Sequence and Series-1

03
Sequence and
Series
In Mathematics, the word ‘sequence’ is used in the same way as it is in IN THIS CHAPTER ....
ordinary English. When we say that a collection of objects listed in a
Sequence
sequence, we usually mean that the collection is ordered in such a way that it
has an identified first member, second member, third member and so on. Series
Progression
Sequence
Arithmetic Progression (AP)
A set of numbers arranged in a definite order according to some definite rule
is called a sequence. Insertion of Arithmetic Mean
(AM) between Two Numbers
Series Geometric Progression (GP)
If a1 , a2 , . . . , an is a sequence, then the expression a1 + a2 + . . . + an + . . . is Insertion of Geometric Mean
called the series. The series is said to be finite or infinite according as the (GM) between Two Numbers
given series is finite or infinite.
Relation among Arithmetic Mean,
e.g. (i) 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + K + 20 is a finite series. Geometric Mean
(ii) 1 + 3 + 5 + . . . is an infinite series. Arithmetico-Geometric
Progression
Progression
It is not necessary that the terms of a sequence always follow a certain To Find nth Term by Difference
pattern or they are described by some explicity formula for the nth term. Method
Those sequences whose terms follow certain patterns are called progression. Sum of n Terms of Special Series
OR Sn, Sn2 and Sn3
If the terms of a sequence are written under specific conditions, then the
sequence is called progression.
Sequence and Series 27
Sol. (c) Let the common difference of AP,

Arithmetic Progression (AP) a1, a2, a3 , ..., an is ‘d ’, the common difference of the AP,
A sequence is said to be an arithmetic progression, if the b1, b2, b3 , ..., bm is ‘d + 2 ’.
difference of a term and its previous term is always same. Q a40 = - 159 and a100 = - 399
i.e. an + 1 - an = Constant ( = d ), " n Î N Þ a1 + 39d = - 159 ...(i)
The constant difference, generally denoted by d, is called and a1 + 99d = - 399 ...(ii)
the common difference. From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
OR 60d = - 240 Þ d = - 4 and a1 = - 3
An arithmetic progression (AP) is a sequence whose Now, as b100 = a70
terms increase or decrease by a fixed number. This fixed Þ b1 + 99(d + 2) = a1 + 69d
number is called the common difference of the AP.
Þ b1 = - 198 - 30d - 3
In other words, if a1 , a2 , a3 , . . . , an are in AP, then Þ b1 = - 201 + 120 Þ b1 = - 81
a2 - a1 = a3 - a2 = . . . = an - an - 1 = d
If a is the first term and d is the common difference, then Example 3. If the sum of the series
AP can be written as a , a + d , a + 2 d , K , { a + ( n - 1) d } 3 1 4
20 + 19 + 19 + 18 + ... upto nth term is 488 and the nth
e.g. (i) 1, 3, 5, 7, … (ii) 2, 4, 6, … 5 5 5
term is negative, then (JEE Main 2020)
The nth term of an AP (a) nth term is - 4 (b) nth term is - 4
2
Let a be the first term d be the common difference and l 5
be the last term of an AP, then nth term is given by (c) n = 60 (d) n = 41
Tn = l = a + ( n - 1)d, where d = Tn - Tn - 1 Sol. (a) Given series is
The nth term from last is Tn = l - ( n - 1)d 3 1 4
20 + 19
+ 19 + 18 + … upto nth term = 488
5 5 5
The sum of n terms of an AP né æ 2öù é 1 nù
Suppose there are n terms of a sequence, whose first Þ ê(2 ´ 20) + (n - 1) ç - ÷ ú = 488 Þ nê20 + - ú = 488
2ë è 5øû ë 5 5û
term is a, common difference is d and last term is l, then
sum of n terms is given by Þ n[101 - n] = 488 ´ 5 = 2440
n n Þ n 2 - 101n + 2440 = 0
S n = [2a + ( n - 1)d ] = [a + l ]
2 2 Þ n 2 - 40n - 61n + 2440 = 0
Þ (n - 40)(n - 61) = 0 Þ n = 40 or 61
Example 1. If a1, a2, a3, ..., an are in AP and a1 + a4 + a7 + æ 2ö 1 22
... + a16 = 114 , then a1 + a6 + a11 + a16 is equal to Q T40 = 20 + 39 ç - ÷ = [100 - 78] = >0
è 5ø 5 5
(JEE Main 2019)
æ 2ö 1
(a) 64 (b) 76 (c) 98 (d) 38 and T61 = 20 + 60 ç - ÷ = [100 - 120 ] = - 4 < 0
è 5ø 5
Sol. (b) Given AP is a1, a2, a3 , ¼ , an Q nth term is negative, so value of ‘n’ is 61 and value of
Let the above AP has common difference ‘d’, then nth term is - 4.
a1 + a4 + a7 + ¼ + a16 Hence, option (a) is correct.
= a1 + ( a1 + 3d) + ( a1 + 6d) + ¼ + ( a1 + 15d) 30
= 6a1 + (3 + 6 + 9 + 12 + 15)d Example 4. Let a1, a2, ..... a30 be an AP, S = å ai and
i =1
= 6a1 + 45d = 114 (given) 15
Þ 2a1 + 15d = 38 …(i) T= å a( 2i - 1). If a5 = 27 and S - 2T = 75, then a10 is equal to
Now, a1 + a6 + a11 + a16 i =1
= a1 + ( a1 + 5d) + ( a1 + 10d) + ( a1 + 15d) (a) 42 (b) 57 (c) 52 (d) 47

= 4a1 + 30d = 2(2a1 + 15d) Sol. (c) We have, S = a1 + a2 + ¼ + a30 = 15 [2a1 + 29 d ] …(i)
= 2 ´ 38 = 76 [from Eq. (i)] [where d is the common difference]
é n ù
Example 2. The common difference of the AP êëQ S n = 2 [2a + (n - 1) d ]úû
b1, b 2, K, b m is 2 more than the common difference of AP
a1, a2 , ..., an. If a40 = - 159, a100 = - 399 and b100 = a70, then and T = a1 + a3 + ¼ + a29
b1 is equal to (JEE Main 2020) 15
= [2a1 + 14 ´ 2 d)] [Q common difference is 2d]
(a) 81 (b) -127 2
(c) -81 (d) 127 Þ 2T = 15 [2a1 + 28 d ] …(ii)
28 JEE Main Mathematics
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get Important Results Related to AP

S - 2T = 15 d = 75 [Q S - 2T = 75]
Þ d =5 (i) If a fixed constant C is added to (or subtracted from)
each term of a given AP, then the resulting sequence
Now, a10 = a5 + 5 d = 27 + 25 = 52
is also an AP with the same common difference as
Example 5. Let a1, a2, a3, ... be an AP, such that that of the given AP.
a1 + a2 + ... + ap (ii) If each term of an AP is multiplied by (or divided by)
p3 a6
= ; p ¹ q, then is equal to a non-zero fixed constant C, then the resulting
a1 + a2 + a3 + ... + aq q3 a21 (JEE Mains 2013) sequence is also an AP with common difference C
41 121 11 121 æ 1 ö
(a) (b) (c) (d) times ç or times÷ the previous.
11 1681 41 1861 è C ø
a1 + a 2 + K + a p p3 (iii) If a1 , a2 , a3 ,K and b1 , b2 , b3 ,K are two AP’s, then
Sol. (b) Given that, =
a1 + a 2 + K + a q q3 a1 ± b1 ,a2 ± b2 , a3 ± b3 ,Kis also an AP with common
difference d1 ± d2.
p
[ 2a1 + ( p - 1) d ] (iv) A sequence obtained by multiplying or division of
2 p3
Þ = 3 corresponding terms of two AP is not an AP.
q
[ 2a 2 + (q - 1) d ] q
2 (v) If in an AP, S p = q and S q = p, then S p + q = - ( p + q ).
where, d is a common difference of an AP. (vi) Three numbers in AP can be taken as a - d , a , a + d ,
2a 1 + ( p - 1) d p 2 five numbers in AP can be taken as
Þ =
2a 2 + (q - 1) d q 2 a - 2 d , a - d , a , a + d , a + 2 d, where the common
difference is d.
d
a1 + ( p - 1)
2 (vii) Four numbers in AP can be taken as
Þ 2 =p
d q2 a - 3d , a - d , a + d , a + 3 d , where common difference
a 2 + (q - 1) is 2 d.
2
On putting p = 11and q = 41, we get (viii) If an , an + 1 and an + 2 are three consecutive terms
d of an AP , then 2an + 1 = an + an + 2
a1 + (11 - 1) 2
2 = (11) (ix) In an AP, the sum of terms equidistant from the
d ( 41) 2 beginning and end is constant and equal to the
a 2 + ( 41 - 1)
2 sum of first and last term,
a1 + 5 d 121 a6 121 i.e. a1 + an = a2 + an - 1 = a3 + an - 2 = K
Þ = Þ =
a 2 + 20 d 1681 a 21 1681 (x) Any term of an AP (except the first) is equal to half
the sum of terms which are equidistant from it,
Example 6. In a potato race 20 potatoes are placed in a 1
i.e. an = ( an - k + an + k ), k < n
line at intervals of 4 m with the first potato 24 m from the 2
starting point. A contestant is required to being the potatoes 1
back to the starting place on at a time. How far would he run and for k = 1, an = ( an - 1 + an + 1 )
2
in bringing back all the potatoes?
(xi) Tn = S n - S n - 1 ( n ³ 2).
(a) 2485 m (b) 2480 m
(c) 2482 m (d) None of these
(xii) A sequence is an AP, if its nth term is of the form
An + B, i.e. a linear expression in n. In such a case
Sol. (b) According to the given condition, the sequence becomes, the common difference is A i.e. the coefficient of n.
24, 28, . . . , 20 th term, (xiii) If sum of n terms of any sequence is quadratic
Here, a = 24,d = 28 - 24 = 4,n = 20 expression in n (i.e. S n = an 2 + bn + c), then
n sequence is AP.
\ S n = [2a + (n - 1)d ]
2 (xiv) The common difference of an AP can be zero,
20 positive or negative.
= [2 ´ 24 + (20 - 1) 4]
2
Example 7. Five numbers are in A.P., whose sum is 25
= 10 ( 48 + 76) 1
and product is 2520. If one of these five numbers is - , then
= 10 ´ 124 2
= 1240 the greatest number amongst them is (JEE Main 2020)
The contestant is required to bring the potatoes back to the 21
(a) 7 (b) 16 (c) 27 (d)
starting place = 2S n = 2 ´ 1240 = 2480 m 2
Sol. (b) Let five numbers, which are in A.P. is Arithmetic Mean
a - 2d, a - d, a, a + d , a + 2d .
If we insert one arithmetic mean between two numbers
According to given information,
a+b
5a = 25 Þ a = 5 a and b, then Arithmetic mean =
2
and a( a2 - d 2)( a2 - 4d 2) = 2520 ● The sum of n arithmetic means between a and b is n
Þ 5(25 - d 2)(25 - 4d 2) = 2520 times of arithmetic mean of a and b

Þ (d 2 - 25)( 4d 2 - 25) = 504 æ a + bö
i.e. A1 + A2 + K + An = n ç ÷ = nA
è 2 ø
Þ 4d 4 - 125d 2 + 625 = 504
● The arithmetic mean of n positive numbers
Þ 4d 4 - 125d 2 + 121 = 0 a1 , a2 , a3 , K , an is
Þ 4d 4 - 4d 2 - 121d 2 + 121 = 0 a + a2 + a3 + K + an
AM = 1
Þ 4d 2(d 2 - 1) - 121(d 2 - 1) = 0 n
121
Þ d 2 = 1, Example 8. Suppose x and y are two real numbers such
4 that the rth mean between x and 2y is equal to rth maan
11 between 2x and y, when n arthmetic means are iserted
Þ d = ± 1, ±
2 n +1 y
between them in both the cases, - is equal to
If d = 1, then terms are 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and r x
if d = -1, then terms are 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, and (a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 4 (d) 3
11 1 21 Sol. (b) Let A1, A2, A3 , L , An are n arithmetic means between two
if d = , then terms are -6, - , 5, , 16.
2 2 2 numbers a and b, then a1, A1, A2, A3 , Ar , L , An , b are in AP.
11 Let d be the common difference, then
When a = 5 and d = ± , then one of these five numbers of
2 b = a + (n + 1) d [Q l = a + (n - 1) d ]
1
A.P. is - and the greatest number amongst them is 16. b-a
and d=
2 n +1
( b - a)
\ Ar = a + rd = a + r ×
Insertion of Arithmetic Mean n +1
a(n - r + 1) + rb
(AM) between Two Numbers Þ Ar = …(i)
n +1
Let A1 , A2 , . . . , An ; n arithmetic means are inserted Now, put a = x and b = 2y in Eq. (i), we get
between two numbers a and b such that a , A1 , A2 , . . . , An , x (n - r + 1) + 2ry
Ar = …(ii)
b form an AP. n +1
Here, total number of terms are ( n + 2) and common Again, put a = 2x and b = y in Eq. (i), we get
difference be d (say). 2x (n - r + 1) + ry
Ar = …(iii)
\ b = ( n + 2) th term = a + ( n + 2 - 1) d n +1
b- a From Eqs. (ii) and (iii),
Þ d= x (n - r + 1) + 2ry 2x (n - r + 1) + ry
n +1 =
n +1 n +1
æb - aö n a + b
\ A1 = a + d = a + ç ÷= Þ - x (n - r + 1) = - ry
è n + 1ø n +1 y n - r +1
Þ =
æ b - a ö ( n - 1) a + 2 b x r
and A2 = a + 2d = a + 2 ç ÷= y n +1
è n + 1ø n +1 Þ = -1
x r
æb - aö n +1 y
In general, Ar = a + r ç ÷ \ - =1
è n + 1ø r x
( n - r + 1) a + r b
= , " r = 1, 2 , ... , n Geometric Progression (GP)
n +1
(1 - 1 + 1)a + 1( b) A geometric progression (GP) is a sequence of numbers,
(i) If r = 1 and n = 1, then A1 = whose first term is non-zero and each of the term is
1+1 obtained by multiplying its just preceding term by a
a+b constant quantity. This constant quantity is called the
Þ A1 = = Mean common ratio of the GP.
2
In other words, if a1 , a2 , a3 , ... , an are in GP, then 5

= {(10 - 1) + (100 - 1) + (1000 - 1) + . . . to n terms}
a2 a3 an 9
= =K= =r (say)
a1 a2 an - 1 5
= {10 + 100 + 1000 + . . . + n terms - (1 + 1 + . . . + n terms)}
9
r is known as common ratio of GP.
5 ì10(10 n - 1) ü
If a is the first term and r is the common ratio, then GP = í - ný
9 î 10 - 1 þ
can be written as a , ar , ar 2 , K , ar n - 1. ( a ¹ 0)
5
e.g. 2, 4 , 8, 16, . . . = {10 n + 1 - 10 - 9n}
81
The nth term of a GP (General Term)
Example 10. If a , b, c are pth, qth and rth terms of a GP,
Let a be the first term, r be the common ratio and l be the
last term of a GP, then nth term is given by then (q - r) log a + (r - p) log b + ( p - q) log c is equal to
Tn (a) p + q + r (b) 1
Tn = l = ar n - 1, where r = (c) -pqr (d) 0
Tn - 1
l Sol. (d) Let A and R be the first term and common ratio of the
The nth term from last is, Tn ¢ =
rn - 1 given GP. Then, a = AR p - 1
Þ log a = log A + ( p - 1) log R …(i)
The sum of n terms of a GP Similarly, log b = log A + (q - 1) log R …(ii)
Suppose there are n terms of a sequence, whose first and log c = log A + (r - 1) log R …(iii)
term is a, common ratio is r and last term is l, then sum Now, (q - r) log a + (r - p) log b + ( p - q) log c
of n terms is given by
= (q - r) {log A + ( p - 1) log R }
ì a(r n - 1) + (r - p) {log A + (q - 1) log R }
ï , when r > 1
ï r - 1n
+ ( p - q) {log A + (r - 1) log R }
ï a(1 - r ) = log A [q - r + r - p + p - q ]
Sn = í , when r < 1
+ log R [ p(q - r) + q(r - p) + r( p - q)
ï 1-r
ï na when r = 1 - (q - r) - (r - p) - ( p - q)]
ï = log A × 0 + log R × 0 = 0
î
If, terms are infinite, then sum of GP is, Example 11. Let an be the nth term of a GP of positive
a 100 100 200
S¥ =
1-r
, when|r| < 1 terms. If å a 2n + 1 = 200 and å a2n = 100, then å an is equal
n=1 n=1 n=1
Note to (JEE Main 2020)

• If a, b, c , d … are in GP, they are also in continued proportion (a) 300 (b) 175 (c) 225 (d) 150
a b c 1
i.e. = = =K= (say) Sol. (d) It is given that an is the nth term of a GP of positive
b c d r
terms, such that
• If first term of a GP of n terms is a and last term is l. Then, the 100
S a2n + 1 = 200
product of all the terms of the GP is (al )n / 2 . n =1
• If a, b, c are in AP, as well as in GP, then a = b = c . Þ a3 + a5 + a7 + K + a201 = 200

Þ ar + ar 4 + ar 6 + K + ar 200 = 200
2
Example 9. The sum of the series
[where a is the first term of GP and r is the common ratio]
5 + 55 + 555 + . . . to n terms is
Þ ar 2(1 + r 2 + r 4 + K + r198) = 200
1 5
(a) (10 n + 1) (b) (10 n + 1 - 9n - 10) æ1 - r 200 ö
80 81 Þ ar 2ç ÷ = 200 …(i)
5 5 è 1 - r2 ø
(c) (10 n - 1 - 8n - 1) (d) (10 n + 1 + 9n + 10) 100
81 81 and S a2n = 100 (given)
n =1
Sol. (b) 5 + 55 + 555 + . . . to n terms
Þ a2 + a4 + a6 + K + a200 = 100
= 5 {1 + 11 + 111 + . . . to n terms}
5 Þ ar + ar3 + ar5 + K + ar199 = 100
= {9 + 99 + 999 + . . . to n terms}
9 æ1 - r 200 ö
[multiply numerator and denominator by 9] Þ ar ç ÷ = 100 …(ii)
è 1 - r2 ø
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get = [ x2 + x3 + x4 + ... ] - [y 2 + y3 + y 4 + .... ]

