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Gned 02 Ethics Lessons
Gned 02 Ethics Lessons
Gned 02 Ethics Lessons
GNED 02 – ETHICS
LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION OTHER ESSENTIAL DEFINITIONS OF
PHILOSOPHY
PHILOSOPHY
Search for meaning
Coined by Pythagoras, a Greek
Science of all sciences
Philosopher.
Mother of all sciences (it is used by
pre-Socratic philosophers to study
Came from Greek words:
the nature of the world, and it gave
philos – love
birth to new disciplines)
sophia – wisdom
Search for the ultimate meaning of
Meaning, lover of wisdom
reality
THREE CLASSIFICATIONS OF LOVE
1. Eros (erasthai) PHILOSOPHY AND OTHER SCIENCES
Passionate/intense love for
1. Philosophy and Science
something, sexual desire – erotic
Both discusses truths about the
(erotikos).
universe
Romantic love: personal infatuation
and physical pleasure.
2. Philosophy and History
Love Catalyst: Body
The latter serves as the breeding
Ways to show this love:
ground of philosophy while the
a. Engage in physical touch such
former defines history and
as hugging or kissing.
interprets it.
2. Agape
3. Philosophy and Mathematics
Love of God for men
Both are logical bodies of
Selfless love: an empathetic
knowledge (works of or according
attitude of love for everyone and
to rules, has clear, and sound
anyone. (Empathy; ability to
reasoning, rational)
understand and share feelings of
other people)
4. Philosophy and Religion
Love Catalyst: Spirit
One justifies the other
Ways to show this love:
a. Express unconditional love in
any situation. WHY IS PHILOSOPHY IMPORTANT?
1. It provides students with fundamental
3. Philia
views in coping the changing demands
Love that seeks truth/appreciation
and ethical problems
of the other, of person or of reality.
Affectionate love: a love that runs
2. It develops students ability to
deep in true friendships
comprehend systematic learning and
Love Catalyst: Mind
enhance critical thinking skills
Ways to show this love:
a. Exchange your beliefs and
imperfections with close friends. MAJOR DISCIPLINES IN PHILOSOPHY
a. Logic – the study of right and sound
reasoning
b. Epistemology – the study of the
validity of knowledge
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ETHICAL PRINCIPLES
IMPERATIVES OF ETHICS (IMPORTANCE)
1. Truthfulness/Honesty
1. Human Freedom
Among the basic principle of
Be responsible for one’s action
natural moral law
2. Existence of God
2. Loyalty
God’s presence is the salient factor
The willing, practical, and
that makes sense in the study of
thoroughgoing devotion of a person
ethics. God alone can give the final
to a cause
judgement
3. Respect
3. Immortality of the Souls
Respect for a person
A cornerstone in ethics
4. Fairness
RULE/S Equity, respect, justice, and
stewardship of the shared world
It is an instruction that tells us
what we are allowed to do and not
5. Integrity
to do
Imposes an obligation on all
individuals to be straightforward
WHY ARE RULES IMPORTANT? and honest in all professional and
business relationships.
1. It organizes relationships between
individuals (e.g., boundaries)
2. Rules make it clear on what is right to DIFFERENCES
do/follow in a society and what is MORALS ETHICS
wrong to refrain from Right and wrong Good or evil
3. It provides opportunity to achieve General guidelines Response to a
personal and societal goals (provides framed by society particular situation
framework) Dictated by society, Chosen by a person
culture, or religion under the dictate of
4. It regulates various social institutions
right reason
to fulfill their integral roles for the
Vary from society- Remains the same
common welfare
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5. Unequal Dilemma
The dilemma is split across unequal
status
Examples:
a. High growth vs Organization
integrity
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l. Respect 4. Temperance
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2. Freedom
- The agent/doer is not constrained
in doing the act
3. Voluntariness
- An agent must know and free to
choose which act to perform or not
to perform
CONSCIENCE-BASED MORAL DECISION
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Reasoning
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The courage to take action for moral he called that purpose, telos
reasons despite the risk of adverse (pronounced ‘tellos’or ‘tay-los’).
consequences. The word can mean ‘purpose,’ ‘intent,’
More so, morally courageous ‘end,’ or ‘goal,’ the inherent purpose
individuals act upon their ethical of each thing, the ultimate reason for
values to help others during difficult each thing being the way it is, whether
ethical dilemmas, despite the created that way by human beings or
adversity they may face in doing so. nature.
To be morally courageous means Telos is the ancient Greek term for an
standing up for what you believe even end, fulfilment, completion, goal or
when it means that you do so alone aim; it is the source of the modern
(Murray, 2015). word ‘teleology’.
Two kinds of ends were distinguished:
LESSON 7: FRAMEWORKS AND PRINCIPLES
- the instrumental ends; these are
OF MORAL DISPOSITION
actions done as means to another
THE THREE ORIENTAL SAGES (BUDDHA, LAO end like schooling and earning a
TZU, AND CONFUCIUS) degree.
- intrinsic end; actions that are
Believed that human beings are one committed for their own sake like
with the universal reality – the being a student, teacher, or a
Summum Bonum, the Brahma (the doctor.
creator) until the birth of human to the
Atman self. Thus, human is always 1. Virtue as Habit
miserable due to selfish ordinate - Aristotle made it clear life of virtue
desires leading to frustration and can be achieved through constant
restlessness. contemplation of the “good” or
GREEK TRIUMVIRATE (SOCRATES, PLATO, happiness – doing good constantly
AND ARISTOTLE) and habitually.
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