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სააბიტურიენტო ესსე Merged
სააბიტურიენტო ესსე Merged
სიტყვის სინონიმები და
ანტონიმები
სიტყვა VERY-ს ნაცვლად
გამოსაყენებელი სიტყვები
Tinatin Vashakmadze
2022
1
შედეგის ჩვენება/დასკვნა
As a result- ამის შედეგად
For this reason-ამ მიზეზით
Accordingly-მიხედვით
Consequently-მაშასადამე
Therefore - მაშასადამე
In any case - სხვა შემთხვევაში
In conclusion/to conclude- დასხვნა, (დასკვნის სახით)
In the end- ბოლოს
To sum up/to summarize -შეჯამება
In other words- სხვა სიტყვებით
All in all/ in short/ in brief- მოკლედ
All things considered -ყველაფრის მიხედვით
Finally- ბოლოს
2
შედარება/კონტრასტი
Similarity- მსგავსად
Basically- ძირითადად
Comparatively- შედარებით
It is argued that- ამტკიცებენ რომ
People argue that- ხალხი კამათობს,რომ
There are people who oppose- არსებობენ ადამიანები, რომლებიც
ეწინააღმდეგებიან
Contrary to what most people believe- იმის საწინააღმდეგოდ, რაც უმეტესობს
სჯერა
On the other hand- სხვა მხრივ
On the contrary- საწინააღმდეგოდ
Ever though/ although-თუმცა
Whereas- გათვალისწინებით
Despite- მიუხედავად
In reality- რეალურად
მაკავშირებელი სიტყვები
And-და (კავშირი)
Too -აგრეთვე
Moreover- უფრო მეტიც
In addition- დამატებით
Also-აგრეთვე
As well as- ისევე კარგად როგორც
მაპირისპირებელი -contrast
But- მაგრამ
Although-თუმცა
In spite of- მიუხედავად
Despite- მიუხედავად
While-განმავლობაში
Ever through- თუმცა
However- მიუხედავად ამისა
Nevertheless- მიუხედავად ამისა
მაგალითის მოყვანა
Such as- როგორიცაა
For example- მაგალითად
Especially - განსაკუთრებით
Particularly- განსაკუთრებით
მიზეზობრივი
As- როგორც, ასევე
Because- იმიტომ, რომ
3
Since- დან
Due to- იმის გამო
მიზნობრივი
In case- ამ შემთხვევაში
So as to- ისე, როგორც
So that- ამგვარად
In order to- იმისთვის რომ
Conclusion Opinion
To sum up -- შეჯამება As far as I know -- რამდენადაც მე ვიცი
To conclude -- დასკვნა, დასკვნის I believe -- მე მჯერა
გამოტანა I believe that -- მე მჯერა, რომ
Overall -- საბოლოო, ჯამში I think -- მე ვფიქრობ
Evidently -- აშკარად, ცხადად What I mean is -- რასაც მე ვგულისხმობ
Finally -- ბოლოს არის
In conclusion -- დასკვნა, დასკვნის სახით Personally, I think -- პირადად, მე
On the whole -- მთლიანობაში ვფიქრობ
In my view -- ჩემი თვალთახედვით/ჩემი
აზრით
In my opinion -- ჩემი აზრით
In my experience --ჩემი გამოცდილებით
4
გადაჭედილი
Very cute -- ძალიან საყვარელი Adorable -- მშვენიერი
Very dangerous -- ძალიან საშიში Threatening -- შემზარავი
Very dark -- ძალიან ბნელი Lightless -- გაუნათებელი
Very dear -- ძალიან ძვირფასი cherished-სიყვარული
Very deep -- ძალიან ღრმა profound-აღტაცება
Very depressed -- ძალიან
დეპრესიული Despondent -- დადარდიანებული
Very detailed --ძალიან დეტალური Meticulous -- საგულდაგულო
Very different -- ძალიან
განსხვავებული Disparate -- შეუსაბამობა
Challenging -- ძნელი,
Very difficult -- ძალიან რთული საპასუხისმგებლო
Very disagreeable - ძალიან
შეუსაბამო obnoxious-გამაღიზიანებელი
Very distressing -- ძალიან Dreadful -- შემზარავი
აღმაშფოთებელი
Very dry -- ძალიან მშრალი Parched -- გამომშრალი
Very dull -- ძალიან მოსაწყენი Tedious -- მოსაბეზრებელი
Very eager -- ძალიან
მონდომებული Keen -- დაინტერესებული
Very easy -- ძალიან ადვილი Smooth -- სირთულეების გარეშე
Very empty -- ძალიან ცარიელი Desolate -- გავერანებული
Very empty -- ცარიელი Desolate -- მიტოვებულია
Very evil -- ძალიან ბოროტი Wicked -- ბოროტი
Very excited -- ძალიან
აღელვებული Thrilled -- აღელვებული
Very exciting -- ძალიან
ამაღელვებელი Exhilarating -- გამახალისებელი
Very expensive -- ძალიან ძვირი Costly -- ძვირფასი, ძვირი
Distant -- დაშორებული, შორი,
Very far away -- ძალიან შორს შორეული
Very fast -- ძალიან სწრაფი Quick -- სწრაფი
Very fat -- ძალიან მსუქანი Obese -- ძალზე მსუქანი
6
გაგება
WORD SYNONYMS ANTONYMS
Concur -- დათანხმება Agree -- თანხმობა Disagree -- არ დათანხმება
Loathe -- ზიზღი
Different - Distinct -- Same -- იგივე
განსხვავებული განსხვავებული Alike -- ერთნაირი
Difficult -რთული Hard -- რთული Easy -ადვილი
Dirty -ბინძური Soiled –დაბინძურებული Clean -სუფთა
Messy -- ბინძური
