• Geometric Mean Distance

• Series Inductance of Transmission Lines

Single Phase
Three Phase
Transposed Transmission Lines
Bundled conductor
• Capacitance of Transmission Lines
• Short Transmission Lines

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 The mutual-GMD is the geometrical mean distance from one conductor to the other.
It also represents the equivalent geometrical spacing.
GMD for a different arrangement of conductors has different values.
The GMD between two conductors is equal to the distance between their centers.

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 A 69kV line has a horizontal configuration. The distance between adjacent conductor is 6 ft. what is
the geometric mean distance of the line?

A. 6 ft
B. 8.5 ft
C. 10 ft
D. 7.6 ft

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 Determine the mutual GMD of a three-phase single-circuit transmission line whose conductors
arranged in a triangular formation so that the two distances between conductors are 20 ft and the
third is 38 ft respectively.

A. 24.77 ft
B. 25.35 ft
C. 53.67 ft
D. 26.43 ft

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 The value of inductance per conductor in three phase line is ____ times the loop inductance for single
phase lines

A. 1/3
B. ½
C. 1
D. 2

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 The conductor of a single phase, 60 Hz line is a solid round aluminum wire having a diameter of
0.412 cm and the conductor spacing is 3m. Determine the inductance of the line in mH/mile.

A. 2.424
B. 2.555
C. 2.852
D. 2.168

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 A single-phase transmission line is 35 km long, consist of two solid round conductor each of 0.9 cm in
diameter. The conductor spacing is 2.5 m. Calculate the inductance per conductor.

A. 46 mH C. 32 mH
B. 67 mH D. 15 mH

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 A single phase, 20 km line has a total inductance of 35 mH. The distance between the two conductor
is 59 inches. Find the GMR of the conductor.

A. 1.75 cm C. 1.65 cm
B. 1.89 cm D. 1.99 cm

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 A 69 kV three-phase transposed line is composed of one ACSR 336,400 mil, 26/7 Linnet conductor
per phase with a horizontal configuration of D12 = 5 ft, D23 = 5ft and D13 = 10 ft. The conductors
have a diameter of 0.721 inch and a GMR of 0.0243 ft. Find the inductance per phase per kilometer of
the line.
A. 1.0963 mH/km C. 1.1505 mH/km
B. 1.1116 mH/km D. 1.1233 mH/km

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 Exchanging the position of the conductors at regular intervals along the line so that conductor occupies the original
position of every other conductor over an equal distance.

Transposition of overhead line conductors of an unsymmetrical line has the following advantages:

• It makes the transmission line constants of the three phases symmetrical which result in equal voltage drops in
three phases.
• Equal line voltages are available at the receiving end.
• It reduces the disturbances in the neighboring communication circuits.

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 Why are high voltage transmission lines transposed?

A. Corona losses can be minimized.

B. Computation of inductance becomes easier
C. Voltage drops in the lines can be minimized
D. Phase voltage imbalances can be minimized

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 A transmission line has two aluminum conductors in bundle. The self GMD of each conductor is 8.90
mm and the distance between the conductors and phases is 40 cm and 9 m, respectively. What is the
inductance of the line per phase?

A. 4 µH/m C. 2 µH/m
B. 3 µH/m D. 1 µH/m

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 GMR of Bundled Conductor

The use two or more stranded conductors per phase. 4

Dsb = (Ds )2 (d)2
It also increase the current carrying capacity of the
system. Dsb = Ds d
Most important advantage is the ability to reduce
Corona.
The geometric mean radius (GMR) of the conductor
9
Dsb = (Ds )3 (d)6
increased.
• Reactance decrease Dsb =
3
Ds (d)2
• Voltage drop decrease
• Helps in obtaining better voltage regulation
• Increase efficiency.

4
Dsb = 1.09 x Ds (d)4

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 The capacitive reactance of a 40 km 34.5 kV line is 90,000 Ω/km. What is the total capacitive
reactance of the line?

A. 2,250 Ω C. 6,750 Ω
B. 1.08 x 107 Ω D. 3.6 x 108 Ω

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 A three-phase 60 Hz line has flat horizontal spacing. The conductors have an outside diameter of 3.28
cm with 12 m between conductors. Determine the capacitive reactance to neutral of the line in ohms if
its length is 125 miles.

A. 2,023 Ω C. 3,238 Ω
B. 1,619 Ω D. 2,605 Ω

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 A 115 kV three-phase transposed transmission is composed of 2-ACSR 336,400 cmil, 30/7 Oriole
conductors per phase with horizontal configuration: D12 = 7 ft, D23 = 7 ft, D31 = 14 ft. The line
spacing is measured from the center of the bundled conductors. The distance between the conductors
of the bundle is 6 inches. The conductors have a diameter of 0.741 inch and a GMR of 0.02255 ft.
Find the capacitance per phase for 20 km of the line in microfarads.

A. 0.1300 C. 0.2889
B. 0.2719 D. 0.2609

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 A short transmission line is defined as a transmission line with an effective length less than
80 km (50 miles). Due to smaller length and lower voltage, the capacitance effects are small and
hence can be neglected. Therefore, while studying the performance of a short transmission line, only
resistance and inductance of the line are considered.

Where:
𝑉𝑠 = Sending end voltage
𝐼𝑠 = Sending end current
𝐼 = Resistance of short transmission line
𝑋𝐿 = Reactance of the line
𝑉𝑅 = Receiving end voltage
𝐼𝑅 = Receiving end current

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 In the modelling of short length overhead transmission line, why is the line capacitance to ground not
considered?

A. Equal to zero
B. Finite but very small
C. Finite but very large
D. Infinite

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 A 30-mile, 3Ø transmission line is to deliver 20,000 kW at 69 kV @ 85% power factor. The line resistance
is 0.324 Ω/mile and inductive reactance is 0.737 Ω/mile. What is the line loss?

A. 1.050 kW C. 997 kW
B. 376.7 kW D. 1,130.3 kW

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 A three phase, wye connected, 20 MW load of power factor 0.866 lagging is to be supplied by a
transmission line at 138 kV. It is desired that the line losses do not exceed 5 percent of the load. If the per
phase resistance of the line is 0.7 Ω/km, what is the maximum length of the line?
A. 51 km C. 63 km
B. 42 km D. 56 km

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 A 60-Hz short transmission line, having R = 0.62 ohms per phase and L = 93.24 mH per phase, supplies
a three-phase, wye-connected 100 MW load of 0.90 lagging power factor at 230 kV line-to- line voltage.
Determine the voltage regulation of the transmission Line?
A. 3.75% C. 3.55%
B. 3.20% D. 3.42%

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