BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

The National Engineering University

College of Industrial Technology 1

Design and implementation of a Solar Powered Electrodialysis Reversal

A Project Development Study

presented to the

Faculty of College of Industrial Technology

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

The National Engineering University

Alangilan Campus

Alangilan, Batangas City

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Industrial Technology

Major in Electrical Technology

By:

Mabini, Cian Ly Andrei A.

Macatangay, John Mel Abhen M.

Mendoza, Karl Mikhael

2023

CHAPTER I
 BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
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College of Industrial Technology 2

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

In this chapter provides the introduction, background of the study, objectives,

significance of the study, and scope, limitation and delimitation of this study.

Introduction

Electrodialysis reversal is a water desalination process in which electricity is

applied to electrodes to pull naturally occurring dissolved salts through an ion exchange

membrane to separate the water from salts. The polarity of Electrodialysis Reversal

alternately exposed membrane surfaces and the water flow paths to concentrate with a

tendency to precipitate scale and desalted water that tends to dissolve scale. This allows

the process to operate with supersaturated concentrate streams up to specific limits

without chemical additions to prevent scale formation.

According to Benvenuti (2022), Electrodialysis reversal causes a small decrease

in the diluted feed quality and requires increased complexity infrastructures, as reversible

valves are required to change the flow direction of diluted and concentrated streams.

However, it greatly increases ion exchange membrane durability, and membrane cleaning

prevents electrical resistance increase of membrane as deposits accumulate in the

membrane pores.

Solar energy is a clean source of energy that is available in all regions. Solar energy

can be effectively achieved by using an electrodialysis process operated with photovoltaic cells. This

method is attractive because electrodialysis requires a D.C. power supply as the driving force for

removing the salt ions.

 BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
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Background of the study

Access to clean and potable water is a fundamental human right, but in many

regions, the scarcity of freshwater resources poses a significant challenge. Desalination,

specifically electrodialysis reversal (EDR), is an effective method for converting brackish

or seawater into freshwater. However, the energy consumption associated with EDR

processes is a major concern, and the reliance on fossil fuels exacerbates environmental

issues. To address this problem, there is a growing need to design and implement a solar-

powered EDR system for sustainable desalination.

Objective of the study

The main focus of the research is the development and implementation of a Solar

Powered Electrodialysis Reversal Specifically, it aims:

1. To create a design of Solar Powered Electrodialysis Reversal in terms of:

1.1 Material Used

1.2 Technical Specification

2. To fabricate a solar-powered electrodialysis reversal that utilizes locally

available materials

3. To determine the parameters of the system in terms of:

3.1 Power Consumption

3.2 Input Voltage

3.3 Flow Rates

3.4 Frequency
 BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
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4. Evaluate the performance of the system in terms of the following parameters

4.1 Feed Concentration

4.2 Current Efficiency

4.3 Percent Yield

5. Develop a cost-benefit analysis to determine the economic viability of the

fabricated system.

Significance of the Study

The results that were generated from this study are perceived to be beneficial to

the following:

To isla verde people, this study will be more efficient for the people as this will

be serve a tool for them to have a Solar Powered Electrodialysis Reversal

To Isla verde people, the project will help them to have ay good water

production for their farm or crops.

To Future Researchers, this study will provide information about the creation

and construction of Solar Powered Electrodialysis Reversal . This will also be a basis for

the future development of Design and implementation of a Solar Powered Electrodialysis

Reversal

Scope, Limitation and Delimitation of the Study.

