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Before We Are Born E Book: Essentials of Embryology and Birth Defects With STUDENT CONSULT Online Access 9th Edition, (Ebook PDF
Before We Are Born E Book: Essentials of Embryology and Birth Defects With STUDENT CONSULT Online Access 9th Edition, (Ebook PDF
Before We Are Born E Book: Essentials of Embryology and Birth Defects With STUDENT CONSULT Online Access 9th Edition, (Ebook PDF
Albert E. Chudley, MD, FRCPC, FCCMG J. Been, MD, M. Shuurman, MD, and S. Robben, MD
Professor of Pediatrics and Child Health, University Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht,
of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Medical The Netherlands
Director, Program in Genetics and Metabolism, Figure 11-6B
Health Sciences Centre and Winnipeg Regional
Health Authority, Winnipeg, Manitoba, David Bolender, MD
Canada Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and
Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee,
Michael Narvey, MD, FRCPC, FAAP Wisconsin, USA
Section Head, Neonatal Medicine, Health Sciences Figure 15-13A
Centre and St. Boniface Hospital; Associate Professor
of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba,
†
Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Deceased.
vii
viii Contribut o r s
B efore We Are Born has been in print for more than 43 years. This concise work is
based on our larger book, The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology,
Tenth Edition.
The ninth edition of Before We Are Born has been completely updated to reflect current
understanding of clinical human embryology. It provides the essentials of normal and abnor-
mal development. As in earlier editions, clinically oriented materials are highlighted in blue
color (often called blue boxes). Every chapter has been revised thoroughly to reflect new
research findings and their clinical significance, as well as new understanding of the devel-
opmental biology.
This edition follows the official international list of embryological terms (Terminologia
Embryonica, 2013). It is important that physicians, nurses, physician assistants, dentists,
physical and occupational therapists, other health professionals, scientists, and students in
the health professions throughout the world use the same name for each structure.
We have included numerous new color photographs of embryos, fetuses (normal and
abnormal), neonates (newborns), and children. There are also many new diagnostic images:
US (ultrasound), CT (computed tomography) scans, and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
studies of embryos and fetuses.
An important feature of this book is the Clinically Oriented Questions, which appear at
the end of each chapter. In addition, available through Elsevier’s studentconsult.com website,
there are many helpful clinical case studies and questions with answers and explanations.
These will benefit students preparing for USMLE Step 1 and similar examinations.
Accompanying this ninth edition of Before We Are Born is an innovative set of 17 full-
color animations that will assist students in learning the complexities of embryologic devel-
opment. These animations are available at studentconsult.com. High-resolution animations
are available to teachers for their lectures if they have adopted this book or The Developing
Human (consult your Elsevier representative). When one of the animations is especially
relevant to the book’s text, an icon has been added in the margin.
The teratology (studies concerned with birth defects) section has been updated because
the study of abnormal development is required for understanding the causes of birth defects
and how these may be prevented. Molecular aspects of developmental biology have been
highlighted throughout the book, especially in areas that appear promising for clinical
medicine and future research. Moreover, Chapter 20 is devoted exclusively to more detailed
information related to the cellular and molecular basis of embryonic development.
Keith L. Moore
T.V.N. (Vid) Persaud
Mark G. Torchia
xi
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Acknowledgments
Many colleagues and students have made invaluable con- Dr. L. Ross, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy,
tributions to this ninth edition of Before We Are Born. University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston,
We are indebted to the following colleagues (listed alpha- Texas; Dr. Michael A. Rudnicki, Regenerative Medicine
betically) for either critical reviewing of chapters, making Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa,
suggestions for improvement of this book, or providing Ontario; Dr. J. Elliott Scott, Departments of Oral Biology
some of the new figures: Dr. Steve Ahing, Faculty of and Human Anatomy & Cell Science, University of
Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba; Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba; Dr. Gerald S. Smyser,
Dr. David Bolender, Department of Cell Biology, Neuro- formerly of the Altru Health System, Grand Forks, North
biology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Dakota; Dr. Alexandra Stanislavsky, Department of Radi-
Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Professor Margaret Buckingham, ology, Mercy Hospital for Women, Royal Melbourne
Department of Developmental Biology, Pasteur Institute, Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria; Dr. Richard Shane Tubbs,
Paris, France; Dr. Albert Chudley, Departments of Pedi- Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, Alabama; Dr. Edward
atrics & Child Health and Biochemistry & Medical O. Uthman, Consultant Pathologist, Richmond, Texas;
Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba; and Dr. Michael Wiley, Department of Surgery, Division
Dr. Blaine M. Cleghorn, Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto,
University, Halifax, Nova Scotia; Dr. Frank Gaillard, Toronto, Ontario.
Radiopaedia.org, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, The illustrations were prepared by Hans Neuhart,
Victoria; Dr. David F. Gomez-Gil, Chicago, Illinois; Dr. president of the Electronic Illustrators Group in Fountain
Boris Kablar, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Hills, Arizona. At Elsevier, we are indebted to Ms.
Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia; Dr. Sylvia Meghan K. Ziegler, Content Strategist, for her continued
Kogan, Winnipeg, Manitoba; Dr. Deborah Levine, Beth interest and encouragement. We are especially thankful
Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; to Ms. Kel McGowan, Content Development Specialist,
Dr. Marios Loukas, St. George’s University, True Blue, for her invaluable insights and many helpful suggestions.
Grenada; Dr. Stuart Morrison, Department of Radiology, Their unstinting support during the preparation of this
Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Professor Bernard J. new edition was greatly appreciated. Finally, we should
Moxham, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff Univer- also like to thank Ms. Kristine Feeherty, Senior Project
sity, Cardiff, Wales; Dr. Michael Narvey, Department of Manager; Ms. Maggie Reid, Designer; Ms. Amy Naylor,
Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Art Buyer; and Ms. Thapasya Ramkumar, Multimedia
Winnipeg, Manitoba; Dr. Drew Noden, Department of Producer, at Elsevier for nurturing this book to comple-
Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, College of Vet- tion. This new edition of Before We Are Born is the result
erinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York; Dr. Shannon E. of their dedication and technical expertise.
Perry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, Keith L. Moore
California; Dr. Gregory J. Reid, Department of Obstet- T.V.N. (Vid) Persaud
rics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University
Mark G. Torchia
of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba; Professor Sir Peter
W.J. Rigby, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, England;
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