EASTWOODS Professional College of Science and Technology 1

SCARY GUARDIAN

A Project Proposal

Presented to

EASTWOODS Professional College of Science and Technology

A.Y: 2023 – 2024

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree

Bachelor of Science in

Computer Engineering

By:

Aguinaldo, Erjohn J.

Anucension, Gienel A.

Manuel, Roxanne Mae F.

Pada, Lenard

December 00, 2023

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CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter provided an explanation of the study's overview. It provides a brief

overview of the research conducted. The study's background is followed by the problem

statement. The objectives of the study, the significant of the study the scope and

delimitations and the definition of terms.

Introduction

Automatic scarecrow technology is a simple and dependable method of

controlling major animal crop pests such as birds and animals. This Scarecrow reduces

crop damage by dispersing birds in a humane and safe manner. The project's main goal

was to design and build a dynamic bird repellent prototype that plays distress sounds to

scare away birds.

The Scary Guardian feature can be customized based on the type of animal being

targeted. For example, can be programmed to produce a specific sound frequency that is

more effective in preventing a specific bird species. The motion sensors' sensitivity can

also be adjusted to detect the movement of smaller or larger animals. The Scary Guardian

is typically set to operate during the day and turn off at night.

Agriculture is the foundation of the world's food supply, and it is critical for

protecting crops against pests and other animals that can harm them. Birds are one such

pest that can cause major harm. Traditional scarecrows have been used to keep birds from

damaging crops. Traditional scarecrows, on the other hand, have various drawbacks,

including the fact that birds can become used to them and avoid them. Scary guardians
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are more effective and long-term method for protecting crops from birds and other

animals.

The motion sensors' sensitivity can also be adjusted to detect the movement of

smaller or larger animals. The Scary Guardian is typically set to operate during the day

and turn off at night. This is done to conserve battery energy, as the scarecrow's electronic

components require a lot of power to function. Some models may include a backup

battery or a charging system, allowing them to run for longer periods of time.

The benefits of advances in agricultural technology, bird infestation continues to

be a significant challenge for farmers around the world, resulting in significant crop

losses and economic challenges. Traditional scarecrow methods have proven ineffective

in for a long-time bird prevention, leading to a more innovative and long-term solution.

Scary Guardian, which integrates sensors, artificial intelligence, and robotics to create

dynamic, responsive, and efficient bird deterrent systems, is emerging as a promising

alternative. However, several critical issues continue to impede Scary Guardian's

widespread adoption and effectiveness in agricultural practices.

Statement of the Problem

This study is about the Scary Guardian which will be of great benefit mainly to
the

Farmers.

Specifically, it aims to answer the following:

1) How the Scary Guardian can help the farmers in terms of:

a. Pest Control

b. Improved Crop Yield

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2) What are the different technologies and materials to create Scary Guardian?

3) How to test the accuracy of the Scary Guardian in terms of:

a. Pest Behavior Studies

b. Farmers' Feedback.

c. Field Trials

4) How can this scary guardian can be evaluated and emphasize its benefits in

terms of:

a. Perceive of Ease of use

b. Effectiveness in Pest Deterrence

Objectives of the Study

The study’s general objective is the implementation of Scary Guardian.

Specifically, it aimed to:

1) Determine How the Scary Guardian can help the farmers in terms of:

a. Pest Control

b. Improved Crop Yield

2) Identify the various technologies and materials that will be use to function the

Scary Guardian.

3) Identify the accuracy of the Scary Guardian in terms of:

a. Pest Behavior Studies

b. Farmers' Feedback.

c. Field Trials

4) Evaluate and highlight the benefits of the Scary Guardian in terms of:

a. Perceive of Ease of use

b. Effectiveness in Pest Deterrence

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Significance of the Study

This study explores the potential of how this device works in a Field of Agriculture

Farmers – For the Farmers, by protecting their crops from bird damage, smart

scarecrows ensure higher yields and increased income for farmers.