This study focused on the Design and implementation of a Solar Powered

 BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
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College of Industrial Technology 5

Electrodialysis Reversal. Well as the construction of the project will concentrate on the

conceptual and theoretical design of a solar-powered electrodialysis reversal (EDR)

system. Detailed engineering or construction plans for every component of the system

may not be included due to resource and time constraints. The scope will be limited to a

particular application such as small-scale water desalination or purification. The design

will consider the requirements of this specific application but may not cover diverse uses

or broader industrial applications. While the project will cover the fundamental

components of the EDR system, it may not delve deeply into the intricacies of individual

components like ion exchange membranes or specific electrode materials. The project

will touch upon the expected performance of the designed system concerning energy

efficiency, water production rate, and quality. However, a comprehensive performance

evaluation involving extensive field testing or real-time data analysis may not be feasible

within the project's scope. The respondents of the study were composed of electrical

college students of Batangas State University. The results of this study are applicable

only to the respondents of this study. The purpose of this study, according to the

researchers, was to help electrical students install wiring correctly and determine the

efficacy of electrical training programs. It also aimed to improve students' learning

abilities through the development of new programs.

Definition of terms

For better understanding of study, to the following term use in the study are
 BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
College of Industrial Technology 6

conceptually and operationally and defined.

Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is practically a salt battery that uses the transport of

(salt) ions through membranes.

Solar energy is a clean source of energy that is available in all regions of the

world. Bahrain, where the present research was conducted, is rich in solar energy

expressed as hours of sunshine which ranges between 13 h per day in the summer months

to 10 h per day in the winter months. Water desalination by solar energy can be

effectively achieved by using an electrodialysis process operated with photovoltaic cells.

Solar-powered electrodialysis desalinations are appropriate for localities with high

sunshine, and less or no access to grid power has presented an experimental small-scale

PV-powered electrodialysis desalination to evaluate the effect of the product flow rate

and SFW temperature on the freshwater's quality.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

 BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
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College of Industrial Technology 7

This chapter includes conceptual literature, research literature and synthesis of the

study. Related Literature and Studies, both from foreign and local sources.

Conceptual Literature

This presents the relevant topic about the principles and basic concepts of the

Creation and Construction of Scale Model Residential Electrical Training System that

provided the proponents enough information needed to work on with the research study.

Sustainable Water Resource Management

The principal aim is to facilitate the sustainable management of water resources

by offering an eco-friendly and renewable desalination option. By using solar energy to

power the EDR system, this initiative aims to lessen dependency on scarce fossil fuels

and lessen the carbon footprint left by traditional desalination techniques.

Renewable Energy Integration

The goal of the study is to show how incorporating renewable energy sources—

specifically, solar power—into water desalination processes is both feasible and

advantageous. This demonstrates how solar energy can be used to diversify energy

sources and lessen the negative environmental effects of water treatment systems.

Energy Efficiency and Cost Reduction

Through the use of solar energy, the research seeks to maximize the energy

efficiency of the EDR system and, in the process, lower the operational costs related to

desalination. Additionally, it aims to make the technology economically feasible and

 BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
College of Industrial Technology 8

affordable for various industries and communities.

Environmental Impact Reduction

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions and brine discharge into the environment are

two examples of how the study aims to assess and minimize the environmental impact of

desalination. The project aims to reduce the detrimental effects on the environment

caused by traditional desalination techniques by utilizing clean solar energy

Community And Regional Impact

By making clean, sustainable freshwater sources accessible, the project hopes to

have a positive effect on local communities and areas. In addition to areas with limited

water resources, it can help businesses and the agricultural sector that depend on a stable

water supply.

Research Literature

This chapter presents the related literature and studies from books, journals,

magazines, worldwide web, and unpublished materials arranged logically that provide

valuable understandings and use as foundation of this study.

Foreign Literature

Electrodialysis reversal (EDR) is an electrodialysis reversal water desalination

membrane process that has been commercially used since the early 1960s.[1] An electric

current migrates dissolved salt ions, including fluorides, nitrates and sulfates, through an

electrodialysis stack consisting of alternating layers of cationic and anionic ion exchange
 BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
College of Industrial Technology 9

membranes. Periodically (3-4 times per hour), the direction of ion flow is reversed by

reversing the polarity of the applied electric current (William E., 1979).

