Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A

Basic Knowledge of Functions

4
Consolidation Exercise Solution

Consolidation Exercise 4A 10. ∵ The value of 12 – x under the radical sign

1. ∵ V is a function of d. cannot be negative.
∴ d is the independent variable and V is the ∴ 12 – x  0
dependent variable. x  12
∴ The domain is all real numbers smaller than
2. ∵ C is a function of w.
or equal to 12.
∴ w is the independent variable and C is the
dependent variable.
11. Each value of x has one (and only one)

3. The domain is all real numbers. corresponding value of y.

∴ y is a function of x.
4. The domain is all real numbers.
12. When x = 0, there is more than one corresponding
5. The domain is all real numbers.
value of y (2, 1 and 2).
∴ y is not a function of x.
6. ∵ The value of the denominator x – 7 cannot be 0.
∴ x – 7 0
13. Each value of x has one (and only one)
x7
corresponding value of y.
∴ The domain is all real numbers except 7.
∴ y is a function of x.

7. ∵ The value of the denominator 2 + x cannot be 0.

14. Each value of x has one (and only one)
∴ 2+x0
corresponding value of y.
x  –2 ∴ y is a function of x.
∴ The domain is all real numbers except –2.
15. (a) For each value of x, there is one
8. ∵ The value of x – 8 under the radical sign
corresponding value of y.
cannot be negative.
(b) Each value of x has one (and only one)
∴ x–80
corresponding value of y.
x8
∴ y is a function of x.
∴ The domain is all real numbers greater than
or equal to 8. 16. Each value of x has one (and only one)
corresponding value of y.
9. ∵ The value of x + 11 under the radical sign
∴ y is a function of x.
cannot be negative.
∴ x + 11  0 17. When x = 0, there is more than one corresponding
x  –11 value of y (2 and 3).
∴ The domain is all real numbers greater than ∴ y is not a function of x.
or equal to –11.

© Oxford University Press 2023 1 4A04 Consolidation Exercise 4A Solution

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A

18. Each value of x has one (and only one) (e) (i) When x = 1, y2 = 3(1)
corresponding value of y. y2 = 3
∴ y is a function of x. y = 3
When x = 2, y2 = 3(2)

19. (a) (i) When x = 1, y = 2(1) + 7 = 5; y2 = 6

when x = 2, y = 2(2) + 7 = 3; y = 6
when x = 3, y = 2(3) + 7 = 1; When x = 3, y2 = 3(3)

when x = 4, y = 2(4) + 7 = 1, etc. y2 = 9

∴ For each value of x, there is one y = 3

corresponding value of y. When x = 4, y2 = 3(4)

(ii) From (a)(i), y is a function of x. y2 = 12

(b) (i) When x = 1, y = 12 + 8 = 9; y =  12 , etc.

when x = 2, y = 22 + 8 = 12; ∴ For each value of x (where x > 0),

when x = 3, y = 32 + 8 = 17; there are two corresponding values

when x = 4, y = 42 + 8 = 24, etc. of y.

∴ For each value of x, there is one (ii) From (e)(i), y is not a function of x.

corresponding value of y. (f) (i) When x = 1, y = 2(1) = 2 ;

(ii) From (b)(i), y is a function of x. when x = 2, y = 2( 2) = 2;

(c) (i) When x = 1, y = 3  5(1)2 = 2; when x = 3, y = 2(3) = 6 ;

when x = 2, y = 3  5(2)2 = 17; when x = 4, y = 2( 4) = 8 , etc.
when x = 3, y = 3  5(3)2 = 42; ∴ For each value of x (where x > 0),
when x = 4, y = 3  5(4)2 = 77, etc. there is one corresponding value of y.
∴ For each value of x, there is one (ii) From (f)(i), y is a function of x.
corresponding value of y.
20. (a) y
(ii) From (c)(i), y is a function of x. vertical line
7
(d) (i) When x = 1, y =  = 7;
1
7 a
when x = 2, y =  ; O
x
2 b
7
when x = 3, y =  ; Each vertical line intersects the graph at only
3
7 one point.
when x = 4, y =  , etc.
4 ∴ y is a function of x.
∴ For each value of x (where x  0), (b) y
vertical line
there is one corresponding value of y.
(ii) From (d)(i), y is a function of x.

