L14.

Resonance tube:
A set of five tuning forks of known frequencies is given to you. Find the correct length
of air column vibrating in unison with each tuning fork.
Hence determine the velocity of sound in air at room temperature.

Diagram :

Formula:

Observation :
End Correction e = 0.3 d = 0.3 x _____cm.

Obs Frequency Length of air columns Corrected nL

no n (Hz) length =
L=𝑙+𝑒
𝑙1 𝑙2 Mean 𝑙
1
2
3
4
5

Log Calculation Table:

Obs log n =a log L = b a -b = c Antilog c = nL

No
1
2
3
4
5
Calculation:
Mean nL = _________Hz-cm (add all ‘nL’ values and divide it by 5)

Velocity of sound, v = 4 x(nL)mean

=4 x _____
= ______ cm/s.

Result :
v = ______cm/s
L15. Resonance tube:
You are given four tuning forks on known frequencies and one of unknown frequency.
Determine the correct length (L) of air column vibrating in unison with each tuning fork.
plot a graph of frequency (n) against reciprocal of correct length of air column (1/L).
Hence find the velocity of sound in air at room temperature.
Diagram :

Formula:

Observation :
End Correction = e = 0.3 d = 0.3 x _____cm.

Obs Frequency Length of air columns Corrected 1/L

no n (Hz) length =
L=𝑙+𝑒
𝑙1 𝑙2 Mean 𝑙
1
2
3
4
5
Graph :
1/L v/s n
Calculation:
𝑋2−𝑋1
nL = 1/slope = 𝑌2−𝑌1

=
=
=______Hz-cm
Velocity of sound v = 4x nL =______=______cm/s
Result : v = _____cm/s.
L18.Current sensitivity of table galvanometer:
Measure the deflection in the table galvanometer for five different values of currents
flowing through it. Hence determine the current sensitivity (S) of the given table
galvanometer. Given: a) E = …….. V b) G = ……... Ω

Diagram :

Formula:

Observation:

Log calculation table:

1 2 3 4

Log 𝜃 = a

Log Ig(𝜇𝐴)= b

a-b =c

Si=(antilog c )x106
Calculation:
Mean Si=__________ (add all Sivalues and divide it by 4)

Result :
Si= _____ div/A
L19.Current sensitivity of table galvanometer:
Measure the deflection of the table galvanometer for five different values ofcurrent flowing through it.
Plot a graph of deflection of galvanometer in divisionθ against current ‘I g’. Calculate the sensitivity (S)
of the table galvanometer fromthe graph.
Given: a)E= ……..V b)G = ................. Ω

Diagram :

Formula:

Observation:

Graph: 𝜽 v/s Ig
Si= slope =

Result :
Si= _____ div/A
 L22.Meterbridge:(Lawofresistances)
Aim:Youare given tworesistances X1and X2.
Connect the two resistances in parallel combination using Wheatstone’s bridge. Take
three independent readings for null point.
Connect the two resistances in series combination using Wheatstone’sbridge.Take three
independent readings for null point.
Hence determine the values of Xs and Xp.
Formula:

Log Calculation Table: Series combination

Mean Xs =……. Ω
Log Calculation Table:parallel combination

Mean Xp =……. Ω

Calculation:
Theoretical Series combination: Xs = X1 + X2
= ______
=_______Ω

𝑋 𝑋
Theoretical Parallel combination: Xp = 𝑋 1+𝑋2
1 2

= _____

=_____

=_____Ω

Result :

Theoretical Series combination: Xs =_____Ω

Experimental Series combination Xs =_____Ω

Theoretical Parallel combination: Xp =_____Ω

Experimental Parallel combination Xp =_____Ω

L23.Kelvin’s method:
Aim: Determine the resistance of the galvanometer (G) byKelvin’s method. Takethree
sets of independent readings. Repeat the experiment by interchanging thepositions ofthe
galvanometerandthe resistancebox.
Result : G = ______Ω
L24. Potentiometer:( E1/E2)
Compare the e.m.f.s. of two given cells using a potentiometer, by connecting them
separately. Take five sets of observations. Hence determine the e.m.f of cell E2. Given:
e.m.f. of cell E1 = ……… volt.
Log Calculation Table:
1 2 3 4
log l1= a
log l2 = b
a-b = c
Antilog c =
E1/E2

