COCONUT OIL (COCOS NUCIFERA) AND CHICKEN

EGGSHELLS AS A WHITENING TOOTHPASTE

An Experimental Research
Presented to the
Faculty of Junior High School
University of La Salette High School, Inc.
Santiago City

In partial fulfillment of the requirements

In the Subject of Science-8

Researchers

Antonio, Aldrei Enzo

Bayson, Emereen Gwen
Callang, Francesca Ana Sofia
Lactao, Ian Dave M.
Lucena, Maria Isabelle
Papa, Rozean
Siao, Kate Audrey Ivvy
Soriano, Zachary

Grade 8
St. James

Ms. Jamilla R. Sayangda

Science Teacher

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researcher wishes to convey and express their profound gratitude and appreciation to those
who showed and given their concern, support, encouragement, and guidance for the
improvement of this work

To the Grade 9 – St. Augustine students batch 2022-2023 who created and formulated an idea
about this topic

To Ma’am Jamilla R. Sayangda, our Science Teacher for her guidance, encouragement,
assistance and suggestions to improve our work in every phase of this study.

To our parents and siblings for funding and helping with our research with full support.

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 DEDICATION

We heartily dedicate this piece of work

To everyone especially to the Salettinian Community

To our Science Teacher, Ms. Jamilla Sayangda

To our classmates and friends. Above all,

To our Lord Jesus Christ

Who leads us to

This work

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page…………………………………………………………………………………………..i
Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………………………...ii
Dedication………………………………………………………………………………………...iii
Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………...….1
Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………….…………2

CHAPTER I: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Background of the Study……………………………………………………………….....3
Objective of the Study………………………………………………….………….…...…3
Statement of the Problem………….………….………….………….………….…………4
Hypothesis…….………….…………….………….…………….………….…………….5
Conceptual Framework…….………….…………….………….…………….……….…5
Significance of the Study………………………………………………………………….6
Scope and Delimitation……………………………………………………………………7
Definition of Terms………………………………………………………………………..7

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE……………………………………9

CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY

Research Design………………………………………………………………………..13
Materials………………………………………………………………………………..13
Equipment………………………………………………………………………………13
Ethical Consideration……………………………………………………………………14
Statistical
Treatment……………………………………………………………………..14

CHAPTER IV: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION \

CHAPTER V: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Findings…………………………………………………………………….19
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………….19
Recommendation………………………………………………………………………...19

REFERENCES………………………………………………………………………………….20

APPENDICES
1. Documentation of Experiment…………………………………………………………...21

Personal Data of Researcher……………………………………………………………..22

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 CHAPTER 1

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In our time today, there are many products that we consume to enjoy and improve our
everyday lives. But there are some issues with famous companies just because of their popularity
and charm to the eyes of people. Let’s take a face powder company for an example. They were
famous because of the quality of their product but recently was receiving many complaints about
the composition of their product. The texture was different back when the company really
focused on quality therefore making their product view its downfall. The researchers of this
study, ensures that the consumer experiences the best of the best while making it budget-friendly
and not so time consuming. The government also stated its concerns to products that are not eco-
friendly products and have tried their best to convince companies to create environmentally
sustainable products for our future.
The researchers of this study have formulated an organic toothpaste that contains coconut
oil and egg shells for an efficient way to protect our teeth and gums for healthy living. Coconut
oil contains antimicrobial properties. Hence, it is effective against the bacteria and diseases that
can cause tooth decay and gum diseases. Coconut oil is known for its antimicrobial properties,
particularly due to its high lauric acid content. Lauric acid has been found to have antibacterial
and anti-inflammatory effects, which may contribute to improved oral health. (Peedikayil et al.,
2015). With coconut oil and other all-natural ingredients, they can help to clean your teeth and
gums. Therefore, casts down the formulation of some acid producing bacteria just like
Streptococcus mutans that causes tooth decay in any person on the planet.

In addition to coconut oil, The Coconut toothpaste that the researchers will make may or
can also contain ingredients such as baking soda, peppermint oil, and xylitol for health benefits.
Baking soda has natural whitening properties and has been shown to be effective at removing
stains on your teeth and whitening your smile, on the other hand, peppermint oil is incredibly
useful for your teeth, as its antiseptic properties will fight harmful germs and can remove bad
breath. It can also make your toothpaste taste better and your mouth fresher so that you can enjoy
brushing your teeth. Xylitol inhibits and lessens the growth of the bacteria that causes cavities. It
does this because the bacteria (Streptococcus mutans) cannot use and utilize xylitol to grow.