Current reversal reduces clogging of membranes, as salt deposits in the membrane

gets dissolved when the current flow is reversed. Electrodialysis reversal causes a small

decrease in the diluted feed quality and requires increased complexity infrastructures, as

reversible valves are required to change the flow direction of diluted and concentrated

streams. However, it greatly increases ion exchange membranes durability, and

membrane cleaning prevents electrical resistance increase of membrane as deposits

accumulate in the membrane pores (Maria.,2019).

The polarity reversal of EDR alternately exposed membrane surfaces and the

water flow paths to concentrate with a tendency to precipitate scale and desalted water

that tends to dissolve scale. This allows the process to operate with supersaturated

concentrate streams up to specific limits without chemical additions to prevent scale

formation (Kayo, 2022).

Electrodialysis is a process which has been in commercial use for desalination of

brackish water for the past three decades, particularly for small- and medium-scale

processes in the range of 500 to 1 million gallons per day. The process utilizes a DC

electric field to remove the salt ions in the brackish water which passes between pairs of

cation and anion membranes. The cation (positive ions) migrate from the brackish water

towards the negative electrode through the cation membranes which allow only cations to

pass. On the other hand, the anions migrate towards the anode through the anion

membranes. In an actual process, a large number of alternating cation and anion

 BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
College of Industrial Technology 10

membranes are stacked together, speparated by flow spacers which are plastic sheets that

allow the passage of water. The streams in alternating flow spacers are a sequence of

diluted and concentrated water which flow in parallel to each other. To prevent scaling,

the modern processes utilize inverters which reverse the polarity of the electric field

about every 20 min. This process is called electrodialysis reversal (H.M.N, 2002).

The process requires DC power and the commercial processes have AC to DC

converters for this purpose. Hence, the use of photovoltaic cells becomes attractive for

areas in which solar energy is available throughout the year. The literature published on

the use of solar energy for electrodialysis and other membrane processes such as reverse

osmosis is limited. Ishimaru studied the reliability of an electrodialysis system operated

by photovoltaic cells in remote areas to desalinate a feed water with TDS value of 1500

ppm. The 200 m3/day unit was reported to produce drinking water of satisfactory quality

during the 2-year period of study. Bassuoni studied the production of desalinated water,

as well as hydrogen, as a future source of energy by electodialysis using solar energy.

Anis et al. presented a system for water desalination by a reverse osmosis system

powered by photovoltaic cell. Abdul-Fattah reviewed the various methods of utilizing

solar energy for water desalination using reverse osmosis and electrodialysis, as well

other processes. Ionics Inc. have developed a small scale process for water desalination

using solar powered electrodialysis. A number of demonstration solar-powered reverse

osmosis units have also been tested in Saudi Arabia, Italy and other areas (Madani, 2003)

Local Literature

The Philippines is surrounded by coastal areas and these areas can be a potential
 BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
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College of Industrial Technology 11

source for potable water. This study aims to design and construct a solar powered

desalination system using Fresnel lens. The experimental study was conducted using

polluted salt water for the sample and desalination was carried out using the designed

system. The desalination system was composed of the solar concentrator, solar still and

the condenser system. The Fresnel lens was made of acrylic plastic and was an effective

solar concentrator. Solar stills made of dark colored glass bottles were effective in

absorbing the solar energy (Materials Science and Engineering, 2016).

The Ilijan Plant, developed by KEILCO-KEPCO Ilijan Corporation, is located in

the Island of Luzon, about 100 miles south of Manila, Philippines. It is a combined cycle

power plant and at 1,200 MW generating capacity, is the largest power plant in the

Philippines. The plant consists of two power blocks, which share a common membrane

based Seawater Desalination system for their make-up water requirements. The

desalination system sources water from the Luzon Sea and has a total installed capacity of

