20EC413

Lab Manual
of
Embedded System Design with IoT Laboratory
Subject Code: 4EC06
Semester: 7th
Academic Year: 2023-24
Name of Student: Shalini Kotecha
Id No.: 20EC413
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

BIRLA VISVAKARMA MAHAVIDHYALAYA ENGINEERING

COLLEGE
(An Autonomous Institution)
Vallabh Vidyanagar – 388120

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 20EC413

BIRLA VISHVAKARMA MAHAVIDYALAYA

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION DEPARTMENT

Certificate
This is to certify that Miss Shalini Kotecha with ID. No.
20EC413 of Electronics & Communication has satisfactorily
completed the entire practical in the subject of 4EC06 –
Embedded System Design with IoT Laboratory.

Subject In-Charge Head of Department

(Prof. Hiren Patel) (Dr. Bhargav C. Goradiya)

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 20EC413

INDEX
SR. PAGE
DATE AIM SIGN
NO. NO.
Write a program to control an LED with a switch
01 05/07/2023 04
using Arduino on TinkerCAD.
Write a program to control LED intensity based on
02 12/07/2023 a PIR sensor and LDR using Arduino on 07
TinkerCAD.
Write a program to implement a light - following
03 19/07/2023 robot based on LDR and DC motors using Arduino 10
on TinkerCAD.
Write a program to create a web server based on
04 26/07/2023 14
ESP32 to host a web page.
Write a program to update data on a web page
05 26/07/2023 17
hosted on ESP32.
Write a program to auto - update data on a web
06 12/09/2023 24
page using AJAX.
Write a program to control an LED from a web
07 12/09/2023 29
page using ESP32.
Write a program to read data from a switch on the
08 12/09/2023 Blynk dashboard and update the status of the 33
hardware LED.
Write a program to read data from hardware and
09 26/09/2023 36
update the status on the Blynk dashboard.
Write a program to control a servo motor from the
10 26/09/2023 39
Blynk dashboard.

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 20EC413

PRACTICAL NO.: 01
AIM:

Write a program to control an LED with a switch using Arduino on TinkerCAD.

SOFTWARE USED:

TinkerCAD

HARDWARE COMPONENT USED:

Red LED, Arduino Uno R3, 220 Ω Resistor, Pushbutton

CIRCUIT:

PROGRAM:
int toggle = 0;
void setup()
{
pinMode(13, OUTPUT); //LED

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 20EC413

pinMode (7, INPUT) ; //Switch

digitalWrite (7, HIGH) ;
}

void loop()
{
if (!(digitalRead(7))){
if (toggle){
toggle = 0;
}
else{
toggle = 1;
}
digitalWrite (13, toggle);
while (!(digitalRead(7)));
}
}

OUTPUT:

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 20EC413

CONCLUSION:
In this practical, an LED was successfully controlled using a switch through Arduino on
TinkerCAD.

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 20EC413

PRACTICAL NO.: 02
AIM:

Write a program to control LED intensity based on a PIR sensor and LDR using Arduino on
TinkerCAD.

SOFTWARE USED:

TinkerCAD

HARDWARE COMPONENT USED:

Arduino Uno R3, Photoresistor (LDR), Voltage Multimeter, 10 kΩ Resistor, Red LED, PIR
Sensor, 220 Ω Resistor

CIRCUIT:

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 20EC413

PROGRAM:
void setup()
{
pinMode (2, INPUT); //PIR Signal Pin
pinMode (9, OUTPUT); //LED
Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop()
{
float N = analogRead(A0); //LDR
float PIR = digitalRead(2);
float V = N * 5000 / 1024; //10 bit ADC

float pert = map (V, 241, 4729, 255, 0);

if (PIR && (pert < 50)){
digitalWrite(9, HIGH);
}
else{
digitalWrite(9, LOW);
}
Serial.print ("N = ");
Serial.print (N);
Serial.print (";");
Serial.print ("V =");
Serial.println (V);
}

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OUTPUT:

CONCLUSION:
Thus, we have demonstrated the program to control LED intensity based on the input from a PIR
sensor and LDR using Arduino on TinkerCAD.

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PRACTICAL NO.: 03

AIM:

Write a program to implement a light - following robot based on LDR and DC motors using
Arduino on TinkerCAD.