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Over time, the quality of the bacteria in the mouth changes and fewer and fewer decay-causing
bacteria survive on tooth surfaces with everyday uses of Xylitol. Since the product is budget-
friendly, It can solve our problems while we save money. There are also some evidence that
suggests coconut oil may be effective in reducing bad breath and can help to neutralize the odor
causing compounds in the mouth. But It's important to note that while this study indicates
potential benefits for plaque and gingivitis, bad breath (halitosis) can have various causes,
including poor oral hygiene, gum disease, and systemic conditions. While coconut oil's
antimicrobial properties may contribute to oral health, individual responses may vary. Based on
these properties, it can be possible that coconut oil toothpaste may be an effective alternative to
commercially used toothpaste for maintaining amazing oral health.

The researchers also have acknowledged the tooth-strengthening capabilities of egg

shells. Egg shells contain mostly 94% of Calcium Carbonate and other minerals that can
help strengthen the enamel, makes teeth squeaky clean and eventually even help your teeth fight
cavities. But it is a must to remove impurities so that getting the needed compounds from the egg
shells can be secured properly. It is also required that the egg shells must be super fine so that the
consumer will feel normal in using this product. According to some articles, egg shells being
used to our teeth was an old tradition by our ancestors as a medicine. Not only that, egg shells
can also help improve and strengthen the bones and joints in your body which gives a better
health result in terms of using the common toothpaste found around the market.

However, further research is needed to confirm these potential benefits coming from the
two main compounds to determine the potential and usage of an organic toothpaste. Based from
other researchers, Coconut oil and egg shell toothpaste is safe to use, but it should not replace
your regular toothpaste unless it also contains fluoride.

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OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The objectives of the study are the following:

● To investigate the effectiveness of the coconut oil as toothpaste in terms of odor, taste,

whitening effect, cooling effect, consistency and texture.

● To assess the tooth-strengthening capabilities of both coconut oil and egg shells in oral

hygiene.

● To examine the impact of coconut oil and eggshell toothpaste in our environment in terms

of valorization of biowaste for a sustainable environmental remediation.

● To compare the efficacy of coconut oil and eggshell toothpaste to other types of famous

and commercially used toothpaste.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aims to find the effectiveness of Coconut oil and most especially, Eggshells as a
prime ingredient in making an organic toothpaste.

Therefore, the following questions were formulated in order to help us with this study:

1. How effective is the organic toothpaste compared to commercialized toothpaste in terms

of:
a. Odor;
b. Taste;
c. Cooling effect;
d. Whitening Effect;
e. Consistency; and
f. Texture.
2. How effective is the organic toothpaste after:

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 a. Waking early in the morning;
b. Eating pungent food such as garlic

3. How effective the organic toothpaste compared to commercialized toothpaste in terms of:

a. Duration after application

b. Expiration of the product

HYPOTHESIS:

The researchers will prove that coconut oil in combination with chicken egg shells has
antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and hypersensitive properties, along with its ability to help
eliminate plaque and bacteria from the mouth and whiten teeth, this study will be able to
demonstrate the benefits of using both chicken eggshells and coconut oil for dental health. Based
on scientific studies, eggshell powder has the potential to improve dental health by whitening
teeth due to its mineral content, which includes calcium and other elements that promote tooth
brightness and gum health. After using the toothpaste consistently, it will usually start to create
results. Research indicates that the anti-microbial properties of coconut oil help teeth, making it
a very powerful teeth-brightening agent in-line with the other materials used on this research.

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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The Conceptual Framework of this study uses Input-Process-Output to show the step-by-
step process in this research.

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 The input on this framework above shows the ingredients that were used to create

The first process is

The output of this research is to produce an

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of coconut oil and egg shells as an ingredient to
create an organic toothpaste The following will benefit from this study:

Student/s. Students will benefit from this study in terms of further knowledge and understanding
in aspects of oral care and therefore boost their imagination to form new and innovative products
someday. This research can also make every student to truly discover what they love to do and
job opportunities they want to take in the future.