3.8 MGD. The offshore area consists of a sandy bottom for about 30 to 50 meters and

then drops steeply to deeper waters. The desalination system receives chlorinated

seawater; however, due to the variations in the free residual chlorine, a hypochlorite feed

system was provided as part of the water treatment package. Since feed from a deep-

water source is relatively low in suspended solids, BOD and Oil & Grease, the

pretreatment system consists of two stage contact filtrations with a flocculation tank

upstream to ensure proper reaction time for the coagulant and polymer. Due to high flow

rate, the dual media filters are provided in horizontal configuration and consist of a

primary & polishing filter battery of 3 x 50% units (Aquatech International LLC, 2017 ).
 BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
College of Industrial Technology 12

Desalination is a process that removes salt and other dissolved contaminants in

saline water. A development in the field of fresh water technology system today for

portability purposes includes processes, which are highly expensive process. Thus, there

is a need to develop a new desalination system that is economical and easy to operate.

This paper investigates the use of desalination process to generate potable water from

saltwater using distillation set-up (Tolosa,2008).

Fresh water withdrawals refer to the total fresh water withdrawn in a given year,

expressed as a percentage of total renewable water resource. Withdrawals can exceed 100

percent of total renewable resource where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or

desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Exploratory

data analysis using Fractal Statistics were used to determine significant information about

the global freshwater extractions of the different countries. Fractal Statistics Analysis, has

determined the data to be exponential in distribution across regions and the impact of

water scarcity on countries is fractal. Other significant issues are over-extraction of

underground water, fresh water depletion, and environmental degradation (Salazar,2015).

Ira V. (2019) discusses the mobile and solar powered water purification system

using the electrodialysis reversal. The journal tackles the development of water

purification system in rural areas powered either by AC supply or solar energy. With the

use of electrodes and electrical current, the device he created provides a practical way to

remove contaminants, such as bacteria, from brackish water. A power source,

photovoltaic cell, battery, treatment and test tanks, electrodes, carbon and resin filters, an

LCD display, a numeric keypad, and a microprocessor are among the system's important
 BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
College of Industrial Technology 13

parts. Three microbiological tests are performed to evaluate the quality of the water

produced: the fecal coliform test, the total coliform test, and the heterotrophic plate count

test. Extensive testing in association with a Department of Health (DOH) licensed water

testing laboratory has shown that producing five gallons of drinkable water in an hour is

feasible.

While a study of United Nations (2021) discusses the record of La Union,

Philippines of preventing the sustainable clean water utilizing the solar powered

desalination for water scarce islands and costal regions in their location. Their method

indicates and provide premium-quality water at a competitive market price, a water

dispensary was opened. Freshwater generated by the water production unit is

continuously 11 m3/day. In addition to lowering carbon dioxide emissions by 11 tons per

year, the desalination process used here helps the community become self-sufficient. The

training of local employees has enhanced the resilience and sustainability of the water

supply through cooperative efforts with the local partner and Elemental Water Makers.

This has resulted in additional benefits for the community, including greater water

availability and affordability. Water is essential to life, hence its scarcity immediately

impedes family and regional local economic development, as the expansion of businesses

depends on the availability of water. The water kiosk's launch has given kiosk staff

members more understanding and a steady revenue, reducing the time and expenses of

water collection by 43%, which were previously connected to the community's efforts to

obtain water. By guaranteeing La Union's citizens have access to consistently high-

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The National Engineering University
College of Industrial Technology 14

quality drinking water standards, this has further aided in economic development and

enhanced their health.