WORD SYNONYMS ANTONYMS
Diverse -განსხვავებული Different -- Same - იგივე
განსხვავებული Similar -- მსგავსი
Divide -გაყოფა Separate -- ცალკე Unite -გაერთიანება
Split -- გამოყოფილი
Docile -მორჩილი Tame -- Wild – ველური
მოთვინიერებული, Stubborn -- ჯიუტი
Dormant -მძინარე Sleeping -- მძინარე Awake –გაღვიძებული
Inactive -- უმოქმედო Active -- აქტიური
Doubt -ეჭვი Mistrust -- უნდობლობა Believe -დაჯერება
Dry -მშრალი Parched -- გამხმარი Wet -სველი
Early -ადრე Premature -- ნაადრევი, Late -გვიან
უდროო
Beforetime -- ოდითგანვე
Easy -ადვილი Simple -მარტივი Hard -რთული
Agitate – აგიტაციის
გაწევა
Provoke -- გაბრაზება,
პროვოცირება
მისვლა-მოსვლითი სტაციონალური,
უცვლელი
Immovable -- უძრავი:
WORD SYNONYMS ANTONYMS
Minor -- უმნიშვნელო, Lesser -- ნაკლები Major -- მთავარი
მეორეხარისხოვანი Inferior -- დაბალი ან
უფრო დაბალი
ხარისხისა
Secondary --
მეორეხარისხოვანი,
მეორადი
Glum -- მოღუშული,
შუბლშეკრული
Nervous -- ნერვიული Flustered -- Composed --
შეშფოთებული დამშვიდებული
Perturbed -- Calm -- მშვიდი
აღელვებული
WORD SYNONYMS ANTONYMS
Neutral -- ნეიტრალური Impartial -- Prejudiced -- წინასწარ
მიუკერძოებელი, უარყოფითად
სამართლიანი განწყობილი
unprejudiced -- Partial -- მიკერძოებული
მიუკერძოებელი,
უწინაზრახვო
New -- ახალი Unused – Old -- ძველი
გამოუყენებელი Antique -- ანტიკური
Fresh – ახალი, ცოცხალი,
ქორფა
Modern -- თანამედროვე
Nonchalant -- Indifferent -- Concerned --
უდარდელი, გულგრილი, დაინტერესებული
უზრუნველი, ინდეფერენტული
დაუდევარი
Normal -- ნორმალური Ordinary -- Abnormal --
ჩვეულებრივი არანორმალური
Typical -- ტიპური Unusual --უჩვეულო
Usual -- ჩვეულებრივი
Numerous -- Several -- რამდენიმე Few -- ცოტა
მრავალრიცხოვანი Abundant -- უხვი, Scanty -- მწირი
თავსაყრელი
Considerable --
მნიშვნელოვანი,
საკმაოდ დიდი
Obnoxious -- Offensive -- Pleasant -- სასიამოვნო
საზიზღარი, აუტანელი არასასიამოვნო, Pleasing -- სასიამოვნო,
30
Strange -- უცნაური
Offend -- წყენინება Displease -- Please -- გულის მოგება
უკმაყოფილების Delight -- სიამოვნების
გამოწვევა მოგვრა / მიღება, გახარება
Affront -- წყენა
(აწყენინებს),
შეურაცხყოფის მიყენება
გამჭრიახი
Perpetual -- მარადიული Eternal -- მარადი, short-lived -- ხანმოკლე
მარადიული, Fleeting -- წარმავალი
სამარადისო
Endless -- უსაზღვრო,
უსასრულო
Incessant --
განუწყვეტელი,
გაუთავებელი,
გამუდმებული
Persuade -- დათანხმება Convince -- დარწმუნება Dissuade --
(დაითანხმებს), (დაარწმუნებს) გადათქმევინება
დაყოლიება Influence -- გავლენის (გადაათქმევინებს),
მოხდენა გადარწმუნება
WORD SYNONYMS ANTONYMS
Plausible -- Believable -- Unbelievable --
დამაჯერებელი დამაჯერებელი დაუჯერებელი
Reasonable --
გონივრული Logical --
ლოგიკური
Plentiful -უხვი Ample – საკმაოდ უხვი, Scarce – მწირი
სავსებით საკმარისი Insufficient --
Enough – საკმარისი, არასაკმარისი
საკმაო, სამყოფი
Abundant -- უხვი,
თავსაყრელი, მდიდარი
Portion -ნაწილი Part -- ნაწილი Whole -- მთლიანად
Segment -- სეგმენტი, Total -- სრულიად
მონაკვეთი, მონაჭერი
Possible -- შესაძლებელი Conceivable -- Impossible --
წარმოსადგენი, შეუძლებელი
შესაძლებელი Unachievable --
Feasible -- შესაძლებელი მიუღწეველი
(მისაღწევად)
33
Plausible --
დასაჯერებელი,
შესაძლებელი
Precious -- ძირფასი Cherished --სანუკვარი Cheap -- იაფი
Valuable -- ღირებული Worthless -- უსარგებლო
Prized -- ძვირფასი,
ღირებული.
Premature -ნაადრევი Early -- ადრეული Late -- გვიან
Hasty -- ნაჩქარევი Delayed -- დაგვიანებული
Premeditated -- წინასწარ Planned -- დაგეგმილი Spontaneous --
განზრახული intended -- განზრახული სპონტანური
Calculated -- გათვლილი Accidental --შემთხვევითი
Preserve -- შენახვა Uphold -- დაჭერა Destroy -- განადგურება
(შეინახავს, შეინახება), (იჭერს), უკავია Neglect --
შენარჩუნება Guard -- დაცვა ხელმიშვებულობა,
(დაიცავს) მოუვლელობა,
Save -- შენახვა გავერანება
WORD SYNONYMS ANTONYMS
Pretty -ლამაზი Lovely -- მშვენიერი, Homely -- უბრალო,
საუცხოო Unattractive --
Beautiful -- ლამაზი არამიმზიდველი
Attractive --
მიმზიდველი
Prevalent -- Customary -- მიღებული Uncommon -- უჩვეულო,
გავრცელებული / Widespread -- ფართოდ არაჩვეულებრივი
გაბატონებული (აზრი, გავრცელებული Unusual -- უჩვეულო
ადათი და სხ.)