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Future Researcher/s. This study can or may contribute knowledge for future researchers as a
foundation to their imagination. Also, it can be a starting point if they are trying to create and
find information about this topic.
Community. This study can also contribute to the community as the product is budget-friendly
and easy to make hence it is better to share the discovery of this research for everyone’s
knowledge and for their living
Environment. As this study utilizes the resources from our environment, this research can help
to lessen the pollution omitted by the people. And to discover the true potential of the products of
Mother Earth.
Agricultural Industry. This study uses organic materials therefore can help to advertise the
manufacturers of every compound used.
Dentistry Industry. Since this study is all about organic toothpaste, the researchers are hoping
that this can help the Dentistry Industry to create an eco-friendly and sustainable products that
can help not only the people but also the environment.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

This study aims to produce a healthier and eco-friendlier alternative to commercial

toothpaste. By producing an organic enamel strengthening toothpaste composed of coconut oil
and used egg shells. Hence, recycling used materials (chicken egg shell) and utilizing their
health benefits. Like strengthening the enamel, effective whitening and reducing harmful
bacteria in the mouth. Making an equally viable substitute for commercial toothpaste.

This study was conducted by The Grade 8 students of St. James (OLS 104). In the University Of
La Salette High School.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

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Antimicrobial - is an agent that destroys or stops the growth of microorganisms, including
viruses, bacteria, fungus, and protozoa.

Antiseptic - applied to live tissue, such as skin or mucous membranes, as a material or chemical
agent to lessen the chance of infection, sepsis, or putrefaction.

Enamel - is the tough outer covering of teeth found in many animals, including humans.

Fluoride - is well renowned for its capacity to fortify dental enamel and stop tooth decay.

Gingivitis - is a frequent, mild type of gum disease that makes the gums inflamed.

Lauric Acid - is a form of saturated fat that's frequently present in palm kernel and coconut oils.

Plaque - is a white, sticky layer of bacteria that develops on teeth and in the gums.

The terms and words listed below are connected and are essential to this Science Investigatory
Project. In addition, technical and operational definitions of the terminologies used are provided
to support and direct readers and future scholars in this area of study.

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 CHAPTER II:

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

According to Jay Khorsandi on (January 6, 2023) Coconut oil toothpaste is safe to use,
but it should not replace your regular toothpaste unless it also contains fluoride. Coconut oil
pulling has become increasingly popular in the United States, and medical studies support it
having some antimicrobial properties that can help your oral health. Because coconut oil is so
popular, it has become a popular ingredient in mouthwashes and toothpastes too.

Coconut oil toothpaste should not replace your standard toothpaste that contains
remineralizing ingredients like fluoride. Be sure to find a toothpaste that contains fluoride as well
as coconut or other natural ingredients. Coconut oil has been lauded for its many health benefits
in recent years, including as a way to whiten your teeth, reduce plaque and tartar buildup, and
even get rid of bad breath. Oil pulling is a tradition dating back thousands of years in some
cultures. The Western rediscovery of this process, which is similar to swishing with mouthwash,
is trending as a natural alternative to toothpastes and mouth rinses that may contain worrying
chemicals like alcohol. If you are interested in coconut oil as part of your dental hygiene routine,
you may have discovered coconut oil toothpaste.

Another study published in 2015 found that coconut oil has a beneficial impact on rates
of gingivitis and dental plaque in the mouth. Starting on the seventh day of study participation,
those who used coconut oil pulling techniques as part of their oral health routine showed reduced
gingivitis and bad breath. These studies suggest that adding coconut oil to products like
toothpaste can improve your dental health by reducing the presence of harmful bacteria.

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 According to Connie Gergson (2018,) putting coconut oil in toothpaste results in similar
benefits to oil pulling, but as you can imagine it’s a lot more convenient and pleasant. when you
brush, the coconut oil attracts bacteria. then when you spit out your toothpaste, out goes the
bacteria. easy-peasy. coconut oil is also a natural moisturizer and helps to keep your mouth
moist.

Coconut oil is also a natural source of glycerin. glycerin enhances mouthfeel so that you
enjoy the texture of your toothpaste and the sensation in your mouth. we think it’s preeeeetty
safe to say that most brushers prefer toothpaste that isn’t grainy, sticky, gummy, or drying.
Coconut oil is an environment friendly toothpaste

According to Firdous (Sept 15,2015 ), coconut oil has a variety of applications in

everyday life in various forms. As toothpaste, it is extremely beneficial for maintenance and
improvement of oral health. Coconut oil toothpaste helps to keep the teeth clean and healthy,
helps prevent deposition of plaque, bleeding of gums, formation of bad breath.