The world's freshwater resources are restricted due to the ever-increasing

population and the finite supply. Therefore, in order to meet the increasing demand for

water and water facilities that are inexpensive, accessible, safe, and of acceptable quality,

sustainable alternatives must be explored. The growing need for water supplies is

especially noticeable in many foreign nations that do not even have access to basic

potable water services. Worldwide, there is a persistent and urgent problem with water

scarcity. In order to meet the ever increasing demand for water, it is imperative to find

sufficient, secure, and reasonably priced water. With an emphasis on the Philippines, this

review article seeks to analyze desalination technology as a tactical response to Southeast

Asia's water scarcity issue. We examine several desalination technologies and talk about

the benefits and drawbacks of each. The two groups of these technologies are membrane

separation and thermal distillation. The processes of thermal distillation are freezing

(FRZ), humidification-dehumidification (HDH), vapor compression (VC), multi-stage

flash (MSF), sun desalination (SD), and multi-effect distillation (MED). Membrane

distillation (MD), electrodialysis (ED), reverse osmosis (RO), and forward osmosis (FO)

are examples of membrane separation techniques. The researchers outline a number of

recently developed desalination technology applications in the Philippines and emphasize

the difficulties in putting these technologies into practice. The authors also discuss the

potential applications of hybrid desalination systems and other desalination technologies

 BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
College of Industrial Technology 15

in the Philippines in the future. The main goal of this review paper is to enlighten

scientists and businesspeople involved in water purification about the possible

applications of desalination technology in regions experiencing water scarcity. It

emphasizes how crucial it is to set up sustainable water producing facilities. Communities

may experience severe difficulties getting access to clean water, healthcare, and

sanitation if swift action is not taken. (Noel T. & Pamela U., 2022)

Synthesis of the Study

The previous studies are well-chosen by the researchers as relevant to the study.

The similarities and differences are presented here.

According to William E. (1979), Electrodialysis reversal (EDR) is an

electrodialysis reversal water desalination membrane process that has been commercially

used since the early 1960s. Current reversal reduces clogging of membranes, as salt

deposits in the membrane gets dissolved when the current flow is reversed.

While Maria. E (2019) discusses the polarity reversal of EDR alternately exposed

membrane surfaces and the water flow paths to concentrate with a tendency to precipitate

scale and desalted water that tends to dissolve scale. The process utilizes a DC electric

field to remove the salt ions in the brackish water which passes between pairs of cation

and anion membranes. The cation (positive ions) migrates from the brackish water

towards the negative electrode through the cation membranes which allow only cations to

pass.

Ishimaru studied the reliability of an electrodialysis system operated by

photovoltaic cells in remote areas to desalinate a feed water with TDS value of 1500
 BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
College of Industrial Technology 16

ppm. Abdul-Fattah reviewed the various methods of utilizing solar energy for water

desalination using reverse osmosis and electrodialysis, as well other processes.

The literature from Materials Science and Engineering (2016) highlighted that the

Philippines is surrounded by coastal areas and these areas can be a potential source for

potable water. The experimental study was conducted using polluted salt water for the

sample and desalination was carried out using the designed system.

The desalination system sources water from the Luzon Sea and has a total

installed capacity of 3.8 MGD as for the journal of Aquatech International LLC (2017).

The desalination system receives chlorinated seawater; however, due to the variations in

the free residual chlorine, a hypochlorite feed system was provided as part of the water

treatment package.

A development in the field of fresh water technology system today for portability

purposes includes processes, which are highly expensive process. This paper investigates

the use of desalination process to generate potable water from saltwater using distillation

set-up (Tolosa,2008).

Fresh water withdrawals refer to the total fresh water withdrawn in a given year,

expressed as a percentage of total renewable water resource. Fractal Statistics Analysis,

has determined the data to be exponential in distribution across regions and the impact of

water scarcity on countries is Fractal. (2019) discusses the mobile and solar powered

water purification system using the electrodialysis reversal. The journal tackles the

development of water purification system in rural areas powered either by AC supply or

solar energy.
 BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
College of Industrial Technology 17

While a study of United Nations (2021) discusses the record of La Union,

Philippines of preventing the sustainable clean water utilizing the solar powered

desalination for water scarce islands and coastal regions in their location. Freshwater

generated by the water production unit is continuously 11 m3/day. Therefore, in order to

meet the increasing demand for water and water facilities that are inexpensive, accessible,

safe, and of acceptable quality, sustainable alternatives must be explored. With an

emphasis on the Philippines, this review article seeks to analyze desalination technology

as a tactical response to Southeast Asia's water scarcity issue.

