George Ayubu 094456

You might also like

Download as docx, pdf, or txt
Download as docx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1of 11

MZUMBE UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES


(FSS)
PROGRAMME NAME : BAED-EM3
COURSE NAME : VECTOR MECHANICS
COURSE CODE : MSS 312
LECTURER’S NAME : DR. MALIMA
STUDENT’S NAME : BARAKA AUGUSTINO LUTUMO
REGISTRATION NUMBEER : 133272/T.21
TASK : INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT
DATE OF SUBMISSION : 05.02.2024
QUESTION 01:
Given vertices of quadrilateral A (2, 1, 3), B (6, 5, 3), C (6, 1,-1) and D (2,-3,-1)

[ ] []
6 1
And vector equation of line L1 given by; r = 1 + λ 1
−1 0

(a) (i) find vector ⃗


AB

Now, A (2, 1, 3) and B (6, 5, 3)

[][][]
6 2 4
⃗ ⃗ ⃗
Then; AB= B − A = 5 − 1 = 4
3 3 0

[]
4
⇒⃗AB= 4
0

(ii)Show that the line AB is parallel to L1

To show that the line AB is parallel to L1, we can check if the direction vector of AB is a
scalar multiple of the direction vector of L1

[] []
4 1
Remember, ⃗
AB= 4 and the direction vector of L1 is given by 1
0 0

If ⃗
AB is a scalar multiple of the direction vector of L1, then there exist a scalar k such that

[]
1

AB=K . 1 Satisfied when k=4
0

Therefore, the line AB is parallel to L1.

(iii) To verify that point D lies on L1, we substitute coordinates of D into the vector equation
of L1.

[ ] []
6 1
Given, D (2,-3,-1) and r = 1 + λ 1
−1 0

Let’s verify if the coordinates of D satisfy this equation


[ ][] []
2 6 1
−3 = 1 + λ 1 This equation holds when λ=−4
−1 1 0

Therefore, point D lies on line L1


(b) Given, D (2, -3, -1) and M (4, 1, 1) which are points passed by line L2
(i) Find vector equation of L2
We can use the point direction form of a line equation
r =D+t ( M −D ) Where r, M and D are points on the line and t is a parameter

[ ] [( ) ( )]
2 4 2
⇒r = −3 +t 1 − −3
−1 1 −1

[ ] []
2 2
⇒r = −3 +t 4 this is a required vector equation of L2
−1 2

(ii) Find the angle between L2 and AC


Given points A (2, 1, 3) and C (6, 1,-1)

[ ][][ ]
6 2 4
Then, ⃗
AC = ⃗
C − ⃗
A= 1 − 1 = 0
−1 3 −4

[ ] []
2 2
The vector equation of L2 is given by, r = −3 +t 4
−1 2

Then the line L2 has a vector let say q⃗ given by,

[]
1
q⃗ = 2 Where parameter t=2
1

Therefore,

[ ][ ]
1 4
AC ∙ ⃗q =|⃗
⃗ AC||q⃗|cos θ ⇒ 2 ∙ 0 =0
1 −4

Therefore, the dot product of two vectors is perpendicular hence, the angle between L2 and
AC is 90° .
QUESTION 02:
Given points A (2, 4, 1) and B (3, 2,-1)

[]
0
⃗ ⃗ ⃗
¿ OC=2 OB ; Where O is the origin ⇒ O= 0
0

(a) Find the vectors:


(i) ⃗
OC

OC=2 ⃗ OB

[( ) ( )]
3 0

OC=2 2 − 0
−1 0

[] []
3 6

OC=2 2 ⃗
⇒ OC= 4
−1 −2
(ii) ⃗
AB

[ ][]
3 2

AB= ⃗
B −⃗A= 2 − 4
−1 1

[]
1

⇒ AB= −2
−2

(b) (i) Given points A (2,4,1) and C (6,4, -2)