150 x2 y2
r = 2 and a = = - as| x| < 1and|y| < 1
2 200 - 1 1- x 1-y
200 a(r 200 - 1) x2(1 - y) - y 2(1 - x) ( x2 - y 2) - ( x2y - y 2x)
\ S an = Þ ( x - y) S = =
n =1 r -1 (1 - x)(1 - y) (1 - x)(1 - y)
150 (2 200 - 1) ( x - y) [( x + y) - xy ]
= ´ Þ ( x - y) S =
200
2 -1 2 -1 (1 - x) (1 - y)
= 150 x + y - xy
Þ S=
Hence, option (d) is correct. (1 - x) (1 - y)
Example 12. Let S be the sum of the first 9 terms of the Important Results Related to GP
2 3
series {x + ka} + {x + (k + 2) a} + {x + (k + 4) a} (i) If each term of a GP is multiplied (or divided) by a
4 non-zero constant C ( ¹ 0), then the resulting
+ {x + (k + 6) a} + ... where a ¹ 0 and x ¹1.
sequence is also a GP with same common ratio.
10
x - x + 45 a ( x - 1) (ii) If a , ar , ar 2, … and a ¢ , a ¢ r ¢ , a ¢ r ¢ 2, … are two GP’s,
If S = , then k is equal to
x -1 (JEE Main 2020) then the sequences aa¢, aa ¢ (rr ¢ ), aa ¢ (rr ¢ )2, … and
2
(a) -5 (b) 1 (c) - 3 (d) 3 a a ær ö a ær ö
, ç ÷, ç ÷ , … obtained by the products
Sol. (c) It is given that a¢ a ¢ è r ¢ ø a ¢ è r ¢ ø
S = {x + ka} + {x2 + (k + 2) a} and quotients of the corresponding terms of the
given GP’s are also GP’s with common ratios rr ¢ and
+ {x3 + (k + 4) a} + {x4 + (k + 6) a} + .....+ upto 9 terms r
respectively.
Þ S = {x + x2 + x3 + x4 + K+ x9} r¢
+ a{k + (k + 2) + (k + 4) } + .....+ (k + 16)} (iii) The reciprocals of the terms of a GP also form a GP.
x ( x9 - 1) æ9ö (iv) If a1 , a2 , a3 , … is a GP of positive terms (i.e., ai > 0,
= + aç ÷ {2k + (9 - 1)2}
x -1 è2ø " i ), then log a1 , log a2 , log a3 , K is an AP and the
converse is also true in this case.
x10 - x
= + 9a (k + 8) (v) The odd number of terms in a GP should be taken
x -1
x10 - x + 9a (k + 8) ( x - 1)
as …
= a a a
x -1 ar3 , ar 2, ar, a , , 2 , 3 , K where common ratio is
r r r
x10 - x + 45a ( x - 1)
= [given] r while the even number of terms in a GP should be
x -1
taken as …
So, on comparing, we get a a a
k + 8 = 5 Þk = -3 ar5 , ar3 , ar, , 3 , 5 , … where common ratio is r 2.
r r r
Hence, option (c) is correct.
(vi) If a1 , a2 , a3 , ... , an are in GP, then a1k , a2k , a3k , ... , ank
Example 13. If| x | < 1,|y | < 1and x ¹ y, then the sum to will also be in GP whose common ratio is r k.
infinity of the following series
(vii) If a1 , a2, a3 , ... , an are in AP, then a a1 , a a2 ,
( x + y) + ( x 2 + xy + y 2) + ( x3 + x 2y + xy 2 + y3)+ … is
a a3 , ... , a an will be in GP whose common ratio is a d .
(JEE Main 2020)
x + y + xy x + y - xy (viii) If a1 , a2 , a3 ,K and b1 , b 2 , b3 ,K are in GP, then the
(a) (b)
(1 + x) (1 + y) (1 - x) (1 - y) sequence(s) a1 ± b1 , a 2 ± b 2 , a 3 ± b3 ,…., will not be a
x + y + xy x + y - xy GP.
(c) (d)
(1 - x) (1 - y) (1 + x) (1 + y) (ix) In a GP, the product of two terms equidistant from
the beginning and end is a constant and is equal to
Sol. (b) Given series of infinite terms, if| x| < 1,|y| < 1and x ¹ y is
the product of first term and last term, i.e. if
S = ( x + y) + ( x2+ xy + y 2) + ( x3 + x2y + xy 2 + y3) +…
a 1 , a 2 , a 3 , K , an - 2, an - 1 , an are in GP, then
On multiplying ( x - y) both sides, we get a1an = a2an - 1 = a3 an - 2 = K
Þ ( x - y) S = ( x2 - y 2) + ( x3 - y3) + ( x4 - y 4) + ....
1/ ( n + 1)
Example 14. Three numbers form an increasing GP. If the æ bö
Þ r=ç ÷
middle number is doubled, then the new numbers are in AP. èaø
The common ratio of the GP is (JEE Main 2014) 1/ ( n + 1)
æ bö
(a) 2 - 3 (b) 2 + 3 (c) 3 - 2 (d) 3 + 2 \ G1 = ar = a ç ÷
èaø
a
Sol. (b) Let the three numbers in GP be , a , ar. 2/ ( n + 1)
r æ bö
G2 = ar 2 = a ç ÷
Also, the numbers form an increasing GP. èaø
a k/ ( n + 1)
So, r > 1. Now, , 2a , ar in AP. æ bö
r In general, Gk = a ç ÷ , " k = 1, 2 , 3, ... , n
a
èaø
\ 4a = + ar 1/ (1 + 1) 1/ 2
r æ bö æ bö
If k = 1 and n = 1, then G1 = a ç ÷ =aç ÷ = ab
Þ r 2 - 4r + 1 = 0 Þ r = 2 + 3 [Q r ¹ 2 - 3 ] èaø èaø
Example 15. If ax3 + bx 2 + cx + d is divisible by ax 2 + c , Geometric Mean

then a , b, c , d are in
If we insert one geometric mean between two numbers a
(a) AP (b) GP and b, then
(c) HP (d) None of these
Geometric mean = ab.
Sol. (b) Since, ax3 + bx2 + cx + d is divisible by ax2 + c.
Therefore, when ax3 + bx2 + cx + d is divided by ax2 + c, the Important Points
remainder is zero. ● The product of n geometric means between a and b is
bc equal to the nth power of geometric mean of a and b
\ d- =0
a i. e. , G1 × G2×K × Gn = ( ab)n / 2 = G n
b d
Þ bc = ad Þ = 1
a c ● The product of n geometric means between a and is 1.
a
Þ a , b, c, d are in GP.
● The geometric mean of n positive numbers
Example 16. The sum of the first three terms of a GP is a1 , a2 , a3 , K , an is GM = ( a1 a2 a3 K an )1/ n .
S and their product is 27. Then all such S lie in (JEE Main 2020) ● If A and G be the AM and GM between two positive
(a) ( - ¥ , 9] (b) [ - 3, ¥) numbers, then the numbers are A ± A2 - G 2 .
(c) ( - ¥ , - 9] È [3, ¥) (d) ( - ¥ , - 3] È [9, ¥)
● If A and G are respectively AM and GM between two
a
Sol. (d) Let, the three terms of GP are , a, ar. positive numbers a and b, then the quadratic equation
r
a
having a , b as its roots is
As, it is given that´ a ´ ar = 27 Þ a = 3 x 2 - 2 Ax + G 2 = 0
r
a æ1 + r + r 2 ö
and S = + a + ar Þ S = 3 ç ÷ Example 17. If m is the AM of two distinct real numbers
r è r ø
l and n (l , n > 1) and G1, G2 and G3 are three geometric means
Þ 3r 2 + (3 - S) r + 3 = 0 [Q r ¹ 0 ] between l and n, then G14 + 2G24 + G34 equals (JEE Main 2015)
Q r ÎR
\ D ³ 0 Þ (3 - S) 2 - 4 (3) (3) ³ 0 (a) 4 l 2mn (b) 4 lm2n (c) 4 lmn 2 (d) 4 l 2m2n 2
Þ (3 - S - 6) (3 - S + 6) ³ 0 Sol. (b) Given, m is the AM of l and n

Þ ( S + 3) ( S - 9) ³ 0 \ l + n = 2m …(i)
Þ S Î ( -¥ , - 3] È [9, ¥) and G1, G 2, G3 are geometric means between l and n
\ l, G1, G 2, G3 , n are in GP.
Let r be the common ratio of this GP.
Insertion of Geometric Mean (GM) \ G1 = lr Þ G 2 = lr 2
between Two Numbers 1
Let G1 , G2 , . . . , Gn ; n geometric means are inserted 3 4 ænö 4

Þ G3 = lr Þ n = lr Þ r=ç ÷
between two numbers a and b such that èlø
a , A1 , A2 , . . . , An , b form a GP. Now, G14 + 2G 24 + G34 = (lr) 4 + 2(lr 2) 4 + (lr3) 4
Here, total number of terms are ( n + 2) and let common = l 4 ´ r 4(1 + 2r 4 + r 8) = l 4 ´ r 4(r 4 + 1) 2
ratio is r. 2
n æn + lö
n + 2-1 = l4 ´ ç
2 2
÷ = ln ´ 4m = 4 lm n
\ b = ( n + 2)th term = ar l è l ø
Relation among Arithmetic Mean Example 19. The sum of the series
and Geometric Mean 1 + 2 × 2 + 3 × 2 2 + 4 × 23 + . . . + 100 × 299 is
Let a and b be two real positive and unequal numbers (a) 100 × 2100 + 1 (b) 99 × 2100 + 1
and A, G , H are arithmetic, geometric and harmonic (c) 99 × 2 99 - 1 (d) 100 × 2100 - 1
mean respectively between them.
a+b Sol. (b) Let S = 1 + 2 × 2 + 3 × 2 2 + 4 × 23 + . . . + 100 × 2 99 …(i)
Then, A= , G = ab
2 It is an arithmetico-geometric series.
a+b On multiplying Eq. (i) by 2 and then subtracting, we get
Now, A-G = - ab
2 S = 1 + 2 × 2 + 3 × 2 2 + 4 × 23 + . . . + 100 × 2 99
2
a + b - 2 ab æ a - b ö 2S = 1× 2 + 2 × 2 2 + 3 × 23 + . . . + 99 × 2 99 + 100 × 2100
= =ç ÷ >0
2 è 2 ø - S = 1 + 2 + 2 2 + 23 + . . . + 2 99 - 100 × 2100
\ A-G > 0 [Q a and b are positive] 1 (2100 - 1 )
Þ A>G …(i) Þ -S = - 100 × 2100
2 -1
Example 18. The minimum value of 2 sin x + 2 cos x is Þ - S = 2100 - 1 - 100 × 2100
(JEE Main 2020) Þ - S = - 1 - 99 × 2100
1 1
-1 + 1-
(a) 2 -1 + 2
(b) 21 - 2
(c) 2 2 (d) 2 2 Þ S = 99 × 2100 + 1
Sol. (d) As 2 sinx and 2 cosx are positive quantities for "x Î R.
To Find nth Term by Difference Method
So, according to AM-GM inequality, we have
If T1 , T2 , ... , Tn are terms of any series and their
2 sin x + 2 cos x
³ 2 sin x × 2 cos x Þ (2 sin x + 2 cos x) ³ 2 ´ 2(sin x+ cos x)/ 2 difference ( T2 - T1 ), ( T3 - T2 ),( T4 - T3 ) , …, ( Tn - Tn - 1 )
2
are either in AP or in GP, then Tn and S n of series may
æp ö
Now, sin x + cos x = 2 sinç + x÷ Î [– 2 , 2 ] be found by the method of differences.
è4 ø
\The minimum value of 2 + 2 cos x is minimum value of
sin x Let S n = T1 + T2 + T3 + . . . + Tn
1
1+ (sin x + cos x )
1
1+ (– 2) 1-
1 Again, S n = T1 + T2 + . . . + Tn - 1 + Tn
2 2 and it is equal to 2 2 =2 2.
S n - S n = T1 + ( T2 - T1 ) + ( T3 - T2 ) + . . . + ( Tn - Tn -1 ) - Tn
Arithmetico-Geometric Þ Tn = T1 + ( T2 - T1 ) + ( T3 - T2 ) + . . . + ( Tn - Tn - 1 )
Progression (AGP) Þ Tn = T1 + t1 + t2 + t3 + . . . + tn - 1
A sequence whose each term is obtained by multiplying where t1 , t2 , . . . are terms of the new series.
corresponding terms of AP and GP is called an
arithmetico-geometric progression. Example 20. The sum of the infinite series
If a , ( a + d ), ( a + 2d ), K , [a + ( n - 1) d ] is an AP and 4 9 16
1+ + + + K ¥ is
1, r , r 2 , K , r n - 1 is a GP, then on multiplying 3 32 33
(a) 4/2 (b) 9/2 (c) 4/9
corresponding terms of AP and GP, a progression
(d) 1
a , ( a + d ) r , ( a + 2d ) r 2 , K , [a + ( n - 1) d ] r n - 1 is formed
which is called an arithmetico-geometric progression. Sol. (b) This is clearly not an arithmetico-geometric series,
since 1, 4, 9, 16, … are not in AP. However, their successive
Method of Solving AGP Series differences ( 4 - 1), (9 - 4), (16 - 9) , … are in AP.
4 9 16
Let AGP series Let S¥ = 1 + + 2 + 3 + K ¥
3 3 3
a + ( a + d )r + ( a + 2d )r 2 + . . . + { a + ( n - 1)d }r n - 1
1 1 4 9
S¥ = + 2 + 3 + K ¥
Types of problem can be solved by using the direct 3 3 3 3
method given below. On subtraction, we get
(i) The sum of n terms of arithmetico-geometric is 2 3 5 7
S¥ = 1 + + 2 + 3 + K ¥
a dr(1 - r n - 1 ) [a + ( n - 1) d ] r n 3 3 3 3
Sn = + - ,r ¹1
1-r (1 - r )2 1-r 1 2 1 3 5
Þ × S¥ = + 2 + 3 + K ¥
(ii) The sum of infinite terms of arithmetico-geometric 3 3 3 3 3
progression, é 1ù
a dr êëmultiplying both sides by 3 úû
S¥ = + , |r| < 1
1 - r (1 - r )2
On subtracting the two series, we get Tn = (nth term of 3, 5, 7, . . .) ´ (nth term of1, 2, 3, . . .) 2
æ 4ö 2 2 2 = [3 + (n - 1)2][1 + (n - 1)1]2
ç ÷ × S¥ = 1 + + 2 + 3 + K ¥
è9ø 3 3 3 = (3 + 2n - 2)(n) 2 = (2n + 1)n 2 = 2n3 + n 2
2æ 1 1 ö 2 1
= 1 + ç1 + + 2 + K ¥ ÷ = 1 + ´ =2 Now, S = STn = 2Sn3 + Sn 2
3è 3 3 ø 3 æ 1ö
ç1 - ÷ é ì n(n + 1) ü ù
2
è 3ø
2 êQ Sn3 = í ý ú
æ 9ö 9 é n(n + 1) ù n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
ê î 2 þ ú
\ S ¥ = ç2 ´ ÷ = =2 ê +
è 4ø 2 ë 2 úû 6 ê 2 n(n + 1)(2n + 1) ú
ê Sn = ú
ë 6 û
Sum of n terms of Special Series n(n + 1) é n(n + 1) 2n + 1ù
= êë2 ´ +
2 2 3 úû
Sn, Sn 2 and Sn 3 n(n + 1) é 3n(n + 1) + 2n + 1ù
= êë úû
Generally, find the sum of n terms of any series, we use 2 3
S before the nth term of the series. n(n + 1)
= ´ (3n 2 + 3n + 2n + 1)
Sum of some special series is given below. 6
(i) Sum of n natural numbers n(n + 1)(3n 2 + 5n + 1)
=
= 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 +K+ n 6
n( n + 1)
= Sn = Example 22. The sum of series
2
3 ´ 13 5 ´ (13 + 23) 7 ´ (13 + 23 + 33)
(ii) Sum of squares of n natural numbers 2
+ 2 2
+ + ....... + upto 10th
2 2 2 2 2 1 1 +2 12 + 2 2 + 32
= 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 +K+ n
term, is (JEE Main 2019)
n( n + 1) ( 2n + 1)
= Sn 2 = (a) 680 (b) 600 (c) 660 (d) 620
6
(iii) Sum of cubes of n natural numbers Sol. (c) Given series is
3 3
= 1 + 2 + 3 +K+ n3 3 3 ´ 13 5 ´ (13 + 23) 7 ´ (13 + 23 + 33)
+ + + ...
2
12 12 + 2 2 12 + 2 2 + 33
n 2( n + 1)2 é n ( n + 1) ù
= Sn3 = =ê ú = ( Sn )2 So, nth term
4 ë 2 û (3 + (n - 1)2)(13 + 23 + 33 ... + n3)
Tn =
Note 12 + 2 2 + 3 2 + K + n 2
1 1 1 1 n 2
• + + +K+ = æ n (n + 1) ö
1× 2 2 × 3 3 × 4 n(n + 1) n + 1 (2n + 1) ´ ç ÷
è 2 ø
1 1 1 1 1 =
• + +K+ = - n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
1× 2 × 3 2 × 3 × 4 n(n + 1) (n + 2 ) 4 2(n + 1) (n + 2 ) 6
n(n + 1) (n + 2 ) é n
é n(n + 1) ù
2 n
2 n(n + 1)(2n + 1) ù
• 1× 2 + 2 × 3 + K + n(n + 1) = 3
3 êQ r S= 1 r = ê 2 ú andr S= 1 r = ú
ë ë û 6 û
• 1× 2 × 3 × 4 + 2 × 3 × 4 × 5 + K + n(n + 1) (n + 2 ) (n + 3)
3n(n + 1) 3 2
1 So, Tn = = (n + n)
= n(n + 1) (n + 2 ) (n + 3) (n + 4) 2 2
5
Now, sum of the given series upto n terms
Example 21. The sum of the series 3
S n = STn = [ Sn 2 + Sn]
2
3 ´ 12 + 5 ´ 2 2 + 7 ´ 32 + . . . is
3 é n(n + 1)(2n + 1) n(n + 1) ù
= ê +
n(n + 1)(n 2 - 5n - 1) n(n + 1)(3n 2 + 5n + 1) 2ë 6 2 úû
(a) (b)
6 6 3 é10 ´ 11 ´ 21 10 ´ 11ù
\ S10 = ê +
(c)
n(n - 1)(3n 2 - 5n - 1)
(d) None of these 2ë 6 2 úû
6 3 3
= [(5 ´ 11 ´ 7) + (5 ´ 11)] = ´ 55 ( 7 + 1)
Sol. (b) Let given series is S = 3 ´ 12 + 5 ´ 2 2 + 7 ´ 3 2 + . . . 2 2
3
First, we will split the given series into two parts which are = ´ 55 ´ 8 = 3 ´ 55 ´ 4
2
3, 5, 7, … and12, 2 2, 3 2, . . . and find the nth term of each part
= 12 ´ 55 = 660
separately to find the nth term of the given series.
Practice Exercise
ROUND I Topically Divided Problems
General Term of AP 8. A carpenter was hired to build 192 window frames.