Agriculture Companies- for the agriculture companies, agricultural machine

technology empowers agriculture companies by enhancing efficiency, increasing

production, reducing costs, improving quality,

Consumers – For the Consumers, Scare Guardian provides additional advantages.

Agricultural produce remains common and prices can be stabilized by preventing crop

damage.

Future Researchers – For the Future researcher, this technology serves as a real-

world application for their research, leading to further innovations and discoveries.

Scope and Delimitation

The research study can maintain a focused approach while acknowledging the

limitations and boundaries within the research is conducted by defining the scope and

delimitation in this manner. This ensures a realistic and attainable research goal. The

research focuses on the development, enhancement, and optimization of Scary Guardian

technology, integrating advanced sensors, artificial intelligence, and robotics components.

Data analytics will be used to analyze bird behavior patterns, improving the algorithms'

effectiveness over time. The study acknowledges the limitations of long-term

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maintenance, bird species specificity, and environmental factors, but aims to develop

long-lasting Scary Guardian systems despite common agricultural weather conditions.

Definition of Terms

Agriculture - Agriculture is the art and science of cultivating the soil, growing crops, and

raising livestock.

Arduino - is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and

software.

Bird - is an animal with wings, feathers, and two legs. Birds, from chickens to crows, are

also warm-blooded and lay eggs.

Crop - a plant or plant product that can be grown and harvested extensively for profit or

subsistence.

Dc Motor - A Direct Current (DC) motor is a motor that turns energy from a direct

current and turns this into mechanical energy.

Motion Sensor - A motion detector is an electrical device that utilizes a sensor to detect

nearby motion.

Repellent - His ability to force something to stop moving toward you

Researchers - refers to individuals who engage in systematic investigation, study, or

inquiry to discover, interpret, or develop facts, theories, or principles.

Scarecrow - an object made to resemble a human figure, set up to scare birds away from

a field where crops are growing.

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Solar - Agriculture is the art and science of cultivating the soil, growing crops, and

raising livestock.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter contains a review of related literature and studies that are pertinent to

the study for a better understanding and development of the system. The researchers

assemble all of the information from various publications and journals on a website that

includes a reference from the paper's author. This may help to enhance the current study

by analyzing the literatures given.

The following are the important components that need be studied in order to

support the Scary Guardian.

Scarecrow

According to Manzi, Francisco (2019), based on the idea this research offered an

Automatic scarecrow technology is an easy and reliable way to control major avian crop

pests like birds and or animals. This Scarecrow decreases crop damage by dispersing

birds in a safe and human way. The main aim of the project was to design and construct a

bird repellent prototype that is dynamic and play sounds of distress to disperse off the

birds. Two wireless communicating devices being controlled by an Amega328P

microcontroller were developed with the help of RF modules consisting of sound

producing system, rotating system and a motion sensor which were used as inputs to the

microcontrollers when motion is detected, and the servo motors and the buzzer are

activated. When the system design was powered the servo motors rotated, and a sound of
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distress was produced after motion detection. In conclusion, the technology of this

modern scarecrow has many applications which include reducing financial loss due to

crop damage caused by birds, reliable, human and safe agricultural bird dispersal, and the

chosen bird control system for farming industry.

According to Mr. S.B.K. Reddy (2023), based on the idea of this research project

aims to design and develop a Smart Solar Scarecrow that utilizes renewable energy to

deter birds and other pests from damaging crops in agricultural fields. The Smart Solar

Scarecrow is equipped with various sensors and devices such as motion sensors, cameras,

and speakers that detect and scare off birds and animals that approach the crops. The

scarecrow is powered by solar panels that charge a battery, which in turn powers the

various sensors and devices. The system is designed to operate autonomously, with the

scarecrow activating only when needed, conserving energy and maximizing efficiency.

The Smart Solar Scarecrow is an innovative solution that addresses the growing need for

sustainable and eco-friendly methods to protect crops. It provides farmers with an

effective and lowcost way to prevent crop damage and increase yield while reducing their

environmental footprint. The project also highlights the potential of renewable energy to

power innovative solutions for the agricultural industry.

According to Rahul Mapari (2021), As our country’s subsistence farmers continue

to encroach on natural ecosystems, the interaction between farmers and animals grows,

resulting in conflicts. We investigated how raiding patterns fluctuate with different

seasons, farm land, and crop varieties. A smart scarecrow system has been proposed here

to minimize crop raiding and man animal conflict from wild animals and birds. The

scaring system works in three parts, such as object detection, message sending, and
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automatic height adjustment. Object detection is done by the PIR sensor and preventive

action has been taken by initiating a servo, speaker, and blinking light. After object

detection, alert will be sent by IoT cloud to the farm owner. Depending upon seasonal

cropping, the pattern height of the system gets automatically adjusted by using motor,

string pulley, and sliding drawer mechanism after the activation of ultrasonic sensor. The

proposed study obtains the samples from different farms that are combined and observed

how the object detection vary day and night in three seasons in order to provide the

overall system efficiency. It is more convenient and cost effective than traditional scaring

strategies like trapping, hunting, and wood fencing. The present system is made up of

metal body, which does not require any manpower and at the same time, it can work

under any worst climate conditions.

Agriculture protection

According to Mapari et al. (2022) As subsistence farmers in our country continue

to encroach on natural ecosystems, the interaction between farmers and animals

intensifies, resulting in conflicts. We looked at how raiding patterns change with the

seasons, farm land, and crop varieties. Here, a smart scarecrow system is proposed to

reduce crop raiding and man-animal conflict from wild animals and birds. The scaring

system is divided into three sections: object detection, message transmission, and

automatic height adjustment. The PIR sensor detects objects and takes preventive action

by activating a servo, speaker, and blinking light. After detecting an object, the IoT cloud

will send an alert to the farm owner. As subsistence farmers in our country continue to

encroach on natural ecosystems, the interaction between farmers and animals intensifies,

resulting in conflicts. We looked at how raiding patterns change with the seasons, farm
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land, and crop varieties. Here, a smart scarecrow system is proposed to reduce crop

raiding and man-animal conflict from wild animals and birds. The scaring system is

divided into three sections: object detection, message transmission, and automatic height

adjustment. The PIR sensor detects objects and takes preventive action by activating a

servo, speaker, and blinking light. After detecting an object, the IoT cloud will send an

alert to the farm owner.

In additional, according to Mayland et al. (2014) The first simulation software

simulator with high accuracy is used to support this process and obtain the appropriate

calculation. With the establishment of rice pest repellent technology that is automatically

solar powered, it is possible to create an automated tool to repel rice pests, rice pest

population control, energy saving, power, cost, time, effective, practical, environmentally

friendly, and has a high efficiency in its use, so that farming communities can develop

their businesses and produce the maximum amount of agricultural products.

According to Rani et al. (2013) Crop damage caused by animal attacks is one of

the most serious threats to crop yield. Crop in farms is frequently broken by local animals

such as buffalos, cows, and goats, wild animals such as bears, monkeys, wild pigs,

elephants, and so on, and many other birds such as sparrows, crows, and pigeons. These

can cause significant crop damage, resulting in significant losses for farmers. It is difficult

for field owners to construct physical barriers and monitor the entire field. Existing

systems rely heavily on observation. Farmers take actions based on the animal that has

entered. Other methods used by farmers to prevent crop destruction by animals include

the construction of barricades, electrical fences, and manual surveillance.

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Birds

According to Olimpi et al. (2020) Although some birds are considered pests and vectors

of foodborne pathogens in farmlands, birds also benefit growers by consuming pests.

While many farmers try to keep birds out of their fields, few studies have attempted to

quantify the net effects of bird services and disservices, let alone how net effects vary

across farm management strategies. The net effect of birds on crop production was

quantified across 20 California strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) farms that differed in local

management practices and landscape context. We surveyed farms for berry damage and

bird droppings (both of which could be pathogen sources) and conducted a largescale

exclusion experiment to determine the impact of birds on production. Birds had a

marginally negative overall impact on strawberry production, reducing economic value

by 3.6%. Direct bird damage and intraguild predation both contributed equally to this net

effect, highlighting the importance of indirect trophic interactions that growers may be

unaware of.

According to Kale et al. (2012) Nearly 65% of Indians rely on agriculture for economic

survival, either directly or indirectly. Farmers' annual income is heavily influenced by

crop yield, which is constantly decreasing due to natural phenomena and inadequate

technological advancement. However, special consideration should be given to bird-

caused damage. While the precise amount of yield loss caused by birds is unknown,

farmers use a variety of traditional and conventional techniques to grow and store grains

and fruits. Many of the methods used result in the extinction of rare birds. To avoid

irreversible harm to Indian biodiversity, alternative techniques such as dialogue with

farmers, grain storage authorities, and experts in ornithology, agricultural sectors, and
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field visits are needed. This study investigates crop yield loss due to birds, investigates

farmer repelling techniques, and addresses the effects of integrated methods on bird

biodiversity in India. The project demonstrates the significance of an interdisciplinary

approach in developing an eco-friendly technique to reduce the loss of both birds and

crops.

According to Mofokeng and Shargie (2016) Sorghum is a versatile crop that is

grown all over the world for food, feed, fodder, and biofuel. It thrives in marginal

environments where other cereal crops fail. However, its production is hampered by

abiotic and biotic stressors. Birds are a major pest that limit sorghum grain production.

Field sizes, proximity to roosting sites, planting density, weed control, variety selection,

and timing of farm operations all influence the ability of birds to damage crop plants.

Nonetheless, various methods of bird control have been used, including the use of

chemicals, repellents, bird scaring, lethal and non-lethal methods, as well as host plant

resistance. Because tannins are present in bitter sorghum varieties, host plant resistance

may be an effective control strategy. To improve crop production and productivity, more

emphasis should be placed on breeding for bird resistance.

Arduino

According to Yida (2022) Arduino is a platform for creating electronic projects

that is both free and open source. It consists of a computer-based IDE (Integrated

Development Environment) software and a physical programmable circuit board, also

known as a microcontroller. It is becoming increasingly popular among novice electronics

users due to the fact that new code can be loaded into the board without the need for a

separate piece of hardware known as a programmer. Furthermore, the Arduino IDE

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employs a condensed version of C++, which aids in programming learning. Finally, it

provides a standard form factor that divides the microcontroller's functions into a more

manageable package.

According to Evans (2011) Arduino is a platform for creating electronic projects

that is both free and open source. It consists of a computer-based IDE (Integrated

Development Environment) software and a physical programmable circuit board, also

known as a microcontroller. It is becoming increasingly popular among novice

electronics users due to the fact that new code can be loaded into the board without the

need for a separate piece of hardware known as a programmer. Furthermore, the Arduino

IDE employs a condensed version of C++, which aids in programming learning. Finally,

it provides a standard form factor that divides the microcontroller's functions into a more

manageable package.

According to Arduino (2011) In terms of sensing and controlling the real world,

an open-source technology known as Arduino can be used to create computers that are

more capable than desktop computers. It is an open-source physical computing platform

with a development environment for creating software on a basic microcontroller board.

C or C++ is the programming language used to create the software.

The Arduino development board is a physical computer platform, similar to a wire, that is

centered on Programming environment for multimedia processing.

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CHAPTER III

This chapter presents the research design and methodology used in this study

including the methods, project development methodology study respondents research

instruments technologies used software testing model and technology acceptance model

the researchers utilize this method to discuss all the processes of Portable Sorting

Machine.

Method of Research

The researchers used a qualitative research methodology which allow them to dig

deeper and deeper into the response of respondents. This methodology focuses on

acquiring data through convention and data collection procedures since it is more

communicative and detailed this technique is easier to understand and more appropriate

for such problem.

According to T Vishnevsky, H Beanlands (2004) Qualitative research focuses in

understanding a research query as a humanistic or idealistic approach. Though

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quantitative approach is a more reliable method as it is based upon numeric and methods

that can be made objectively and propagated by other researchers. Qualitative method is

used to understand people’s beliefs, experiences, attitudes, behavior, and interactions. It

generates non-numerical data.

Research Locale

The study us conducted in the rural farming community of sapang Balas

Dinalupihan Bataan. The researchers obtained the necessary permissions from Hon.

Rolando Montemayor, the Barangay captain of sapang balas was chosen as the research

within this locale. Saguing Bataan, was chosen as the research locale due to its

agricultural significance and the presence of local farmers will directly benefit from the

research findings. This location provides a suitable environment for Scary Guardian.

Respondents of the study

The respondents for the study are the farmers of sapang balas Din Bataan where

Rolando Montemayor barangay captain of sapang balas granted the researchers

permission to deploy and conduct interview along with a survey for the study there are 22

individuals to find out the satisfaction of the respondents the researchers used the

technology acceptance model questionnaire the respondents are asked to rate on a scale of

1-5 based on the project.

Project Development Technology

Rapid application development is a software development methodology that uses

minimal planning in favor of rapid prototyping. A prototype is a working model that is

functionally equivalent to a component of the product.

Following are the various phases of the RAD Model.

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Process
Business Data modelling modelling
Modelling

Application
Testing and
Turnover Generation

Different stages of the RAD (Rapid Application Development) model

Business Modelling- The business model for the product under development is designed

in terms of flow of information and the distribution of information between various

business channels.

Data Modelling- The information gathered in the Business Modelling phase is reviewed

and analyzed to form sets of data objects vital for the business.

Process Modelling- The data object sets defined in the Data Modelling phase are

converted to establish the business information flow needed to achieve specific

Application Generation-The actual system is built and coding is done by using

automation tools to convert process and data models into actual prototypes.

Testing and Turnover- The overall testing time is reduced in the RAD model as the

prototypes are independently tested during every iteration.

Research Instruments

Researchers are various data collection tool to analyze and understand the problems

to be solved in the research process. The various qualitative methods used to collect data

are listed below.

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Internet Research- a tool used to collect, measure, and analyze data related to your

research interests.

Interview – to collect primary data by asking one or more people about their opinions,

experiences or perspectives on a particular topic or subject matter.

Observation – A way to gather data by watching people, events, or noting physical

characteristics in their natural setting.

Survey- the collection of information from a sample of individuals through their

responses to questions.

Questionnaire – a list of questions or items used to gather data from respondents about

their attitudes, experiences, or opinions.

Video Recording -beneficial for qualitative methods of research, such as focus groups or

interviews.

Technology to be used

Solar- Solar power is energy from the sun that is converted into thermal or electrical

energy. Motion Sensor – motion detector is an electrical device that utilizes a sensor to

detect nearby motion.

DC Motor- DC motor is an electrical motor that uses direct current (DC) to produce

mechanical force.

Speaker – Speakers are standard output devices used with computer systems that enable

the listener to listen to a sound as an outcome.

Arduino- an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and

software.
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Technology Acceptance Model

Researchers use the technology acceptance model (TAM) to check the quality

characteristic of the project and user acceptance. The quality of the project must meet the

established needs and demands of its various users TAM is used by researchers because it

is a data framework hypothesis that predicts how people come to recognize and employ

an invention

This technology acceptance model is divided into two primary factor to determine

the use of the technology to emphasize the user’s perspective the perceived usefulness

and perceived ease of use.