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the development procedures and methods used by

researchers. It also covers discussion of tools, equipment and materials used in the
 BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
College of Industrial Technology 18

project.

Conceptual Framework

The study aimed to develop and implement a solar-powered electrodialysis

reversal. Researchers conducted the conceptual framework utilizing a CDIO (Conceive –

Design – Implement – Operate) Model.

In the conceiving stage, the study involved knowing and analyzing the operation

of electrodialysis reversal and its connection to a solar-powered system. The material

specification and system components were also considered in this stage for the

development of the system.

The design phase encompasses the hardware and software requirements necessary

for the system’s fabrication. The hardware specifications include the design layout,

system components, fabrication of the machine, material specifications and dimensions.

Solidworks and Autocad is a computer-aided design and engineering application for solid

modeling was used to create the proposed design to meet the software requirements.

The fabrication procedures followed in the implementation stage were centered in

using locally available material to fabricate the prototype. Preliminary testing was

conducted to determine if the system needed modification. Parameters such as power

consumed, input voltage, flow rates and frequency were identified. Following this,

performance testing was carried out which revealed the feed concentration, current

efficiency and percent yield of the operation.

Lastly, for the operation stage, the fabricated solar-powered electrodialysis

 BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
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reversal served as the final output of the study together with the operation, maintenance

and safety precaution manual of the system.

CONCEIVE DESIGN IMPLEMENT OPERATE

Knowledge Hardware Fabrication
requirements Requirements 1. Fabrication
1.Analysis of 1. Design Layout Procedures
Electrodialysis
Reversal 2. Fabrication of Preliminary Fabricated Solar-
the Machine Testing Powered
2.Analysis of Solar 1. Power Electrodialysis
Powered 3. Material Consumption Reversal
Connections Specification 2. Input Voltage
3. Flow Rates Operation,
3.Material 4. Dimensions 4. Frequency Maintenance and
Specification and Safety Precaution
System Software Performance Manual
Components Requirements Testing
1. Solidworks 1. Feed
2. AutoCad Concentration
2. Current
Efficiency
3. Percent Yield

Figure 1: Research Paradigm of the Study

Research Design

This research study aimed to develop and establish research to come up with a

desirable and useful output that can be used by electrical major students at the College of
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The National Engineering University
College of Industrial Technology 20

Industrial Technology and, the instructor that serves as a teaching tool during laboratory

hours. The students will learn more by installing a trainer that will add knowledge for

them. The knowledge and information were adapted from the existing systematic work

drawing as developmental research for the researchers to create and produce new devices,

systems and services.

Development Stage

This phase indicates the development of the ability of the students in their actual

activity regarding necessary design and layout to accomplish the objectives of the study.

Here, several factors were considered including the economic viability and efficiency of

the system. Specifications, cost and accessibility of the chosen materials in developing

the system were taken into consideration. Each aspect served a crucial role in the

fulfillment of the study.

Pre - designed Stage

The study gathered all their ideas and concept through existing electrodialysis

reversal to come up with this topic entitled “Development and Implementation of Solar-

Powered Electrodialysis Reversal”. The researchers also consulted their adviser,

professor and some experts regarding this topic to ensure that it is capable for

implementation and be marketable as it is developed. The researchers gave their ideas as

well about the principles, design and development of the project as well as the

availability and estimated cost of the materials.

 BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
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Design Stage

In this stage, brainstorming will help the researchers in collecting ideas and data;

this includes the designing the layout of the project, considering necessary components,

materials and schematic diagram. The researchers also consulted their adviser and

instructors for the better output of the design to consider the safety and usefulness of the

project. Shown below is the initial design layout using AutoCad as representation of the

project’s component and its connections.

