ARST - STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF STEEL CHAPTER FOUR: COMPRESSION MEMBERS For convenience, the equations for critical buckling load willbe written as + elfective length KL/r * slenderness ratio (maxinam value is 200) K= effective lenath factor COLUMN FORMULAS The AISC Specification gives the folbwing requirements for use in the design of compression members. The dllowable compressive stresses shall not exceed the following volves: On the gross section of axially lboded compression members, when Intermediate CohanARST - STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF STEEL CHAPTER FOUR: COMPRESSION MEMBERS On the gross section of axially loaded bracina and secondary members (K taken as unity), when bh the dbove formals Fo the allowable comprestive stress for pure compression member K = effective length factor 1 = unsupported length + last radius of gyration Cc NOWETF,) for ASG steel, Cc #261 F,= yield stress of steel = factor of safety *5/3 4 3/8 (WL/e/C.) -VO(KL/r/C. E> the modulus of elasticity Fa the alowoble compressive stress for pure compression secondary members DESIGN OF STEEL COLUMNS In practice, the desion of steel colinns is accomplished laraely by the use of safe load tables. f these design tables are not availabe, the desionis carried out by the trial method. Below is the outline of how to design a steel colunm using the trial method, | Determine the design compressive load based on the load combinations. 2. Assume that Fa O:40F and calculate the gross area of the section from the stress forsnula 3. From the toble of steel sections, select the fghtest shape of the desired section and ist downits properties mpor tont propertiesinchide the orea of the section ond the last radius of gyration for compression members. 4. Investigate the adequacy of the tentative section a, Compute the slendemess ratio of the tentative section. It should not exceed 200. b, Calculate the albwabl stress of the member and thea tual stress of the member. Vy the actuol fa < olowable Fo, the member's safe and thereforeit odequote VF the actual fa < olowable Fo, the member is too safe If the actual fa > allowable Fa, the member is not safe 5.Revised the designift is too safe or not safe. Witis too safe, select asmaller section. the tentative sectionis not safe, select abigger section. G. Repeat the processif necessary.ARST - STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF STEEL CHAPTER FOUR: COMPRESSION MEMBERS, SAMPLE PROBLEM 1: 01 AW14x TA of A992 steel has a kngth of G.0m ond pinned ends. Compute the allowable compressive strength for ASD. GIVEN, wtax74 PROPERTIES NEEDED: A992 STEEL A= 14 0G4 mm? R= G3 mm REQ'D ALLOWABLE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, Pa=? SOLUTION FORAM92 STEEL C= Vl2nF EVFY) C= Van? (200510? Pa/(345 x 10 Pad) Ce= 107 SLENDERNESS RATIO “KU (MG x 1000 romn/G@3 wn KU/r=952 << Cc= 107 THE MEMBER Ig AN INTERMEDIATE COLUMN USE ALLOWABLE Fa = (1-4/2((KL/rW/Cc ¥ JFy/2 13+ 318K r/c) - VB[KL/r/Cc)® 5/3 + 3/8(95.2/107) - V8(95.2/107) 1 ALLOWABLE Fo = (1- 1/2(95.2/107) 345 MPa/191 Fo=109MPa FROM Fa=Pa/ A,Pa=(Fa\(A) Pa = (109 MPa 14064 me?) Pa=153292GN SAY Pa = 1533 Kn ALLOWABLE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH‘ARST - STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF STEEL CHAPTER FOUR: COMPRESSION MEMBERS, SAMPLE PROBLEM 2 02.Does the column shown in the figure at the right have enough available strength to support the given service lbads under ASD? D=800kN yeas fer GIVEN W14x90 (A992 STEEL F,= 345. MPa PROPERTIES NEEDED: f= 448 pq A= 17 097 wm? R= 94 mn REQ’D IS W14 x 90 ADEQUATE =? [sowren | REQ COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH REQD Pa= Pp +P, (COMBINATION #2) SLENDERNESS RATIO KL/r = (0.80)(4 x 1000 mm/94 mm KU/r= 340 < Ce 107 +. THE MEMBER IS AN INTERMEDIATE COLUMN USE ALLOWABLE Fo = [11/2((KL/rWGc F JFy/ WHER’ 3+ B/B(KL/r/Cc) - VOLKL/r/ Ce 34 3/8(34/107) - VB(S4/107 =176 ALLOWABLE Fo *(1- 1/2(54/107)71345 MPo/178 Fo=14MPa ACTUAL T=Po/A = 3200 1°N/T7 097 rom? ACTUAL‘ = 187 MPa > ALLOWABLE Fa= 184 MPa FAILED W14 x 90S INADEQUATE