Prevent -- ხელის შეშლა, Thwart -- ხელის შეშლა Permit -- ნების დართვა
საშუალების არმიცემა prohibit -- აკრძალვა (ნებას დართავს),
Hinder -- შეფერხება უფლების მიცემა
Allow -- ნებართვის /
უფლების მიცემა:
Probable -- Likely -- შესაძლებელი, Improbable --
შესაძლებელი, მოსალოდნელი შეუძლებელი,
34
მოსალოდნელი ნაკლებმოსალოდნელი
Doubtful -- არასაიმედო,
საეჭვო
Proficient -- მარჯვე, Skilled -- გამოცდილი, Inefficient -- უნიჭო,
უნარიანი, გამოცდილი მარჯვე, გაწაფული, უუნარო
კვალიფიციური Inept -- უგერგილო,
Adept -- უხეირო
დახელოვნებული,
გაწაფული
Competent --
კომპეტენტური, თავის
საქმეში გარკვეული /
ჩახედული.
Profit -- მოგება Gain -- მოგება, მონაგები Loss -- დაკარგვა
earnings -- შრომითი
შემოსავალი
Benefit -- სარგებელი
Prominent -- Eminent -- გამოჩენილი, Unknown -- უცნობი
გამოჩენილი, ცნობილი სახელგანთქმული, not renowned არა
ცნობილი სახელოვანი
WORD SYNONYMS ANTONYMS
Competent -- Unfit -- შეუფერებელი,
Qualified - კომპეტენტური, თავის უვარგისი,
კვალიფიციური საქმეში გარკვეული / გამოუსადეგარი
ჩახედული Unsuited --
Capable -- ნიჭიერი შეუთავსებელი,
შეუფერებელი
Question -კითხვა Interrogate -- დაკითხვა Answer -- პასუხი
(დაჰკითხავს),
გამოკითხვა
Inquire -- კითხვა
(იკითხავს), ამბის გაგება
Ask -- კითხვა
(შეეკითხება)
35
(ააგებს), აშნება
Recreation - Amusement -- გართობა, Work -- მუშაობა,
დამასვენებელი გასართობი სამუშაო
გართობა Pleasure -- სიამოვნება
Pastime -- სასიამოვნო
დროსტარება
Reduce -შემცირება Lessen -- შემცირება Increase -- ზრდა
(შეამცირებს, Enlarge -- გადიდება
შემცირდება), დაკლება Amplify -- გადიდება
Decrease -- შემცირება, (გაადიდებს),
დაკლება, დაწევა გაძლიერება, გაფართოება
Diminish --
დაპატარავება
Refute -- გაბათილება Contradict -- Agree -- დათანხმება
(გააბათილებს), ეწინააღმდეგება, არ (დაეთანხმება,
უარყოფა, რისიმე შეესაბამება დასთანხმდება)
უსაფუძვლობის Dispute -- რაიმეში ეჭვის Concur -- დათანხმება
დასაბუთება შეტანა
Ridiculous -- უაზრო, Nonsensical -- Sensible – გონიერი,
აბსურდული, სულელური, უაზრო გონივრული
სულელური Foolish -- სულელური, Believable --
უგუნური დასაჯერებელი,
სარწმუნო
Risky -- რისკიანი, Hazardous -- რისკიანი, Safe – უხიფათო,
სარისკო სარისკო, სახიფათო უსაფრთხო, უშიშარი
Perilous -- ძალიან საშიში
WORD SYNONYMS ANTONYMS
თანაბარზომიერი, არამდგრადი,
უცვლელი არასტაბილური
Unchanging --უცვლელი
Settled -- სტაბილური,
მყარი, მდგრადი
Stationary -- უძრავი, Fixed -- მტკიცე, უძრავი Movable --მოძრავი
სტაციონალური, immobile -- უძრავი.
უცვლელი Firm -- მტკიცე, ურყევი
Stimulate - Rouse -- გამოწვევა Stifle -- ჩახშობა, შეკავება
სტიმულირება (გამოიწვევს) Suppress -- ჩახშობა,
Stir -- გამოწვევა დაოკება, დათრგუნვა
(გამოიწვევს), აღძვრა
Motivate -- ბიძგება
(უბიძგებს), მოტივირება
Stop -- გაჩერება Quit -- რისიმე შეწყვეტა Start -- დაწყება
cease -- თანდათან Begin -- დაწყება
შეწყვეტა (დაიწყებს, დაიწყება)
Terminate -- შეწყვეტა
Strenuous -- Vigorous -- ძლიერი, Effortless ადვილი,
ენერგიული, აქტიური, ენერგიული ძალდაუტანებელი
თავგამოდებული Laborious -- Easy --მარტივი
შრომისმოყვარე,
მუყაითი, მშრომელი
Strict -- მკაცრი Stringent -- მკაცრი Lenient -- შემწყნარებელი,
Severe -- მკაცრი, შემწყნარებლური
სასტიკი, მომთხოვნი
Esseys
1. As computers are being used more and more in education, there will be soon no role for teachers in the
classroom.
There have been immense advances in technology in most aspects of people's lives, especially in the
field of education. Nowadays, an increasing number of students rely on computers to research for
information and to produce a perfect paper for school purposes. Others have decided to leave the
original way of learning to get knowledge through online schools. These changes in the learning
process have brought a special concern regarding the possible decrease of importance of teachers in
the classroom.
Some people believe the role of teachers started to fade because computers have been helping some
students to progress in their studies quicker than when compared with an original classroom. For
example, in the same classroom, students have different intellectual capacities, thus some would be
tied to a slow advance in their studies because of others’ incapacity of understanding. In this way,
pupils could progress in their acquisition of knowledge at their own pace using computers instead of
learning from teachers.
However, the presence of a teacher is essential for students because the human contact influences
them in positive ways. Firstly, students realize that they are not dealing with a machine but with a
human being who deserves attention and respect. They also learn the importance of studying in
group and respect other students, which helps them to improve their social skills.
Moreover, teachers are required in the learning process because they acknowledge some student's
deficiencies and help them to solve their problems by repeating the same explanation, giving extra
exercises or even suggesting a private tutor. Hence, students can have a bigger chance not to fail in a
subject.
In conclusion, the role for teachers in the learning process is still very important and it will continue
to be in the future because no machine can replace the human interaction and its consequences.