SOFTWARE USED:

TinkerCAD

HARDWARE COMPONENT USED:

Arduino Uno R3, DC Motors, L293D H-bridge Motor Driver, 1 kΩ Resistor, Photoresistor,
Voltage Multimeter

CIRCUIT:

PROGRAM:
int Rldr = A0;
int Lldr = A1;
int in1 = 2;
int in2 = 3;
int in3 = 4;
int in4 = 5;

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void setup()
{
pinMode(in1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(in1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(in1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(in1, OUTPUT);

Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop()
{
float leftVal = analogRead (Lldr);
float rightVal = analogRead (Rldr);
float ILeft = leftVal * 5000 / 1024;
float IRight = rightVal * 5000 / 1024;
int LLight = map (ILeft, 241, 4740, 0, 100);
int RLight = map (IRight, 241, 4740, 0, 100);
if (LLight > RLight)
{
digitalWrite (in1, HIGH);
digitalWrite (in2, LOW);
digitalWrite (in3, LOW);
digitalWrite (in4, HIGH);
Serial.println ("Rotate Right");
}
else if (LLight < RLight)
{
digitalWrite (in1, LOW);
digitalWrite (in2, HIGH);
digitalWrite (in3, HIGH);
digitalWrite (in4, LOW);
Serial.println ("Rotate Left");
}
else
{
digitalWrite (in1, HIGH);
digitalWrite (in2, LOW);
digitalWrite (in3, HIGH);
digitalWrite (in4, LOW);
Serial.println ("Move Forward");

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}
}

OUTPUT:

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CONCLUSION:

We successfully implemented a light-following robot using LDR and DC motors on TinkerCAD.

The robot uses the input from the LDRs to adjust its movement, following the direction of light
intensity.

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PRACTICAL NO.: 04
AIM:

Write a program to create a web server based on ESP32 to host a web page.

SOFTWARE USED:

Arduino IDE 1.8.19

HARDWARE COMPONENT USED:

NodeMCU

CIRCUIT:

PROGRAM:
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <WiFiClient.h>
#include <ESP8266WebServer.h>
#include "index.h" //Our HTML webpage

const char* ssid = "V2029";

const char* password = "shalu_71";
ESP8266WebServer server(80); //Server on port 80

void handleRoot() {
String s = MAIN_page; //Read HTML contents
server.send(200, "text/html", s); //Send web page
}

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void setup(void){
Serial.begin(115200);

WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
Serial.println("");
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
delay(500);
Serial.print(".");
}
Serial.println("");
Serial.print("Connected to ");
Serial.println(ssid);
Serial.print("IP address: ");
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());

server.on("/", handleRoot);

server.begin(); //Start server

Serial.println("HTTP server started");
}

void loop(void){
server.handleClient(); //Handle client requests
}

index.h

const char MAIN_page[] PROGMEM = R"=====(

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>My first web page</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<CENTER>
<B>Hello</B>
<p>
<B>20EC413 shalini </B>
<br>
<B>Web server based on ESP32 to host a web page </B>
</p>
</CENTER>

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</BODY>
</HTML>
)=====";

OUTPUT:

shalini

20EC413 shalini
kotecha

CONCLUSION:
Thus, we have successfully created a web server using a Wi-Fi-enabled board, allowing the
board to host a simple webpage. This basic program sets up a server, connects to Wi-Fi, and
responds to incoming client requests by sending a basic HTML page.

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PRACTICAL NO.: 05
AIM:

Write a program to update data on a web page hosted on ESP32.

SOFTWARE USED:

Arduino IDE 1.8.19

HARDWARE COMPONENT USED:

NodeMCU

CIRCUIT:

PROGRAM:
#include <Arduino.h>
#ifdef ESP32
#include <WiFi.h>
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <SPIFFS.h>
#else
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <Hash.h>
#include <FS.h>
#endif

#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>

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AsyncWebServer server(80);

const char* ssid = "V2039";

const char* password = "shalu_71";

const char* PARAM_STRING = "inputString";

const char* PARAM_INT = "inputInt";
const char* PARAM_FLOAT = "inputFloat";

// HTML web page to handle 3 input fields (inputString,

inputInt, inputFloat)
const char index_html[] PROGMEM = R"rawliteral(
<!DOCTYPE HTML><html><head>
<title>ESP Input Form</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-
scale=1">
<script>
function submitMessage() {
alert("Saved value to ESP SPIFFS");
setTimeout(function(){ document.location.reload(false); },
500);
}
</script></head><body>
<form action="/get" target="hidden-form">
inputString (current value %inputString%): <input
type="text" name="inputString">
<input type="submit" value="Submit" onclick =
"submitMessage()">
</form><br>
<form action="/get" target="hidden-form">
inputInt (current value %inputInt%): <input type="number "
name = "inputInt">
<input type="submit" value="Submit" onclick =
"submitMessage()">
</form><br>
<form action="/get" target="hidden-form">
inputFloat (current value %inputFloat%): <input type="number
" name="inputFloat">
<input type="submit" value="Submit"
onclick="submitMessage()">
</form>

