94 Solutions

64. C 3. E
40 2 Let y = mx + 2, y = mx + 3 and y = mx + 4 be the
Slope of OQ = =
60 3 equations of the three parallel lines. Then the three
∵ PG  OQ 2 3 4
x-intercepts are  ,  and  . Since the sum of
∴ Slope of PG  slope of OQ = 1 m m m
2 1
Slope of PG  = 1 the three x-intercepts are 36, we have m =  , i.e. the
3 4
3 1
Slope of PG =  required slope is  .
2 4
The equation of PG is
3 Exam Get-Set-Go
y  0 = (x  8)
2 Exam Drill 1 (P.2.63)
2y = 3x + 24 1. I. From the figure,
3x + 2y  24 = 0 slope of L1 > slope of L2 > 0
Let (6 , b) be the coordinates of G. 1 1
 > >0
Substitute (6 , b) into 3x + 2y  24 = 0. a c
1 1
3(6) + 2b  24 = 0 < <0
a c
2b = 6 ∴ a < 0, c < 0 and a > c.
b=3 ∴ I is true.
∴ The coordinates of G are (6 , 3).
II. From the figure,
x-intercept of L1 > x-intercept of L2
Competition Corner (P.2.61) b>d
1. C ∴ II is true.
The line y = mx must cut BC. Let P(a , b) be the point of III. From the figure,
intersection of the line y = mx and BC. Since the area of y-intercept of L2 = 1
△PCD is half of the area of the trapezium ABCD, it can d
=1
16 c
be found that b = . Since B, P and C are collinear, it
5 c=d
34  34 16  y-intercept of L1 < 1
can be found that a = . By substituting  , 
5  5 5 b
<1
8 a
into y = mx, we have m = . b>a
17
∴ a+c<b+c

2. B a+d<b+c

The coordinates of all the possible points are (a , a) and ∴ III is true.

(a , –a). By substituting (a , a) and (a , –a) into ∴ I, II and III are true.

24 24 ∴ The answer is D.
3x + 8y = 24 respectively, we have a = and  .
11 5
144
Therefore, the sum of all possible values of a is  .
55

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 Chapter 2: Equations of Straight Lines 95

Exam-type Questions (P.2.64)

2. I. From the figure, 1. D
slope of L1 < slope of L2 < 0 I. From the figure,
p r y-intercept of L < 6
 < <0
1 1 ab
 < 6
p<r<0 b
∴ I is true. a < 6
∴ I is true.
II. From the figure,
II. From the figure,
y-intercept of L1 > y-intercept of L2
0 < x-intercept of L < 4
q > s
 ab
q<s 0 < <4
a
∴ II is true. 0<b<4
III. From the figure, ∴ II is true.
x-intercept of L1 = 1 III. Construct a straight line L1 which passes through
q (4 , 0) and (0 , 6).
=1
p
q=p L1
pq=0
x-intercept of L2 < 1
s
<1
r
s>r
0>rs From the figure,

pq>rs slope of L > slope of L1

∴ III is not true. a 0  (6)

 >
b 40
∴ Only I and II are true.
a
∴  >1
∴ The answer is A. b
a > b
Exam Drill 2 (P.2.64) a+b<0
∵ The two straight lines intersect at a point lying on the ∴ III is true.
x-axis. ∴ I, II and III are true.
∴ Their x-intercepts are the same.
40 8 2. A
∴  =
h 3 I. From the figure,
h = 15
slope of L1 < 0
∵ The two straight lines are perpendicular to each other.
a
h  3  <0
∴      = 1 2
9  k  a>0
15  3 
    = 1 slope of L2 > 0
9  k
1
k=5  >0
c
∴ The answer is B. c<0