1. { an } and { bn } be two sequences given by The first day he made five frames and each day,
1 1 1 1 thereafter he made two more frames than he made
an = ( x) 2
n n
+ ( y) 2 and bn = ( x) 2
n n
- ( y) 2 for all the day before. How many days did it take him to
finish the job?
n Î N , then a1 a2 a3. . . an is equal to
(a) 11 (b) 10 (c) 12 (d) 14
x+ y x- y xy
(a) x - y (b) (c) (d)
bn bn bn 9. In a cricket tournament 16 school terms
participated. A sum of ` 8000 is to be awarded
2. If the roots of the equation
x 3 - 12 x 2 + 39 x - 28 = 0 are in AP, then their among themselves as prize money. If the last
common difference will be placed team is awarded ` 275 in prize money and
(a) ± 1 (b) ± 2 (c) ± 3 (d) ± 4 the award increases by the same amount for
successive finishing places, amount will the first
3. The interior angles of a polygon are in AP. If the
place team received is
smallest angle be 120° and the common difference
(a) ` 720 (b) ` 725 (c) ` 735 (d) ` 780
be 5, then the number of side is
(a) 8 (b) 10 (c) 9 (d) 6 10. If q1, q 2 , q 3, . . . , q n are in AP, whose common
1 1 1 difference is d, then sin d (sec q 1 sec q 2 + sec q 2 sec q 3
4. If , , be consecutive terms of an AP,
+ . . . + sec q n -1 sec q n ) is equal to
b- c c- a a- b
then ( b - c) 2 , ( c - a) 2 , ( a - b) 2 will be in (a) tan qn - tan q2 (b) tan qn + tan q1
(a) GP (b) AP (c) tan qn - tan q1 (d) None of these
(c) HP (d) None of these 11. If a1, a2 , a3 , . . . , a4001 are terms of an AP such that
5. A man arranges to pay off a debt of ` 3600 by 1 1 1
+ + ... + = 10 and
40 annual instalments which are in AP. When a1a2 a2 a3 a4000 a4001
30 of the instalments are paid, he dies leaving one-third a2 + a4000 = 50, then|a1 - a4001| is equal to
of the debt unpaid. The value of the 8th instalment is (a) 20 (b) 30
(a) ` 35 (b) ` 50 (c) 40 (d) None of these
(c) ` 65 (d) None of these 12. If a1, a2 , . . . , an are in AP with common difference d,
6. Given that n AM’s are inserted between two sets of then the sum of the series
numbers a , 2 b and 2 a , b where a , b Î R. Suppose sin d ( cosec a1 cosec a2 + cosec a2 cosec a3 + . . . +
further that mth mean between these sets of cosec an -1 cosec an ) is
numbers is same, then the ratio a : b is equal to (a) sec a1 - sec a n (b) cot a1 - cot a n
(a) (n - m + 1): m (b) (n - m + 1): n (c) tan a1 - tan a n (d) cosec a1 - cosec a n
(c) n : (n - m + 1) (d) m : (n - m + 1)
13. Let S1, S2 , . . . be squares such that for each n ³ 1,
7. A man saved ` 66000 in 20 yr. In each succeeding the length of a side of Sn equals the length of a
year after the first year he saved ` 200 more than diagonal of Sn + 1. If the length of a side of S1 is 10
what he saved in the previous year. How much did cm, then for which of the following values of n, the
he save in the first year? area of Sn less than 1 sq cm ?
(a) ` 1450 (b) ` 1400 (a) 7 (b) 6
(c) ` 1470 (d) ` 1480 (c) 9 (d) None of these
14. If a, b, c are in AP, then 10 a x + 10 , 10 b x + 10 , 10 c x + 10 23. If the sum and product of the first three terms in
( x ¹ 0) are in an AP are 33 and 1155, respectively, then a value
(a) AP (b) GP only when x > 0 of its 11th term is (JEE Main 2019)
(c) GP for all x (d) GP only when x < 0 (a) 25 (b) –36 (c) –25 (d) –35
15. If 19th term of a non-zero AP is zero, then its
(49th term) : (29th term) is (JEE Main 2019) 24. If log 2 , log( 2 n - 1) and log ( 2 n + 3) are in AP, then n
(a) 1 : 3 (b) 4 : 1 (c) 2 : 1 (d) 3 : 1 is equal to
2 2 2
16. If a , b , c are in AP, then which of the following is 5 3
(a) (b) log 2 5 (c) log3 5 (d)
2 2
also in AP ?
(a) sin A ,sin B,sin C (b) tan A , tan B, tan C 25. Given sum of the first n terms of an AP is 2 n + 3 n2 .
(c) cot A , cot B, cot C (d) None of these Another AP is formed with the same first term and
double of the common difference, the sum of n
17. Between 1 and 31 are inserted m arithmetic means
terms of the new AP is
so that the ratio of the 7th and ( m - 1)th means is
(a) n + 4n 2 (b) 6 n 2 - n
5:9, then the value of m is
(c) n 2 + 4n (d) 3 n + 2n 2
(a) 13 (b) 14 (c) 11 (d) 12
26. If the ratio of the sum of n terms of two AP’s be
Sum of n Terms in AP (7 n + 1) : ( 4 n + 27), then the ratio of their 11th
18. If a1, a2 , a3, . . . , a2 n are in AP, then the value of terms will be
a12 - a22 + a32 - a42 + K + a22 n - 1 - a22 n is equal to (a) 2 : 3 (b) 3 : 4 (c) 4 : 3 (d) 5 : 6
n n 27. If the 2nd, 5th and 9th terms of a non-constant AP
(a) (a12 - a 22n ) (b) (a12 - a 22n )
2n - 1 2n + 1 are in GP, then the common ratio of this GP is
n (JEE Main 2016)
(c) (a12 + a 22n ) (d) None of these 8 4 7
2n - 1 (a) (b) (c) 1 (d)
5 3 4
19. If the sum of first 11 terms of an AP., a1, a2 , a3, . . .
28. If the first term of an AP is a and the sum of the
is 0 ( a1 ¹ 0), then the sum of the AP.,
first p terms is zero, then the sum of its next
a1, a3, a5 , . . . , a23 is ka1, where k is equal toMain 2020)
(JEE
q terms is
121 121 72 72 a ( p + q)q - a ( p + q)q
(a) - (b) (c) (d) - (a) (b)
10 10 5 5 p-1 p-1
20. If the first term of an AP is 3 and the sum of its a ( p - q)q
(c) (d) None of these
first 25 terms is equal to the sum of its next 15 p-1
terms, then the common difference of this AP is
(JEE Main 2020)
29. The sum of all two digit positive numbers which
1 1 1 1 when divided by 7 yield 2 or 5 as remainder is
(a) (b) (c) (d) (JEE Main 2019)
6 5 4 7
(a) 1256 (b) 1465 (c) 1356 (d) 1365
21. Let a1, a2 , ¼ , an be a given AP. Whose common
30. If a1, a2 , a3, . . . , a24 are in arithmetic progression
difference is an integer and Sn = a1 + a2 + ¼ + an .
and a1 + a5 + a10 + a15 + a20 + a24 = 225, then
If a1 = 1, an = 300 and 15 £ n £ 50, then the ordered
a1 + a2 + a3 + . . . + a23 + a24 is equal to
pair ( Sn - 4 , an - 4 ) is equal to (JEE Main 2020)
(a) 909 (b) 75 (c) 750 (d) 900
(a) (2490, 249) (b) (2480, 249)
(c) (2480, 248) (d) (2490, 248)
31. If a1, a2 , a3, . . . , an are in AP, where ai > 0 for all i,
1 then value of
22. If the 10th term of an AP is and its 20th term is 1 1 1
20 + + ... + is equal to
1 a1 + a2 a2 + a3 an - 1 + an
, then the sum of its first 200 terms is
10 n -1 n+1
(JEE Main 2020)
(a) (b)
(a) 50
1
(b) 100 a1 + a n a1 + a n
4 n -1 n+1
1 (c) (d)
(c) 50 (d) 100 a1 - a n a1 - a n
2
32. Let the sequence, a1, a2 , a3, . . , a2 n , form an AP, then 40. Let a, b, c, d and p be any non-zero distinct real
a12 - a22 + a32 - ... + a22 n - 1 - a22 n is equal to numbers such that ( a 2 + b2 + c2 ) p 2 - 2
n 2n ( ab + bc + cd) p + (b2 + c2 + d 2 ) = 0. Then,
(a) (a12 - a 22n) (b) (a 22n - a 12) (JEE Main 2020)
2n - 1 n -1
n (a) a , c, p are in AP (b) a , c, p are in GP
(c) (a 12 + a 22n) (d) None of these
n+1 (c) a , b, c, d are in GP (d) a , b, c, d are in AP
33. Let S1 be the sum of first 2 n terms of an arithmetic 41. If x, 2 y and 3z are in AP, where the distinct
progression. Let S2 be the sum of first 4 n terms of numbers x, y, z are in GP, then the common ratio of
the same arithmetic progression. If ( S2 - S1) is the GP is
1000, then the sum of the first 6 n terms of the 1 1
(a) 3 (b) (c) 2 (d)
arithmetic progression is equal to (JEE Main 2021) 3 2
(a) 1000 (b) 7000 42. The length of three unequal edges of a rectangular
(c) 5000 (d) 3000 solid block are in GP. The volume of the block is
34. Consider the following statements 216 cm 3 and the total surface area is 252 cm 2 .
I. If an denotes the nth term of an AP, then The length of the longest edge is
an + k + an - k (a) 12 cm (b) 6 cm (c) 18 cm (d) 3 cm
an = a a
2 43. Let a1, a2 , . . . . , a10 be a GP. If 3 = 25, then 9
a1 a5
II. In an AP, if the sum of m terms is equal to the
sum of n terms, then the sum of ( m + n) terms equals
(JEE Main 2019)
is always zero.
(a) 53 (b) 2(52) (c) 4(52) (d) 54
Which of the statement is given above is/are
correct?
44. If A is the arithmetic mean and G1, G2 be two
(a) Only I (b) Only II
geometric means between any two numbers, then
(c) Both I and II (d) None of these G12 G22
+ is equal to
G2 G1
35. The sum of integers from 1 to 100 that are divisible
(a) 2 A (b) A
by 2 or 5 is
(a) 3000 (b) 3050 (c) 3 A (d) None of these
(c) 4050 (d) None of these 45. If the pth and qth terms of a GP are q and p,
36. The sum of the integers from 1 to 100 which are not respectively, then ( p - q)th term is
1 1
divisible by 3 or 5 is
æ qp ö p - q æ qq ö p - q
(a) 2489 (b) 4735 (c) 2317 (d) 2632 (a) ç q ÷ (b) ç p ÷
èp ø èp ø
General Term of GP 1
æ pq ö p - q
37. If a , b, c are in GP and log a - log 2 b, log 2 b - log 3c (c) ç p ÷ (d) None of these
èq ø
and log 3c - log a are in AP, then a , b, c are the
length of the sides of a triangle which is 46. If a , b, c, d and p are different real numbers such
(a) acute angled (b) obtuse angled
that ( a 2 + b2 + c2 ) p 2 - 2 ( ab + bc + cd) p
(c) right angled (d) equilateral
+ ( b2 + c2 + d 2 ) £ 0, then a , b, c, d are in
38. If a and b are roots of the equation x 2 - 3x + a = 0
and g and d are roots of the equation (a) AP (b) GP
x 2 - 12 x + b = 0 and a, b, g, d form an increasing (c) HP (d) ab = cd
GP, then the values of a and b are respectively 47. If the roots of the cubic equation ax 2 + dx 2 + cx + d
(a) 2, 16 (b) 4, 8 are in GP, then
(c) 2, 32 (d) None of these (a) c3 a = b3 d (b) ca3 = bd3
3 3
39. If a be the AM between b and c and GM’s are G1 (c) a b = c d (d) ab3 = cd3
and G2 , then G13 + G23 is equal to 48. If x, y, z are in GP and a x = b y = cz , then
(a) abc (b) 2abc
(a) log a c = logb a (b) logb a = log c b
(c) 3abc (d) 4abc
(c) log c b = log a c (d) None of these
49. In an increasing, geometric series, the sum of the 57. Let a 1, b1 are the roots of x 2 - 6 x + p = 0 and a 2 , b 2
second and the sixth term is
25
and the product of are the roots of x 2 - 54 x + q = 0. If a 1, b1, a 2 , b 2
2 form an increasing GP. Then, the value of ( q - p) is
the third and fifth term is 25. Then, the sum of 4th, (a) 500 (b) 520 (c) 540 (d) 560
6th and 8th terms is equal to (JEE Main 2021)
58. In a GP the sum of three numbers is 14, if 1 is
(a) 35 (b) 30 (c) 26 (d) 32 added to first two numbers and subtracted from
50. If a , b, c be in GP, then log a n , log bn , log cn will be third number the series becomes AP, then the
greatest number is
(a) AP (b) GP
(a) 8 (b) 4 (c) 24 (d) 16
(c) HP (d) None of these
59. Suppose a , b, c are in AP and a 2 , b2 , c2 are in GP. If
51. Let an be nth term of the GP of positive numbers. 3
100 100 a < b < c and a + b + c = , then the value of a is
2
Let å a2 n = a and å a2 n - 1 = b, such that a ¹ b ,
1 1 1 1 1 1
n =1 n =1 (a) (b) (c) - (d) -
2 2 2 3 2 3 2 2
then the common ratio is
a b a b 60. In a GP, first term is 1. If 4T2 + 5T3 is minimum,
(a) (b) (c) (d)
b a b a then its common ratio is
2 2 3 3
52. The product of three consecutive terms of a GP is (a) (b) - (c) (d) -
5 5 5 5
512. If 4 is added to each of the first and the second
of these terms, the three terms now form an AP. 61. Three numbers form a GP. If the 3rd term is
Then, the sum of the original three terms of the decreased by 64, then the three numbers thus
given GP is (JEE Main 2019) obtained will constitute an AP. If the second term
(a) 36 (b) 28 (c) 32 (d) 24 of this AP is decreased by 8, a GP will be formed
again, then the numbers will be
53. If three distinct numbers a, b and c are in GP and (a) 4, 20, 36 (b) 4, 12, 36
the equations ax 2 + 2 bx + c = 0 and (c) 4, 20, 100 (d) None of these
dx 2 + 2 ex + f = 0 have a common root, then which
one of the following statements is correct?
(JEE Main 2019)
62. If AM of two numbers is twice of their GM, then the
d e f ratio of greatest number to smallest number is
(a) d , e and f are in GP (b) , and are in AP (a) 7 - 4 3 (b) 7 + 4 3
a b c
d e f (c) 21 (d) 5
(c) d , e and f are in AP (d) , and are in GP
a b c 63. Let a, b and c be the 7th, 11th and 13th terms
54. Let a, b and c be in GP with common ratio r, where respectively of a non-constant AP. If these are
1 a
a ¹ 0 and 0 < r £ . If 3a, 7b and 15c are the first also the three consecutive terms of a GP, then
2 c
three terms of an AP, then the 4th term of this is equal to (JEE Main 2019)
AP is (JEE Main 2019) 7

(a) 2 (b)
2 7 13
(a) 5a (b) a (c) a (d) a
3 3 1
(c) 4 (d)
2
55. The value of common ratio for which three
successive terms of a GP are the sides of a triangle is 64. If x, y and z are in AP and tan - 1 x, tan - 1 y and
(a) r > 0 (b) r Î (0, 1) tan - 1 z are also in AP, then (JEE Main 2013)
æ 5 - 1 5 + 1ö
(c) r Î ç , ÷ (d) None of these (a) x = y = z (b) 2x = 3 y = 6z
è 2 2 ø (c) 6x = 3 y = 2z (d) 6x = 4 y = 3z
56. In the four numbers first three are in GP and last
Sum of n Terms in GP
three are in AP whose common difference is 6.
If the first and last numbers are same, then first 65. If a, b and c be three distinct real numbers in GP
number will be and a + b + c = xb, then x cannot be (JEE Main 2019)
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8 (a) 4 (b) 2 (c) -2 (d) -3
66. The sum of n terms of the series 75. The sum of

1.4 + 3.04 + 5.004 + 7.0004 +K is (x + 2)n - 1 + (x + 2)n - 2 (x + 1) + (x + 2)n - 3 (x + 1)2 +
4æ 1 ö 4æ 1 ö K + ( x + 1) n - 1 is equal to
(a) n 2 + ç1 + ÷ (b) n 2 + ç1 - n ÷
9è 10n ø 9è 10 ø (a) (x + 2) n-2
- (x + 1) n
(b) (x + 2)n - 1 - (x + 1)n - 1
4æ 1 ö (c) (x + 2)n - (x + 1)n (d) None of these
(c) n + ç1 - n ÷ (d) None of these
9è 10 ø 76. If S denotes the sum to infinite and Sn the sum of n
67. If the sum of the second, third and fourth terms of 1 1 1
terms of the series 1 + + + +L such that
a positive term GP is 3 and the sum of its sixth, 2 4 8
1
seventh and eighth terms is 243, then the sum of S - Sn < , then the least value of n is
the first 50 terms of this GP is (JEE Main 2020)
1000
1 49 1 50 (a) 8 (b) 9 (c) 10 (d) 11
(a) (3 - 1) (b) (3 - 1) ¥
26
2 50
26
1 50
77. If sum of the series å r n = S, for|r|< 1, then sum
(c) (3 - 1) (d) (3 - 1) n= 0
13 13 ¥
¥
68. If f ( x + y) = f ( x) f ( y) and å f ( x) = 2, x, y Î N , where
of the series å r 2n
is
n= 0
x =1
S2 2S S2
N is the set of all natural numbers, then the value (a) S 2 (b) (c) (d)
2S + 1 S2 - 1 2S -1
f ( 4)
of is (JEE Main 2020) 78. The sum of the infinite series
f ( 2)
2 7 12 17 22
2 1 1 4 1+ + + + + + K is equal to
(a) (b) (c) (d) 3 32 33 34 35
3 9 3 9
9 15 13 11
69. (666K6) 2 + (888K8) is equal to (a) (b) (c) (d)
4 4 4 4
n digits n digits
4 4 79. If 1 + cos a + cos2 a + . . . ¥ = 2 - 2 , then a , (0 < a < p)
(a) (10n - 1) (b) (10 2n - 1)
9 9 is
4 p p p 3p
(c) (10n - 1) 2 (d) None of these (a) (b) (c) (d)
9 8 6 4 4
70. If 1 + l + l2 + K + ln 80. An infinite GP has the first term ‘ x ’ and sum 5,
2 4 8 16
= (1 + l) (1 + l ) (1 + l ) (1 + l ) (1 + l ), then x belongs to
then the value of n is (where n Î N ) (a) x < -10 (b) -10 < x < 0
(a) 32 (b) 16 (c) 31 (d) 15 (c) 0 < x < 10 (d) x > 10
¥ ¥ ¥
71. If f ( x + y) = f ( x) × f ( y) for x, y Î N and f (1) = 2 , 81. If a = S x n , b = nS= 0 y n , c = nS= 0 ( xy) n , where
n=0
then the value of a for which
n |x|,|y|< 1 , then
S f ( a + k) = 16 ( 2 n - 1) is
k =1
(a) abc = a + b + c (b) ab + bc = ac + b
(c) ac + bc = ab + c (d) ab + ac = bc + a
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
72. The number 111...1 (91 times) is a/an Relation Among AM and GM
(a) even number (b) prime number 82. The minimum value of 4 x + 41 - x , x Î R is
(c) not prime (d) None of these (a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 1 (d) 0
n n
73. The value of the sum å å r s
Srs 2 3 , where 83. If one GM, g and two AM’s, p and q are inserted
r =1 s =1
between two numbers a and b, then
Srs = 0, if r ¹ s and Srs = 1, if r = s, is ( 2 p - q)( p - 2 q) is equal to
(5n - 1) 6 n 5n6n 5 n (a) g 2 (b) - g 2 (c) 2 g (d) 3 g 2
(a) (b) (6 - 1) (c) (d) (5 - 1)
4 5 n+1 4
84. If a, b and c are in AP and p, p ¢ are the AM and GM
74. Let n ( > 1) be a positive integer, then the largest respectively between a and b, while q, q¢ are the AM
integer m such that ( nm + 1) divides and GM respectively between b and c, then
(1 + n + n2 + . . . + n127 ), is (a) p 2 + q 2 = p 2 + q ¢2 (b) pq = p¢ q¢
(a) 32 (b) 63 (c) 64 (d) 127 2 2
(c) p - q = p ¢ - q ¢ 2 2
(d) None of these
85. The product of n positive numbers is unity. n (n + 1)(n + 2) n (n + 1)

(a) (b)
6 2
Their sum is
1 n 2 + 3n + 2
(a) a positive integer (b) equal to n + (c) (d) None of these
n 2
(c) divisible by n (d) never less than n 96. The sum of the series
86. If 2 p + 3q + 4 r = 15, then the maximum value of 1 2 3
2 4
+ 2 4
+ + … to n terms is
1+1 +1 1+2 +2 1 + 32 + 34
p 3q5 r7 is
54 × 35 55 × 77 n (n 2+ 1) n (n + 1)
(a) 2180 (b) (c) (d) 2285 (a) (b)
215 217 × 9 n2+ n+1 2 (n 2+ n + 1)
n (n 2- 1)
87. If a + 2 b + 3c = 12 , ( a , b, c Î R + ), then ab2 c3 is (c) (d) None of these
3 6 2 (n 2+ n + 1)
(a) ³ 2 (b) ³ 2
(c) £ 26 (d) None of these 97. Some identical balls are arranged in rows to form
an equilateral triangle. The first row consists of one
Arithmetico-Geometric Progression ball, the second row consists of two balls and so on.
4 7 10 If 99 more identical balls are added to the total
88. nth term of the series 1 + + + + … will be
5 52 53 number of balls used in forming the equilateral
3n + 1 3n - 1 3n - 2 3n + 2 triangle, then all these balls can be arranged in a
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5n -1 5n 5n -1 5n -1 square whose each side contains exactly 2 balls less
89. The sum of the series 1 + 2 ´ 3 + 3 ´ 5 + 4 ´ 7 +. . . than number of balls each side of the triangle
contains. Then, the number of balls used to form
upto 11th term is [JEE Main 2019, 9 April Shift-II]
the equilateral triangle is (JEE Main 2019)
(a) 915 (b) 946 (c) 916 (d) 945
(a) 262 (b) 190
90. The sum of n terms of the infinite series (c) 225 (d) 157
1 × 32 + 2 × 5 2 + 3 × 7 2 + . . . ¥ is 98. The sum of the series 1 × 3 × 5 + 2 × 5 × 8 + 3 × 7 × 11 + . . .
n n
(a) (n + 1) (6n 2 + 14n + 7) (b) (n + 1) (2n + 1) (3n + 1) upto n terms is
6 6
n (n + 1) (9n 2+ 23n + 13) n (n - 1) (9n 2 + 23n + 12)
(c) 4n 3 + 4n 2+ n (d) None of these (a) (b)
6 6
3 5 7
91. 1 + + + . . . ¥ is equal to (n + 1) (9n 2 + 23n + 13) n (9n 2 + 23n + 13)
2 2 2 23 (c) (d)
6 6
(a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 9 (d) 12
99. The nth term of the series
92. If Tn denotes the nth term of the series 13 13 + 2 3 13 + 2 3 + 33
+ + + … will be
2 + 3 + 6 + 11 + 18 + . . . , then T50 is 1 1+3 1+3+5
(a) 49 2 - 1 (b) 49 2 n 2+ 2n + 1
(a) n 2+ 2n + 1 (b)
(c) 50 2 + 1 (d) 49 2 + 2 8
93. Sum of n terms of series 12 + 16 + 24 + 40 + . . . will be n 2+ 2n + 1 n 2- 2n + 1
(c) (d)
4 4
(a) 2 (2n - 1) + 8n (b) 2 (2n - 1) + 6n
(c) 3 (2 n- 1) + 8n (d) 4 (2n - 1) + 8n 100.For any odd integer n ³ 1,
n3 - ( n - 1) 3 + . . . + ( -1) n - 113 is equal to
Sum of n Terms of Special Series 1 1
(a) (n - 1)2 (2n - 1) (b) (n - 1)2 (2n - 1)
2 3 2 4
94. The sum of the series 1 + 3x + 6 x + 10 x + . . . ¥ will
1 1
be (c) (n + 1)2 (2n - 1) (d) (n + 1)2 (2n - 1)
1 1 1 1 2 4
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(1 - x) 2 1-x (1 + x) 2 (1 - x) 3 101.The nth term of the series
1 + 2 + 5 + 12 + 25 + K is
95. Let Sn denote the sum of the cubes of the first n
1
natural numbers and sn denote the sum of the (a) (n - 1 ) (n - 2) (b) n (n - 1 ) (n - 2) + n
3
n
Sr (c) n (d) None of these
first n natural numbers. Then, å sr
is equal to
r =1
Only One Correct Option 9. The sixth term of an AP is equal to 2. The value of
1. Number of identical terms in the sequence 2, 5, 8, the common difference of the AP which makes the
11, ... upto 100 terms and 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, ... upto 100 product T1 T4 T5 least, is given by
terms, are (a) 8/5 (b) 5/4
(a) 17 (b) 33 (c) 50 (d) 147 (c) 2/3 (d) None of these
-1 -1 -1
2. If positive numbers a , b , c are in AP, then the 10. After striking the floor, a certain ball rebounds
product of roots of the equation (4/5)th of height from which it has fallen. Then, the
total distance that it travels before coming to rest,
x 2 - kx + 2 b101 - a101 - c101 = 0, ( k Î R) is
if it is gently dropped from a height of 120 m is
(a) > 0 (b) < 0
(a) 1260 m (b) 600 m
(c) = 0 (d) None of these
(c) 1080 m (d) None of these
3. If a1, a2 , a3, . . . , a20 are AM’s between 13 and 67,
11. Concentric circles of radii 1, 2, 3, … , 100 cm are
then the maximum value of a1 a2 a3 . . . a20 is equal
drawn. The interior of the smallest circle is
to
coloured red and the angular regions are coloured
(a) (20) 20 (b) (40) 20 (c) (60) 20 (d) (80) 20
alternately green and red, so that no two adjacent
4. If the set of natural numbers is partitioned into regions are of the same colour. Then, the total area
subsets S1 = {1}, S2 = { 2 , 3), S3 = { 4, 5, 6 } and so on. of the green regions in sq cm is equal to
Then, the sum of the terms in S50 is (a) 1000p (b) 5050p
(a) 62525 (b) 25625 (c) 4950p (d) 5151p
(c) 62500 (d) None of these ¥ ¥
p
5. Jairam purchased a house in ` 15000 and paid
12. For 0 < q <
2
, if x = å cos2 n q , y = å sin 2 n q ,
n=0 n=0
` 5000 at once. Rest money he promised to pay in ¥
annual instalment of ` 1000 with 10% per annum