Figure 2. Schematic Diagram of the Study

Conceptualizing

In this stage, collection of information is necessary to conceptualize that leads to

the development of the project. The researchers use books, articles, previous research,
 BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
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College of Industrial Technology 22

studies and the internet to find information and related concepts that can support the

development of the project.

Planning

In this stage, the researchers will determine the objective of the study. The project

includes the necessary time frame in the planning of the study, setting and providing the

needed tools for its installation. Moreover, the set-up and flow of the system of the solar

power system is analyzed considering its connection to electrodialysis reversal.

Canvassing and Purchasing

Canvassing and purchasing This stage deals with the setting of prices and quality

of the material resources that were used in constructing the project. The researchers find

materials from different stores and places to determine the cost of all the materials if it

will be higher or lower. After knowing the prices of the materials, the researcher must

purchase the needed materials that are needed to construct the project.

Fabrication and Assembly stage

In this stage, using the appropriate materials and equipment to ensure the

construction of the project. The researcher considered the power consumption, input

voltage, flow rates and frequency as it is the parameters used in order to operate the

system. Moreover, the result after operation is also analyzed using the feed concentration,

current efficiency and percent yield.

After that, the data are discussed to each member in order to implement and
 BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
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College of Industrial Technology 23

assemble each component. Considering in this design is the market availability of each

component to be gathered and assembled at its most affordable and at its cost-beneficial

application.

Simulation Stage

The project's potential output was tested by the researchers through an

experiment.

QTY COMPONENT DESCRIPTION UNIT TOTAL

PRICE PRICE

2 Solar Panel 400 Watts P 999.00 P 1,998.00

2 Solar Charge 20 Amps P 272.00 P 544.00

Regulator/ Inverter

1 Programmable Logic P 3,537.80 P 3,537.80

Controller

1 Stainless Steel Sink 45 x 39 x 18 cm w/ P 910.00 P 910.00

faucet

1 Low Pressure 12 V, 70 W, 130 Psi, 6 P 349.00 P 698.00

Circulating Pump L/Min

1 Concentrate Tank 70 Liters P 2,360.00 P 2,360.00

(Brine)

1 Product Tank (Diluate) 55 Gal P 2,424.24 P 2,424.24

4 Conductivity Probe P 521.47 P 2,085.88

1 Electrodialysis Stack P 19,575.32 P 19,575.32

1 Water Storage Tank 29 x 29 x 57, 90 kgs P 1,059.00 P 1,059.00

1 UV Water Sterilizer Complete Set, 12 Watts P 966.00 P 966.00

 BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
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1 Water Filter System 3 Stages 10” P 2,790.00 P 2,790.00

(Pretreatment)

Miscellaneous Pipes, Nozzle, Pipe P 5,000.00 P 5,000.00

Connectors, Supporting
Rod Pipes, Monitoring
Glass, Screws Fittings,
Base and Supporting
Frame Materials

TOTAL PRICE P 43,948.24

Testing and Evaluation Stage

To ensure that there would be no obstacles to the project's completion and that the

project would not be faulty, the researchers tested and evaluated the device. To ensure

that it is operating properly and achieving its desired performance levels in terms of

effectiveness, output rate, durability, and safety, the gadget underwent testing and

evaluation.

Bibliography

Ira V. (2018). “Mobile and Solar Powered Water Purification System using
 BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
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Electrodialysis Reversal”. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/

292610542_Mobile_and_Solar_Powered_Water_Purification_System_using_Electrodial

ysis_Reversal

Noel Peter T. & Pamela Mar U. (2022). “A Review of Desalination Technologies

and Its Impact in the Philippines”. Retrieved from

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0011916422002600?via%3Dihub

United Nations (2021). “Sustainable Clean Water Through Solar-Powered

Desalination for Water-Scarce Islands and Coastal Regions”. Retrieved from

https://sdgs.un.org/partnerships/sustainable-clean-water-through-solar-powered-

desalination-water-scarce-islands-and

EQUIPMENT CATALOG
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