O a x
b

A vertical line intersects the graph at two points.

∴ y is not a function of x.

© Oxford University Press 2023 2 4A04 Consolidation Exercise 4A Solution

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A

(c) y 26. ∵ The value of 7x + 4 under the radical sign

vertical line
x
cannot be negative.
∴ 7x + 4  0
a 4
O b
x x 
7
A vertical line intersectsy the graph at three ∴ The domain is all real numbers greater than
4
points. or equal to  .
7
∴ y is not a function of x.
27. ∵ x2  0
21. ∵ The value of the denominator 5 – 4x cannot be 0. ∴ x2 + 3  3
∴ 5 – 4x  0 The value of x2 + 3 under the radical sign will not
5
x be negative for any real number x.
4
∴ The domain is all real numbers.
5
∴ The domain is all real numbers except .
4
28. For the denominator x  9 , the value of x + 9
must be positive.
22. ∵ x2  0
∴ x+9>0
∴ x2 + 1  1
x > –9
The value of the denominator x2 + 1 will not be 0
∴ The domain is all real numbers greater than –9.
for any real number x.
∴ The domain is all real numbers. 29. For the denominator x  4 , the value of x – 4
must be positive.
23. ∵ The value of the denominator x + 3 cannot be 0. ∴ x–4>0
∴ x+30 x>4
x  –3 ∴ The domain is all real numbers greater than 4.
∴ The domain is all real numbers except –3.
30. For the denominator  3x  2 , the value of
24. ∵ The value of the denominator 8 – 2x cannot be 0. –3x + 2 must be positive.
∴ 8 – 2x  0 ∴ –3x + 2 > 0
x4 2
x<
∴ The domain is all real numbers except 4. 3
2
∴ The domain is all real numbers smaller than .
3
25. ∵ The value of 2 – 9x under the radical sign
cannot be negative. 31. For x(x – 3) = 0,
∴ 2 – 9x  0 x = 0 or x = 3
2 ∵ The value of the denominator x(x – 3) cannot
x
9 be 0.
∴ The domain is all real numbers smaller than
∴ x(x – 3)  0
2
or equal to . x  0 and x  3
9
∴ The domain is all real numbers except 0 and 3.

© Oxford University Press 2023 3 4A04 Consolidation Exercise 4A Solution

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A

32. For x2 + 8x = 0, 36. For 2x2 – 9x – 5 = 0,

x(x + 8) = 0 (2x + 1)(x – 5) = 0
x = 0 or x = –8 1
x=
or x = 5
∵ The value of the denominator x + 8x cannot
2 2
∵ The value of the denominator 2x2 – 9x – 5
be 0.
cannot be 0.
∴ x2 + 8x  0
∴ 2x2 – 9x – 5  0
x  0 and x  –8
1
∴ The domain is all real numbers except 0 and –8. x and x  5
2
1
∴ The domain is all real numbers except 
33. For x – 9 = 0,
2
2
(x + 3)(x – 3) = 0 and 5.
x = –3 or x = 3
∵ The value of the denominator x2 – 9 cannot 1
37. For , the value of the denominator x cannot be 0,
be 0. x
i.e. x  0.
∴ x2 – 9  0
For x , the value of x under the radical sign
x  –3 and x  3
cannot be negative, i.e. x  0.
∴ The domain is all real numbers except –3 and 3.
∴ x>0
∴ The domain is all real numbers greater than 0.
34. For x2 + 5x – 6 = 0,
(x + 6)(x – 1) = 0 38. For x , the value of x under the radical sign
x = –6 or x = 1 cannot be negative, i.e. x  0.
∵ The value of the denominator x2 + 5x – 6 1
For , the value of the denominator x – 1
cannot be 0. x 1
∴ x2 + 5x – 6  0 cannot be 0, i.e. x  1.
x  –6 and x  1 ∴ x  0 and x  1
∴ The domain is all real numbers except –6 and 1. ∴ The domain is all real numbers greater than
or equal to 0 except 1.
35. For x2 + 8x + 16 = 0,
(x + 4)2 = 0 39. (a) x 3 2 1 0
x = –4 (repeated) y 0 1 2 3
∵ The value of the denominator x + 8x + 16 2
(b) ∵ (3 , 0) lies on the graph.
cannot be 0. ∴ 0 = m(3) + 3
∴ x + 8x + 16  0
2
3m = 3
x  –4 m = 1
∴ The domain is all real numbers except –4.