z= å cos2 n q sin 2 n q, then
n=0
interest. How much money is to be paid by Jairam?
(a) xyz = xz + y (b) xyz = xy + z
(a) ` 21555 (b) ` 20475
(c) xyz = x + y + z (d) xyz = yz + x
(c) ` 20500 (d) ` 20700
6. 150 workers were engaged to finish a piece of work 13. The sum of n terms of an AP is a n( n - 1). The sum
in a certain number of days. 4 workers dropped the of the squares of these terms is
second day, 4 more workers dropped the third day a2
(a) a 2n 2(n - 1) 2 (b) n (n - 1)(2n - 1)
and so on. It takes eight more days to finish the 6
work now. The number of days in which the work 2a 2 2a 2
(c) n (n - 1)(2n - 1) (d) n (n + 1)(2n + 1)
was completed is 3 3
(a) 15 (b) 20 (c) 25 (d) 30 8 16 128
14. Let S = + + . . . + 18 , then
5 65 2 +1
7. If the sum of the roots of the equation
1088 545
ax 2 + bx + c = 0 be equal to the sum of the (a) S = (b) S =
545 1088
reciprocals of their squares, then bc2 , ca 2 , ab2 will
1056 545
be in (c) S = (d) S =
545 1056
(a) AP (b) GP
(c) HP (d) None of these 15. The sum of the infinite terms of the series
5 9 13
8. If p, q, r are in AP and are positive, the roots of the 2 2
+ 2 2
+ 2 + … is
3 +7 7 + 11 11 + 15 2
quadratic equation px 2 + qx + r = 0 are all real for
1 1 1 1
r p (a) (b) (c) (d)
(a) -7 ³4 3 (b) -7 <4 3 18 36 54 72
p r
(c) All p and r (d) No p and r 16. Let x, y be positive real numbers and m, n positive
integers. The maximum value of the expression
xm yn 24. If 32 sin 2 a-1, 14 and 34 - 2 sin 2 a are the first three

is (JEE Main 2019)
(1 + x 2 m ) (1 + y 2 n ) terms of an AP for some a, then the sixth term of
1 1 m+ n this AP is (JEE Main 2020)
(a) (b) 1 (c) (d)
2 4 6mn (a) 81 (b) 65
1 2 2 3 3 4 (c) 78 (d) 66
× × ×
2 2
17. The sum of 3 + 3 2 2 + 2 2 + … upto n 25. If the sum of the first 20 terms of the series
1 1 + 2 3 13 + 2 3 + 33
log x + log x + log x + … is 460, then x
terms is equal to (7 1 / 2 ) (7 1 / 3 ) (7 1 / 4 )
n -1 n is equal to (JEE Main 2020)
(a) (b)
n n+1 (a) 72 (b) 71/ 2 (c) e2 (d) 746/ 21
n+1 n+1
(c) (d) 26. The sum of all natural numbers ‘n’ such that
n+2 n
100 < n < 200 and HCF (91, n)>1 is
18. If the sum of first n terms of an AP is cn2 , then the (JEE Main 2019)
sum of squares of these n terms is (a) 3203 (b) 3303
n (4n 2 - 1) c 2 n (4n 2 + 1) c 2 (c) 3221 (d) 3121
(a) (b)
6 3 20
1
n (4n 2 - 1) c 2 n (4n 2 + 1) c 2
27. The sum å k 2 k is equal to (JEE Main 2019)
(c) (d) k=1
3 6
11 11
(a) 2 - (b) 1 -
19. The consecutive digits of a three digit number are 219 220
in GP. If the middle digit be increased by 2, then 3 21
(c) 2 - 17 (d) 2 - 20
they form an AP. If 792 is subtracted from this, 2 2
then we get the number constituting of same three 28. The sum of first 20 terms of the sequence
digits but in reverse order. Then, number is 0 .7 , 0 .77 , 0 .777 , ¼ , is (JEE Main 2013)
divisible by 7
(a) (179 - 10- 20 )
(a) 13 (b) 49 (c) 19 (d) 11 81
7
20. For an increasing AP a1, a2 , . . . , an , (b) (99 - 10- 20 )
9
if a1 + a3 + a5 = - 12 and a1a3a5 = 80, then which of 7
the following is/are true? (c) (179 + 10- 20 )
81
(a) a1 = - 10 (b) a 2 = - 1 7
(d) (99 + 10- 20 )
(c) a 3 = - 13 (d) a 5 = - 3 9
21. The sum of the first three terms of a GP is S and 29. Let the sum of the first n terms of a non-constant
their product is 27. Then all such S lie in n( n - 7)
AP a1, a2 , a3. . . . .be 50 n + A, where A is a
(JEE Main 2020) 2
(a) (- ¥ , 9] constant. If d is the common difference of this AP,
(b) [- 3, ¥ ) then the ordered pair ( d, a50 ) is equal to
(c) (- ¥ , - 9] È [3, ¥ ) (JEE Main 2019)
(d) (- ¥ , - 3] È [ 9, ¥ ) (a) (A, 50 + 46A) (b) (50, 50 + 45A)
22. If 210 + 2 9 × 31 + 2 8 × 32 + . . . . + 2 × 39 + 310 = S - 211, (c) (50, 50 + 46A) (d) (A, 50 + 45A)
10
then S is equal to (JEE Main 2020) 30. Let å f ( a + k) = 16 ( 210 - 1), where the function f
311 k=1
(a) + 210 (b) 311
2 satisfies f ( x + y) = f ( x) f ( y) for all natural numbers
(c) 2 × 311 (d) 311 - 212 x, y and f (1) = 2. Then, the natural number ‘a’ is
23. If 1 + (1 - 2 2 × 1) + (1 - 4 2 × 3) + (1 - 6 2 × 5) + (JEE Main 2019)
2
L + (1 - 20 × 19) = a - 220 b, then an ordered pair (a) 2 (b) 4
(c) 3 (d) 16
(a , b) is equal to (JEE Main 2020)
(a) (11, 97) (b) (10, 103) 31. Let Sn = 1 + q + q2 + K + qn and
2 n
(c) (10, 97) (d) (11, 103) æ q + 1ö æ q + 1ö æ q + 1ö
Tn = 1 + ç ÷+ç ÷ +K+ ç ÷ , where q is
è 2 ø è 2 ø è 2 ø
a real number and q ¹ 1. 15 (12 + 2 2 + . . . + 5 2 )

+ + . . . up to 15 terms is
If 101C1 + 101C2 × S1 + K + 101C101 × S100 = aT100 , then a 11 (JEE Main 2019)
is equal to (JEE Main 2019) (a) 7510 (b) 7820 (c) 7830 (d) 7520
100
(a) 2 (b) 202
(c) 200 (d) 299 Numerical Value Types Questions
3 3 3 3 3
1 +2 1 + 2 +3 æ1 1 1 ö
32. The sum of series 1 + + + ... log 2.5 ç + +
è 3 32 33
+ ... to ¥ ÷
ø
1+ 2 1+ 2 +3 36. The value of (0.16) is equal to
3 3 3
1 + 2 + 3 + K + 15 1 3 ...... . (JEE Main 2020)
+ - (1 + 2 + 3 + K + 15)
1 + 2 + 3 + K + 15 2
37. If m arithmetic means (AMs) and three geometric
is equal to (JEE Main 2019) means (GMs) are inserted between 3 and 243 such
(a) 620 (b) 660 (c) 1240 (d) 1860 that 4th AM is equal to 2nd GM, then m is equal to
(JEE Main 2020)
33. Let a1, a2 , a3, . . . be a GP such that a1 < 0,
9 20
38. The sum å (1 + 2 + 3 + K + k) is
a1 + a2 = 4 and a3 + a4 = 16. If å ai = 4l, then l is k= 1 (JEE Main 2020)
i =1
equal to (JEE Main 2020)

7
n( n + 1) ( 2 n + 1)
511
39. The sum, å 4
is equal to ....... .
(a) - 171 (b) 171 (c) (d) - 513 n=1 (JEE Main 2020)
3
34. If the sum of the first 40 terms of the series, 40. The number of terms common to the two APs 3, 7,
3 + 4 + 8 + 9 + 13 + 14 + 18 + 19 + . . . is (102)m, then 11, …, 407 and 2, 9, 16, ...., 709 is ..... .
(JEE Main 2020)
m is equal to (JEE Main 2020)
(a) 10 (b) 25 (c) 5 (d) 20 41. If the arithmetic mean and geometric mean of the
pth and qth terms of the sequence - 16, 8, - 4, 2,
35. The sum of the following series
............ satisfy the equation 4 x 2 - 9 x + 5 = 0, then
9 (12 + 2 2 + 32 ) 12 (12 + 2 2 + 32 + 4 2 )
1+6 + + p + q is equal to (JEE Main 2021)
7 9
Answers
Round I
1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (c)
11. (b) 12. (b) 13. (c) 14. (c) 15. (d) 16. (c) 17. (b) 18. (a) 19. (d) 20. (a)
21. (d) 22. (d) 23. (c) 24. (b) 25. (b) 26. (c) 27. (b) 28. (b) 29. (c) 30. (d)
31. (a) 32. (a) 33. (d) 34. (c) 35. (b) 36. (d) 37. (b) 38. (c) 39. (b) 40. (c)
41. (b) 42. (a) 43. (d) 44. (a) 45. (a) 46. (b) 47. (a) 48. (b) 49. (a) 50. (a)
51. (a) 52. (b) 53. (b) 54. (c) 55. (c) 56. (d) 57. (c) 58. (a) 59. (d) 60. (b)
61. (c) 62. (b) 63. (c) 64. (a) 65. (b) 66. (b) 67. (b) 68. (d) 69. (b) 70. (c)
71. (b) 72. (c) 73. (b) 74. (c) 75. (c) 76. (d) 77. (d) 78. (c) 79. (d) 80. (c)
81. (c) 82. (b) 83. (b) 84. (c) 85. (d) 86. (c) 87. (c) 88. (c) 89. (b) 90. (a)
91. (d) 92. (d) 93. (d) 94. (d) 95. (a) 96. (b) 97. (b) 98. (a) 99. (c) 100. (d)
101. (b)
Round II
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (c) 6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (a) 9. (c) 10. (c)
11. (b) 12. (b) 13. (c) 14. (a) 15. (d) 16. (c) 17. (b) 18. (c) 19. (b) 20. (a)
21. (d) 22. (b) 23. (d) 24. (d) 25. (a) 26. (d) 27. (a) 28. (c) 29. (a) 30. (c)
31. (a) 32. (a) 33. (a) 34. (d) 35. (b) 36. 4.0 37. 39 38. 1540 39. 504 40. 14
41. 10
Solutions
Round I 40
5. Given, 3600 = [ 2a + (40 - 1) d ]
æ a a K an ö æ a1a 2 K a n - 1 ö 2
1. a1a 2 K a n = bn ç 1 2 ÷ = a nbn ç ÷
è bn ø è bn ø Þ 3600 = 20 (2a + 39 d )
é 1 1 ù Þ 180 = 2a + 39 d …(i)
n-1 n-1 æ a a K an - 1 ö
= ê (x) 2 - ( y) 2 úç 1 2 ÷ After 30 instalments one-third of the debt is unpaid.
ê úè bn ø 3600
ë û Hence, = 1200 is unpaid and 2400 is paid.
æ a1a 2 K a n - 2 ö x- y 3
= bn - 1 × a n - 1 ç ÷ =K= 30
è bn ø bn Now, 2400 = {2a + (30 - 1) d }
2
2. Since, the given equation is cubic, therefore we take \ 160 = 2a + 29 d …(ii)
three roots. On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
Let the roots be a - d , a , a + d. a = 51, d = 2
Sum of three numbers in AP = 3a = 12 Now, the value of 8th instalment
Þ a = 4 is a root. = a + (8 - 1) d
\The given equation x 3 - 12x2 + 39x - 28 = 0 can be = 51 + 7.2 = ` 65
rewritten as m (2 b - a )
(x - 4) (x2 - 8x + 7 ) = 0 6. mth mean between a and 2 b is a + .
n+1
\ x = 1, 4, 7 or 7, 4, 1 m (b - 2 a )
and mth mean between 2 a and b is 2 a + ×
\ d = ±3 n+1
3. Let the number of sides of the polygon be n. Then, the According to the given condition,
sum of interior angles of the polygon m (2 b - a ) m (b - 2a )
p a+ =2a +
= (2n - 4) = (n - 2) p n+1 n+1
2 Þ m (2 b - a ) = a (n + 1 ) + m (b - 2 a )
Since, the angles are in AP and a = 120° , d = 5
n Þ a (n - m + 1 ) = bm
Therefore, S n = [2a + (n - 1 )d ] a m
2 Þ =
n b n -m + 1
Þ [2 ´ 120 + (n - 1)5 ] = (n - 2) 180
2 7. Here, n = 20,S n = 66000, d = 200
Þ n 2 - 25n + 144 = 0
Let first term is a.
Þ (n - 9) (n - 16) = 0 n
Þ n = 9, 16 Q Sn =[2a + (n - 1 )d ]
2
Take n = 16 20
\ 66000 = [2 ´ a + (20 - 1 )200]
T16 = a + 15d = 120°+15(5° ) = 195°, which is impossible, 2
an interior angle cannot be greater than 180°. Þ 6600 = 2a + 19 ´ 200
Hence, n =9 Þ 2a = 6600 - 3800
2 2 2
4. Now, we assume (b - c) , (c - a ) , (a - b) are in AP, then Þ 2a = 2800
we have Þ a = 1400
2 2 2 2
(c - a ) - (b - c) = (a - b) - (c - a ) Hence, he save in the first year is ` 1400.
Þ (b - a ) (2 c - a - b) = (c - b) (2 a - b - c) …(i) 8. Clearly, the series is 5, 7, 9, 11, …
1 1 1 It is an AP, where a = 5 and d = 2, S n = 192
Also, if , , are in AP, then
b - c c- a a - b n
1 1 1 1 Þ S n = [2a + (n - 1 )d ]
- = - 2
c- a b - c a - b c- a n
b + a -2 c c+ b -2 a Þ 192 = [2 ´ 5 + (n - 1 )2]
Þ = 2
(c - a ) (b - c) (a - b) (c - a ) n
Þ 192 = ´ 2(5 + n - 1 )
Þ (a - b) (b + a - 2 c) = (b - c) (c + b - 2 a ) 2
Þ (b - a ) (2 c - a - b) = (c - b) (2 a - b - c) Þ 192 = n (n + 4)
which is equal to Eq.(i), so our hypothesis is true. Þ 192 = n 2 + 4n
Þ n 2 + 4n - 192 = 0 1æ1 1 ö 4000

= ç - ÷= = 10 (given)
Þ 2
n + 16n - 12n - 192 = 0 d è a1 a 4001 ø a1a 4001
Þ n (n + 16) - 12(n + 16) = 0 Þ a1a 4001 = 400 …(i)
Þ (n + 16)(n - 12) = 0 a1 + a 4001 = a 2 + a 4000 = 50 …(ii)
Þ n = - 16, 12 \ (a1 - a 4001 )2 = (a1 + a 4001 )2 - 4a1a 4001
But n ¹ - 16 = (50)2 - 1600
Q Number of days are always positive. Þ |a1 - a 4001|= 30
\Required number of days = 12
12. Since, a1 , a 2, a3 ,... , a n are in AP.
9. Here, n = 16,S n = 8000 Þ d = a 2 - a1 = a3 - a 2 = . . . = a n - a n - 1
Since, we consider last place team as a first term, \ sin d (cosec a1cosec a 2 + ... + cosec a n - 1 cosec a n )
a = 275 sin (a 2 - a1 ) sin (a n - a n - 1 )
= + ... +
Let common difference be d. sin a1 sin a 2 sin a n - 1 sin a n
n (sin a 2 cos a1 - cos a 2 sin a1 )
Q S n = [2a + (n - 1 )d ] =
2 sin a1 sin a 2
16 (sin a n cos a n - 1 + cos a n sin a n - 1 )
\ 8000 = [2 ´ 275 + (16 - 1 )d ] +K+
2 sin a n - 1 sin a n
Þ 1000 = (550 + 15d )
= (cot a1 - cot a 2) + (cot a 2 - cot a3 )
Þ 15d = 450 + K + (cot a n - 1 - cot a n )
Þ d = 30 = cot a1 - cot a n
Now, T16 = 275 + (16 - 1 )30
13. Given, xn = xn + 1 2
= 275 + 450
= 725 \ x1 = x2 2 , x2 = x3 2 , ... , xn = xn + 1 2
x1
\The first place team will get the prize ` 725. On multiplying x1 = xn + 1 ( 2 )n Þ xn + 1 =
( 2 )n
10. Since, q1 , q2, q3 , . . . , qn are in AP. x1
Hence, xn =
Þ q2 - q1 = q3 - q2 = . . . = qn - qn - 1 = d …(i) ( 2 )n - 1
Now, taking only first term x12
sin d sin (q2 - q1 ) Area of S n = xn2 = n -1
<1
sin d sec q1 sec q2 = = 2
cos q1 cos q2 cos q1 cos q2
Þ 2n - 1 > x12 (Q x1 = 10)
[from Eq. (i)]
\ 2n - 1 > 100
sin q2 cos q1 - cos q2 sin q1
= But 27 > 100,28 > 100 etc.
cos q1 cos q2
sin q2 cos q1 cos q2 sin q1 \ n - 1 = 7, 8, 9, K Þ n = 8, 9, 10, K
= -
cos q1 cos q2 cos q1 cos q2 14. Since a , b, c are in AP.
= tan q2 - tan q1 \ 2b = a + c
Similarly, we can solve other terms which will be Þ 2 b x = (a + c) x for all x
tan q3 - tan q2, tan q4 - tan q3 , . . .
Þ 2 b x + 20 = (a + c) x + 20 for all x
\ sin d (sec q1 sec q2 + sec q2 sec q3
Þ 2 (b x + 10) = (ax + 10) + (cx + 10)
+ . . . + sec qn - 1 sec qn )
\ 102(b x + 10) = 10( a x + 10) + ( c x + 10)
= tan q2 - tan q1 + tan q3 - tan q2
Þ (10b x + 10 )2 = 10a x + 10 × 10c x + 10
+ . . . + tan qn - tan qn - 1
Þ 10a x + 10 , 10b x + 10 , 10c x + 10 are in GP for all x
= - tan q1 + tan qn = tan qn - tan q1
1 1 1 15. Let tn be the nth term of given AP. Then, we have t19 = 0
11. Now, + + ... +
a1a 2 a 2a3 a 4000a 4001 Þ a + (19 - 1)d = 0 [Q tn = a + (n - 1)d ]
1 æ a - a1 a3 - a 2 a - a 4000 ö Þ a + 18d = 0 …(i)
= ç 2 + + ... + 4001 ÷ t49 a + 48d - 18d + 48d
d è a1a 2 a 2a3 a 4000a 4001 ø Now, = = [using Eq. (i)]
t29 a + 28d - 18d + 28d
1æ1 1 1 1 1 1 ö
= ç - + - + ... + - ÷ 30d
d è a1 a 2 a 2 a3 a 4000 a 4001 ø = = 3 :1
10d
16. Q a 2, b2, c2 are in AP. Þ a1 + 5d = 0 …(i)