სჯერა, სწამს
intellectual capacities - ინტელექტუალური
შესაძლებლობები
2. Some people believe that a college or university education should be available to all students.
Others believe that higher education should be available only to good students
Discuss these views. Which view do you agree with? Explain why.
People learn through their entire lives. They constantly improve their knowledge and
develop. I think that a college or university education should be available to all students
because every person has the right to choose the way to self-perfection. Bellow I will give
some of my reasons to support my position.
First of all, every person should have the chance to get a higher degree, gain new knowledge
and experience. However, some people believe that higher education should be available
only to good students. I think it is silly. It is like to make unavailable traveling for one who
does not have IQ high enough.
Second of all, some young people do not do well at school but they have great personality
and ability to learn. They are self-confident, persistent and patient. With these qualities they
can get higher grades then their classmates who are talented but lazy. Imagine for example
situation when a teenager gets high grades because his or her parents constantly make him or
her study and help to do most of the homework. In this case a child does very well at school
but I think a college can show the opposite results.
Finally, it is a discrimination against students to make available higher education only for
good ones.
So, if a student does poor and gets low grades he/she should be sent down. But if a person
was never given a chance to try himself/herself at college, what to do in this case?
To sum up, I think that all young people should have the chance to get a higher education.
To take or not this chance must be up to them.
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3. . Some people think high school graduates should travel or work for a period oftime instead of going
directly to study at university. Discuss the advantages anddisadvantages of both approaches.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your ownknowledge or
experience.
High school students face many decisions as they prepare to graduate, including what they
are going to do after graduation. Some high school students go directly to college oruniversity
after graduation. Others prefer to travel or work for some time before going to university.
For those who choose to go college or university after graduation, there are advantagesand
disadvantages. One of the big advantages of going directly from high school to college is that
you are still in the habit of studying. By going to college after graduation, you do not lose the
study skills that you developed during high school. The big disadvantages, however, is that
you may not be ready for college. You may not know exactly what you want to study, or you
may be more interested in freedom and parties than in your courses. At that age, it is often
difficult for students to take on the responsibilities of college.
There are also advantages and disadvantages to working or traveling before starting college.
Working or traveling allows you a better idea of what you want to do with your life.You gain
practical experience that helps you define what you want to study. You also are well
prepared for the responsibilities of college or university studies. On the other hand, by the
time you start college, you will probably have obligations, like a job or spouse, which keep
you from focusing on studies. In addition, travelling or working before college may cause
you to spend enough time out of school that you forget how to study.
The desicion of what to do after high school graduation can be a difficult one. Deciding
whether to go straight into college or university or take time to work or travel is something
that faces every high school student. After thinking about the advantages and disadvantages
of both options, the decision should be based on what is best for you.
Success in life can be achieved in different ways. Many magazines and television programmes
tell us that success means having a lot of money, having a fulfilling career, and being
powerful. In contrast, most religious and spiritual organizations claim that success means
finding spiritual happiness and being at peace with God and with yourself. Another idea of
success focuses on relationships - being surrounded by people who love you and care about
you, spending time with family and friends.
A university education can help you achieve some types of success, but it makes little or no
difference to whether or not you are successful in other areas of life. Undoubtedly, a
university education is essential if you want to have a career in a profession such as law,
engineering, teaching, or medicine. However, you do not need a university degree to become
a wealthy and powerful movie star, sports star or businessperson. In fact, a university
education does not generally enable you to achieve spiritual happiness, or to have successful
relationships with family and friends.
In conclusion, there are many different types of success. A university education may help
you to achieve professional success in some careers. However, it will not help you to achieve
success in other areas of your life such as your spiritual life or your relationships.
5. Nowadays environmental problems are too big to be managed by individual persons or individual
countries. In other words, it is an international problem. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
49
An essential problem of the 21st century is world pollution. Currently the environment is so
much contaminated that urgent measures should be taken. The single individual cannot be
blamed for the world pollution, however every person should take care of his or her habitat.
In addition, it is vital that environmental issues should be treated internationally. Lately,
many presentations, conferences and international summits are held regarding waste
treatment, recycling, soil and water contamination. For sure joint efforts and consolidation
can only help in the mutual war towards the environmental disaster, which is going on. For
instance, governments should offer support to companies and organizations, involved in
manufacturing, industry or agriculture in order to find environment friendly approaches.
These could be special law regulations, recycling programs, helping courses in order to
implement ISO certificates and many more.
However, the influence of individuals over environment should not be ignored. If we do not
confess that our planet is our home, we will never be able to take adequately care of it. We
have to contribute every day to the preservation of nature and environment. For example,
always remember to save energy by switching off lamps, computers and everything that we
do not use.
Our next obligation is to separate waste and throw bulk only in the designated areas.
Driving vehicles can also be environment friendly. For example, we have to avoid
accelerating the engines too rapidly or using the air condition in the country, where it will
be better to save energy and simply open the windows.
To sum up, environmental problems should be handled by local and international authorities
also. Every single person should take care of environment and moreover we have to bring up
our children to be conscious citizens of a clean and preserved planet.
6. The earth is being filled with waste material such as plastic bags and other rubbish. Is this
really happening? What are some solutions to this problem?
50
Over the past few decades, the increasing amount of industrial wastes and household garbage
has become a major problem in many countries. People have questioned what caused this
problem and what can be done to improve the situation. In my opinion, two of the most
critical causes of this waste material problem are the increased consumption and a shortage of
space for landfill.
To begin with, modern lifestyle has contributed greatly to the increasing amount of waste
and garbage we produce everyday. In other words, we have turned into a materialistic and
mass-consumption society where we use more and throw away more than ever before.
Moreover, countries are running out of space to store garbage and waste material. In fact,
securing land for waste disposal raises controversies in many countries.
As discussed above, individuals, business and the government can share the responsibility to
reduce the amount of waste material and to save the earth. I hope that in the future our
offspring will be better off with the well-preserved environment.
7. Some say that the internet is making the world smaller by bringing people together. To
what extent do to you agree that the internet is making it easier forpeople to communicate
with one another.
A global village, that is certainly what the world feels like nowadays. With the help of the
world wide web, you can reach out and get to know people you might never meet in person.