Required to show that distance between points A and C is 5

[ ][] []
6 2 4
⃗ ⃗ ⃗
AC =C − A= 4 − 4 ⃗
⇒ AC = 0
−2 1 −3

⇒⃗
AC =4 i+ 0 j−3 k
From,

Distance(d)=√ x 2 + y 2 + z 2

Distance(d)=√ 42 +0 2+−3 2
Distance (d) = 5 units hence shown
(i) Find the size of the angle ABC
[ ][] []
3 2 1

AB= ⃗
B −⃗
A= 2 − 4 ⇒ ⃗
AB= −2
−1 1 −2

[ ][] []
6 2 4
⃗ ⃗ ⃗
AC =C − A= 4 − 4 ⇒ ⃗
AC= 0
−2 1 −3

From;
⃗ AB||⃗
AC =|⃗
AB ∙ ⃗ AC |cos θ

[ ][ ]
1 4
−2 ∙ 0 = (3 × 5 ) cos θ
−2 −3
2
10=15 cos θ ⇒ cos θ=
3
° °
θ=48.189 ≈ 48
(C) Given points A (2, 4, 1), B (3, 2,-1), C (6, 4,-2) and P (α , β , γ )
Such that: BP ⊥ AC
Show that; 4 α −3 γ =15

[ ]
α−3

BP= ⃗
P −⃗
B = β−2 And ⃗
AC =[ 4 ,0 ,−3 ]
γ +1

For perpendicular vectors;



BP ∙ ⃗
AC =0

[ ][ ]
α −3 4
β−2 ∙ 0 =0
γ +1 −3

4 ( α −3 ) +0 ( β−2 ) −3 ( γ +1 )=0
4 α −12−3 γ −3=0
4 α −3 γ −15=0
⇒ 4 α −3 γ =15 Hence shown

QUESTION 03:
The points A, B and C have coordinates (3,-2, 4), (5, 4, 0) and (11, 6,-4) respectively.
(a)
(i) Find vector ⃗
BA
Given points A (3,-2, 4) and B (5, 4, 0)

[ ][]
3 5
⃗ ⃗ ⃗
BA= A − B = −2 − 4
4 0

[]
−2
⇒ ⃗
B A= −6
4

(ii) Show that the size of angle ABC is cos


−1
( −57 )
[]
−2
Remember that; ⃗
BA= −6
4

[ ][] []
11 5 6
And, ⃗
BC = ⃗
C − ⃗
B = 6 − 4 ⇒ ⃗
B C = 2
−4 0 −4

From:
⃗ BA||⃗
BC =|⃗
BA ∙ ⃗ BC|cos ABC

[ ][ ]
−2 6
−6 ∙ 2 =√56 √56 cos ABC
4 −4
−40
−40=√ 56 √ 56 cos ABC ⇒ cos ABC =
√ 56 √ 56
−5
cos ABC =
7

Therefore, ¿ ABC=cos
−1
( −57 ) hence shown

[][]
8 1
(b) The line L has equation given by: r = −3 + λ 3
2 −2
(i) Verify that point C lies on L
 To verify that C lies on L we substitute the coordinates of C into the vector equation
of L
[][]
8 1
We have point C (11, 6,-4) and r = −3 + λ 3
2 −2
Then;

[ ][ ] [ ]
11 8 1
6 = −3 + λ 3
−4 2 −2

{
λ+8=11
⇒ 3 λ−3=6 ⇒ λ=3
−2 λ−2=−4
Therefore, the point C lies on line L and holds when λ=3
(ii)
Show that AB is parallel to L

[][ ]
5 3

AB= ⃗
B −⃗A = 4 − −2
0 4

[]
2

AB= 6
−4

[][]
8 1
And the vector equation on line L is given by: r = −3 + λ 3
2 −2
 To show that AB is parallel to line L, we can check if the direction vector of AB is a
scalar multiple of the direction vector of L
Then,

[] []
2 1
⃗AB= 6 ⇒ ⃗AB=2 3
−4 −2
Satisfied at k=2, where k is a scalar
Therefore, AB is parallel to line L
(C) The quadrilateral ABCD is a parallelogram, find the coordinates of D