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<iframe style="display:none" name="hidden-form"></iframe>

</body></html>)rawliteral";

void notFound(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {

request->send(404, "text/plain", "Not found");
}

String readFile(fs::FS &fs, const char * path){

Serial.printf("Reading file: %s\r\n", path);
File file = fs.open(path, "r");
if(!file || file.isDirectory()){
Serial.println("- empty file or failed to open file");
return String();
}
Serial.println("- read from file:");
String fileContent;
while(file.available()){
fileContent+=String((char)file.read());
}
file.close();
Serial.println(fileContent);
return fileContent;
}

void writeFile(fs::FS &fs, const char * path, const char *

message){
Serial.printf("Writing file: %s\r\n", path);
File file = fs.open(path, "w");
if(!file){
Serial.println("- failed to open file for writing");
return;
}
if(file.print(message)){
Serial.println("- file written");
} else {
Serial.println("- write failed");
}
file.close();
}

// Replaces placeholder with stored values

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String processor(const String& var){

//Serial.println(var);
if(var == "inputString"){
return readFile(SPIFFS, "/inputString.txt");
}
else if(var == "inputInt"){
return readFile(SPIFFS, "/inputInt.txt");
}
else if(var == "inputFloat"){
return readFile(SPIFFS, "/inputFloat.txt");
}
return String();
}

void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
// Initialize SPIFFS
#ifdef ESP32
if(!SPIFFS.begin(true)){
Serial.println("An Error has occurred while mounting
SPIFFS");
return;
}
#else
if(!SPIFFS.begin()){
Serial.println("An Error has occurred while mounting
SPIFFS");
return;
}
#endif

WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
if (WiFi.waitForConnectResult() != WL_CONNECTED) {
Serial.println("WiFi Failed!");
return;
}
Serial.println();
Serial.print("IP Address: ");
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());

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// Send web page with input fields to client

server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request){
request->send_P(200, "text/html", index_html, processor);
});

// Send a GET request to

<ESP_IP>/get?inputString=<inputMessage>
server.on("/get", HTTP_GET, [] (AsyncWebServerRequest
*request) {
String inputMessage;
// GET inputString value on
<ESP_IP>/get?inputString=<inputMessage>
if (request->hasParam(PARAM_STRING)) {
inputMessage = request->getParam(PARAM_STRING)->value();
writeFile(SPIFFS, "/inputString.txt",
inputMessage.c_str());
}
// GET inputInt value on
<ESP_IP>/get?inputInt=<inputMessage>
else if (request->hasParam(PARAM_INT)) {
inputMessage = request->getParam(PARAM_INT)->value();
writeFile(SPIFFS, "/inputInt.txt", inputMessage.c_str());
}
// GET inputFloat value on
<ESP_IP>/get?inputFloat=<inputMessage>
else if (request->hasParam(PARAM_FLOAT)) {
inputMessage = request->getParam(PARAM_FLOAT)->value();
writeFile(SPIFFS, "/inputFloat.txt",
inputMessage.c_str());
}
else {
inputMessage = "No message sent";
}
Serial.println(inputMessage);
request->send(200, "text/text", inputMessage);
});
server.onNotFound(notFound);
server.begin();
}

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void loop() {
// To access your stored values on inputString, inputInt,
inputFloat
String yourInputString = readFile(SPIFFS, "/inputString.txt");
Serial.print("*** Your inputString: ");
Serial.println(yourInputString);

int yourInputInt = readFile(SPIFFS, "/inputInt.txt").toInt();

Serial.print("*** Your inputInt: ");
Serial.println(yourInputInt);

float yourInputFloat = readFile(SPIFFS,

"/inputFloat.txt").toFloat();
Serial.print("*** Your inputFloat: ");
Serial.println(yourInputFloat);
delay(5000);
}

OUTPUT:

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CONCLUSION:

We have successfully created a program to update data on a web page hosted by a Wi-Fi-enabled
board.

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 20EC413

PRACTICAL NO.: 06
AIM:

Write a program to auto - update data on a web page using AJAX.