Articles can be coauthored, business deals can be finalized, degrees can be earned and at
times even medical advice can be given? and all of this is just a click away.
Electronic mail, instant messages, web cameras and microphones; all these gadgets and
programs make the presence of the other the person more real. Who knows; with the help of
visual reality you might even get a 3-D image of the speaker! I believe that the internet is one
the best inventions of the last century, you can hardly get to miss anyone and nobody is
really out of reach. You will get to keep the channels patent with your friends, and will be
able to do your work from your bedroom in your pajamas!
However, the internet can also be a major source of harassment. Spammers and hackers can
invade your privacy and get personal/confidential information, which otherwise they will
never get access to. You are never out of anybody’s reach, unless you make a conscious
decision of not checking your email, there can be always more work waiting for you in your
inbox and you might never have a moment for yourself. Worse, if you were a workaholic,
you might never experience that stress-free vacation ever again in your life? simply, because
you have your mobile workplace with you.
As a romantic, I will always look forward to getting an occasional letter in the snail mail. A
personal letter, where I can sense the mood of the writer by the slants in his/her handwriting
and get to know him/her better. But as a type A personality person, the internet gives me all
what I dream of in communication? speed, reliability, and convenience of time and place. I
can certainly tolerate its shortcomings any day, as long as it keeps me close to my loved ones.
8. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Television has destroyed
communication among friends and family. Use specific reasons and examples to support your
opinion.
The invention of television is undoubtedly one of humankind's greatest inventions. It is a way
of communication among people of one country and different countries and nations. People
watch TV to find out about the latest news, weather, sports, etc. It is a great way to learn
new and extend one's range of interests. Scientists say that children spend the same amount
of hours in front of TV as they do in school. I think that this can be said about many grown
people too. Also, television is a great means of eliminating stress and tension. One can relax
and leave one's troubles behind lying on one's favorite sofa and watching a comedy.
However, some people believe that television has destroyed communication among friends
and family.
Personally, I do not agree with this statement. A couple centuries ago people spent their time
gambling, reading, gossiping or playing chess. I do not think that television is a cause of
destroyed communication among family members and friends. First of all, if members of a
family have common interests and they want to make each other happy they will always find
many ways to spend their time together and be close. Otherwise, if people avoid each other
and they do not have anything to share with each other they will find television a great way
to escape from this miserable existence. I believe that many people chose family and their
friends over some soap operas or a movie.
Second of all, I think that television can be a great resource of subjects to discuss. Many
people watch different educational programs to find out more about their environment,
nature, wild life animals, economic situations, etc. So, when they gather with their friends
they discuss important issues and argue with each other in looking for the truth.
To summarize, I would like to add that if people want to communicate with each other they
will find a way to do it. Otherwise, if television were not existent, people would find other
escapes and reasons not to be with each other such as drugs, gambling, etc.
9. In some countries children have very strict rules of behaviour, in other countries they are
allowed to do almost anything they want. To what extent shouldchildren have to follow rules?
Freedom plays a mandatory role in everybody life? We can see in today? modernized era nobody
likes to get some restrictions upon them, whether it would be a child or an adult. Some people think
that there should have some strict rules of behaviour for children, but I disagree with this statement.
Wherever it is a reality that sometimes more restrictions can cause more frustration in children,
which leads to many other mental diseases as well. Morever they can be, behave like a stubborn.
Sometimes they feel themselves under pressure, which can be a main reason for their poor
performance in their field. In some cases children would be crazier to do these things from where
we’ll try to keep them away.
In other words _ we have to look for other aspects as well, like if we usually ignore our children’s bad
habits, then they can’t be good human beings in their future life.
Moreover_ if we never draw attention upon the children’s main activities then they may be acquiring
bad company. They can know regarding the value of respect for their elders. They can know the
importance of relationships. They can know regarding their cultural values as well.
In a nutshell, I would like to say that children should be teach regarding the value of their customs,
rituals and respect towards their elders for their future life, but most of the extra restriction should be
being avoided. It would be better to make them good human beings in their coming future.
Parents shape their children from the beginning of their children's lives. They teach their
children values. They share their interests with them. They develop close emotional ties
with them. Parents can be very important teachers in their children's lives; however, they
are not always the best teachers.
54
Parents may be too close to their children emotionally. For example, they may limit a child's
freedom in the name of safety. A teacher may organize an educational trip to a big city, but a
parent may think this trip is too dangerous. A school may want to take the children camping,
but a parent may be afraid of the child getting hurt.
Another problem is that parents sometimes expect their children's interests to be similar to
their own. If the parents love science, they may try to force their child to love science too.
But what if the child prefers art? If the parents enjoy sports, they may expect their child to
participate on different teams. But what if the child prefers to read?
Parents want to pass on their values to their children. However, things change. The children
of today are growing up in a world different from their parents' world. Sometimes parents,
especially older ones, can't keep up with rapid social or technological changes. A student
who has friends of different races at school may find that his parents have narrower views. A
student who loves computers may find that her parents don't understand or value the digital
revolution.
Parents are important teachers in our lives, but they aren't always the best teachers.
Fortunately, we have many teachers in our lives. Our parents teach us, our teachers teach us,
and we learn from our peers. Books and newspapers also teach us. All of them are valuable.
11. A lot of people believe that the amount of violence shown on TV and in the cinema
affects the actions of our young people and therefore increases the amountof violence in our
society today.
Do you agree or disagree with this statement? What can be done to reduce violencein our
society today?
The question of whether the amount of violence on TV and cinema has affected young
people in our society is something which cannot be quantified or proved. My opinion is
though that the answer is “yes, it has”.
TV and cinema today do show a large amount of violence and, although we try and shield
our young people from seeing too much, they still get to watch it. At the age of eighteen in
my country they can see everything anyway. Violence on the streets has increased. That has
been proved. The connection between TV‛s and the cinema‛s obsession with violence and
today‛s street violence cannot be proved but it is logical that the two are connected. Young
55
people imitate what they see and it is logical that they see glamour in what they do when
they commit violence.