Þ 2 2
sin B - sin A = sin C - sin B2 2 Now, it is given that
Þ sin C (sin B cos A - cos B sin A ) a1 + a3 + a5 + .... + a 23 = ka1
12
= sin A (sin C cos B - cos C sin B ) Þ [2a1 + (12 - 1) (2d )] = ka1
2
On dividing by sin A sin B sin C , we get é æ a öù
Þ 6 ê2a1 + 22ç - 1 ÷ ú = 5a1 [from Eq. (i)]
2 cot B = cot A + cot C ë è 5 øû
Þ cot A , cot B, cot C are in AP. é 10a1 - 22a1 ù 72
Þ 6ê úû = 5a1 Þ k = - 5
17. Let A1 , A2,... , Am be m arithmetic means between 1 ë 5
and 31. Hence, option (d) is correct.
Þ Then A1 , A2,... , Am 31 is an AP with common 20. Let the common difference of the AP having first term as
diffference. 3 is ‘d’, so according to the question
31 - 1 30 é b-aù S 25 = S 40 - S 25 Þ 2S 25 = S 40
d= = êëQ d = n + 1 úû
m+1 m+1 25
Þ 2´ [(2 ´ 3) + (25 - 1)d ]
\ A7 = 1 + 7d 2
7 ´ 30 m + 211 40
=1 + = = [(2 ´ 3) + (40 - 1)d ]
m+1 m+1 2
Þ 5 [6 + 24d ] = 4 [6 + 39d ]
and Am-1 = 1 + (m - 1)d
1
30 Þ 30 + 120d = 24 + 156d Þ 36d = 6 Þ d =
=1 + (m - 1) 6
m+1
Hence, option (a) is correct.
31m - 29
= 21. For the given AP.
m+1
n n
A7 5 Sn = [a1 + a n ] = [1 + 300] …(i)
Now, = (given) 2 2
Am-1 9
As, a1 = 1 and a n = 300
m ´ 211 5
= and 300 = 1 + (n – 1)d, where d is the common
31m - 29 9 difference of AP.
Þ 9m + 1899 = 155m - 145 299 23 ´ 13
Þ d= =
Þ 146m = 2044 n -1 n -1
Þ m = 14 Q d is an integer so n - 1 = 23, or 13
18. Q a1 , a 2, a3 , ... , a 2n are in AP. Þ n = 24 or 14
As it is given that, 15 £ n £ 50
\ a 2 - a1 = a3 - a 2 = K = d
So, n = 24 Þ d = 13
\ a12 - a 22 + a32 - a 42 + ... + a 22n - 1 - a 22n a n - 4 = { a + (n - 1) d }
= (a1 - a 2) (a1 + a 2) + (a3 - a 4 ) (a3 + a 4 ) a 20 = {1 + (20 - 1) ´ 13}
+ K + (a 2n - 1 - a 2n ) (a 2n - 1 + a n ) = 1 + 19 ´ 13
= (- d ) (a1 + a 2) + (- d ) (a3 + a 4 ) a 20 = 248
+ K + (- d ) (a 2n - 1 + a 2n ) 20
\ S n- 4 = S 20 = [1 + 248] = 10 ´ 249 = 2490
= (- d ) (a1 + a 2 + K + a 2n ) 2
é 2n ù 22. Let first term and common difference of an AP is ‘a’ and
= (- d ) ê (a1 + a 2n )ú
ë 2 û ‘d ’ respectively, then
1
æ a - a1 ö é a 2n - a1 ù a10 = a + 9d = (given) …(i)
= - ç 2n ÷ [n (a1 + a 2n )] êQ d = ú 20
è 2n - 1 ø ë 2n - 1 û
n 1
= (a12 - a 22n ) and a 20 = a + 19d = (given) …(ii)
2n - 1 10
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
19. Let the ‘d’ is the common difference of the AP
1 1 1 1
a1 , a 2, a3 ,..... (a1 ¹ 0), so sum of first eleven terms is 10d = - = Þd =
10 20 20 200
S11 = 0 [given] 1 9 1
11 and a= - =
Þ [2a1 + (11 - 1) d ] = 0 20 200 200
2
\ Sum of first 200 terms 27. Let a be the first term and d be the common difference.
200 é æ 1 ö 1 ù Then, we have a + d, a + 4d, a + 8 d in GP,
S 200 = ê ç2 ´ ÷ + (200 - 1)
2 ë è 200 ø 200 úû i.e. (a + 4d ) 2 = (a + d ) (a + 8 d )
1 201 1 Þ a + 16 d 2 + 8ad = a 2 + 8ad + ad + 8 d 2
2
= [2 + 200 - 1] = = 100
2 2 2 Þ 8 d 2 = a d Þ 8d = a [Q d ¹ 0]
23. Let first three terms of an AP as a - d, a, a + d. Now, common ratio,
a + 4d 8 d + 4d 12 d 4
So, 3a = 33 Þ a = 11 r= = = =
a+d 8d + d 9d 3
[given sum of three terms = 33
and product of terms = 1155] 28. Let the common difference be d.
Þ (11 - d )11 (11 + d ) = 1155 [given] Sum of first p terms = 0
Given, Sp = 0
Þ 112 - d 2 = 105
p
Þ 2
d = 121 - 105 = 16 Þ [2a + ( p - 1 )d ] = 0
2
Þ d = ±4 Þ 2a + ( p - 1 )d = 0
So the first three terms of the AP are either 7, 11, 15 2a
or 15, 11, 7. Þ d=- …(i)
p-1
So, the 11th term is either 7 + (10 ´ 4) = 47
\Required sum of next q terms Sum of first
or 15 + (10 ´ (-4)) = - 25
( p + q) terms - Sum of first p terms
24. Since, log 2 , log(2n - 1 ) and log (2n + 3) are in AP. = Sp + q - Sp
\ 2 log (2n - 1 ) = log 2 + log (2n + 3) p+ q
= [2a + ( p + q - 1 )d ] - 0
Þ (2n - 1 )2 = 2 (2n + 3) 2
Þ (2n - 5) (2n + 1 ) = 0 p+ q é æ -2 a ö ù
= ê2a + ( p + q - 1 ) ç ÷ ú [from Eq. (i)]
n
As 2 cannot be negative hence, 2 ë è p - 1øû
2n - 5 = 0 p+ q é1 p + q - 1ù
Þ 2n = 5 Þ n = log 2 5 = ´ 2a ê - ú
2 ë1 p-1 û
25. Here, T1 = S1 = 2 (1 ) + 3 (1 )2 = 5 é p - 1 - p - q + 1ù
= ( p + q) a ê ú
T2 = S 2 - S1 = 16 - 5 = 11[Q S 2 = 2(2) + 3 (2)2 = 16] ë p-1 û
T3 = S3 - S 2 = 33 - 16 = 17 - a ( p + q)q
=
[Q S3 = 2(3) + 3 (3)2 = 33 ] p-1
Hence, sequence is 5 , 11 , 17.
29. Clearly, the two-digit number which leaves remainder
\ a = 5 and d = 6
2 when divided by 7 is of the form N = 7k + 2
For new AP,
[by Division Algorithm]
A = 5 , D = 2 ´ 6 = 12 For, k = 2, N = 16
n k = 3, N = 23
\ S ¢n = [2 ´ 5 + (n - 1 )12]
2
M M
= 6 n2 - n k = 13, N = 93
26. Let S n and S¢ be the sums of n terms of two AP’s and T11 \12 such numbers are possible and these numbers
and T ¢11 be the respective 11th term, then forms an AP.
n 12 æ n ö
[2 a + (n - 1 ) d ] Now, S = [16 + 93] = 654 çQ S n = (a + l)÷
Sn 2 7n + 1 2 è 2 ø
= = (given)
S n ¢ n [2a ¢ + (n - 1 ) d ¢ ] 4 n + 27 Similarly, the two digit number which leaves
2 remainder 5 when divided by 7 is of the form
(n - 1 ) N = 7k + 5
a+ d
2 7n + 1
Þ = For k = 1, N = 12
(n - 1 )
a¢ + d ¢ 4 n + 27 k = 2, N = 19
2
M
Now, put n = 21, we get
k = 13, N = 96
a + 10 d T 148 4
= 11 = = \13 such numbers are possible and these numbers
a ¢ + 10 d ¢ T ¢11 111 3
also forms an AP.
13 æ n ö Þ 2na + 2n [6n - 1] = 1000

Now, S¢ = [12 + 96] = 702 çQ S n = (a + l)÷
2 è 2 ø 1000
Þ 2a + (6n - 1) d =
Total sum = S + S ¢ = 654 + 702 = 1356 n
6n 1000
30. Given that, Now, S 6n = [2a + (6n - 1) d ] = 3n × = 3000
2 n
a1 + a5 + a10 + a15 + a 20 + a 24 = 225
34. Statement I Since, nth term of an AP is a n.
Þ (a1 + a 24 ) + (a5 + a 20 ) + (a10 + a15 ) = 225
an + k + an - k é a + bù
Þ 3(a1 + a 24 ) = 225 \ an = êëQ AM = 2 úû
2
Þ a1 + a 24 = 75 …(i)
Statement II Let a be the first term and d be the
[Q in an AP the sum of the terms equidistant from
the beginning and the end is same and is equal common difference of an AP.
to the sum of the first and last term] According to the given condition,
\
n
a1 + a 2 + ... + a 24 = (a + l ) =
24
(a1 + a 24 ) Sm = S n
2 2 m n
\ [2a + (m - 1 )d ] = [2a + (n - 1 )d ]
= 12 ´ 75 = 900 [from Eq. (i)] 2 2
31. Since, a1 , a 2, a3 ,... , a n are in AP. Þ (m - n )2a + (m2 - n 2 - m + n )d = 0
Then, a 2 - a1 = a3 - a 2 = ... = a n - a n - 1 = d Þ (m - n )[2a + (m + n - 1 )d ] = 0 …(i)
where d is the common difference of the given AP. m+ n
\ S(m + n) = [2a + (m + n - 1 )d ] = 0
Also, a n = a1 + (n - 1 ) d 2
m+ n
Then, by rationalizing each term = (0) [Q from Eq. (i)]
1 1 1 2
+ + ... + =0
a 2 + a1 a3 + a 2 a n + a n -1
35. The sum of integers from 1 to 100 that are divisible by
a 2 - a1 a3 - a 2 a n - a n -1
= + + ... + 2 or 5
a 2 - a1 a3 - a 2 a n - a n -1 = Sum of series divisible by 2+ Sum of series divisible
=
1
( a 2 - a1 + a3 - a 2 + ... + a n - a n - 1 ) by 5 - Sum of series divisible by 2 and 5
d = (2 + 4 + 6+ ...+100) + (5 + 10 + 15 + ... + 100)
1 a n + a1 - (10 + 20 + 30 + ... + 100)
= ( a n - a1 ) ´
d a n + a1 50 20
= {2 ´ 2 + (50 - 1 ) 2} + {2 ´ 5 + (20 - 1 ) 5}
2 2
1 æ a n - a1 ö 1 é (n - 1 ) d ù n -1 10
= ç ÷= ê ú= - { 10 ´ 2 + (10 - 1 ) 10}
d è a n + a1 ø d ë a n + a1 û a n + a1 2
= 25 (102) + 10 (105) - 5 (110)
32. Since, a1 , a 2, a3 ,... , a n form an AP.
= 2550 + 1050 - 550 = 3050
\ a 2 - a1 = a 4 - a3 = ... = a 2n - a 2n -1 = d
Let S = a12 - a 22 + a32 - a 42 + ... + a 22n - 1 - a 22n 36. Let S = 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 100
100
= (a1 - a 2) (a1 + a 2) + (a3 - a 4 ) (a3 + a 4 ) = (1 + 100) = 50 (101 ) = 5050
2
+ K + (a 2n - 1 - a 2n ) (a 2n - 1 + a 2n )
Let S1 = 3 + 6 + 9 + 12 + ... + 99
é 2n ù
= - d (a1 + a 2 + ... + a 2n ) = - d ê (a1 + a 2n )ú …(i) = 3 (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + ... + 33)
ë 2 û
33
Also, we know a 2n = a1 + (2n - 1 ) d = 3× (1 + 33) = 99 ´ 17 = 1683
2
a - a1 a - a 2n
Þ d = 2n Þ -d= 1 Let S 2 = 5 + 10 + 15 + ... + 100
2n - 1 2 n -1
= 5 (1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 20)
On putting the value of d in Eq. (i), we get
20
n (a1 - a 2n ) (a1 + a 2n ) n = 5× (1 + 20) = 50 ´ 21 = 1050
S= = (a12 - a 22n ) 2
2n - 1 2n - 1
Let S3 = 15 + 30 + 45 + ... + 90
2n 4n
33. S 2n = [2a + (2n - 1) d ], S 4n = [2a + (4n - 1) d ] = 15 (1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 6)
2 2
6
4n 2n = 15 × (1 + 6) = 45 ´ 7 = 315
Þ S 2 - S1 = [2a + (4n - 1) d ] - [2a + (2n - 1) d ] 2
2 2 \ Required sum = S - S1 - S 2 + S3
= 4an + (4n - 1) 2nd - 2na - (2n - 1) dn = 5050 - 1683 - 1050 + 315
= 2na + nd [8n - 2 - 2n + 1] = 2632
37. Since, a , b, c are in GP. Þ (ap - b)2 + (bp - c)2 + (cp - d )2 = 0

Þ b2 = ac Þ ap - b = 0 = bp - c = cp - d
b c d
and log a - log 2 b, log 2 b - log 3c and log 3c - log a are Þ p= = =
a b c
in AP.
Þ a , b, c, d are in GP.
Þ 2 (log 2 b - log 3c) = log a - log 2 b + log 3c - log a
\ b2 = ac and 2 b = 3c 41. Since, x, 2 y and 3z are in AP.
Þ b=
2a
and c =
4a \ 4 y = x + 3z …(i)
3 9 And x, y, z are in GP.
5a 10a \ y = rx and z = xr 2
Since, a+b= > c, b + c = >a,
3 9
On putting the values of y and z in Eq. (i), we get
13a
c+ a = >b 4xr = x + 3xr 2
9
Þ 3r 2 - 4r + 1 = 0
It implies that a , b, c form a triangle with a as the
greatest side. Þ (3r - 1 )(r - 1 ) = 0
1
Now, let us find the greatest ÐA of D ABC by using the Þ r = ,1
cosine formula. 3
4a 2 16a 2 1
+ - a2 \ r= [Q r ¹ 1]
2 2 2 3
b + c -a 29
cos A = = 9 81 =- <0
2 bc 4a 4a 48 42. Let the edges of rectangular block are
×
3 9 a , ar , ar 2 …(i)
\ The ÐA is obtuse. Now, volume = 216 cm3
38. Q a , b, g , d are in GP. a (ar )(ar 2) = 216 [Q volume of cuboid = l ´ b ´ h]
Let a = A, b = Ar, g = Ar 2, d = Ar3 Þ (ar )3 = 216
Q a and b are the roots of the equation x2 - 3x + a = 0, Þ ar = 6 cm …(ii)
then And total surface area = 252 cm2
a + b = 3 Þ A (1 + r ) = 3 … (i) 2[a (ar ) + ar (ar 2) + a (ar 2)] = 252
g and d are the roots of the equation x2 - 12x + b = 0, \From Eq. (ii),
then
2(6a + 36r + 36) = 252
g + d = 12
Þ 12(a + 6r + 6) = 252
Þ A r 2(1 + r ) = 12 … (ii)
Þ a + 6r = 15 …(iii)
On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get æ6ö
Þ a + 6 ´ ç ÷ = 15 [Q from Eq. (ii)]
A = 1, r = 2 èaø
Þ a = 1, b = 2 , g = 4, d = 8 Þ a 2 - 15a + 36 = 0
\ a = ab = 1 ´ 2 = 2 Þ (a - 12)(a - 3) = 0
and b = gd = 4 ´ 8 = 32 Þ a = 3, 12
39. Q b, a , c are in AP. \From Eq. (iii),
\ 2a = b + c …(i) when a = 3, r = 2
and b, G1 , G2, c are in GP. 1
when a = 12, r =
\ G1 = br, G2 = br 2 and c = br3 , 2
where r be the common ratio of GP. On putting above values in Eq. (i), we get
Now, G13 + G32 = (br )3 + (br 2)3 Edges are 3, 6, 12 or 12, 6, 3.
2 Hence, the length of the longest edge is 12 cm.
æ cö æ cö
= b3 r3 + b3 r 6 = b3 ç ÷ + b3 ç ÷
è bø è bø 43. Let r be the common ratio of given GP, then we have the
2 2 following sequence
= b c + bc = bc(b + c) = 2abc
a1 , a 2 = a1r , a3 = a1r 2, ... , a10 = a1r 9
\ G13 + G32 = 2abc
Now, a3 = 25 a1
40. Given equation, Þ a1r 2 = 25 a1 Þ r 2 = 25
(a 2 + b2 + c2) p2 - 2 (ab + bc + cd ) p + (b2 + c2 + d 2) = 0 a 9 a1r 8
Þ (a 2p2 - 2apb + b2) + (b2p2 - 2bpc + c2) Consider, = = r 4 = (25)2 = 54
a5 a1r 4
+ (c2p2 - 2cpd + d 2) = 0
44. Let A be the arithmetic mean between two numbers a

47. Let , a and a r be the roots of the equation
a and b. Again, let G1 and G2 be the two geometric mean r
between two numbers a and b. ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0.
a+b
\ A= and G1 = ar ,G2 = ar 2, a b
2 \ Sum of the roots, + a + ar = -
1 r a
1/3
æ bö 2+ 1 æ bö æ1 ö b
where r=ç ÷ =ç ÷ …(i) Þ a ç + 1 + r÷ = - …(i)
èaø èaø èr ø a
G12 G22 2 2
a r a r 2 4
\ + = 2
+ Sum of product of the roots taken two at a time,
G2 G1 ar ar a a c
× a + a × ar + ar × =
æ bö r r a
= a + ar3 = a + a ç ÷ [Q from Eq. (i)]
èaø
2æ 1 ö c
é a + bù Þ a ç + r + 1÷ = …(ii)
= a + b = 2A èr ø a
êëQ A = 2 úû
a d
Product of the roots, × a× a r = -
45. Let first term be A and common ratio be R. r a
Given, pth term, T p = q and qth term, Tq = p. 3 d
Þ a =- …(iii)
AR p - 1 = q and ARq - 1 = p …(i) a
AR p - 1 q On dividing Eqs. (ii) by (i), we get
\ =
ARq - 1 p æ1
a 2ç + r + 1÷
ö c
1 èr ø a
p-q q æ qö p- q =
Þ R = ÞR= ç ÷ æ1 ö b
p è pø a ç + 1 + r÷ -
èr ø a
On putting the value of R in Eq. (i), we get c
p -1 p -1 Þ a=- …(iv)
æ qö p-q æ pö p-q
b
A×ç ÷ = qÞ A = q×ç ÷ From Eqs. (iii) and (iv),
è pø è qø
3
Now, ( p + q)th term, T p + q = AR p + q - 1 æ cö d c3 d c3 d
ç- ÷ = - Þ - =- Þ =
p -1 p + q -1 è bø a b3 a b3 a
æ pö p - q æ q ö p-q
Þ c3 × a = d × b3
= q×ç ÷ ´ç ÷
è qø è pø
48. Given, x, y, z are in GP and a x = by = cz
p -1 p + q -1 p - q - p + 1 + p + q -1
1- +
p-q p-q p-q Since, x, y, z are in GP.
q q
= p + q -1 p -1
= p + q -1 - p + 1
- Þ y2 = xz …(i)
p-q p-q p-q
p p We have,
p 1 1
a x = by = cz = k (say); k > 0
qp-q æ q p ö p - q æ q p ö ( p - q)
= q
= ç q÷ = ç q÷ On taking log both sides, we get
èp ø èp ø
p p-q x log a = y log b = z log c = log k
log k log k log k
46. We have, Þ x= ,y= ,z=
log a log b log c
(a 2 + b2 + c2) p2 - 2(ab + bc + cd ) p + (b2 + c2 + d 2) £ 0 …(i)
On substituting the values of x, y and z in Eq. (i),
LHS = (a 2p2 - 2abp + b2) + (b2p2 - 2bcp + c2)
we get
+ (c2p2 - 2cdp + d 2) 2
æ log k ö log k log k
= (ap - b)2 + (bp - c)2 + (cp - d )2 ³ 0 …(ii) ç ÷ = ×
è log b ø log a log c
Since, the sum of squares of real number is
non-negative. (log k)2 (log k)2
Þ =
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get (log b) 2
log a × log c
(ap - b)2 + (bp - c)2 + (cp - d )2 = 0 Þ (log b)2 = log a × log c