SOFTWARE USED:

Arduino IDE 1.8.19

HARDWARE COMPONENT USED:

NodeMCU

CIRCUIT:

PROGRAM:
String header = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Type: text/html\r\n
\r\n";

String html_1 = R"=====(

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name='viewport' content='width=device-width, initial-
scale=1.0'/>
<meta charset='utf-8'>
<style>
body {font-size:100%;}

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#main {display: table; margin: auto; padding: 0 10px 0

10px; }
h2 {text-align:center; }
p { text-align:center; }
</style>

<script>
function updateCount()
{
ajaxLoad('getCount');
}

var ajaxRequest = null;

if (window.XMLHttpRequest)
{
ajaxRequest =new XMLHttpRequest();
}
else
{
ajaxRequest =new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
}

function ajaxLoad(ajaxURL)
{
if(!ajaxRequest){ alert('AJAX is not supported.'); return;
}

ajaxRequest.open('GET',ajaxURL,true);
ajaxRequest.onreadystatechange = function()
{
if(ajaxRequest.readyState == 4 && ajaxRequest.status ==
200)
{
var ajaxResult = ajaxRequest.responseText;
document.getElementById('count_P').innerHTML =
ajaxResult;
}
}
ajaxRequest.send();
}

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setInterval(updateCount, 5000);

</script>
<title>Auto Update Example Using Javascript 2</title>
</head>

<body>
<div id='main'>
<h2> Auto Update Using AJAX </h2>
<div id='count_DIV'>
<p id='count_P'>Count = 0</p>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
)=====";

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>

char ssid[] = "V2029";

char pass[] = "shalu_71";

WiFiServer server(80);

String request = "";

unsigned int count = 0;

void setup()
{
Serial.begin(115200);
Serial.println();
Serial.println("Serial started at 115200");
Serial.println();
// Connect to a WiFi network
Serial.print(F("Connecting to ")); Serial.println(ssid);
WiFi.begin(ssid, pass);
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED)
{
Serial.print(".");
delay(500);
}

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Serial.println("");
Serial.println(F("[CONNECTED]"));
Serial.print("[IP ");
Serial.print(WiFi.localIP());
Serial.println("]");
// start a server
server.begin();
Serial.println("Server started");
}

void loop()
{
// Check if a client has connected
WiFiClient client = server.available();
if (!client) { return; }
// Read the first line of the request
request = client.readStringUntil('\r');
if ( request.indexOf("getCount") > 0 )
{
count ++;
client.print( header );
client.print( "Count = " );
client.print( count );

Serial.print("Count=");
Serial.println(count);
}
else
{
client.flush();
client.print( header );
client.print( html_1 );
count = 0;
}
delay(5);
}

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OUTPUT:

CONCLUSION:

We have successfully implemented a program that uses AJAX to auto-update data on a web
page.

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 20EC413

PRACTICAL NO.: 07
AIM:

Write a program to control an LED from a web page using ESP32.

SOFTWARE USED:

Arduino IDE 1.8.19

HARDWARE COMPONENT USED:

Red LED, NodeMCU, 220 Ω Resistor

CIRCUIT:

PROGRAM:
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>

const char* ssid = "V2029";

const char* password = "shalu_71";

int LED = 2; // led connected to GPIO2 (D4)

WiFiServer server(80);

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void setup()
{
Serial.begin(115200);
pinMode(LED, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(LED, LOW);
Serial.print("Connecting to the Newtork");
WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED)
{
delay(500);
Serial.print(".");
}
Serial.println("WiFi connected");
server.begin(); // Starts the Server
Serial.println("Server started");
Serial.print("IP Address of network: ");
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
}

void loop()
{
WiFiClient client = server.available();
if (!client)
{
return;
}
while(!client.available())
{
delay(1);
}
String request = client.readStringUntil('\r');
client.flush();
int value = LOW;
if(request.indexOf("/LED=ON") != -1)
{
digitalWrite(LED, HIGH); // Turn LED ON
value = HIGH;
}
if(request.indexOf("/LED=OFF") != -1)
{
digitalWrite(LED, LOW); // Turn LED OFF

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value = LOW;
}

//*-------HTML Page Code -------*//

client.println("HTTP/1.1 200 OK"); //

client.println("Content-Type: text/html");
client.println("");
client.println("<!DOCTYPE HTML>");
client.println("<html>");
client.print(" CONTROL LED: ");
if(value == HIGH)
{
client.print("ON");
}
else
{
client.print("OFF");
}
client.println("<br> <br>");
client.println("<a href=\"/LED=ON\"\"> <button> ON </button>
</a>");
client.println("<a href=\"/LED=OFF\"\"> <button> OFF </button>
</a> <br />");
client.println("</html>");
delay(1);
}

OUTPUT:

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CONCLUSION:

We have successfully created a program to control an LED from a web page using a Wi-Fi-
enabled board.