© Oxford University Press 2023 4 4A04 Consolidation Exercise 4A Solution

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A

40. (a) x 0 1 2 3 4 44. (a) When n = 1 000, C = 203.

203 = 3 + k(1 000)
y 3 1 1 3 7
1 000k = 200
(b) ∵ (1 , –1) lies on the graph.
k = 0.2
∴ 1 = 12 – p(1) – 3
(b) From (a), C = 3 + 0.2n.
1 = p – 4
When n = 6 500,
p = 3
C = 3 + 0.2(6 500)
41. ∵ (1 , 5) lies on the graph. = 1 303
∴ 5 = a(1)2 – 1 – 5 ∴ The cost of copying a document with
a=1 6 500 pages is $1 303.
(c) When C = 725.5,
42. (a) When x = 4, y = 2. 725.5 = 3 + 0.2n
∴ 2 = k(4) – 6 0.2n = 722.5
4k = 8 n = 3 612.5
k = 2 ∵ n must be an integer.
(b) From (a), y = –2x – 6. ∴ The cost of copying a document cannot
When x = 4, be exactly $725.5.
y = 2(4) – 6 ∴ The claim is disagreed.
= 14
(c) When y = 11, 45. (a) When h = 0.8, T = 19.8.
11 = 2x – 6 19.8 = a – 6.5(0.8)
2x = 17 a = 25
17 (b) From (a), T = 25 – 6.5h.
x= When h = 3,
2
T = 25 – 6.5(3)
43. (a) When x = 3, y = 11. = 5.5
11 = (3) + r(3) – 4
2
∴ When the height above sea level is 3 km,
3r = 6 the temperature is 5.5C.
r = 2 (c) When T = 0,
(b) From (a), y = x2 – 2x – 4. 0 = 25 – 6.5h
When x = 2, 6.5h = 25
11
y = 22 – 2(2) – 4 h =3
13
= –4
<4
(c) When y = 20, ∴ It is possible that the corresponding
20 = x2 – 2x – 4 temperature is exactly 0C.
x – 2x – 24 = 0
2

(x + 4)(x – 6) = 0
x = –4 or 6

© Oxford University Press 2023 5 4A04 Consolidation Exercise 4A Solution

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4A

46. (a) From the graph, when x = 0, y = ‒3. 47. (a) From the graph, when x = 0, y = 50.
∴ ‒3 = a(0) + b ∴ 50 = T + P(0)
b = ‒3 T = 50
(b) y (b) y

8 1 500

6 1 250
y = ax + b

4 1 000

2 750

x 500
–2 0 2 4 6
–2 250

–4 x
0
5 10 15 20
–6
From the graph, when x = 10,
–8 y = 800
From (a), y = 50 + Px.
From the graph, when x = 4, y = 5. Substitute x = 10 and y = 800 into
From (a), y = ax ‒ 3. y = 50 + Px.
∴ 5 = a(4) ‒ 3 800 = 50 + P(10)
8 = 4a 10P = 750
a=2 P = 75
(c) From (a) and (b), y = 2x ‒ 3. (c) From (a) and (b), y = 50 + 75x.
When y = 13, When y = 1 850,
13 = 2x ‒ 3 1 850 = 50 + 75x
16 = 2x 1 800 = 75x
x=8 x = 24
∴ The number of dresses that she ordered
is 24.

© Oxford University Press 2023 6 4A04 Consolidation Exercise 4A Solution