GASTRITIS

PRESENTED BY: GROUP 3

 GASTRITIS
Inflammation of the stomach mucosa that may be
acute or chronic and may be nonerosive or
erosive.

Weaknesses or injury to the mucus-lined barrier

that protects the stomach wall allows digestive
juices to damage and inflame the stomach lining.
 TYPES OF GASTRITIS
Acute Gastritis- short-lived without any long-
term damage
Chronic Gastritis – long-term damage to the
gastric mucosa
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
 INCIDENCE
Chronic Gastritis:
The incidence of new cases of H. pylori infection
each year ranges from 3,000 to 10,000 per
100,000 individuals in developing countries.
The incidence of new cases of H. pylori infection
each year is around 500 per 100,000
individuals in developed countries.
It has been observed that with advancing age,
the incidence of H. pylori infection increases.
 PREVALENCE

Acute Gastritis:
The prevalence of eosinophilic gastritis is approximately 6.3 per 100,000 individuals
worldwide.
 ETIOLOGY
Gastrointestinal bacterial infection- H. pylori, a bacterium that infects the lining of
the stomach.
Bile reflux- the valve doesn’t close properly, and bile washes back into the stomach,
leading to inflammation of the stomach lining.
Stress
Smoking
Excessive alcohol use
 CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

ACUTE GASTRITIS CHRONIC GASTRITIS

Epigastric pain or discomfort Belching
Dyspepsia Early satiety
Anorexia Intolerance of spicy or fatty food
Hiccups Nausea and vomiting
Nausea and vomiting Pyrosis
Hematemesis Sour taste in mouth
Melena or hematochezia Vague epigastric discomfort
relieved by eating
RISK FACTORS
Prolonged NSAID use, aspirin, corticosteroids
H. pylori, smoking
Radiation,
Excessive psychological stress
Bile reflux disease
and autoimmune disease (SLE and RA)
Excessive alcohol use
Age
Vitamin B12 defiency
Chemotherapy
 GNOSTIC TES
DIA TS
 CBC: check for anemia -
01
decreased Hct and
decreased Hgb

Urea Breath Test: measure H. pylori

H. pylori can be detected through tests like

stool or breath tests. The breath test involves
drinking a tasteless liquid containing
radioactive carbon, which is broken down by
02 H. pylori bacteria in the stomach. The sample
is then blown into a bag, and if infected, the
carbon is present in the breath.
 ENDOSCOPY
Endoscopy is a diagnostic
procedure where a flexible
tube with a lens is passed
down the throat to examine
the upper digestive system
for signs of inflammation. It
may be recommended as a
first test for H. pylori, and if
a suspicious area is found, a
biopsy may be taken for
laboratory examination.
X-RAY
Sometimes called a barium
swallow or upper
gastrointestinal series, this
series of X-rays creates
images of your esophagus,
stomach and small intestine
to look for anything unusual.
To make an ulcer more
visible, you may swallow a
white, metallic liquid
(containing barium) that
coats your digestive tract.
 MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
1. Proton Pump Inhibitors- works by blocking cells that create stomach acid. (e.g.,
Omeprazole, Lanzoprazole)
2. Histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2 Blockers- reduces the amount of acid in the
stomach. (e.g., Famotidine, Cimetidine)
3. Antacids- for rapid relief of gastritis pain, can neutralize the acid in the stomach.
4. IV Fluids
SURGICAL
MANAGEMENT
Gastric resection or
gastrojejunostomy may be
necessary to treat plyloric
obstruction..
 NURSING
DIAGNOSIS
Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements
related to insufficient absorption of nutrients
Acute Pain related to inflammation of the gastric
lining
Risk for Deficient Fluid Volume related to vomiting and
gastric bleeding.
Knowledge Deficit related to unfamiliarity with the
disease process
Risk for impaired skin integrity related to prolonged
use of NSAIDs.
 NURSING
INTERVENTION
Pain Management: Administer prescribed medications to reduce gastric acidity and pain.
(antacids, H2 blockers, proton pump inhibitors)
Monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance: Encourage oral fluid intake and administer IV
fluids as prescribed to prevent dehydration and maintain electrolyte balance.
Dietary Management: Advise small, frequent meals and avoidance of irritant food (spicy,
acidic, or fried food) to help reduce gastric irritation and manage symptoms.
Stress Management: Encourage relaxation techniques and, if necessary, refer to a
counselor or psychologist.
Patient Education: Educate patient about the importance of medication adherence,
dietary modifications, and avoiding NSAIDs and alcohol.