How can we lessen violence? Reducing the amount of violence on TV and in the cinema
would certainly be a good start. Being more vigilant about what age children are when they
see violence in these media, and raising the age limits would also help. Another good idea
would be to channel the violence of young people. I don‛t think that national service should
be re-established in this country but, if people are convicted of violence and sent to prison,
then why not give them the option of serving in the army. Their violence will be controlled
and they will be subjected to discipline so that they will be better able to control themselves
when they leave.
Thus I agree with the statement that cinema and TV violence affects the young people in our
society. There are some things that can be done to better the situation but I doubt whether
anything will be done.
12. In some countries, marriages are arranged by the parents but in other cases,people
choose their own marriage partner.
Discuss both systems.
The idea that a marriage should be arranged by the parents of the couple, or by other
members-of the family, is quite acceptable to some societies, yet completely out of the
question for others. It all depends on your cultural expectations.
In so-called western societies, it is very unusual for marriages to be arranged. Most young
people would not welcome the idea that their parents have the right to choose their partner
for life. They feel that arranged marriages deny them their fundamental right to choose, even
if they make a bad decision.
However, if we are honest about it, we might acknowledge that some parents organise their
children's lives in such a way that they are likely to meet and marry partners the parents
approve o£ It could be said that this is, to some extent, similar to an arranged marriage. It is
always better when families support the relationship and welcome the grandchildren.
People for whom arranged marriages are the cultural norm often argue that the likelihood of
the marriage lasting is greater when it is set up in this manner. Parents can be assured that
56
their children are joining a family of similar standing and cultural background, and this, in
the long run, makes for a more stable society if your parents' marriage was arranged, and has
worked well, then why should you question the custom?
The important thing to ensure is that people are never forced into a marriage which will
make them unhappy or lead to an unequal relationship where one partner is exploited by the
other. This applies in all societies and situations.
13. Fast food is very popular and saves time for busy working people. However, many experts say that it is not
completely healthy
Do you know a person who has never been to McDonald's? McDonald's is the leading global
foodservice retailer serving millions of people in more than 100 countries each day.
McDonald's restaurants sell what is called "fast" or "junk" food - hamburgers, chips and so on.
Such food is very popular, especially with children and teenagers.
Personally, I adore hamburgers, cheeseburgers, apple pies, muffins and fruit cocktails. This
food is tasty, cheap and ubiquitous. What is more, going to McDonald's saves much time and
effort. I don't have to go to a supermarket, prepare meals and wash the dishes when I eat out.
Besides, I like the holiday atmosphere of McDonald's. There I can relax, enjoy the food and
celebrate some event with my friends and relatives.
But experts say that fast food makes people overweight and even obese and elevates the risk
of diabetes and cancer. If your food includes hamburgers, chips, hot dogs, pizzas and fizzy
drinks like Coke, Pepsi, Sprite and others, you are facing a serious problem threatening your
health.
Such food is full of chemical additives. For example, a can of Coke contains about eight
teaspoons of sugar and artificial sweeteners. Moreover, there is a risk of food poisoning
To sum it up, we should think more about our health. We should try to avoid fast food and
eat more fruit and vegetables. Those people who don't care about what they eat may face
serious problems. So let's remember about our health and make the right choice.
14. Most people believe that it's important to look nice. However, some people say that we place too much importance
on appearance and fashion
.
One will hardly disagree that it is pleasant to look at a person who is neatly and beautifully dressed. A
person usually chooses clothes according to his or her age, social class, financial position and
occupation. People also choose clothes according to their preferences and character.
To my mind, if a person wants to produce a good impression and to be successful, he or she must look
nice. When people speak to you, they always pay attention to your appearance and your clothes. If
you look sloppy and untidy, they will try to avoid you. There is a saying that good clothes open all
doors" and I quite agree with it.
But some people place too much importance on their appearance. They spend much money on
expensive clothes and sometimes they look ridiculous trying to be fashionable. There are some styles
that can surprise and even shock people such as punks, hippies or Goths. It looks strange when a
person wears razor blades instead of earrings, dyes his or her hair bright red or purple or puts on
shoes on enormous platform. Some teenagers are fond of bright make- up, black finger-nails, scruffy
long hair or baggy clothes. But I think it is silly to slavishly follow the current fashions.
In conclusion, I'd like to say that nowadays fashion becomes even more influential than it was in the
past. It effects and moulds public taste. I believe that people should follow fashion and pay attention
to their appearance, but it should never become a kind of obsession.
15. Some people think that life-long friendship exists only in books and films. Others believe that it exists in real life.
Friendship is considered one of the central human experiences and for many people it may
be as important as love. There are different types of friendship. People have close friends,
pen pals or just acquaintances. Life-long friendship is a rare kind of friendship and a lot of
people even doubt that it exists in real life.
I believe that life-long friendship exists not only in books and films. For example, my
58
grandfather has a friend whom he has known from his childhood. They are devoted to each
other and they have much in common. My grandfather and his best friend understand and
support one another. Besides, they have similar tastes, interests and life philosophies.
Grandfather often says that when they were young, his friend used to help him in times of
need or crisis. They have always trusted each other and they have never quarreled.
Unfortunately, there are a lot of people who have no close friends. Some reserved and shy
people find making friends rather difficult. What is more, it is really not easy to find a person
with whom you can share strong interpersonal ties. Those people who have not found best
friends are sometimes sure that real friendship exists only in books and films. But they
shouldn't despair because they may find close friends in the future.
In conclusion, I'd like to add that it is very difficult to live without friends. Your friend is
your helper, adviser and supporter. He or she gives you a sense of being protected, emotional
comfort and moral support. As the proverb says: "A true friend is the best possession"
16. A number of people believe that pocket money teaches teenagers to be responsible. Others say that teenagers are too
young to deal with money and that their parents should just buy them what they need.
The pocket money is small amount of money given regularly to children by their parents.The issue
about pocket money is controversial:some people think that teenagers become more sensible and
responsible getting the pocket money.Others are sure that youngsters cannot yet to manage money
and it will better if to buy them what they need.