Even coconut toothpaste helps to restore dental enamel. It is easy to make, and is a safe,
inexpensive substitute for the synthetic toothpastes available on retail. Coconut oil is an edible
oil extracted from mature coconuts. It has high saturated fat content, is slowly oxidized, and is
hence resistant to becoming rancid, and can be stored for long periods of time without spoiling. It
may be used for consumption, as well as topically for various purposes. It may also be combined
with other substances to make different products, such as hair oil, lotion, toothpaste, etc.

Coconut oil toothpaste is a great natural substitute for the many artificial synthetic
products available in the market. It has a number of health benefits as well.Coconut oil is very
rich in saturated fats, and also some unsaturated fats as well. It also contains some vitamins, and
some polysterols. This amazing oil offers lots of health benefits on oral health. Its bacteria-
fighting properties against cavities and prevent tooth decay. While using coconut oil toothpaste
good for your gum infection.

Coconut oil toothpaste may be made from completely natural ingredients, and is hence
free from any synthetic chemicals which have been indicated to have adverse effects on health,
like fluorides.Coconut oil toothpaste can be effective against cavity forming bacteria. It is mostly
made of saturated fats, which interfere with the metabolism of these bacteria, and prevents tooth

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decaying acid they secrete from being effective. According to the study of Julian Woolley
(2020), Coconut oil is a cheap and accessible oil for many people around the world. There are
numerous advocates for the practice of oil pulling to prevent common oral diseases. Therefore,
determining the effectiveness of oil pulling with coconut oil could potentially have monumental
benefits.

Coconut oil toothpaste helps to improve oral. It contains vitamins, which helps to
maintain healthy gums, prevents bleeding, and prevents accumulation of odour causing bacteria.
This leads to strong, clean, and healthy teeth and mouth.Coconut oil toothpaste are free from
foaming agents present in most synthetic toothpastes. Foaming agents have been linked to the
formation of painful cankerous sores in the mouth, and their absence in coconut oil toothpaste is
a great advantage.Surfactants present in synthetic toothpastes breaks down phospholipids present
on the tongue and interferes with functioning of taste buds, which leads to enhancement of bitter
taste, and leaves the mouth vulnerable to new infection.

According to Marilou Vidallion (2018), toothpaste is used to promote oral hygiene. It

serves as an abrasive and aids in removing dental plaque and food from teeth, assists in
suppressing halitosis and delivers active ingredients mostly common fluoride to help prevent
tooth and gum disease. This study would help them know the acceptability of coconut oil as an
ingredient for homemade toothpaste by using natural ingredient than those leading brands that
use chemicals that might harm people. The researcher believes that the substance is not just an
alternative but helps consumers to use natural ingredient than that of chemicals like fluoride and
glycerin. Most people commonly urban dwellers consider this research as a homemade
toothpaste due to its processes like coconut oil extraction, which is not simple to do but the
researchers proved the acceptability of the product.

As per the USDA, coconut oil contains a wealth of minerals, vitamins, and antioxidants
that can boost health and protect the immune system. It also contains a number of powerful
medium-chain fatty acids, specifically lauric acid, capric acid and caprylic acid, along with
These MCFAs can eliminate many of the bacterial strains in the mouth that cause not only
infections but also bad breath. The Streptococcus mutans bacteria may be the most dangerous, as
it feeds off sugars in the mouth and then pumps out acid, which is the main contributor to tooth

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decay and cavities. Coconut oil can effectively eliminate those bacteria, and heal the damage that
has been done to the gums and teeth.

According to Dr Ginger, (2023) Coconut oil has revealed another of its many health
benefits – it can kill bacteria associated with tooth decay. Researchers from Ireland’s Athlone
Institute of Technology (AIT) tested coconut oil’s action against Streptococcus bacteria, which
inhabit your mouth. They showed that when the oil was treated with enzymes, in a process
similar to digestion, it inhibited the growth of bacteria, including Streptococcus mutans that
produces acids which can make your teeth rot.

The research team tested vegetable oil, olive oil and coconut oil, both in their natural
state and when treated with enzymes. Only coconut oil treated with enzymes showed the
antimicrobial activity, and already small quantities were able to reach the positive effect.
Keeping coconut oil in your mouth allows it to interact with your saliva which has natural
digestive enzymes from your own body.

This recent research built on a previous study that examined the effects of enzyme-treated
milk, which also showed the potential to prevent the harmful bacteria from binding to tooth
enamel. Dr. Damien Brady, the lead researcher, explains that their data shows the products of
human digestion have an antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, he believes the findings are
important for the future of dental hygiene products. Thus, coconut oil could prove to be a viable
and safe alternative to commercially used chemical products and all you need to do it to keep it
in your mouth so that it would interact with the enzymes found in your saliva.