Mean E1/E2 = ______

E
Calculation: E2 = (𝐸1/𝐸2)1 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛

= ______
=_______ volt

Result : E1/E2 = ______

E2 =_______ volt
L25.E1/E2usingpotentiometer:
Compare the e.m.f.s. of twogiven cells using a potentiometer by connecting them
separately. Take five sets of observations. Hence determine E1/E2.
Given: e.m.f. of cell E2=………volt
Log Calculation Table:
1 2 3 4
log l1= a
log l2 = b
a-b = c
Antilog c =
E1/E2
Mean E1/E2 = ______
𝐸1
Calculation: E1 = (𝐸2) 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 × E2

. = ______
=_______ volt

Result : E1/E2 = ______

E1 =_______ volt
28. Potentiometer(Internalresistance):
Aim: Determine the internal resistance (r) of the given cell by using potentiometer.
Take five sets of readings.

Formula:
𝑅(𝐿1 – 𝐿2 )
𝑟 =
𝐿2

Where R = shunt resistance

𝐿1 = 𝑏𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑠ℎ𝑢𝑛𝑡

𝐿2 = 𝑏𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑠ℎ𝑢𝑛𝑡

Internal resistance
Obs Shunt resistance Balancing length (𝐿1 – 𝐿2 )
r ( in Ω).
no.
R L2

5
 Log Calculation Table:

1 2 3 4 5
Log 𝑅 = a
𝐿𝑜𝑔 (𝐿1 − 𝐿2 ) = b
a+b = c
𝐿𝑜𝑔 𝐿2 = 𝑑
c- d = e
r = antilog e

Mean r = ______Ω
L30.Zenerdiode:
Plot the characteristics of zener diode when the diode is used in reverse bias mode.
Hence find the break down voltage of the zener diode.

Observation:
Least count of miliammeter = ____mA
Least count of voltmeter = _____volt
Observation Table:

Obs Voltage V (volt) Current I (mA)

no

10

11

12

13

14

Graph : V v/s I

Result : Zener breakdown voltage Vz =______volt

L31. Logicgates:
You are given three TTL ICs for OR, AND, NAND gates. Draw symbolic diagrams to illustrate
functions of the above gates. Write the truth tables for all these gates. Determine the output for
all possible values of input for each and verify the truth tables.

Truth Table Observation Table

Input Output Input Output (volt)

A B Y A B Y

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 1 1 0 5 5

1 0 1 5 0 5

1 1 1 5 5 5

Truth Table Observation Table

Input Output Input Output (volt)

A B Y
A B Y
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 1 0
0 5 0
1 0 0
5 0 0
1 1 1
5 5 5
Truth Table Observation Table

Input Output Input Output (volt)

A B Y A B Y

0 0 1 0 0 5

0 1 1 0 5 5

1 0 1 5 0 5

1 1 0 5 5 0

Result :

Truth Tables of given logic gates are verified.

L32.Logic gates:
YouaregiventhreeTTLICsforNOT, NOR,NANDgates.
Draw symbolic diagrams to illustrate functions of the above gates. Writethetruth tables for all
these gates. Determine the output for all possible values ofinput foreachandverifythetruthtables.

Observation Table

Input Output (volt)

A Y

0 5

1 0
Observation Table

Input Output
(volt)

A B Y

0 0 5

0 5 0

5 0 0

5 5 0
Truth Table Observation Table

Input Output Input Output (volt)

A B Y A B Y

0 0 1 0 0 5

0 1 1 0 5 5

1 0 1 5 0 5

1 1 0 5 5 0

Result :

Truth Tables of given logic gates are verified.