UPSC GS-1: Geography Previous

Years Questions (Topic wise)

/ UPSC_GS1_GEOGRAPHY / By crackingcivilservices

Geography Topicwise PYQs

Syllabus Topics: Salient features of world’s physical
geography.

Why is India considered as a sub-continent? Elaborate your

answer. [ UPSC- 2021]
Briefly mention the alignment of major mountain ranges of the
world and explain their impact on local weather conditions,
with examples. [ UPSC- 2021]
Discuss the geophysical characteristics of Circum-Pacific
Zone. (परी-प्रशांत क्षेत्र के भू-भौितकीय अिभलक्षणों का िववेचन कीिजए l)
[UPSC- 2020]
The process of desertification does not have climatic
boundaries. Justify with examples. (मरुशलीकरण के प्रक्रम की
जलवायिवक सीमाएँ नहीं होती है l उदाहरणों सिहत औिचत्य िसद्ध कीिजए l)
[UPSC- 2020]
Why is Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS)
needed? How does it help in navigation?[UPSC- 2018]
Define mantle plume and explain its role in plate tectonics.
[UPSC- 2018]
How does the Juno Mission of NASA help to understand the
origin and evolution of the Earth? [UPSC- 2017]
“The Himalayas are highly prone to landslides.” Discuss the
causes and suggest suitable measures of mitigation. [UPSC-
2016]

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 Bring out the causes for more frequent landslides in the
Himalayas than in Western Ghats. [UPSC- 2013]
Differentiate the causes of landslides in the Himalayan
region and Western Ghats. [UPSC- 2021]
Explain the formation of thousands of islands in Indonesian and
Philippines archipelagos.[UPSC- 2014]
Why are the world’s fold mountain systems located along the
margins of continents? Bring out the association between the
global distribution of Fold Mountains and the earthquakes
and volcanoes. [UPSC- 2014]
What do you understand by the theory of continental drift?
Discuss the prominent evidences in its support. [UPSC- 2013]
There is no formation of deltas by rivers of the Western Ghat.
Why? [UPSC- 2013]
Major hot deserts in northern hemisphere are located between
20-30 degree north and on the western side of the continents.
Why? [UPSC- 2013]

Syllabus Topics: Distribution of key natural resources across

the world (including South Asia and the Indian subcontinent)

Despite India being one of the countries of the Gondwanaland,

its mining industry contributes much less to its Gross Domestic
Product(GDP) in percentage. Discuss. [UPSC-2021]
Discuss the multi-dimensional implications of uneven
distribution of mineral oil in the world. [UPSC-2021]
The interlinking of rivers can provide viable solutions to the
multi-dimensional inter-related problems of droughts, floods
and interrupted navigation. Critically examine. (निदयों को आपस में
जोड़ना सूखा, बाढ़ और बािधत जल-पिरवहन जैसी बहु-आयामी अन्तसर्म्बिन्धत
समस्याओं का व्यवहायर् समाधान दे सकता है l आलोचनात्मक पिरक्षण कीिजए l)
[UPSC-2020]

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 India has immense potential of solar energy though there are
regional variations in its development. Elaborate. (भारत में सौर
ऊजार् की प्रचुर संभावनाएँ हैं हालाँिक इसके िवकास में क्षेितया िभन्नताएँ हैं l
िवस्तृत वणर्न कीिजए l) [UPSC-2020]
Examine the status of forest resources of India and its resultant
impact on climate change. (भारत संसाधनों की िस्तिथ एवं जलवायु
पिरवतर्न पर उसके पिरणामी प्रभावों का पिरक्षण कीिजए l) [UPSC-2020]
Can the strategy of regional-resource based manufacturing
help in promoting employment in India? (क्या प्रादेिशक संसाधन-
आधािरत िविनमार्ण की रणनीित भारत में रोज़गार की प्रोन्नित करने में सहायक हो
सकती है ?) [UPSC-2019]
Why is India taking keen interest in resources of Arctic
Region? [UPSC-2018]
The effective management of land and water resources will
drastically reduce the human miseries. Explain. [UPSC-2016]
South China Sea has assumed great geopolitical significance in
the present context. Comment. [UPSC-2016]
Present an account of the Indus Water Treaty and examine its
ecological, economic and political implications in the context of
changing bilateral relations. [UPSC-2016]
Enumerate the problems and prospects of inland water
transport in India. [UPSC-2016]
In what way micro-watershed Development projects help in
water conservation in drought prone and semi-arid regions of
India. [UPSC-2016]
What are the economic significances of discovery of oil in
Arctic Sea and its possible environmental consequences?
[UPSC-2015]
India is well endowed with fresh water resources. Critically
examine why it still suffers from water scarcity. [UPSC-2015]
The states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and

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 Uttarakhand reaching the limits of their ecological carrying
capacity due to tourism. Critically evaluate. [UPSC-2015]
Critically evaluate the various resources of the oceans which
can be harnessed to meet the resource crisis in the world.
[UPSC-2014]
How does India see its place in the economic space of rising
natural resource rich Africa? [UPSC-2014]
With growing scarcity of fossil fuels, the atomic energy is
gaining more and more significance in India. Discuss the
availability of raw material required for the generation of atomic
energy in India and in the world. [UPSC-2013]
It is said the India has substantial reserves of shale oil and gas,
which can feed the needs of country for quarter century.
However, tapping of the resources doesn’t appear to be high
on the agenda. Discuss critically the availability and issues
involved. [UPSC-2013]

Syllabus Topics: Factors responsible for the location of

primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries in various
parts of the world (including India)