 For a parallelogram opposite sides are parallel, therefore the vector representing
one side should be a scalar multiple of the vector representing the opposite side.
Given points A (3, -2, 4), B, (5, 4, 0), C (11, 6, -4) and D (x, y, z)
Let’s consider vector ⃗
AB∧⃗
CD
[][ ] []
5 3 2

AB= ⃗
B −⃗
A = 4 − −2 ⇒ ⃗
AB= 6
0 4 −4

[][ ] [ ]
x 11 x−11
⃗ ⃗
CD= D −C = y − 6 ⇒ ⃗
CD= y−6
z −4 z+ 4

CDis parallel to⃗


Since ⃗ AB , it must be a scalar multiple of ⃗
AB therefore;

CD=K ∙ ⃗
AB Where, k is a scalar

[]
2

CD=K ∙ 6
−4

[ ][ ]
x−11 2k
x −11 y−6 z+ 4
y−6 = 6k ⇒ k= ,k= ∧k=
2 6 −4
z+4 −4 k
x−11 y−6 z +4
⇒ = = =k let say k=-1
2 6 −4
Therefore, x=9, y=0 and z=0
The coordinates of D are given by, D (9, 0, 0)
QUESTION 04:

[][] [][]
8 3 −4 1
The lines L1 and L2 have equations r = 6 + λ −3 and r = 0 + μ 2 respectively.
−9 −1 11 −3

(a) Show that L1 and L2 are perpendicular

[] []
3 1
Let; ⃗
P 1= −3 ∧ ⃗
P 2= 2
−1 −3

For perpendicular vectors;



P 1 ∙⃗
P 2=0

[ ][ ]
3 1
−3 ∙ 2 =3−6 +3 = 0
−1 −3

Therefore, lines L1 and L2 are perpendicular


(b) Show that L1 and L2 intersect and find the coordinates of the point of intersection P.
Let the lines are;

[][]
8 3
M: r = 6 + λ −3 and
−9 −1

[][]
−4 1
N: r = 0 + μ 2
11 −3

Then, coordinates of any random point on M are s (3λ+8, -3λ+6, -λ-9) and on N are
t ( μ−4 , 2 μ ,−3 μ+11).
 if the lines M and N intersect then, they must have a common point on them such
that s and t must coincide for some values of λ and μ.
Now,
3 λ+ 8=μ−4 ___________________ (1)
−3 λ+ 6=2 μ ____________________ (2)
−λ−9=−3 μ +11 _______________ (3)
Solve for λ and μby verifying the third condition
We get, λ = -2 and μ=6
Substitute the values of λ and μ in any of the equations (1), (2) or (3)
−λ−9=−3 μ +11

−(−2 ) −9=−3 ( 6 ) +11

-7 = -7

So, the given lines L1 and L2 intersect each other.

The point of intersection is given by substituting the value of μ in the vector equation of line L2
given by;

[][]
−4 1
r= 0 +μ 2
11 −3

But, μ=6

[ ] [ ] [ ][ ]
−4 1 −4 6
r = 0 +6 2 ⇒ r = 0 + 12
11 −3 11 −18
Therefore, the point of intersection is P (2, 12, -7)

(C) The point A (-4, 0, 11) lies on L2

The point B on L1 is such that AP = BP

Find the length of AB

Given points A (-4, 0, 11) and P (2, 12,-7)

[ ][ ]
2 −4
Then, ⃗
AP= ⃗
P − ⃗
A = 12 − 0
−7 11

[ ]
6

⇒ AP= 12 ⃗
AP=6 i+12 j−18 k
−18

Length of AP=√ x 2+ y 2+ z 2

AP2=√ 62 +122+−182

AP
2
= √ 504 units
Then,

(AB) 2 = (AP) 2 + (BP) 2

Since AP = BP

Then, (AB) 2 = 2(AP) 2

√ ( AB ) =√2 ×504
2

Therefore , AB=12 √ 7

REFERENCES:

J. L Synge, B. A. Griffith. Principle of Mechanics. McGraw-Hill Book Company. 2nd Edition.


1949.

M. R Spiegel. Theoretical Mechanics. McGraw-Hill. 1967.

You might also like