Þ ap - b = 0 = bp - c = cp - d log a log b
Þ =
b c d log b log c
Þ = = =p
a b c é log e x ù
\ logb a = log c b êQ log y = log y xú
\ a , b, c and d are in GP. ë e û
49. Let a be the first term and r be the common ratio of GP. 8 æ2 ö
Þ 24 = + 8r + 4 Þ 20 = 4 ç + 2r ÷
25 r èr ø
Þ ar + ar5 =
2 2
Þ 5 = + 2r Þ 2r 2 - 5r + 2 = 0
Þ ar 2 ´ ar 4 = 25 r
Þ a 2r 6 = 25 Þ 2r 2 - 4r - r + 2 = 0
Þ ar3 = 5 Þ 2r (r - 2) - 1(r - 2) = 0
5 Þ (r - 2) (2r - 1) = 0
Þ a= 3
r 1
Þ r = 2,
5r 5r5 25 2
Þ + 3 =
r3 r 2 \ Three consecutive terms are
1 2 5 8
Þ +r = , 8, 8 (2) Þ 4, 8, 16
r2 2 2
Put r2 = t Sum of these terms = 4 + 8 + 16 = 28
t2 + 1 5
Þ = 53. Given, three distinct numbers a , b and c are in GP.
t 2
Þ 2t 2 - 5t + 2 = 0 \ b2 = ac …(i)
and the given quadratic equations
Þ 2t 2 - 4t - t + 2 = 0
ax2 + 2bx + c = 0 …(ii)
Þ (2t - 1) (t - 2) = 0
1 1 dx2 + 2ex + f = 0 …(iii)
Þ t = , 2 Þ r2 = , 2 For quadratic Eq. (ii),
2 2
Þ r= 2 the discriminant D = (2b)2 - 4ac
= ar3 + ar5 + ar7 = 4(b2 - ac) = 0 [from Eq. (i)]
= ar3 (1 + r 2 + r 4 ) Þ Quadratic Eq. (ii) have equal roots, and it is equal to
= 5 [1 + 2 + 4] = 35 b
x = - , and it is given that quadratic
a
50. If a , b, c are in GP, then b2 = ac Eqs. (ii) and (iii) have a common root, so
Taking log on both sides, we get 2
æ bö æ bö
2 log e b = log e a + log e c d ç - ÷ + 2e ç - ÷ + f = 0
è aø è aø
Þ 2n log e b = n log e a + n log e c
Þ db2 - 2eba + a 2f = 0
Þ 2 log e bn = log e a n + log e cn
Þ d (ac) - 2eab + a 2f = 0 [Q b2 = ac]
Þ log e a n , log e bn , log e cn be in AP.
Þ dc - 2eb + af = 0 [Q a ¹ 0]
51. Let r be the common ratio. Þ 2eb = dc + af
100
å a 2n Þ
e dc af
2 = 2+ 2
n =1 a 2 + a 4 + a 6 + K + a 200 b b b
\ =
100
a1 + a3 + a5 + K + a199 [dividing each term by b2]
å a 2n - 1
æ eö d f
n =1 Þ 2ç ÷ = + [Q b2 = ac]
3 5 199 è bø a c
a1 (r + r + r + K + r )
= =r d e f
a1 (1 + r 2 + r 4 + K + r198 ) So, , , are in AP.
a b c
a
Þ =r
b 54. It is given that, the terms a , b, c are in GP with
a 1
52. Let the three consecutive terms of a GP are , a and ar. common ratio r, where a ¹ 0 and 0 < r £ .
r 2
Now, according to the question, we have So, let, b = ar and c = ar 2
a Now, the terms 3a, 7b and 15c are the first three terms
× a × ar = 512 Þ a3 = 512
r of an AP, then
Þ a =8 ... (i) 2(7b) = 3a + 15 c
Also, after adding 4 to first two terms, we get Þ 14ar = 3a + 15ar 2 [as b = ar, c = ar 2]
2
8
+ 4, 8 + 4, 8r are in AP Þ 14r = 3 + 15r [as a ¹ 0]
r Þ 15r 2 - 14r + 3 = 0
8 Þ 15r 2 - 5r - 9r + 3 = 0
Þ 2 (12) = + 4 + 8r
r
Þ 5r (3r - 1) - 3(3r - 1) = 0 1
Þ r=-
1 3 2
Þ (3r - 1) (5r - 3) = 0 Þ r = or
3 5 From Eq. (ii), we get
æ 1ù 1 éæ 1ö ù
as, r Î ç0, ú , so r = a ê ç - ÷ - 1ú = 6 Þ a = - 4
è 2û 3 ë è 2 ø û
Now, the common difference of AP = 7b - 3a On putting the value of a and r in Eq. (i), the required
æ7 ö 2a numbers are 8, - 4, 2 , 8.
= 7ar - 3a = a ç -3÷ = -
è3 ø 3 57. Given, a1 , b1 are the roots of the equation
æ -2 a ö x2 - 6 x + p = 0
So, 4th term of AP = 3a + 3 ç ÷=a
è 3 ø
Þ a1 + b1 = 6 …(i)
55. Let r be the common ratio. Þ a1 × b1 = p …(ii)
If r ³ 1, then ar 2 is the greatest term. and a 2, b 2 are the roots of the equation
\ ar 2 < a + ar x2 - 54x + q = 0
Þ r2 - r - 1 < 0 Þ a 2 + b 2 = 54 …(iii)
1± 1+4 Þ a2 × b2 = q …(iv)
Þ r=
2 Since, a1 , b1 , a 2, b 2 are in GP.
1± 5 \ a1 = a, b1 = ar, a 2 = ar 2, b 2 = ar3
Þ r= Now, a1 + b1 = 6
2
æ1 - 5 1 + 5 ö \ a + ar = 6 …(v)
Þ r Îç , ÷ and a 2 + b 2 = 54
è 2 2 ø
ar 2 + ar3 = 54 …(vi)
1
As r ³ 1, 1 £ r < ( 5 + 1) From Eqs. (v) and (vi), we get
2
r2 = 9 Þ r = ± 3
In case, 0 < r <1
Q a (1 + r ) = 6 = a (1 ± 3) = 6
a < ar + ar 2
a = - 3, 3 / 2
Þ r2 + r - 1 > 0
q - p = a 2r5 - a 2r = a 2r (r 4 - 1)
-1 ± 5 1
Þ r= Þ r < - ( 5 + 1) æ3ö
2
2 2 = ç ÷ (3) (81 - 1)
è2ø
1
or r > ( 5 - 1) 9
2 = ´ 3 ´ 80 = 540
4
5 -1
As 0 < r <1 Þ < r <1 a
2 58. Let three numbers in GP are , a , ar.
r
æ 5 -1 5 + 1ö
\ r Îç , ÷ From the given condition,
è 2 2 ø a
+ a + ar = 14
a r
56. Let the four numbers be , a , ar ,2ar - a …(i) æ1 ö
r Þ a ç + 1 + r ÷ = 14 …(i)
èr ø
where first three numbers are in GP and last three
a
in AP. and + 1, a + 1 and ar - 1 will be in AP, then
Given that, the common difference of AP is 6, so r
a a
ar - a = 6 …(ii) 2 (a + 1 ) = + 1 + ar - 1 = (1 + r 2) …(ii)
r r
a From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
and also given = 2ar - a
r a = 4 and r = 2
a So, required numbers are 2, 4, 8.
Þ = 2 (ar - a ) + a
r Hence, greatest number is 8.
a
Þ = 2 (6) + a [from Eq. (ii)] 59. Since, a , b, c are in AP.
r
\ b = a + d , c = a + 2d,
æaö
Þ ç ÷ - a = 12 where d is a common difference, d > 0
èrø
Again, since a 2, b2, c2 are in GP.
Þ a (1 - r ) = 12r \ a 2, (a + d )2 and (a + 2d )2 are in GP.
Þ - 6 = 12r [from Eq. (ii)] Þ (a + d )4 = a 2 (a + 2d )2
or (a + d )2 = ± a (a + 2d ) 62. Let the numbers be x and y.

Þ a 2 + d 2 + 2ad = ± (a 2 + 2ad ) According to the question,
On taking (+ ) sign, d = 0 (not possible as a < b < c) x+ y
= 2 xy
On taking (- ) sign, 2
2a 2 + 4ad + d 2 = 0 Þ x + y = 4 xy …(i)
2
æ1 ö æ1 ö Þ 2
(x + y) = 16xy
Þ 2a 2 + 4a ç - a ÷ + ç - a ÷ = 0
è2 ø è2 ø And we know that,
é 3 1ù (x - y)2 = (x + y)2 - 4xy
êëQ a + b + c = 2 Þ a + d = 2 úû
\ (x - y)2 = 16xy - 4xy = 12xy
Þ 4a 2 - 4a - 1 = 0 Þ x - y = 2 3xy …(ii)
1 1
\ a= ± On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
2 2
1 x = (2 + 3 ) xy
Here, d = -a >0
2 and y = (2 - 3 ) xy
1 x (2 + 3 ) xy
So, a< \Required ratio = =
2 y (2 - 3 ) xy
1 1
Hence, a= - (2 + 3 )2 = 7 + 4 3
2 2
63. Let A be the Ist term of AP and d be the common
60. Given, a = 1 and 4T2 + 5T3 is minimum. difference.
Let r be the common ratio of the GP, then \ 7th term = a = A + 6d [Q nth term = A + (n - 1)d]
\ 4T2 + 5T3 = 4 (ar ) + 5(ar 2) [Q a = 1] 11th term = b = A + 10d
Þ 4r + 5r 2 = f (r ) [say] …(i) 13th term = c = A + 12d
Þ r (4 + 5r ) = f (r ) Q a, b, c are also in GP
f (r ) = 0 \ b2 = ac
r (4 + 5r ) = 0 Þ r = 0, - 4 / 5 Þ ( A + 10 d )2 = ( A + 6 d ) ( A + 12 d )
Þ A 2 + 20 Ad + 100 d 2 = A 2 + 18 Ad + 72d 2
Þ 2 Ad + 28 d 2 = 0
f(r)
–2/5 Þ 2d ( A + 14 d ) = 0
.
–4/5 O Þ d = 0 or A + 14 d = 0
( –2, –4
) But d ¹ 0 [Q the series is non constant AP]
5 5
Þ A = - 14 d
We know that, if a > 0, quadratic expression \ a = A + 6 d = - 14 d + 6 d = - 8d
b and c = A + 12 d = - 14 d + 12 d = - 2d
ax2 + bx + c has least value at x = - .
2a a - 8d
Þ = =4
From the graph it is clear that, minima occurs of point c - 2d
æ -2 -4 ö 64. Since, x, y and z are in AP.
ç , ÷.
è 5 5 ø \ 2y = x + z
-2 Also, tan - 1 x, tan - 1 y and tan - 1 z are in AP.
\ r=
5
\ 2 tan - 1 y = tan - 1 x + tan - 1 z
2 2
61. Let a , ar , ar are in GP and a , ar , ar - 64 are in AP, æ 2y ö æ x+ zö
we get Þ tan -1 ç ÷ = tan - 1 ç ÷
è 1 - y2 ø è 1 - xz ø
a (r 2 - 2r + 1 ) = 64 …(i)
x+ z x+ z
Again, a , ar - 8, ar 2 - 64 are in GP. Þ =
1 - y2 1 - xz
\ (ar - 8)2 = a (ar 2 - 64)
Þ a (16r - 64) = 64 …(ii) Þ y2 = xz
On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get Since x, y and z are in AP as well as in GP.
r = 5 ,a = 4 \ x= y=z
Thus, required numbers are 4, 20, 100.
65. Let b = ar and c = ar 2, where r is the common ratio. 68. Given functional relation f (x + y) = f (x) × f ( y)
Then, a + b + c = xb Þ f (x) = a x
Þ a + ar + ar 2 = xar ¥
Þ 1 + r + r 2 = xr … (i) [Q a ¹ 0] Since, å f (x) = 2, so,|a | < 1

x =1
1 + r + r2
Þ x= Þ a + a 2 + a3 + ¼ = 2
r
1 a 2
=1 + r + Þ = 2 Þ 3a = 2 Þ a=
r 1-a 3
2
1
We know that, r + ³ 2 (for r > 0) f (4) a 4 æ2ö 4
So, = = a2 = ç ÷ =
r f (2) a 2 è3ø 9
1
and r + £ - 2 (for r < 0) [using AM ³ GM] 69. (666 K 6) = 6 + 6 ´ 10 + 6 ´ 102 + K + 6 ´ 10n - 1
r n digits
1 1
\ 1 + r + ³ 3 or 1 + r + £ -1 = 6 (1 + 10 + 102 + K + 10n - 1 )
r r
Þ x ³ 3 or x £ -1 6 2
= (10n - 1 ) = (10n - 1 )
Þ x Î (- ¥ ,-1] È [3, ¥ ) 9 3
Hence, x cannot be 2. 8
Similarly, (888 K 8) = (10n - 1 )
Alternate Method n digits 9
From Eq. (i), we have 4 8
Hence, required sum = (10n - 1 )2 + (10n - 1 )
1 + r + r 2 = xr 9 9
Þ r 2 + (1 - x)r + 1 = 0 4
= (102n - 2 × 10n + 1 + 2 × 10n - 2)
For real solution of r , D ³ 0. 9
4
Þ (1 - x)2 - 4 ³ 0 = (102n - 1 )
9
Þ x2 - 2 x - 3 ³ 0
1 (1 - ln + 1 ) 1 - ln + 1
Þ (x - 3)(x + 1) ³ 0 70. LHS = =
1-l 1-l
Þ x Î (-¥ , - 1] È [3, ¥ )
and RHS = (1 + l ) (1 + l2) (1 + l4 ) (1 + l8 ) (1 + l16 )
\ x cannot be 2. (1 - l )(1 + l ) (1 + l2) (1 + l4 ) (1 + l8 ) (1 + l16 )
=
66. 1.4 + 3.04 + 5.004 + K (1 - l )
= (1 + 3 + 5 + ... ) + (0.4 + 0.04 + 0.004 + ... ) (1 - l2) (1 + l2) (1 + l4 ) (1 + l8 ) (1 + l16 )
=
n é4 4 ù 1-l
= [2 + (n - 1 ) × 2] + ê + + K upto n terms ú
2 ë 10 102 û (1 - l32)
=
é æ1ö ù
n
1-l
ê1 - ç ÷ ú
4 ê è 10 ø ú 1 - ln + 1 1 - l32
= n2 + \ =
10 ê 1 - 1 ú 1-l 1-l
ê 10 ú
ë û Þ 1 - ln + 1 = 1 - l32
4 æ 1 ö \ n + 1 = 32
= n 2 + ç1 - n ÷
9è 10 ø Þ n = 31
67. Let the first term and common ratio of the GP be ‘a’ and 71. Given f (x + y) = f (x) × f ( y), x, y Î N and f (1) = 2
‘r’ respectively, so according to the given information f (2) = f (1 + 1) = f (1) × f (1) = 4 = 22
2 3
ar + ar + ar = 3 …(i) f (3) = f (2 + 1) = f (2) × f (1) = 8 = 23
and ar5 + ar 6 + ar7 = 243 …(ii) f (4) = f (3 + 1) = f (3) × f (1) = 16 = 24
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get M M M M
\ r 4 = 81 Þ r = 3 [Q terms are positive]
f (n ) = f (n - 1 + 1) = f (n - 1) f (1) = 2n
\ 3a + 9a + 27a = 3 n
1 Now, å f (a + k) = f (a + 1) + f (a + 2)
Þ a + 3a + 9a = 1 Þ a = . k =1
13 + f (a + 3) + L + (a + n )
\ Sum of first 50 terms of the GP be = f (a ) f (1) + f (a ) f (2) + f (a ) f (3) + L + f (a ) f (n )
1 (350 – 1) 1 50
S50 = = (3 – 1) = f (a ) [ f (1) + f (2) + f (3) + L + f (n )]
13 3 – 1 26
= f (a ) [2 + 4 + 8 + L + 2n ] = f (a ) [2 + 22 + 23 + L + 2n ] 1 1 1
76. Given series = 1 + + + +L
2 4 8
é 2 (2 - 1) ù
n
n
= f (a ) ê ú = 2 f (a ) (2 - 1) …(i) 1
ë 1 û Here, a = 1, r =
2
n
1 é a ù
But å f (a + k) = 16 (2n - 1) …(ii) \ S= =2 êS ¥ = ú …(i)
k =1
1-
1 ë 1 - rû
2
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we have
é æ1ö ù
n
2 f (a ) (2n - 1) = 16(2n - 1) 1 ê1 - ç ÷ ú
êë è2ø ú é a (1 - r n ) ù
Þ 2 f (a ) (2n - 1) = 2 ´ 8 (2n - 1) Sn = û
and êQ S n = , r < 1ú
Þ 2 f (a )(2n - 1) = 2 f (3)(2n - 1) [Q f (3) = 8]
1
1- ë 1 - r û
2
Þ f (a ) = f (3)
æ 1ö
= 2 ç1 - n ÷ …(ii)
Þ a =3 è 2 ø
72. Let S = 1 + 10 + 102 + ... + 1090 It is given that,
1
S - Sn <
91 1000
1 × (10 - 1 )
= æ 1ö 1
10 - 1 Þ 2 - 2 ç1 - n ÷ < [from Eqs. (i) and (ii)]
è 2 ø 1000
(1013 )7 - 1 1013 - 1 2 1
= ´ Þ 2 -2 + n <
1013 - 1 10 - 1 2 1000
= [(1013 )6 + (1013 )5 + (1013 )4 + ... + 1] 1 1
<
´ (1012 + 1011 + ... + 1 ) 2n-1 1000
é 1 1 ù
\ It is the product of two integers and hence not Þ 2n - 1 > 1000 êëQ a < b Þ a > búû
prime.
n n Þ n - 1 ³ 10
73. å å Srs2r3s = 2 × 3 + 22 × 32 + 23 × 33 + ... + 2n × 3n Þ n ³ 11
r =1 s =1
So, the least value of n is 11.
6 (6n - 1 ) ¥
[as S rs = 0, if r ¹ s and S rs = 1, if r = s) = 77. Given, å rn = S
6 -1
n= 0
6 ù
= (6n - 1 )ú 2 1
5 û Þ 1 + r + r + ... ¥ = S Þ =S
1-r
74. Since, nm + 1 divides 1 + n + n 2 + K + n127 S -1
Þ 1 = S - rS Þ r =
1+ n+ n +K+ n 2 127 S
Therefore, is an integer. ¥
nm + 1 Now, å r 2n = 1 + r 2 + r 4 + ... ¥
n= 0
1 - n128 1
Þ ´ m is an integer. 1 1 S2
1-n n +1 = = =
1 - r2 æS -1ö
2
S - (S - 1 )2
2
(1 - n 64 )(1 + n 64 ) 1-ç ÷
Þ is an integer when largest è S ø
(1 - n )(nm + 1 )
S2 S2
m = 64 = =
(S - S + 1 ) (S + S - 1 ) (2 S - 1 )
75. Given, sum 2 7 12 17 22
ì 2 n - 1ü 78. s=1 + + + + 4 + 5 +K
n - 1ï æ x + 1ö æ x + 1ö æ x + 1ö ï 3 32 33 3 3
= (x + 2) í 1 + ç ÷ + ç ÷ + K + ç ÷ ý
è x + 2 ø è x + 2 ø è x + 2 ø
îï þï s 1 2
= + +
7
+ K... ¥
3 3 32 33
ì æ x + 1ö ü
n
ï1 - ç ÷ ï 2s 1 5 5
= 1 + + 2 + 3 + K... ¥
ï è x + 2ø ï 3 3 3 3
= (x + 2)n - 1 í ý
ï 1 - æç x + 1 ö÷ ï ì ü
ï è x + 2ø ï 2s 4 5 ï 1 / 3 ï 5 4 13
î þ = + í ý= + =
3 3 3 ï1 - 1ï 6 3 6
(x + 2)n - 1 {(x + 2)n - (x + 1 )n } × (x + 2) î 3þ
=
(x + 2)n 13
s=
= (x + 2)n - (x + 1 )n 4
79. We have, 1 + cos a + cos 2 a + K ¥ = 2 - 2 1

=
æ a - 1ö æ b - 1ö
1 1-ç ÷ç ÷
Þ =2 - 2 è a øè b ø
1 - cos a
From Eqs. (vi) and (vii)
1 1
Þ 1 - cos a = =1 + c=
1
2- 2 2 ab - (a - 1) (b - 1)
1 3p ab
Þ cos a = - Þ a=
2 4 ab
Þ c=
a × b - { ab - a - b + 1}
80. As we know, sum of infinite terms of GP,
ab
ìï a Þ c=
, |r|< 1 ab - ab + a + b - 1
S¥ = í 1 - r
ïî ¥ , |r|³ 1 ab
Þ c=
x a + b -1
\ S¥ = =5 (thus|r|< 1 )
1-r Þ ca + cb - c = ab Þ ac + bc = ab + c
x
Þ 1-r = 82. We know, AM ³ GM
5 4
5-x 4x +
Þ r= exists only when|r|< 1 \ 4x ³ 4x ´ 4
5 2 4x
5-x
Þ -1 < <1 Þ
4 4
4x + x ³ 2 4 Þ 4x + x ³ 4
5
4 4
\ -10 < - x < 0 Þ 0 < x < 10
¥ 83. Since, g = ab. Also, a , p , q and b are in AP.
81. a=å x n
…(i) b-a
n=0 So, common difference d is .
3
¥
b - a 2a + b
b=å yn …(ii) \ p=a + d=a + =
n=0 3 3
¥ b - a a + 2b
q=b-d=b- =
c = å (xy)n …(iii) 3 3
n=0 Now, (2 p - q)( p - 2q)
From Eq. (i), (4a + 2b - a - 2b) (2a + b - 2a - 4 b)
¥ = ×
a=å xn = 1 + x + x2 + x3 + L + ¥ 3 3
n=0 = - ab = - g 2
1
= [Q|x | < 1] …(iv) 84. Since, a , b and c are in AP.
1-x
¥ \ 2b = a + c …(i)
b=å yn = 1 + y + y2 + y3 + L + ¥ Also, p is AM between a and b
n=0 \ 2p = a + b …(ii)
1 Also, p¢ is GM between a and b
= [Q | y | < 1] …(v)
1- y \ p¢ = ab …(iii)
1 Similarly, 2q = b + c and q¢ = bc …(iv)
From Eq. (iv), a =
1-x æ a + b ö
2
æ b + c ö
2
Now, p2 - q2 = ç ÷ -ç ÷
Þ a (1 - x) = 1 Þ a - ax = 1 è 2 ø è 2 ø
a -1 1
Þ x= …(vi) = [a 2 + b2 + 2ab - (b2 + c2 + 2bc)]
a 4
1 1
From Eq. (v), b = = [(a 2 - c2) + 2b(a - c)]
1- y 4
b -1 (a - c)
Þ y= …(vii) = (a + c + 2b)
b 4
¥ æ a - cö
=ç ÷ (2b + 2b) [Q from Eq. (i)]
Now, c=å (xy)n è 4 ø
n=0
æ a - cö
c = 1 + xy + (xy)2 + (xy)3 + L + ¥ =ç ÷ 4b = (a - c)b …(v)
è 4 ø
1
= [Q|x| < 1,| y| < 1 Þ|xy| < 1] and p¢2 - q¢2 = ( ab )2 - ( bc )2
1 - xy
= ab - bc = b(a - c) …(vi) 90. Given series is 1 × 32 + 2 × 52 + 3 × 72 + ... ¥

