and the

communities in which it operates (Bekimbetova, Erkinov, & Rakhimov, 2021).

Corporate Culture Criticisms of Coca-Cola

It has been said that Coca-Cola uses unethical marketing methods, such as promoting its

products to children and utilizing persuasion. The company has been accused of exploiting

children's vulnerability through aggressive marketing practices. The company has been accused

of aiding authoritarian regimes such as South Africa during apartheid. Tyrants and oppressors

have been supported by it in the past. Besides, Coca-Cola has been accused of contributing to

obesity and diabetes rates because of its high sugar content. Corporations like Coca-Cola have

come under fire for marketing highly caloric drinks to children and adults alike (Chu, 2020). The

administration and leadership of any company are critical to its success (Zaccaro, Dubrow, &

Kolze, 2018).

A Shared Objective.

Leaders must be able to inspire and motivate their teams while bringing the organization's goal to

life.

Responsibilities Delegation.

A competent leader knows how to delegate tasks and provide employees the freedom

they require to do their jobs well. Coworkers and other stakeholders must be able to build and

maintain positive relationships with them.

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The Importance of Time Consciousness.

Effective management of an organization requires that the leaders be aware of deadlines

and make plans accordingly. Making the most of one's available resources is a key competency

of effective leaders. Additionally, they could inspire and motivate their colleagues to be more

productive and cooperative.

Adapting to New Conditions

To succeed, a company must be flexible and able to cope with hardship.

What can a good leader do for a company's management?

There are several advantages to having true leadership in a company.

When a company has a strong CEO, it is easier to achieve its goals. Good leaders can

also help create a positive work environment that boosts productivity and motivation, according

to Ciulla (2020). To help a company overcome hurdles, strong executives may have to make

difficult decisions. By setting an example for their subordinates, great leaders may demonstrate

the importance of hard work and dedication.

In an organization, the consequences of weak leadership are;

Poor leadership in the workplace can lead to low morale, poor management, high

turnover, and a general sense of dissatisfaction among personnel. Employee trust and respect can

be eroded by poor leadership, which lowers morale and can escalate to worse problems. As a

result, a company's total performance can be severely harmed by weak leadership. When output

and morale suffer, employees are more inclined to leave. This can spark off a vicious cycle that
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is difficult to interrupt. Businesses must ensure that their CEOs are powerful and influential in

avoiding these negative results (Islam, Ahmed, & Ali, 2018).

Styles of Leadership

Different leadership styles will be valued depending on the organization's goals and

objectives. It is not uncommon for companies to employ transformational, transactional, and

laissez-faire leadership (Al Khajeh, 2018).

Transformational Leadership.

Individuals are encouraged to attain their full potential through transformational

leadership. It is common in constantly evolving companies to utilize this leadership approach. In

order to achieve their goals, transformational leaders labor tirelessly to motivate and inspire

others. They often adopt a very hands-on approach to leadership, emphasizing the need to build

relationships and trust with their subordinates. To be a transformative leader, you must hold

yourself to high standards and seek to create an environment of excellence in your firm

(Kotamena, Senjaya, & Prasetya, 2020). They all have a set of features that allow them to

succeed. They have a clear vision of what they want to accomplish and are usually devoted to

their cause. They are also noted for their practical leadership style and collaborative approach to

developing trust and bonds with their followers (Asbari, Santoso, & Prasetya, 2020).

Criticisms

Transformational leadership has been chastised for being difficult to implement and

causing a lack of accountability. According to some detractors, transformative leaders have

unreasonable expectations of their followers, which leads to disillusionment and despair.

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Transactional Leadership

Rewards are exchanged for results in performance management. This is a common

leadership style in companies with a specific goal. It is a management approach in which rewards

are exchanged for results. This leadership is common in companies whose primary goal is to

achieve a specific outcome (Jensen, 2019). Those under the leadership of a transactional leader

are held accountable for meeting or exceeding the standards and goals they set for themselves

and their team members. This type of leadership can create a frightening and menacing

atmosphere, pushing followers to achieve particular goals (Kalsoom, Khan, & Zubair, 2018).

Criticisms

A criticism of Transactional Leadership is that it inhibits creativity by focusing on the

short term. Some view the leadership style of transactional leaders as autocratic and inflexible by

certain critics.

Laissez-faire.

In a laissez-faire society, people are encouraged to work on their initiative with minimal

oversight. This type of leadership may work well in companies with highly skilled and motivated

employees. Workers who work under leaders who practice laissez-faire management, as Wong

and Giessner (2018) claim, are more likely to be trusted to perform tasks independently without

needing constant supervision. Consequently, employees may be more motivated to do their best

work. On the other side, if employees are poorly managed or lack the necessary skills to carry

out their responsibilities, this leadership style could pose issues; (Breevaart & Zacher, 2019).