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 20EC413

PRACTICAL NO.: 08
AIM:

Write a program to read data from a switch on the Blynk dashboard and update the status of the
hardware LED on Wi-Fi enabled board.

SOFTWARE USED:

Arduino IDE 1.8.19, Blynk Dashboard

HARDWARE COMPONENT USED:

Yellow LED, NodeMCU, 220 Ω Resistor

CIRCUIT:

PROGRAM:
#define BLYNK_TEMPLATE_ID "TMPL3KAxnsbrP"
#define BLYNK_TEMPLATE_NAME "LED"
#define BLYNK_AUTH_TOKEN "DtGrkeuUR4lr8Ly1t-WmTsyWpSfQHTr9"

#define BLYNK_PRINT Serial

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <BlynkSimpleEsp8266.h>

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char auth[] = BLYNK_AUTH_TOKEN;

char ssid[] = "V2029";
char pass[] = "shalu_71";
int ledpin = 2; //D4 pin
BLYNK_WRITE(V0)
{
int Switch_state = param.asInt();
digitalWrite(ledpin, Switch_state);
}

void setup()
{
Serial.begin(115200);
Blynk.begin(auth, ssid, pass);
pinMode(ledpin,OUTPUT);
}

void loop()
{
Blynk.run();
}

OUTPUT:

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CONCLUSION:

We successfully implemented a program that reads data from a switch on the Blynk dashboard
and updates the status of a hardware LED. The Blynk library facilitates seamless communication
between the hardware and the Blynk app, allowing for remote control of the LED through the
Blynk dashboard switch.

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PRACTICAL NO.: 09
AIM:

Write a program to read data from hardware and update the status on the Blynk dashboard.

SOFTWARE USED:

Arduino IDE 1.8.19, Blynk Dashboard

HARDWARE COMPONENT USED:

Yellow LED, NodeMCU, 220 Ω Resistor

CIRCUIT:

PROGRAM:
#define BLYNK_TEMPLATE_ID "TMPL3KAxnsbrP"
#define BLYNK_TEMPLATE_NAME "LED"
#define BLYNK_AUTH_TOKEN "DtGrkeuUR4lr8Ly1t-WmTsyWpSfQHTr9"

#define BLYNK_PRINT Serial

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <BlynkSimpleEsp8266.h>

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BlynkTimer timer;
char auth[] = BLYNK_AUTH_TOKEN;
char ssid[] = "V2029";
char pass[] = "shalu_71";

int ledpin = 2; //D4 pin

BLYNK_WRITE(V0)
{
int Switch_state = param.asInt();
digitalWrite(ledpin, Switch_state);
}

void setup()
{
Serial.begin(115200);
Blynk.begin(auth, ssid, pass);
pinMode(ledpin,OUTPUT);
timer.setInterval(2000, readState);
}

void readState()
{
Blynk.virtualWrite(V1, "20EC402");
int LED_state = digitalRead(ledpin);
if (LED_state == HIGH){
Blynk.virtualWrite(V2, "LED ON");
}
else
{
Blynk.virtualWrite(V2, "LED OFF");
}
}

void loop()
{
Blynk.run();
timer.run();
}

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OUTPUT:

CONCLUSION:

We have successfully implemented a program that reads data from hardware and updates the
status on the Blynk dashboard.

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PRACTICAL NO.: 10
AIM:

Write a program to control a servo motor from the Blynk dashboard.

SOFTWARE USED:

Arduino IDE 1.8.19, Blynk Dashboard

HARDWARE COMPONENT USED:

NodeMCU, Micro Servo

CIRCUIT:

PROGRAM:
#define BLYNK_TEMPLATE_ID "TMPL3KAxnsbrP"
#define BLYNK_TEMPLATE_NAME "LED"
#define BLYNK_AUTH_TOKEN "DtGrkeuUR4lr8Ly1t-WmTsyWpSfQHTr9"

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#define BLYNK_PRINT Serial

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <BlynkSimpleEsp8266.h>
#include <Servo.h>

char auth[] = BLYNK_AUTH_TOKEN;

char ssid[] = "V2029";
char pass[] = "shalu_71";

Servo myservo;
BlynkTimer timer;
int pos = 0;

BLYNK_WRITE(V2)
{
int pos = param.asInt();
myservo.write(pos);
}

void setup()
{
Serial.begin(115200);
Blynk.begin(auth, ssid, pass);
myservo.attach(13); //D7 pin
}

void loop()
{
Blynk.run();
}

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OUTPUT:

CONCLUSION:

By establishing a connection to the Blynk server and utilizing the Blynk library, the servo
motor's position is updated in real-time based on the slider value on the Blynk app.

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