Account for the present location of iron and steel industries

away from the source of raw material, by giving examples.
(वतर्मान में लोह एवं इस्पात उद्योगों की कच्चे माल के स्त्रोत से दू र िस्तिथ का
उदाहरणों सिहत कारन बताइए l) [UPSC-2020]
Account for the change in the spatial pattern of the Iron
and Steel industry in the world. [UPSC-2014]
Discuss the factors for localization of agro-based food
processing industries of North-West India. (उत्तर-पिश्चमी भारत के
कृिष-आधािरत खाद्य प्रक्रमण उद्योगों के स्थाणुयकरण के कारकों पर चचार्
कीिजए | ) [UPSC-2019]
Define blue revolution, explain the problems and strategies for

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 pisciculture development in India. [UPSC-2018]
What is the significance of Industrial Corridors in India? Identify
industrial corridors, explain their main characteristics. [UPSC-
2018]
Petroleum refineries are not necessarily located nearer to
crude oil producing areas, particularly in many of the
developing countries. Explain its implications. [UPSC-2017]
Whereas the British planters had developed tea gardens all
along the Shivaliks and Lesser Himalayas from Assam to
Himachal Pradesh, in effect they did not succeed beyond the
Darjeeling area. Explain. [UPSC-2014]
Why did the Green Revolution in India virtually by-pass the
eastern region despite fertile soil and good availability of
water? [UPSC-2014]
Do you agree that there is a growing trend of opening new
sugar mills in the Southern states of India? Discuss with
justification. [UPSC-2013]
Analyze the factors for highly decentralized cotton textile
industry in India. [UPSC-2013]

Syllabus Topics: Important Geophysical phenomena such as

earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc.,

Mention the global occurrence of volcanic eruptions in 2021

and their impact on regional environment. [UPSC-2021]
Tropical cyclones are largely confined to South China Sea, Bay
of Bengal and Gulf of Mexico. Why? [UPSC-2014]
Most of the unusual climatic happenings are explained as an
outcome of the El-Nino effect. Do you agree? [UPSC-2014]
The recent cyclone on the east coast of India was called
“Phailin”. How are the tropical cyclones named across the
world?[UPSC-2013]

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 Syllabus Topics: Geographical features and their location–
changes in critical geographical features (including water bodies
and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such
changes.

How do the melting of the Arctic ice and glaciers of the

Antarctic differently affect the weather patterns and human
activities on the Earth? Explain.
How will the meeting of Himalayan glaciers have a far-
reaching impact on the water resources of India? (िहमालय के
िहमनदों के िपघलने का भारत के जल-संसाधनों पर िकस प्रकार दू रगामी प्रभाव
होगा ?) [UPSC-20200]
Assess the impact of global warming on coral life system with
examples. (वैिश्वक तापन का प्रवाल जीवन तंत्र पर प्रभाव का, उदाहरणों के
साथ, आकलन कीिजए | ) [UPSC-2019]
How do ocean currents and water masses differ in their
impacts on marine life and the coastal environment? Give
suitable examples? (महासागर धाराएँ और जल रािशयाँ समुद्री जीवन और
तटीय पयार्वरण पर अपने प्रभावों में िकस-िकस प्रकार परस्पर िभन्न हैं ? उपयुक्त
उदहारण दीिजए | )[UPSC-2019]
Discuss the causes of depletion of mangroves and explain
their importance in maintaining coastal ecology. (मैंग्रोवों के
िरक्तीकरण के कारणों पर चचार् कीिजए और तटीय पािरिस्थितकी का अनुरक्षण
करने में इनके महत्व को स्पष्ट कीिजए | ) [UPSC-2019]
How can the mountain ecosystem be restored from the
negative impact of development initiatives and tourism? (पवर्त
पािरिस्थितकी तंत्र को िवकास पहलों और पयर्टन के ऋणात्मक प्रभाव से िकस
प्रकार पूण:स्थािपत िकया जा सकता है ? ) [UPSC-2019]
What is water stress? How and why does it differ regionally in
India? (जल प्रितबल (वाटर स्ट्रैस) का क्या मतलब है ? भारत में यह िकस प्रकार
और िकस कारन प्रादेिशकत: िभन्न-िभन्न है ?) [UPSC-2019]

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 What are the consequences of spreading of ‘Dead Zones’ on
marine ecosystem? [UPSC-2018]
In spite of adverse environmental impact, coal mining is still
inevitable for development.” Discuss. [UPSC-2017]
Mention the advantages of the cultivation of pulse because of
which the year 2016 was declared as the International Year of
Pulses by the United Nations [UPSC-2017]
How does the cryosphere affect global climate? [UPSC-2017]
Account for variations in oceanic salinity and discuss its multi-
dimensional effects. [UPSC-2017]
What characteristics can be assigned to monsoon climate that
succeeds in feeding more than 50 percent of the won
population residing in Monsoon Asia? [UPSC-2017]
In what way can flood be converted into a sustainable source
of irrigation and all-weather inland navigation in India? [UPSC-
2017]
Discuss the concept of air mass and explain its role in macro-
climatic changes. [UPSC-2016]
Explain the factors responsible for the origin of ocean currents.
How do they influence regional climates, fishing and
navigation? [UPSC-2015]
How far do you agree that the behavior of the Indian monsoon
has been changing due to humanizing landscapes? Discuss.
[UPSC-2015]
Bring out the relationship between the shrinking Himalayan
glaciers and the symptoms of climate change in the Indian
sub-continent.[UPSC-2014]
What do you understand by the phenomenon of temperature
inversion in meteorology? How does it affect the weather and
the habitants of the place? [UPSC-2013]

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