Criticisms
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It has been argued that laissez-faire governance has resulted in a lack of direction and

accountability. Some observers also argue that this leadership style is too hands-off, alienating

and disengaging personnel.

Leadership and Coca-Cola

Coca-Cola uses several leadership styles depending on the situation. Transformational

leadership may be utilized while launching a new product, but transactional leadership may be

used when pursuing a short-term goal. Depending on the situation, Coca-Cola may take a laissez-

faire leadership style, such as letting employees work on their projects. As a result, Coca-

leadership Cola's style is flexible and adaptive, allowing the company to select the style that best

suits the situation. This could benefit an ever-changing business environment (Ibrahim & Daniel,

2019).

Leadership theories, Criticisms, and their Implementation

The Theory of the Great Man

A popular leadership theory holds that great leaders are not created but born. While this

may be the case, research shows that leadership skills may be learned. According to the big man

theory, the most significant historical events are attributed to great people or heroes (Girton,

2019).

The Theory of Characteristics

According to the characteristic leadership theory, people's personality features determine

whether or not they become leaders. Outgoing, ambitious, and self-assured are common

characteristics of leaders. Some have criticized the characteristic theory for failing to take into
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account the complexities of leadership because it is too reductionist. One of the most common

applications of characteristic theory is the study of leadership. According to this view, influential

leaders have certain characteristics. Such characteristics can identify and evaluate future leaders

(Ylä-Ojala). Besides, training and development programs for leaders could benefit from this

idea.

Theory of Situational Leadership

Per the situational theory of leadership, the appropriate course of action is determined by

the circumstances rather than by a universal strategy. This concept is widely accepted in business

because it allows for more flexible and adaptable leadership. For leaders, the context in which

they find themselves shapes how they interact with their subordinates, a concept known as

"situational leadership" (Thompson & Glas, 2018).

Leadership Theory of Transformation

Leaders can inspire their followers to greater heights than they could have dreamed by

embracing the philosophy of transformational leadership. This theory is frequently employed in

political and social movements because it emphasizes the role of vision and motivation in

leadership. When leaders give their followers a clear vision and help them achieve it, they can

alter their followers (Turnnidge & Côté, 2018). Businesses, governments, and educational

institutions have all employed this method.

The Coca-Cola Company is using leadership theories to improve its corporate culture.

Incorporating leadership ideas into Coca-Cola's organizational procedures has helped the

company. The transformational leadership concept has impacted the company's efforts to
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develop a more sustainable economic model. According to this theory, leaders can motivate and

inspire their employees to create extraordinary results by appealing to their higher-order

impulses. A positive impact on society and the environment has been achieved for its

shareholders and other stakeholders.

It has also employed situational leadership theory to change leadership style depending

on the circumstances. In this view, there is no such thing as a leadership style that fits all, and the

most effective leaders can change their approach depending on the demands of their team and the

current situation. Based on this approach, it was able to create a more adaptable and responsive

company, which can better meet the needs of its employees and customers (Maisoni, Yasri, &

Abror, 2019).

Leadership ideologies have affected the business strategy of The Coca-Cola Company.

Profits for the company's shareholders and other stakeholders were generated while positive

effects on the environment and society were achieved.

Leadership Effectiveness Recommendation Improperness

Each situation necessitates a unique approach to leadership. As a result, finding a solution

that works for everyone is impossible (Puccio et al., 2020). Here are some ideas for making

leadership more effective:

 Encourage open dialogue and collaboration among the members of the team.

 Maintaining a positive and cooperative work environment.

 By setting an example for others to follow, one might inspire others to do the same.

 Clear and unmistakable communication of expectations.

 Regularly providing team members with feedback and mentoring.

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 Acknowledging and rewarding great achievement and encouraging the development of

new ideas and concepts.

Conclusion.

Employee dissatisfaction, low morale, bad management, excessive staff turnover, and

general dissatisfaction can all result from poor leadership at work. On the other hand, a lack of

trust and respect in leadership can lead to a decrease in morale and more serious issues. Finally,

poor leadership can significantly impact an organization's overall performance. Employees are

more likely to depart if production and morale suffer. There is a risk of starting a vicious cycle

difficult to break out of. To avoid these unwanted outcomes, businesses must ensure that their

CEOs are powerful and prominent (Islam, Ahmed, & Ali, 2018).

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