Cancer is a disease caused by uncontrolled cell growth.

Normal cells grow and divide in a controlled manner to replace old or damaged
cells.
In cancer, cells grow and divide abnormally, forming masses of tissue called
tumors.
Tumors can be benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Malignant tumors can invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body
(metastasis).
Speaker Notes
Cancer is not a single disease, but rather a collection of related diseases each
characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. This abnormal growth can occur in almost
any part of the body. While benign tumors pose no threat, malignant tumors have the
potential to spread and cause significant harm.

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Types of Cancer

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There are over 200 different types of cancer.

They are classified based on the type of cell they originate from.
The most common types are:
Carcinoma: Starts in the skin or tissues lining organs (e.g., breast cancer, lung
cancer, colon cancer)
Sarcoma: Starts in connective tissues (e.g., bone cancer, muscle cancer)
Leukemia: Starts in blood-forming tissues (e.g., acute lymphoblastic leukemia,
chronic myeloid leukemia)
Lymphoma: Starts in the immune system (e.g., Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's
lymphoma)
Central nervous system cancers: Starts in the brain and spinal cord
Speaker Notes
The wide variety of cancers reflects the diverse cell types found in the human
body. Each type of cancer has its own unique characteristics, risk factors,
symptoms, and treatment approaches. Understanding the specific type of cancer is
crucial for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment planning.

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Causes of Cancer

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The exact causes of cancer are complex and not fully understood.
However, several factors can increase the risk of developing cancer, including:
Genetic mutations: Changes in genes that control cell growth and division
Lifestyle factors: Smoking, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, excessive alcohol
consumption
Environmental factors: Exposure to radiation, certain chemicals, and viruses
Medical conditions: Chronic inflammation, hormonal imbalances, certain infections
Speaker Notes
While some risk factors like genetics are beyond our control, many others are
modifiable through lifestyle changes and preventive measures. Understanding these
risk factors can empower individuals to make informed choices that may reduce their
cancer risk.

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Symptoms of Cancer
Cancer can cause a variety of symptoms, depending on the type and location of the
tumor.
Some common symptoms include:
Unexplained weight loss or gain
Fatigue
Fever
Pain
Swelling
Changes in skin or bowel habits
Bleeding
Unusual lumps or bumps
Speaker Notes
It's important to note that these symptoms can also be caused by other conditions.
However, it's crucial to consult a doctor if you experience any persistent or
concerning symptoms for prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment.