Acid Base Titrations Name: Louise Liu Class: Chemistry (SCH3U-01) Date Performed: 12th /Jan./2011,Wednesday Date Submitted:18th/Jan.

/2011,Tuesday Group: 8 Partner: Saaya Machino

 Purpose: Determine the concentration of the unknown acid by exactly neutralizing the acid with a base of known concentration. Theory: A known volume of the sample to be analyzed is usually transferred into an Erlenmeyer flask. The solution in the burette is added, drop by drop, to the sample. Alternatively, the standard solution could be in the flask, so the solution of unknown concentration would be the titrant. The titrant is added drop by drop until the reaction is judged to be complete. To help us identify this point, we select an indicator that changes color when the reaction is complete. The point at which the indicator changes color is called the endpoint. When a weak acid reacts with a weak base, the equivalence point solution will be basic if the base is stronger and acidic if the acid is stronger. If both are of equal strength, then the equivalence pH will be neutral. However, weak acids are not often titrated against weak bases because the color change shown with the indicator is often quick, and therefore very difficult for the observer to see the change of color. First, the burette should be rinsed with distilled water, rinsed with standard solution. Secondly, a known volume of the unknown concentration solution should be taken with the pipette and placed into the titration flask, along with a small amount of the indicator chosen.

The burette should always be filled to the top of its scale with the known solution for ease of reading. The known solution should then be allowed out of the burette, into the titration flask. When the reaction is completed and the indicator suddenly changes color, stop the titration and record the volume of titrant used. So the amount of this solution it took to neutralize the unknown solution will be observed. The solution should be let out of the burette until the indicator changes color and the value on the burette should be recorded. Chemically equivalent amounts of reactants, as determined by the mole ratio in the balanced chemical equation, have now been combined. Three more titrations should be performed, this time more accurately, taking into account roughly where the end point will occur. These three results are then averaged before carrying out further calculations.The readings on the burette at the end point should be recorded, and averaged to give a final result. The end point is reached when the indicator just changes color permanently. This is best achieved by washing a hanging drop from the tip of the burette into the flask right at the end of the titration to achieve a drop that is smaller in volume than what can usually be achieved by just dripping solution off the burette. Acid-base titration is performed with an indicator, when it is a strong acid - strong base titration, phenolphthalein changes from colorless to pink.

 Materials: Burette, Pipette, Suction bulb, Retort stand, Burette clamp, Distilled water, 100ml beaker, 50ml beaker, 50ml Erlenmeyer, Indicator. Procedure: 1. A burette was washed, rinsed with distilled water, and rinsed with the supplied sodium hydroxide solution. Be sure to some NaOH is ran through the tip of the burette. The burette was placed in the clamp and the standard NaOH solution was filled. 2. 10ml of the unknown acid was placed in a titration flask and one drop of acid/base indicator was added. 3. The base was add to the acid slowly until the indicator starts to change color, then 1 drop was added at a time until a permanent color change is observed. 4. Your data was recorded as ml of base used, ml of acid used. 5. Step 2 and 3 were repeated until three sets of duplicate results were gotten. Observation: When adding base to the acid, the color of indicator will changes suddenly at the endpoint. The color of acid changes from colorless to pink, which means acid and base are neutralized.

Observation of Titration

10ml Acid B & 0.15mol/L NaOH Initial Amount of NaOH 50.00ml 50.00ml 50.00ml Final Amount of NaOH (at endpoint) 39.50ml 40.10ml 39.95ml Volume of NaOH 10.50ml 9.90ml 10.05ml Color of Acid Pink Pink Pink

Discussion: When adding strong base to the strong acid, neutralize reaction is happened. Indicator changes to pink at the endpoint, which means reaction is finished completely. The average volume of NaOH is (10.50ml+9.90ml+10.05ml)/3=10.15ml CAVA=CBVB Where VA=Volume of Acid, VB= Volume of Base, CA=Concentration of Acid, CB=Concentration of Base. CA*10ml=0.15mol/L*10.15ml CA=0.15225mol/L Therefore, the concentration of acid is 0.2mol/L.

Conclusion:

The concentration of Acid B is 0.2mol/L while 10ml Acid B is neutralized by 0.15mol/L 10.15ml NaOH.