\From Eqs. (v) and (vi), we get This is an arithmetico-geometric series whose nth term
p 2 - q 2 = p ¢2 - q ¢2 is equal to
Tn = n (2n + 1 )2 = 4n3 + 4n 2 + n
85. Given that, x1x2x3 ... xn = 1 …(i) n n
We know that, AM ³ GM
\ Sn = å Tn = å (4n3 + 4n 2 + n )
1 1
æ x1 + x2 + x3 + ... + xn ö 1/ n n n
\ç ÷ ³ (x1x2x3 ... xn ) n
è n ø =4 å n3 + 4 å n2 + S n
1
1 1
= (1 )1/ n = 1 [from Eq. (i)] 2
én ù 4 n
Þ x1 + x2 + x3 + .... + xn ³ n = 4 ê (n + 1 )ú + n (n + 1 ) (2n + 1 ) + (n + 1 )
ë2 û 6 2
\ x1 + x2 + x3 + . . . + xn é 4 1ù
can never be less than n. = n (n + 1 ) ê n 2 + n + (2n + 1 ) + ú
ë 6 2û
2 p 2 p 2 p 3q 3q 4r 4r n 2
+ + + + ... + + + ... + = (n + 1 ) (6n + 14n + 7 )
3 3 3 1 54 5 7 7 6
4244 3 14 4244 3
86. Since,
5 times 7 times 91. This progression is an arithmetico-geometric series.
15 a dr
\ S¥ = +
3 5
æ 2 p ö æ 3q ö æ 4r ö
7
1 - r (1 - r )2
³ 15 ç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷ [Q AM ³ GM]
è 3 ø è5ø è7ø 1 2
= +
233547 55 77 55 77 1 - 1 /2 (1 - 1 /2)2
Þ p3 q5 r7 £ 1 Þ p3 5 7
q r £ £ 2 2
33 55 77 23 32 47 217 9 = + = 4 + 8 = 12
1 /2 1 /4
87. Given that, a + 2b + 3c = 12
and a , b, c are positive real numbers. 92. Let S = 2 + 3 + 6 + 11 + 18 + . . . + Tn
Now, AM ³ GM or S = 2 + 3 + 6 + 11 + . . . + Tn
a + b + b + c+ c+ c 6 2 3 On subtracting, we get
Þ ³ ab c 0 = 2 + 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + . . . - Tn
6
a + 2b + 3c 6 2 3 Þ Tn = 2 + [1 + 3 + 5 + . . . (n - 1 ) term]
Þ ³ ab c Þ ab2c3 £ 26
6 n -1
=2 + [2 + (n - 1 - 1 )2]
88. The given series is clearly an AG, the corresponding AP 2
is 1 + 4 + 7 + 10 + ... having nth term = 3n - 2 . Tn = 2 + (n - 1 )2
1 1 \ T50 = 2 + (50 - 1 )2 = 492 + 2
and corresponding GP is 1 + + 2 + ... having nth term
5 5 93. Let S n = 12 + 16 + 24 + ... + Tn
1
= n -1 S n = 12 + 16 + ... + Tn
5
3n - 2 On subtraction
Hence, required nth term of the series is n - 1 .
5 0 = 12 + 4 + 8 + 16 + ... - Tn
4(2n - 1 - 1 )
89. Given series is Þ Tn = 12 + = 2n + 1 + 8
2 -1
1 + (2 ´ 3) + (3 ´ 5) + (4 ´ 7) + …upto 11 terms.
Now, the rth term of the series is a r = r (2r - 1) S n = STn = 22 + 23 + 24 + ... + 8n
\Sum of first 11-terms is 22(2n - 1 )
= + 8n = 4 (2n - 1 ) + 8n
11 11 11 11 2 -1
S11 = å r (2r - 1) = å (2r 2 - r ) = 2 å r 2 - å r 94. Let S = 1 + 3x + 6x2 + 10x 3 + ... ¥
r =1 r =1 r =1 r =1
11 ´ (11 + 1)(2 ´ 11 + 1) 11 ´ (11 + 1) xS = x + 3x2 + 6x 3 + ... ¥
=2 -
6 2 On subtracting, we get
é n
n (n + 1 )(2 n + 1 ) n
n (n + 1) ù S (1 - x ) = 1 + 2x + 3x2 + 4x 3 + ... ¥
êQ å r 2 = and å r = ú
êë r = 1 6 r =1 2 úû x (1 - x ) S = x + 2x2 + 3x3 + ... ¥
æ 11 ´ 12 ´ 23 ö æ 11 ´ 12 ö Again on subtracting, we get
=ç ÷-ç ÷
è 3 ø è 2 ø S [(1 - x ) - x (1 - x )] = (1 + x + x2 + x 3 + ... ¥ )
= (11 ´ 4 ´ 23) - (11 ´ 6) 1 1
Þ S [(1 - x ) (1 - x )] = Þ S=
= 11(92 - 6) = 11 ´ 86 = 946 1-x (1 - x )3
r 2(r + 1 )2 98. Let S n = 1 × 3 × 5 + 2 × 5 × 8 + 3 × 7 × 11 + . . . + nth term

n n
Sr
95. å sr
= å 4
r (r + 1 )
\ Tn = n (2n + 1 )(3n + 2)
r =1 r =1
2 \ S n = STn = Sn (2n + 1 )(3n + 2)
n
r (r + 1 ) 1 n = Sn (6n 2 + 7n + 2)
= å 2
=
2
å (r 2 + r )
= S(6n3 + 7n 2 + 2n )
r =1 r =1
1 é n (n + 1 )(2n + 1 ) n (n + 1 ) ù = 6Sn3 + 7Sn 2 + 2Sn
= +
2 ëê 6 2 ûú é n (n + 1 ) ù
2
7n (n + 1 )(2n + 1 ) n (n + 1 )
1 =6 ê úû + +2
= (n )(n + 1 ) (2n + 1 + 3) ë 2 6 2
12 n (n + 1 ) é 6n (n + 1 ) 7(2n + 1 ) ù
n (n + 1 )(n + 2) = êë + + 2ú
= 2 2 3 û
6
n (n + 1 ) é 18(n 2 + n ) + 28n + 14 + 12 ù
96. Given series is = ê ú
1 2 3 2 ë 6 û
+ + + ... + n terms
2
1+1 +1 4 2
1+2 +2 4
1 + 32 + 34 n (n + 1 ) æ 18n 2 + 46n + 26 ö
= ç ÷
Let Tn be the nth term of the series 2 è 6 ø
1 2 3
+ + +… n (n + 1 ) 2(9n 2 + 23n + 13)
2
1+1 +1 4 2
1+2 +2 4
1 + 32 + 34 = ´
2 6
n n
Then, Tn = = n (n + 1 )(9n 2 + 23n + 13)
2
1+ n + n 4
(1 + n 2)2 - n 2 =
6
n
= 2 13 13 + 23 13 + 23 + 33
(n + n + 1 ) (n 2 - n + 1 ) 99. Let Sn = + + + ...
1 1+3 1+3+5
1é 1 1 ù
= -
2 êë n 2 - n + 1 n 2 + n + 1 úû \ Tn =
13 + 23 + 33 + . . . + n3
1 + 3 + . . . + (2n - 1 )
1é 1 1 ù
= ê - ú
2 ë 1 + (n - 1 )n 1 + n (n + 1 ) û Sn3
= [Q1 + 3 + . . . + (2n - 1 ) = n 2]
1 é1 1 ù n2
\ T1 = - [n (n + 1 ) / 2]2 (n + 1 )2 n 2 + 2n + 1
2 êë 1 1 + 1 × 2 úû = = =
1é 1 1 ù n2 4 4
T2 = ê -
2 ë 1 + 1 × 2 1 + 2 × 3 úû 100. Let S n = n3 - (n - 1 )3 + . . . + (-1 )n - 113
1é 1 1 ù Here, n is an odd integer.
T3 = ê -
2 ë 1 + 2 × 3 1 + 3 × 4 úû
S n = 13 - 23 + 33 - 43 + . . .+ n3
… … …
= [13 + 23 + 33 + . . . + (n - 1 )3 + n3 ]
… … …
1é 1 1 ù - 2 [23 + 43 + 63 + . . . + (n - 1 )3 ]
Tn = ê - ú é æ n - 1ö ù
3
2 ë 1 + (n - 1 )n 1 + n (n + 1 ) û
= Sn3 - 2 ´ 23 ê13 + 23 + 33 + . . . ç ÷ ú
êë è 2 ø ú
On adding all these equations, we get û
n
1é 1 ù n (n + 1 ) é æ n - 1 ö3 ù
å Tr = 2 ê1 - 1 + n (n + 1 ) ú = 2 (n 2 + n + 1 ) = Sn3 - 16 ê S ç ÷ ú
ë û
r =1
êë è 2 ø úû
97. Let there are n balls used to form the sides of equilateral 2 2
é n (n + 1 ) ù éæ n - 1ö æ n - 1 öù
triangle. =ê úû - 16 ê çè 2 ÷ø çè 2 + 1÷ø ú
According to the question, we have ë 2 ë û
n (n + 1) é æ n - 1 ö 2 æ n + 1 ö 2ù
+ 99 = (n - 2)2
2 16 êç ÷ ç ÷ ú
êë è 2 ø è 2 ø úû
2
n 2(n + 1 )
Þ n 2 + n + 198 = 2 [n 2 - 4n + 4] = -
4 4
Þ n 2 - 9n - 190 = 0 Þ n 2 - 19n + 10n - 190 = 0
Þ (n - 19)(n + 10) = 0 Þ n = 19, - 10 (n + 1 )2 2
= [n - (n 2 + 1 - 2n )]
Þ n = 19 [Q number of balls n > 0] 4
Now, number of balls used to form an equilateral (n + 1 )2
n (n + 1) 19 ´ 20 = (2n - 1 )
triangle is = = 190. 4
2 2
101. Let nth term of the series is Tn and sum is S, then 3. Q13 , a1 , a 2, ... , a 20 , 67 are in AP.
S = 1 + 2 + 5 + 12 + 25 + 46 + 77 + K + Tn æ 13 + 67 ö
\a1 + a 2 + a3 + K + a 20 = 20 ç ÷ = 800
S = 1 + 2 + 5 + 12 + 25 + 46 + K + Tn - 1 + Tn è 2 ø
On subtraction, we get Also, AM > GM
0 = 1 + 1 + 3 + 7 + 13 + 21 + 31 + K + (Tn - Tn - 1 ) - Tn a1 + a 2 + K + a 20
Þ ³ (a1a 2a3 K a 20 )1/ 20
\Tn = 1 + { 1 + 3 + 7 + 13 + 21 + K + upto (n - 1 )} 20
Þ 40 ³ (a1 × a 2 × a3 K a 20 )1/ 20
Let (n - 1 )th term and S of the series 1 + 3 + 7 + 13 + K
Hence, maximum value of a1 × a 2 × a3 K a 20 is (40)20.
are tn - 1 and S¢ respectively, then
S ¢ = 1 + 3 + 7 + 13 + 21 + K + tn - 1 4. From symmetry, we observe that S50 has 50 terms. First
S ¢ = 1 + 3 + 7 + 13 + K + tn - 2 + tn - 1 term of S1 , S 2, S3 , S 4 ,... , S50 are 1, 2, 4, 7, … , 50.
On subtraction, we get Let Tn be the first term of nth set. Then,
0 = 1 + 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + K + (tn - 1 - tn - 2) - tn - 1 S = T1 + T2 + T3 + ... + Tn
\ tn - 1 = 1 + 2 { 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + K upto (n - 2)} Þ S = 1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 11 + ... + Tn - 1 + Tn
1 or S = 1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + ... + Tn - 1 + Tn
= 1 + 2 × (n - 2) (n - 1 ) = n 2 - 3n + 3
2 Therefore, on subtracting
Þ tn = (n + 1 )2 - 3 (n + 1 ) + 3 0 = 1 + [1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + ... + (Tn - Tn - 1 )] - Tn
= n2 - n + 1 n (n - 1 )
or 0 =1+ - Tn
\ Tn = 1 + { 1 + 3 + 7 + ... upto (n - 1 )} 2
n -1
n (n - 1 )
=1 + å (n 2 - n + 1 ) Þ Tn = 1 +
2
1
n -1 n -1 n -1 Þ T50 = First term in S50 = 1226
=1 + å n2 - å n + å 1 Therefore, sum of the terms in S50
1 1 1
50
1 1 = [2 ´ 1226 + (50 - 1 ) ´ 1]
=1 + n (n - 1 ) (2n - 1 ) - n (n - 1 ) + (n - 1 ) 2
6 2
= 25 (2452 + 49) = 25 (2501 ) = 62525
1
= n (n - 1 ) (n - 2) + n
3 5. It will take 10 yr for Jairam to pay off ` 10000 in
1 10 yearly installments.
Hence, Tn = n (n - 1 ) (n - 2) + n
3 Q He pays 10% annual interest on remaining amount.
\ Money given in the first year
Round II 10000 ´ 10
= 1000 + = 1000 + 1000
1. Q Common terms are 5, 11, 17, … 100
\ Tn = 5 + (n - 1 ) 6 = 6n - 1 = ` 2000
100th term of the first sequence Money given in second year
= 2 + (100 - 1 ) 3 = 299 = 1000 + interest of (10000 - 1000)
and 100th term of the second sequence 9000 ´ 10
= 1000 + = 1000 + 900
= 3 + (100 - 1 ) 2 = 201 100
2
Now, 201 > 6n - 1 Þ n £ 33 = ` 1900
3
Similarly, money paid in third year = ` 1800 etc.
Þ n = 33 (Q n Î N )
-1 -1 -1
So, money given by Jairam in 10 yr will be ` 2000,
2. Q a , b , c are in AP.
` 1900, ` 1800, ` 1700, …
\ a , b, c are in HP.
Which is in arithmetic progression, whose first term
Now, for numbers a101 , b101 , c101
a = 2000 and d = -100
AM > GM
Total money given in 10 yr
101
a + c101 10
Þ > ( ac )101 > b101 [Q ac > b] = [2(2000) + (10 - 1 ) (-100)]
2 2
Þ 2b101 - a101 - c101 < 0 …(i) = ` 15500
Now, product of roots of given equation Therefore, total money given by Jairam
2b 101
-a 101 101
-c = 5000 + 15500
= <0 [from Eq. (i)]
1 = ` 20500
2
6. Let the number of days be n. é p + rù
Þ êë 2 úû ³ 4 pr [from Eq. (i)]
Hence, a worker can do
æ 1 ö Þ p2 + r 2 - 14 pr ³ 0
ç ÷ th part of the work in a day.
è 150n ø 2
ærö ærö
Þ ç ÷ - 14 ç ÷ + 1 ³ 0 (Q p > 0)
According to the given condition, è pø è pø
1
[150 + 146 + 142 + ... + upto (n + 8)] ´ =1 ær ö
2
terms 150n Þ ç - 7÷ - 48 ³ 0
èp ø
n+8
Þ [300 + (n + 8 - 1 ) (- 4)] = 1 2
2 ær ö 2
Þ ç - 7÷ - (4 3 ) ³ 0
Þ (n + 8) (272 - 4n ) = 300n èp ø
Þ 4n 2 + 60n - 2176 = 0 r
Þ -7 ³4 3
Þ 2
n + 15n - 544 = 0 p
Þ n = 17, - 32 9. Q T6 = 2 Þ a + 5d = 2
We do not take negative value Now, let P = T1T4T5
\ n = 17 = a (a + 3d )(a + 4d )
Therefore, number of total days = (2 - 5d )(2 - 2d )(2 - d )
= 17 + 8 = 25 = 2(4 - 16d + 17d 2 - 5d3 )
2
7. Given equation is ax + bx + c = 0 and let the roots On differentiating w.r.t. d, we get
are a , b. dP
Now, = 2 (-16 + 34d - 15d 2)
b c dd
So, a + b = - and ab = .
a a dP
Put = 0 for maxima or minima
Now, a 2 + b 2 = (a + b)2 - 2 a b dd
b2 2c -16 + 34d - 15d 2 = 0

= 2- 2 8
a a Þ d = and
3 5
1 1 a2 + b2
Now, + 2= 2 2 d 2P
a 2
b a b Also, = 2 (34 - 30d )
dd 2
b2 2 c æ d 2P ö
-
2 b2 - 2 ac ç ÷ >0
= a 2a = è dd 2 ø d = 2/3
c c2
a2 Thus, P is least.
According to the given condition, Thus, the value of d = 2 /3 .
1 1 10. Initially the ball falls from a height of 120 m. After
a+b = 2 + 2
a b striking the floor, it rebounds and goes to a height of
2
b b - 2ac 4 4
Þ - = ´ (120) m. Now, it falls from a height of ´ (120) m
a c2 5 5
4 é4 ù
Þ - bc2 = ab2 - 2a 2c and after rebounding goes to a height of ê (120)ú m.
5 ë5 û
Hence, 2 a 2c = ab2 + bc2
This process is continued till the ball comes to rest.
Þ ab2, ca 2, bc2 or bc2, ca 2, ab2 be in AP.
Hence, the total distance travelled is
8. Since, p, q and r are positive and are in AP. é4 2 ù
æ4ö
p+ r 120 + 2 ê (120) + ç ÷ (120 + . . . ¥ )ú
\ q= …(i) êë 5 è5ø úû
2
Q The roots of the equation px2 + qx + r = 0 are real. é4 ù
ê 5 (120) ú
Þ q2 ³ 4 pr = 120 + 2 ê = 1080 m
4 ú
ê 1- ú
ë 5 û
16 n æ 8r ö
11. 100 14. S= å ç 4 ÷
è 4r + 1 ø
r =1
4
3 16 n æ 1 1 ö
2 G
1 G
=2 å ç 2 - ÷
è 2 r - 2 r + 1 2 r2 + 2 r + 1 ø
r =1
R
æ 1 1 1 1 1 1 ö
= 2 ç1 - + - + -K+ - ÷
è 5 5 13 13 481 545 ø
æ 1 ö 1088
= 2 ç1 - ÷=
è 545 ø 545
5 + (n - 1 )4
15. Q Tn =
p [(r22 - r12) + (r42 - r32) + ... + 2
(r100 - 2
r99 )] [3 + (n - 1 )4]2 [7 + (n - 1 )4]2
= p (r1 + r2 + r3 + r4 + . . . + r100 ) 1ì 1 1 ü
= í - ý
[Q r2 - r1 = r4 - r3 = . . . = r100 - r99 = 1 ] 8 î (4n - 1 )2 (4n + 3)2þ
= p (1 + 2 + 3 + . . . + r100 ) \ S n = T1 + T2 + K + Tn
= 5050p sq cm 1ì1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ü
= í 2 - 2 + 2 - 2 + 2 -K + 2
- 2ý
¥ 8 î3 7 7 11 11 (4n - 1 ) (4n + 3) þ
12. Since, x= å cos 2n q
1ì1 1 ü 1 æ1 ö 1
n=0
= í 2- 2ý
Þ S¥ = ç - 0÷ =
Þ 0
x = cos q + cos q + cos q + . . . ¥ 2 4 8 î3 (4n + 3) þ 8 è9 ø 72
which is an infinite GP with first term 1 and common xm yn 1
16. Consider, =
ratio cos 2 q such that 0 £ cos 2 q £ 1 (1 + x )(1 + y2n ) (xm + x-m )( yn + y- n )
2m
1
\ x= [sum of an infinite GP] By using AM ³ GM (because x, y Î R+ ), we get
1 - cos 2 q
(xm + x-m ) ³ 2 and ( yn + y- n ) ³ 2
1 1
Þ x= …(i) [Q if x > 0, then x +
³ 2]
sin 2 q x
1 1
1 Þ (xm + x-m )( yn + y- n ) ³ 4 Þ m £
Similarly, y = …(ii) (x + x-m )( yn + y- n ) 4
cos 2 q
1
1 \ Maximum value = .
and z= …(iii) 4
1 - cos q sin 2 q
2
On substituting respective values of x, y, z in the given 17. The general term is