REFERENCES:

Khorsandi, J. (2024). Guava Leaves is soap.

https://www.hello-products.com/about/ingredients/coconut-oil/?fbclid=IwAR0u1GLXT-
6MLVhasmxBf_cGTUDxXgCKyLV8hPaJXW5dXy1jxeECll9CoAk

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 CHAPTER III:

METHODOLOGY

This chapter furnishes the materials and apparatuses that are required in the research.
Furthermore, this chapter also disseminates and enumerates all of the information, trials, and
procedures used to test the variable and experimental subjects.

RESEARCH METHOD

This research is experimental research. The researchers in this experimental study used precise
information and datas of the cause and effect of the variable. In addition, this study also used
scientific observation to manifest the hypothesis that the banana stem as a drinkable juice is
effective and can control high blood pressure.

These are the following materials and how they were used in the experiment:

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EQUIPMENTS

Tablespoon - used to measure the ingredients

Bowl - where we put/mix the ingredients
Spoon - uses for scooping/measuring the ingredients
Container - used to hold food at room temperature, in the refrigerator, or in the freezer.
Pan - used for to melt the coconut oil

MATERIALS

Coconut oil - a fatty oil or semisolid fat extracted from fresh coconuts and used especially in
making soaps and food products
Baking soda - sodium bicarbonate used in cooking, for cleaning, or in toothpaste.
Stevia - a substance used instead of sugar for making food sweeter, made from the leaves of a
plant, or the plant itself
Pepermint Oil - a natural oil typically obtained by distillation and having the characteristic
fragrance of the plant or other source from which it is extracted.

PROCEDURE

The first process is to melt the coconut oil on the stove or in the microwave. If melting on the
stove, place in a small bowl and heat with medium heat inside a pan of water. Add melted
coconut oil into your container which already contains the previously added baking soda. Add
the packets or 1-2 teaspoons of Stevia. Add essential oil for flavor. Finally, stir all the ingredients

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together with a small spoon. The paste will somewhat harden in the jar depending on room
temperature so a spoon or a Popsicle stick can be used to dig it out and spread on the toothbrush.

ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS

The ethical considerations serve as a guide for the researchers before, during, and after
conducting the research process. In conducting this study, the different ethical principles were
followed and achieved.

Honesty. In all the research studies, it is important to practice honesty, for it portrays the
idea of transparency and truthfulness. The researchers surely have shown honesty throughout the
process of conducting the research, which makes all the data and information within the research
reliable and factual.

Informed Consent. The researchers ensured that the people who participated in
conducting the study were fully informed about their role in the study. The participants were also
fully aware of the purpose of the study, the impact of their participation, and the people who
would have access to it.

Integrity. The researchers ensured that, before conducting the study, they first earned the
permission of the school, the subject teacher, and the person involved. In order to demonstrate
integrity, the researchers assured that the information stored within the research was true. The
researchers also assured that they showed respect to

their colleague and to the other people involved, performed their responsibility, and used the
trust given to them to successfully complete the study.

Openness. The researchers ensured that they would willingly share data, results, ideas,
tools, and resources with their co-researchers. The researchers' openness was demonstrated by
the researchers before, during, and after conducting the study by being open to criticism and new
ideas to give room for improvement and a better result.

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 Respect for Intellectual Property. The researchers ensured that the study was not
plagiarized by properly giving credit to the rightful owners of the information used in the study.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT

The different Likert scales below were used in this study to test the effectiveness of

peppermint used in this study during the experimentation process.

Characteristics of Very Good Good Average Poor Very Poor

Whitening
Toothpaste (5) (4) (3) (2) (1)

a. Odor
b. Taste
c. Cooling
Effect
d. whitening
Effect
e. Consistency
f. Texture
Table a. Effectiveness Scale

For the acceptability of the effectiveness of peppermint as an active ingredient in making

Organic Toothpaste, the scores from each area of the said evaluation presented above was graded

and computed through their overall composition. The following table below was used to show

the results of the over-all evaluation during the experiment.

Mean Range Interpretation

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 4.50-5.00 Very Acceptable
3.50-4.49 Acceptable
2.50-3.49 Moderately Acceptable
1.50-2.49 Slightly Acceptable
1.00-1.49 Not Acceptable
Table b. Mean Range and Interpretation

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