In my point of view,pocket money is one of the first ways for children to learn the basics of managing
money–a skill they will definitely need for life–and it makes children feel independent.First of
all,parents should just explain to children that earning money is not easy and how important to spend
money reasonably.Secondly,when teenagers receive money they began to think what to purchase, so
they learn how to plan their budget.Thirdly,young people find out the cost of living,paying for
various services sush as cafe or cinema.
59
Nevertheless, there is widely spread opinion that teenagers waste money on useless things.I strongly
disagree with this statement, because most of the money we spend at food, passage and other needful
stuff.Adults resent about shopping but nowadays to look good and stylish is very important especially
for young people.Most of us have part-time jobs so we realize that make money is no picnic.
To sum up, there are many prons and cons on this problem.I assume adults should give the pocket
money to teenagers just because it teach them how to manage cash.
17. Some people say that it is very important for everybody to have a hobby. Others do nothing but watch TV or listen
to music in their free time.
Our lives would be hard without rest and recreation. People have quite different ideas of
how to spend their free time. For some of them the only way to relax is watching TV or
drinking beer. But other people use their spare time getting maximum benefit from it.
I strongly feel that hobbies make our lives much more interesting. There are different kinds
of hobbies such as reading, cooking, knitting, collecting, playing a musical instrument,
painting, photography, dancing, travelling, sports and many others. So you can always find
an exciting activity which you will certainly like. Personally, I am fond of camping. To my
mind, it is a great opportunity to get away from town life. What is more, camping is a cheap
way to rest, to improve your health, to train yourself physically and to enjoy nature.
Nevertheless, quite a lot of people have no hobby. Most of them say that they are too busy or
too tired to do anything in their free time. But I am sure that such people are lazy and passive
and their lives are dull and uneventful.
In general, having a hobby is very important for everybody because it is a kind of self-
expression and the way to understand other people and the whole world. A hobby makes
you stronger physically and mentally, helps you escape from reality, improve your
knowledge, broaden your mind, develop your skills and gain a better understanding of how
the world works.
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18. Many teenagers enjoy playing computer games. Some people, however, believe that teenagers should spend their free time doing
more physical activities.
Computer games are extremely popular nowadays. A lot of teenagers play computer games in order to
escape dull reality and to fight with horrible monsters or to save the world from hostile aliens.
Personally, I am fond of playing computer games. They give me an opportunity to plunge into
exciting adventures: to overcome obstacles, to fly an aircraft or to pilot a spacecraft, to solve different
puzzles, to look after a virtual pet, to build cities, to play sport games and even to control the lives of
people. Computer games are constantly becoming more life-like and complex. New styles and genres
appear. That's why I can't resist the temptation to buy new computer games every month.
But according to experts, computer games can be rather dangerous and they can harm teenagers'
health. They say that computer games make young people unsociable and passive. They are absorbed
in games without speaking to each other for a long time. A lot of teenagers can play for hours without
eating, sleeping or learning. They sit in front of the computer screen exercising their fingers instead
of doing physical activities. That's why the levels of obesity among teenagers are rising. Besides,
computer games cause addiction.
To conclude, computer games have both advantages and disadvantages. Violent computer games
make teenagers aggressive. But educational games help teenagers develop many skills. Anyway, it is
necessary not to forget about sports as it helps teenagers to be healthy and to stay in good shape.
19. Some people prefer eating out. However, many people still like cooking meals at home.
Different people have different tastes. Some of them prefer eating out, while others enjoy tasty food
at home. In the past people went to cafes and restaurants only on special occasions. But they are
eating out more frequently now.
Personally, I enjoy eating out. Firstly, the choice of restaurants is great nowadays. You can try
different foreign cuisines and you can always find something to your taste. There are Italian, Chinese,
Indian, Japanese, Mexican, Turkish and many other restaurants in every city. Besides, you can go to
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bars, cafes or pubs. Secondly, many people work too much and have no time to cook meals at home.
Thirdly, they go to bars, cafes or restaurants to meet with their friends or to celebrate a holiday.
Finally, at a restaurant you will be able to relax and enjoy tasty food, good service and the atmosphere
of festivity.
However, a lot of people prefer eating at home. Some of them say that it is too expensive to go to a
restaurant. Others just enjoy cooking meals. What is more, some people are sure that home meals are
tastier and more nutritious than food which is served at a restaurant or a cafe.
To sum up, eating at home is cheaper and more traditional. But if you want to relax and to feel a
holiday atmosphere, you will certainly eat out.
20. Some parents allow their children to watch TV the whole days, while other parents are worried about the negative
influence of television on children's physical and mental development.
A lot of parents still don't know how television influences children's health and development. Is it all
right to let children watch TV as much as they want?
In my opinion, it's not right that some parents use television as a babysitter in order to keep their
children quiet. Besides, many of them don't care what films and programs their children watch. As a
result, boys and girls watch hits, commercials, soap operas and programs which are not intended for
them. As experts point out, television delays children's speech development. What is more, a lot of
adults complain that they can't get their sons and daughters to leave the TV-set when they want to
play with them or to take them to the zoo. Nowadays some children are so addicted to television that
they are not interested in anything else: they don't read books, communicate with grown-ups and
other children. They move less, speak less and they even think less. As a result children are becoming
passive, lazy and dull-witted.
However, television has some advantages as well. There are a lot of good cartoons and feature films
for children on TV. Besides, there are excellent educational programs and programs designed for
schools. They help children broaden their mind, transfer them to different places and develop their
imagination and creativity.
To some up, if a child's parents are clever enough, they will choose carefully what their son or
daughter watches. It is very important to limit children's viewing time. Boys and girls should
understand that there are a lot of other interesting and useful things to do besides watching TV.
21. Some people prefer to live in a big city, while others would like to live in a small town or in the country.
Those people who live in a big city and those who live in a small town or in the country lead
different ways of life. We choose where to live according to our preferences and character.
There are a lot of advantages of living in a big city. Firstly, people have more opportunities to
receive good education and to find a well-paid job there. In any city there are a lot of
educational establishments and a great number of firms which need qualified specialists.
Besides, there is a wide choice of entertainment in a big city. One can visit concert halls,
theatres, museums, art galleries, cinemas, clubs, restaurants, cafes, discos and what not. To
my mind, a big city gives people all modern conveniences and cultural opportunities.