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96 Solutions

∴ a>c ∴ II is true.
∴ I is true. III. Substitute (0 , 3) into ax + by = c.
II. From the figure, a(0) + b(3) = c
x-intercept of L2 > x-intercept of L1 3b = c
d b ∴ a = c2 = (3b)2 = 9b2
 >
1 a y-intercept of L2 < 0
b
d< 1
a <0
d
ad < b d<0
∴ II is true. a+d<a
III. From the figure, a + d < 9b2
y-intercept of L1 > y-intercept of L2 9b2 > a + d
b d ∴ III is not true.
 >
2 c
∴ Only I and II are true.
b d
<
2 c
bc > 2d 4. B
∴ III is not true.
I. From the figure,
∴ Only I and II are true.
y-intercept of L1 > 0
b
3. A  >0
1
I. From the figure, b>0
x-intercept of L1 = x-intercept of L2 ∴ I is true.
c 1 II. From the figure,
 =
a c slope of L1 > 0
a = c2
a
>0  >0
1
∴ I is true. a>0
II. From the figure, slope of L2 < 0
y-intercept of L2 < 0 c
 <0
1 1
<0
d c<0
d<0 ∴ a>c
Slope of L1 < 0 ∴ II is true.
a III. From the figure,
 <0
b
y-intercept of L1 > x-intercept of L2
∵ a>0
b d
∴ b>0  >
1 1
Slope of L2 > slope of L1 b>d
c a ∴ III is not true.
 >
d b
c a
<
d b
bc
<a
d
bc > ad

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 Chapter 2: Equations of Straight Lines 97

6. B
IV. From the figure, ∵ The straight line 4x  y  30 = 0 is the
x-intercept of L1 < x-intercept of L2 perpendicular bisector of PQ.
b d 1  4 
 < ∴     = 1
a c a  1
b d a=4
>
a c 8b
x-intercept of L =  = 8b
ad 1
b>
c ∴ The coordinates of P are (8b , 0).
bc < ad 8b 8b
y-intercept of L =  =  = 2b
x-intercept of L2 > x-intercept of L1 a 4
d b ∴ The coordinates of Q are (0 , 2b).
 >
c a Coordinates of the mid-point of PQ
d b
<   8b  0 0  (2b) 
c a = , 
 2 2 
bc
d> = (4b , b)
a
ad > bc Substitute (4b , b) into 4x  y  30 = 0.

∴ IV is true. 4(4b)  (b)  30 = 0

∴ Only I , II and IV are true. 15b = 30

b = 2

5. B
2 2 7. C
Slope of L2 =  =
3 3 ∵ The straight lines are perpendicular to each other.
∵ L1  L2 k  15 
∴     = 1
∴ Slope of L1  slope of L2 = 1 15   8 
2 k=8
Slope of L1  = 1
3 15k
3 x-intercept of L =  = 15
Slope of L1 =  k
2 15k
12 y-intercept of L =  = k = 8
y-intercept of L1 = y-intercept of L2 =  = 4 15
3 ∴ The required perimeter
The equation of L1 is
= [0  (15)] + [0  (8)] +
3
y =  x + (4) [0  (15)]2  [0  (8)]2
2
2y = 3x  8 = 15 + 8 + 17
3x + 2y + 8 = 0 = 40

8. C
Let L be the straight line 6x  5y + 30 = 0.
30
x-intercept of L =  = 5
6
∴ The coordinates of A are (5 , 0).
30
y-intercept of L =  =6
5
∴ The coordinates of B are (0 , 6).

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98 Solutions

Let S be the orthocentre of △ABC. Then AS  BC.  3 1

=  , 
 2 2
∵ BC is a horizontal line.

Let (0 , k) be the coordinates of the circumcentre.

∴ AS is a vertical line. ∵ The perpendicular bisector of PQ passes through

∴ x-coordinate of S = x-coordinate of A = 5 the circumcentre.

1
∴ The coordinates of S are (5 , 11). k
1
Let (k , 6) be the coordinates of C. ∴   2 = 1
3 3
 0
∵ SC  AB 2
11  6 60 1 9
∴  = 1 k =
 5  k 0  (5) 2 2
k=5
6=5+k
∴ The y-coordinate of the circumcentre is 5.
k=1
∴ The x-coordinate of C is 1.
Public Exam Questions (P.2.65)
1. (a) 3x  4y + 78 = 0
9. D
(b) (24 , 0)
Let L1, L2 and L3 be the straight lines x + y = 6,
(c) 150
x + 3y = 0 and x  4y = 14 respectively.
3
Suppose that L1 and L2 meet at the point P, and L2 and (d)
2
L3 meet at the point Q.
 x  y  6 ............................. (1)
 2. (a) B(3 , 4), C(4 , 3)
 x  3 y  0 ............................. (2)
(b) no
(2)  (1): 2y = 6
(c) x  y  7 = 0, (10 , 3)
y=3
Substitute y = 3 into (1).
3. A 4. A 5. D 6. A
x + 3 = 6
7. D 8. C 9. A 10. A
x = 9
11. D 12. B 13. D 14. D
∴ The coordinates of P are (9 , 3).
15. A
 x  3 y  0 ............................. (3)