n n+1
options, we get the option (b) is correct. ×
2 2 1 1 1
13. Since, S n = an (n - 1 ) Tn = 3 = = -
1 + 2 + 33 + K + n3
3
n (n + 1 ) n n + 1
Now, nth term of the series is 1 n
Tn = S n - S n - 1 \ Sn = 1 - =
n+1 n+1
Þ Tn = an (n - 1 ) - a (n - 1 )(n - 2)
18. S n = cn 2
Þ Tn = a (n - 1 )[n - (n - 2)] = 2a (n - 1 )
Again, let the sum of squares of n terms of the series is S n - 1 = c (n - 1 )2 = cn 2 + c - 2cn
S1 such that Tn = 2cn - c
n Tn2 = (2cn - c)2 = 4c2n 2 + c2 - 4c2n
S = T12 + T22 + T32 + ... + Tn2 = å Tr2
Sum = S Tn2
r =1
n 4c2 + n (n + 1 ) (2n + 1 )
= + nc2 - 2c2n (n + 1 )
Þ S= å { 2a (r - 1 )}2 6
r =1
2c2 n (n + 1 ) (2n + 1 ) + 3nc2 - 6c2 n (n + 1 )
n =
3
Þ S= å 4a 2(r - 1 )2
nc2 (4n 2 + 6n + 2 + 3 - 6n - 6) nc2 (4n 2 - 1 )
r =1 = =
3 3
é1 ù
Þ S = 4a 2 ê (n - 1 )n{2(n - 1 ) + 1 )}ú
ë6 û 19. Let the three-digit number be xyz. According to the
given condition, we have
2a 2
\ S= n (n - 1 )(2n - 1 ) y2 = xz …(i)
3 2( y + 2) = x + z …(ii)
2
Þ 100x + 10 y + z - 792 = 100z + 10 y + x æ 10 ´ 11 ö æ 10 ´ 11 ´ 21 ö
Þ 11 - 8 ç ÷ +4ç ÷ = a - 220 b
Þ x- z =8 …(iii) è 2 ø è 6 ø
On squaring Eqs. (ii) and (iii) and subtracting, we have 10 ´ 11 æ 10 ´ 11 21 ö
4xz = 4( y + 2)2 - 64 Þ 11 - ´4 ç ´2 - ÷ = a - 220 b
2 è 2 3ø
Þ y2 = ( y + 2)2 - 16 [using Eq. (i)]
Þ 11 - (20 ´ 11)(110 - 7) = a - 220 b
Þ y=3
Þ x + z = 10 [using Eq. (ii)] Þ 11 - 220(103) = a - 220 b
Þ x = 9, z = 1 Þ a = 11 and b = 103
Hence, the number is 931 = 72 ´ 19. Þ (a , b ) = (11, 103)
20. a1 + a3 + a5 = - 12 Hence, option (d) is correct.
a + a + 2d + a + 4d = - 12(d > 0) 24. First three terms of an AP are given as
a + 2d = - 4 …(i) 32sin 2a - 1, 14, 34 - 2sin 2a
a1a3 a5 = 80
32sin 2a 34
a (a + 2d )(a + 4d ) = 80 \ 28 = + 2sin 2a
3 3
or a (-4)(-4 - 2d + 4d ) = 80 [from Eq. (i)]
or (-4 - 2d )(-4 + 2d ) = - 20 Þ d = ± 3 Let, 32sin 2a = x
Since, AP is increasing, so d = + 3; a = - 10. x 81
So, 28 = +
a1 = - 10; a 2 = - 7 ü 3 x
ï Þ x2 - 84x + 243 = 0
Hence, a3 = a + 2d = - 10 + 6 = - 4ý
a5 = a + 4d = - 10 + 8 = - 2ïþ
2
Þ x - 81x - 3x + 243 = 0
a Þ (x - 81)(x - 3) = 0 Þ x = 3, 81
21. Let the three terms of GP are , a , ar.
r Þ 32sin 2a = 31 or 34 Þ 2 sin 2 a = 1 or 4
a 1
As, it is given that ´ a ´ ar = 27 Þ a = 3 Þ sin 2 a = [Q sin 2 a Î [-1, 1]]
r 2
a æ 1 + r + r2 ö So, first three terms of given AP are 1, 14, 27
and S = + a + ar Þ S = 3 ç ÷
r è r ø \ Sixth term, a 6 = 1 + (6 - 1)13 = 1 + 65 = 66
2
Þ 3r + (3 - S ) r + 3 = 0 [Q r ¹ 0] 25. Given series is
Q r ÎR S = log(71/ 2 ) x + log(71/ 3 ) x + log(71/ 4 ) x + ..... + upto 20 terms
2
\ D ³ 0 Þ (3 - S ) - 4 (3) (3) ³ 0 Þ S = 2 log7 x + 3 log7 x + 4 log7 x + ....+ upto 20 terms
Þ (3 - S - 6) (3 - S + 6) ³ 0 Þ S = (2 + 3 + 4 + .... + 21) log7 x = 460 [given]
Þ (S + 3) (S - 9) ³ 0 Þ S Î (-¥ , - 3] È [9, ¥ ) æ 21 ´ 22 ö
Þ ç – 1÷ log7 x = 460
22. Let, l = 210 + 29 × 31 + 28 × 32 + …… + 2 × 39 + 310 …(i) è 2 ø
3 3 11 Þ (231 – 1) log7 x = 460

So, l = 29 × 31 + 28 × 32 + ¼¼ + 310 + …(ii)
2 2 Þ log7 x = 2 Þ x = 72
Subtracting Eq. (ii) from Eq. (i), we get 26. The natural numbers between 100 and 200 are 101, 102,
1 311 103, …, 199.
- l = 210 -
2 2 Since, 91 = 13 ´ 7, so the natural numbers between 100
and 200 whose HCF with 91 is more than 1 are the
Þ l = 311 - 211
numbers which are either divisible by 7 or 13.
Q l = 210 + 29 × 31 + 28 × 32 + ¼ +
So, the required sum of numbers between 100 and 200
2 × 39 + 310 = S - 211 [given]
= (sum of numbers divisible by 7)
\ 311 - 211 = S - 211
+ (sum of numbers divisible by 13)
Þ S = 311
- (sum of numbers divisible by 91)
23. Given series is 14 8
1 + (1 - 22 × 1) + (1 - 42 × 3) + (1 - 62 × 5) + ... = å (98 + 7r ) + å (91 + 13r ) - (182)
r =1 r =1
+ (1 - 202 × 19) = a - 220 b
10 æ 14 ´ 15 ö æ8 ´9ö
= (98 ´ 14) + 7ç ÷ + (91 ´ 8) +13 ç ÷ - (182)
Þ 1+ å [1 - (2n )2(2n - 1)] = a - 220 b è 2 ø è 2 ø
n =1
= 1372 + 735 + 728 + 468 - 182
10 10
Þ 1 + 10 - 8 å n3 + 4 å n 2 = a - 220 b = 3303 - 182 = 3121
n =1 n =1
20
æ1ö 1 2 3 4 20 1 n-7
27. Let S = å kçè 2k ÷ø ÞS = 2 + 22 + 23 + + ¼ + 20 …(i) Þ [2a1 + (n - 1)d ] = 50 + A
2 4
2 2 2
k =1
1 æ 7 ö n
æ1ö Þ [2a1 + nd - d ] = ç50 - A ÷ + A
On multiplying by ç ÷ both sides, we get 2 è 2 ø 2
è2ø
æ d ö nd æ 7 ö n
S 1 2 3 19 20 Þ ç a1 - ÷ + = ç50 - A ÷ + A
= + + + ¼ + 20 + 21 …(ii) è 2ø 2 è 2 ø 2
2 22 23 24 2 2
On comparing corresponding term, we get
On subtracting Eq. (ii) from Eq. (i), we get
d 7
S 1 1 1 1 20 d = A and a1 - = 50 - A
S - = + 2 + 3 + ¼ + 20 - 21 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
A 7
1æ 1 ö Þ a1 - = 50 - A [Q d = A]
ç1 - 20 ÷ 2 2
S 2è 2 ø 20
Þ = - 21 Þ a1 = 50 - 3 A
2 1 2
1-
2 é a (1 - r n ) ù So a50 = a1 + 49d
êQ sum of GP = , r < 1ú = (50 - 3 A ) + 49 A [Q d = A]
ë 1-r û
1 20 1 10 11 = 50 + 46 A
= 1 - 20 - 21 = 1 - 20 - 20 = 1 - 20
2 2 2 2 2 Therefore, (d , a50 ) = ( A , 50 + 46 A )
11 30. Given, f (x + y) = f (x) × f ( y)
Þ S = 2 - 19
2
Let f (x) = lx [where l > 0]
28. 0.7 + 0.77 + 0.777 + … + upto 20 terms Q f (1) = 2 (given)
7 77 777
= + + + ¼ + upto 20 terms \ l =2
10 102 103 10 10 æ 10 ö
é1 11 111 ù So, S f (a + k) = S la+ k = la ç S lk ÷
=7ê + + + ¼ + upto 20 terms ú k =1 k =1 è k=1 ø
ë 10 102 103 û
= 2a [21 + 22 + 23 + ......+210 ]
7é9 99 999 ù
= ê + + + ¼ + upto 20 terms ú é 2(210 - 1) ù
9 ë 10 100 1000 û = 2a ê ú
7 éæ 1ö æ 1 ö æ 1 ö ë 2 -1 û
= ê çè1 - 10 ÷ø + çè1 - 102 ÷ø + çè1 - 103 ÷ø [by using formula of sum of n-terms of a GP having
9 ë first term ‘a’ and common ratio ‘r’, is
+¼+ upto 20 terms]
7 a (r n - 1) ù
= (1 + 1 +¼+ +¼+ upto 20 terms) Sn = , where r > 1ú
9 r -1 û
æ1 1 1 öù
-ç + + +¼+ upto 20 terms ÷ ú
è 10 102 103 øû Þ 2a+ 1 (210 - 1) = 16 (210 - 1) (given)
Þ 2a+ 1 = 16 = 24 Þ a + 1 = 4 Þ a = 3
é 1 ìï æ 1 ö üï ù
20
ê í1 - çè ÷ø ý ú 31. We have, S n = 1 + q + q2 + ¼ + qn
7ê 10 ïî 10 ïþ ú
= ê20 - ú æ q + 1ö æ q + 1ö æ q + 1ö
2 n
9 1 and Tn = 1 + ç ÷+ç ÷ + ¼+ ç ÷
ê 1- ú è 2 ø è 2 ø è 2 ø
ê 10 ú
ë û Also, we have
é a (1 - r n ) ù 101
êQ Sn = , where 1 > rú C1 + 101C 2S1 + 101C3S 2 + ¼ + 101C101S100 = aT100
êë 1- r úû
101 101 101
Þ C1 + C 2(1 + q) + C3 (1 + q + q2)
7é 1 ìï æ 1 ö üï ù
20
= ê20 - í1 - ç ÷ ý ú + ¼+ 101
C101 (1 + q + q2 + ¼ + q100)
9ê 9 ïî è 10 ø ï ú
ë þû
= a × T100
7 é 179 1 æ 1 ö 20 ù (1 - q2) 101 æ 1 - q3 ö
= ê + ç ÷ ú Þ 101
C1 + 101
C2 + C3 ç ÷
9 êë 9 9 è 10 ø úû 1-q è1-qø
7 æ 1 - q4 ö æ 1 - q101 ö
= (179 + 10- 20 ) + 101C 4 ç ÷ + ¼ + 101C101 ç ÷
81 è1-qø è 1-q ø
29. Given AP, is a1 , a 2, a3 ,… having sum of first n-terms æ 1 - rn ö
= a × T100 [Q for a GP, S n = a ç ÷, r ¹ 1 ]
=
n
[2a1 + (n - 1)d ] è1-r ø
2 1
[where, d is the common difference of AP] Þ [{101C1 + 101
C2 + ¼ + 101
C101 }
n (n - 7) 1-q
= 50n + A (given)
2 - {101C1q + 101
C 2q2 + ¼ + 101 C101 q101 }] = a × T100
1 Þ ar 2 + ar3 = 16 Þ ar 2(1 + r ) = 16 …(ii)

Þ [(2101 - 1) - ((1 + q)101 - 1)] = aT100
(1 - q) From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
[Q nC 0 + nC1 + ¼ + nC n = 2n] r 2 = 4 Þ r = ±2 …(iii)
101 101
2 - (q + 1) From Eqs. (i) and (iii), we get
Þ =a
1-q 4
a = > 0 (rejected), if r = 2 and a = - 4 < 0, if r = - 2
é q + 1 æ q + 1ö
2
æ q + 1ö ù
100 3
ê1 + +ç ÷ + ¼+ ç ÷ ú 9
è 2 ø è 2 ø ú
êë 2 û Now, å ai = a1 + a 2 + a3 + ...... + a 9
i =1
é æ q + 1ö ù
101
-4((-2)9 - 1) 4
ê 1-ç ÷ ú = = - (512 + 1)
2101
- (q + 1) 101
è 2 ø ú -2 - 1 3
Þ = a ê1 ×
1-q ê q+1 ú 4
1- = - (513) = 4l (given)
ê 2 ú 3
ë û
q+1 Þ l = - 171
[Q q ¹ 1 Þ q + 1 ¹ 2 Þ ¹1]
2 34. Given series of 40 terms is
a [2101 - (q + 1)101 ] 3 + 4 + 8 + 9 + 13 + 14 + 18 + 19 + ¼+ upto 40 terms
= Þ a = 2100
(1 - q) × 2100 = (3 + 8 + 13 + 18 + ¼ + upto 20 terms)
13 + 23 13 + 23 + 33 + (4 + 9 + 14 + 19 + ¼ + upto 20 terms)
32. Given series, S = 1 + + + ... + 20 20
1+2 1+2+3 = [(2 ´ 3) + (20 - 1)5] + [(2 ´ 4) + (20 - 1)5]
2 2
13 + 23 + 33 + K + 153 1
- (1 + 2 + 3 + K + 15) Q Sum of first n-terms of AP.
1 + 2 + 3 + K + 15 2 n
S n = [2a + (n - 1)d ]
= S1 - S 2 (let) 2
13 + 23 13 + 23 + 33 = 10[6 + (19 ´ 5)] + 10[8 + (19 ´ 5)]
where, S1 = 1 + + +K+
1+2 1+2+3 = 60 + 950 + 80 + 950 = 2040 = 102 m (given)
13 + 23 + 33 + K + 153 Þ m = 20
1 + 2 + 3 + K + 15
2 35. General term of the given series is
æ n (n + 1) ö
15 ç ÷ 3r (12 + 22 + K + r 2) 3r [r (r + 1) (2r + 1)]
15 3
1 + 23 + K + n3 è 2 ø Tr = =
= å = å 2r + 1 6(2r + 1)
n =1 1 + 2 + K + n n =1
n (n + 1 )
1 3
2 = (r + r 2)
é 2
n (n + 1) ù
n 2 n
æ n (n + 1) ö 15 15
êQ å r3 = ç ÷ and å r = ú 1
êë r = 1 è 2 ø r =1 2 úû
Now, required sum = å Tr = 2 å (r3 + r 2)
r =1 r =1
15 15
n (n + 1) 1 1 ïì é n (n + 1) ù n (n + 1) (2n + 1)ïü
2
= å = å (n 2
+ n) = íê + ý
2 2 2 îï ë ú
û
n =1 n =1 2 6 þï n = 15
1 é 15 ´ 16 ´ 31 15 ´ 16 ù
= + 1 ìï n (n + 1) é n 2 + n 2n + 1 ùüï
2 êë 6 2 úû = í ê + úý
2 ïî 2 ë 2 3 ûïþ
é n n (n + 1)(2n + 1) ù n = 15
êQ å r 2= ú 1 ì n (n + 1) (3n 2 + 7n + 2)ü
êë r = 1 6 úû = í ý
2î 2 6 þ n = 15
1
= [(5 ´ 8 ´ 31) + (15 ´ 8)]
2 1 15 ´ 16 (3 ´ 225 + 105 + 2)
= ´ ´ = 7820
= (5 ´ 4 ´ 31) + (15 ´ 4) = 620 + 60 = 680 2 2 6
æ1 1 1 ö
1 1 15 ´ 16 log 2. 5 ç + + + ... to ¥÷
and S 2 = (1 + 2 + 3 + K + 15) = ´ = 60 36. Since, (0.16) è3 3 2 3 3 ø
2 2 2
æ 1/3 ö æ1 ö
Therefore, S = S1 - S 2 = 680 - 60 = 620 log 2.5 çç ÷÷ log 2.5 ç ÷
è 1 - 1/3 ø è 2ø
= (0.16) = (0.16)
33. Let first term and common ratio of given GP a1 , a 2, a3 ,
log 2.5 ( 2) -1 log 22.5
… are a1 = a < 0 and ‘r’ respectively. 16 æ 100 ö
= =ç ÷
Now, a1 + a 2 = 4 (given) 100 è 16 ø
Þ a + ar = 4 Þ a (1 + r ) = 4 …(i) æ 10 ö
2 log 2.5 2
log 2.5 22
a3 + a 4 = 16 (given) =ç ÷ = (2.5) = 22 = 4
è4ø
37. The 4th AM out of m AMs inserted between 3 and 243 is 40. The terms, which are common in above A.P.s are also in
243 - 3 an AP have common difference = LCM { d1 , d2}
A4 = 3 + 4 …(i)
m+1 (where d1 and d2 are common differences of given two
and the 2nd GM out of three GMs inserted between 3 APs)
æ 1 ö2 and LCM {4, 7} = 28 = d (let)
ç æ 243 ö 3 +1÷ 1/ 2 Now, let mth term of first AP is first common term of
and 243 is G2 = 3 ç ç ÷ ÷ = 3(81) = 27
è 3 ø second AP, which is nth term of second AP.
è ø
So, 3 + (m - 1)4 = 2 + (n - 1)7
æ 240 ö
Q A4 = G 2 Þ 3 + 4 ç ÷ = 27 Þ 4m - 1 = 7n - 5 Þ 7n - 4m = 4
èm + 1ø So, m = 6 and n = 4
æ 240 ö
Þ 4 ç ÷ = 24 Þ m + 1 = 40 Þ m = 39 So, first term which is common, is 3 + (6 - 1)4 = 23
èm + 1ø Now, let there are p terms common to the two given
20 APs, so 23 + ( p - 1)28 £ 407
38. The sum å (1 + 2 + 3 + ¼ + k) Þ 28 p £ 412 Þ p £ 14 . 7
k =1
20
k(k + 1) 1 20 2 So, p = 14, therefore 14 terms are common to the two
= å 2
= å (k + k)
2 k =1
given APs.
k =1
41. Given, 4x2 - 9x + 5 = 0
1 é 20(20 + 1)(40 + 1) 20(20 + 1) ù
= ê + úû Þ (x - 1) (4x - 5) = 0
2ë 6 2
5
1
= [(10 ´ 7 ´ 41) + (10 ´ 21)] Þ AM = , GM = 1 [Q AM > GM ]
2 4
Again, for the series
= 5[287 + 21] = 5 ´ 308 = 1540
7 - 16, 8, - 4, 2 ......
n (n + 1)(2n + 1)
39. The sum, å 4 æ -1 ö
p -1
n =1 pth term t p = - 16 ç ÷
è 2 ø
1 7 1 7
= å
4 n =1
n (2n 2 + 3n + 1) = å (2n3 + 3n 2 + n )
4 n =1 æ -1 ö
q -1
qth term tq = - 16 ç ÷
è 2 ø
1é
2
æ 7 ´ (7 + 1) ö 7(7 + 1)(14 + 1) 7(7 + 1) ù
t p + tq
= ê2 ´ ç ÷ +3 + úû 5
4 êë è 2 ø 6 2 Now, AM = = and GM = t ptq = 1
2 2
1 p+ q-2
= [2 ´ (7 ´ 4)2 + (28 ´ 15) + (7 ´ 4)] æ 1ö
4 Þ 162 ç - ÷ =1
è 2ø
= (8 ´ 49) + (7 ´ 15) + 7 = 7 [56 + 15 + 1]
= 7(56 + 16) Þ (- 2)8 = (- 2)( p + q - 2)
= 7 ´ 72 = 504 Þ p + q = 10

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03

Sol. (c) Let the common difference of AP,

= a1 + ( a1 + 5d) + ( a1 + 10d) + ( a1 + 15d) (a) 42 (b) 57 (c) 52 (d) 47

From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get Important Results Related to AP

Þ 5(25 - d 2)(25 - 4d 2) = 2520 times of arithmetic mean of a and b

In other words, if a1 , a2 , a3 , ... , an are in GP, then 5

Note to (JEE Main 2020)

• If a, b, c are in AP, as well as in GP, then a = b = c . Þ a3 + a5 + a7 + K + a201 = 200

From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get = [ x2 + x3 + x4 + ... ] - [y 2 + y3 + y 4 + .... ]

Example 15. If ax3 + bx 2 + cx + d is divisible by ax 2 + c , Geometric Mean

Þ (3 - S - 6) (3 - S + 6) ³ 0 Sol. (b) Given, m is the AM of l and n

Let G1 , G2 , . . . , Gn ; n geometric means are inserted 3 4 ænö 4

General Term of AP 8. A carpenter was hired to build 192 window frames.

AP is (JEE Main 2019) 7

66. The sum of n terms of the series 75. The sum of

85. The product of n positive numbers is unity. n (n + 1)(n + 2) n (n + 1)

annual instalment of ` 1000 with 10% per annum

xm yn 24. If 32 sin 2 a-1, 14 and 34 - 2 sin 2 a are the first three

a real number and q ¹ 1. 15 (12 + 2 2 + . . . + 5 2 )

equal to (JEE Main 2020)

Þ n 2 + 4n - 192 = 0 1æ1 1 ö 4000

16. Q a 2, b2, c2 are in AP. Þ a1 + 5d = 0 …(i)

13 æ n ö Þ 2na + 2n [6n - 1] = 1000

37. Since, a , b, c are in GP. Þ (ap - b)2 + (bp - c)2 + (cp - d )2 = 0

44. Let A be the arithmetic mean between two numbers a

(ap - b)2 + (bp - c)2 + (cp - d )2 = 0 Þ (log b)2 = log a × log c

or (a + d )2 = ± a (a + 2d ) 62. Let the numbers be x and y.

Þ 1 + r + r 2 = xr … (i) [Q a ¹ 0] Since, å f (x) = 2, so,|a | < 1

79. We have, 1 + cos a + cos 2 a + K ¥ = 2 - 2 1

= ab - bc = b(a - c) …(vi) 90. Given series is 1 × 32 + 2 × 52 + 3 × 72 + ... ¥

r 2(r + 1 )2 98. Let S n = 1 × 3 × 5 + 2 × 5 × 8 + 3 × 7 × 11 + . . . + nth term

b2 2c -16 + 34d - 15d 2 = 0

On substituting respective values of x, y, z in the given 17. The general term is

3 3 11 Þ (231 – 1) log7 x = 460

1 Þ ar 2 + ar3 = 16 Þ ar 2(1 + r ) = 16 …(ii)

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