However, it is well-known that citizens suffer from a great number of problems such as
traffic jams, huge crowds of people, dirty public transport and many others. Living in a big
city is dangerous to your health. Factories emit tons of harmful chemicals; cars exhaust toxic
gas and the air is so dirty that it is hard to breathe. That is why a lot of people prefer living in
the country to living in a big city. In a village one can enjoy fresh air, beautiful nature and
the quietness of provincial life.
To conclude, it's up to you to decide whether to live in a city or in the country. But I think
that if you are tired of noise, illumination and crowds, you can always leave a city and have a
rest in the country to improve your health or just for a change of scene.
22. Some people think they can be happy only being rich, while others don't care too much about money.
It is rather difficult to imagine our lives without money. People consider money to be part
and parcel of their everyday lives. They buy and sell different things, receive a fee, a pension
or a subsidy, exchange currency and what not. People's attitude to money can be quite
different: for some of them money is the most important thing in the world, while other
people don't care much about money.
In my opinion, the life of rich people is not only luxurious. It is also dangerous. There are
quite a lot of people who want to deceive the rich. Millionaires have to spend much money
on security, but sometimes even such measures don't help. Rich people are often robbed,
kidnapped and killed. Besides, they have to work much and that is why they spend very little
time with their families and they often feel stressed.
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But in spite of all dangers and difficulties, many people are sure that money and happiness
are synonyms. They believe that money can make them powerful and independent. They
dream of expensive cars and luxurious mansions. Some people think that we live in the
world where almost everything can be bought and sold. They even make friends and marry
for money. To my mind, money becomes a kind of addiction for such people.
To sum up, money is very useful as a medium of exchange, a unit of account and a store of
value. But it becomes "the root of all evil" when it makes people take bribes, betray their
partners or commit crimes. I think that "money is a good servant but a bad master."
to deceive - მოტყუება (მოატყუებს); money is a good servant but a bad master- ფული
the root of all evil - ფული ყოველგვარი კარგი მსახურია, მაგრამ ცუდი ბატონი
ბოროტების წყაროა
23. Mobile telephones have become very popular nowadays. However, some people say that their use should be
restricted.
Mobile phones have changed people's lives. They give us an opportunity to stay in touch and
to be reachable everywhere. It is very comfortable, especially for the busy modern lifestyle.
So, the mobile phone has become a vital part of our daily lives and it is difficult to imagine
how people lived without mobile phones in the past.
In my opinion, the mobile phone is a very useful device. Thanks to it, I can access people I
need to speak to and I can never miss anything important. If I need some help, I just call my
friends and they rush to rescue me. If I have a meeting and I'm late, I can send an SMS with
my excuses. It is very fast and convenient. What is more, with the help of my mobile phone I
can access the Internet, send and receive photos and video, play games, listen to music and
what not.
However, mobile phones have some disadvantages. Firstly, they deprive people of privacy
and it is almost impossible to relax with your mobile phone on. Secondly, many people are
worried about the harmful influence of mobile phones on their health. Mobile phones use
electromagnetic radiation. Scientists say that there is no significant health effect from mobile
phone radiation. But still it is better not to use your mobile phone too often.
To sum up, a mobile phone is very useful because it gives us the freedom of movement. It has
made communication much easier. But we shouldn't forget that a face-to-face conversation is
much better than just a telephone talk.
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Reachable - მისაწვდომი
a vital - სიცოცხლისთვის აუცილებელი
deprive - წართმევა, ჩამორთმევა
24. Some people think that science has nothing in common with religion, while others are convinced
that it is not so.
There seems to be an eternal conflict between science and religion. Religious people have
disagreed or are still disagreeing with scientists in different areas. Does it mean that there is a
great gap between science and religion?
To my mind, science and religion have little in common. Science is a product of people's
intellect. Religion is a product of the mystical sense and it requires some unquestioned faith.
Science is based on observation, research and experiment. Religious knowledge is gained
from religious leaders, scriptures and personal revelation. Scientists are convinced that there
must be explanations for all mysterious phenomena. It has already answered some
complicated questions about bacteria, atoms, electricity, magnetic fields and many others.
Religion deals with questions which science has not answered yet. What is the purpose of
our life? Is there life after death? What happens to the soul?
However, many people say that science and religion are not as different as it seems to be.
Many scientists dedicate their lives to solving the riddle of existence. But the more they learn
about the world, the more complex and harder to grasp it seems to be. Many scientists such
as Albert Einstein or Isaac Newton were devoutly religious individuals and worked to
harmonize science and religion. What scientists call the Energy is called God by religious
people. Besides, more and more scientists are becoming religious and they are beginning to
use words like "God", "soul" or "spirituality".
To conclude, one day people may realize that science and religion have a common ground
and that spiritual power is as important as scientific power.
Dedicate - მიძღვნა
25. A lot of people dream of being slim. They follow a diet trying to lose weight. But others say that weight-loss diets can be very
harmful.
Turning over the pages of glossy fashion magazines we see pictures of beautiful women and
handsome men with ideal figures and we want to be like them. In chase of health and beauty
a lot of people follow different weight-loss diets. But they often forget how awful the
consequences might be.
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Personally, I never follow any diets. To my mind, the best way to lose weight is to exercise.
Physical exercises help you to be in good shape and to stay healthy and attractive. Running
and swift walking help me to burn calories. I often go to a fitness club and a swimming pool.
Besides, I try to avoid fast, fried and fatty food.
However, a lot of people are keen on weight-loss diets. Many of them stop eating anything
thinking that starvation will lead to the best results. But dieting may have such side effects as
fatigue, irritability, depression or fainting and it may result in such eating disorders as
anorexia or bulimia. I think that if you want to lose weight and to preserve health, it's better
to begin with smaller portions of food and some substitutions. For example, you can replace a
cup of tea and a cake with a glass of juice. Anyway, one should remember that a person
needs 2,000 calories a day, but it depends on age, weight, physical activity and other factors.
To conclude, it is great to be slim, but never forget that "health is the best wealth". All in all,
if you want to go on a diet, you'd better consult a doctor or a nutrition expert first.
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