 x  4 y  14 ........................... (4)
Inquiry & Investigation (P.2.68)
(3)  (4): 7y = 14
Investigation steps
y = 2
 2 x  y  5  0 ............................... (1)
Substitute y = 2 into (3). 1. 
 x  3 y  1  0 ................................ (2)
x + 3(2) = 0
(2) 2: 2x + 6y  2 = 0 ................... (3)
x=6
(3)  (1): 7y  7 = 0
∴ The coordinates of Q are (6 , 2).
y=1
2  3 1 Substitute y = 1 into (2).
Slope of PQ = =
6  (9) 3
x  3(1)  1 = 0
Coordinates of the mid-point of PQ
x = 2
  9  6 3  (2) 
= ,  ∴ The required coordinates are (2 , 1).
 2 2 

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 Chapter 2: Equations of Straight Lines 99

Substitute (2 , 1) into y  1 = 0.

L.H.S. = 1  1
=0
2. (a) Substitute (2 , 1) into 2x  y + 5 = 0. = R.H.S.
L.H.S. = 2(2)  1 + 5 The coordinates of the point of intersection
=0 satisfy the equation of L.
= R.H.S. ∴ L passes through the point of intersection of
The coordinates of the point of intersection L1 and L2 .

satisfy the equation of L. 3

For k =  ,
∴ L passes through the point of intersection of 5
the equation of L is
L1 and L2 .
 3
(2x  y + 5) +   ( x  3 y  1) = 0
Substitute (2 , 1) into 3x + 2y + 4 = 0.  5
L.H.S. = 3(2) + 2(1) + 4 10x  5y + 25  3x  9y + 3 = 0
=0 7x  14y + 28 = 0
= R.H.S. x  2y + 4 = 0
The coordinates of the point of intersection Substitute (2 , 1) into x  2y + 4 = 0.
satisfy the equation of L. L.H.S. = 2  2(1) + 4
∴ L passes through the point of intersection of =0
L1 and L2 . = R.H.S.
3 The coordinates of the point of intersection
For k = ,
2 satisfy the equation of L.
the equation of L is
∴ L passes through the point of intersection of
3
(2x  y + 5) + (x + 3y  1) = 0 L1 and L2 .
2
4x  2y + 10 + 3x + 9y  3 = 0 (b) (i) ∵ (a , b) lies on L1.
7x + 7y + 7 = 0 ∴ 2a  b + 5 = 0
x+y+1=0 When x = a and y = b,
Substitute (2 , 1) into x + y + 1 = 0. 2x  y + 5 = 2a  b + 5 = 0
L.H.S. = 2 + 1 + 1 (ii) ∵ (a , b) lies on L2.
=0 ∴ a + 3b  1 = 0
= R.H.S. When x = a and y = b,
The coordinates of the point of intersection x  3y  1 = a + 3b  1 = 0
satisfy the equation of L. (iii) When x = a and y = b,
∴ L passes through the point of intersection of (2x  y + 5) + k(x + 3y  1)
L1 and L2 . = (2a  b + 5) + k(a + 3b  1)
For k = 2, = 0 + k(0)
the equation of L is =0
(2x  y + 5) + (2)(x + 3y  1) = 0 (c) From the results of (b), a change in the value of
2x  y + 5  2x  6y + 2 = 0 k does not affect the result of (b)(iii).
7y + 7 = 0
y1=0

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100 Solutions

3. ∵ (r , s) lies on both A1x + B1y + C1 = 0 and

A2x + B2y + C2 = 0.
∴ A1r + B1s + C1 = 0 and A2r + B2s + C2 = 0.
When x = r and y = s,
(A1x + B1y + C1) + k(A2x + B2y + C2)
= (A1r + B1s + C1) + k(A2r + B2s + C2)
= 0 + k(0)
=0

Conclusion
If two straight lines A1 x  B1 y  C1  0 and
A2 x  B2 y  C 2  0 intersect at only one point P , the
straight line ( A1 x  B1 y  C1 )  k ( A2 x  B2 y  C 2 )  0
passes through P.

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