Chemical Kinetics (Kin)

Date submitted: 07-21-2021

By: Danya Labash (10118905)
Lab section: A2
TA: Christian Buckingham

Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to analyze the factors that impact the rate
of the chemical reaction.

Procedure:
1. A thermometer, 125 mL erlenmeyer flask , a paper with cross, varied sizes of
graduated cylinders (25 mL, 50mL, 100 mL), a beaker, hot plate, a beaker with
warm water, 0.2 M thiosulphate, 2 M HCl and a wash bottle were used.
2. 45 mL of 0.20 M sodium thiosulphate was placed in the 125 mL Erlenmeyer
flask.
3. 5.0 mL of 2 M HCl and the time was recorded. The flask was swirled and was
placed in the paper marked with a cross. The time at which the cross
disappeared was recorded looking down to the solution.
4. The experiment was repeated for 40, 30, 20 and 20 mL of thiosulphate solution
and each time 45 mL with distilled water was added and then 5.0 mL of HCl was
added. The effect of thiosulphate concentration was determined.
5. The same experiment was done to find the effect of HCl concentration but this
time 40 mL of thiosulphate solution and the volume of HCl was varied to be 1, 2,
5, 10 mL.
6. 10 mL with distilled water was made before adding HCl. The total volume of each
reaction was ensured to be 50 mL each time. The effect of HCl concentration
was determined.
7. Five temperatures from room temperature were performed to about 50 °C. All
temperatures were measured and recorded.
8. 5 mL the HCl solution with 35 mL of water was combined and was heated
previously on the hot plate to an appropriate temperature.
9. 10 mL of thiosulphate solution was added, the temperature was measured and
the time was recorded to the disappearance of the cross.

Data and Observations:

Table 1: Effect of thiosulphate concentration

Thiosulphate(mL) Water HCl Time [H ]M [S O

+
aq 2 3
-2
]
aq ln[S O
2 3
-2

(mL) (mL) (s) M ]

aq

45 0 5 20 0.20 0.18 -1.7148

40 5 5 24 0.20 0.16 -1.8326

 30 15 5 39 0.20 0.12 -2.1203

20 25 5 65 0.20 0.08 -2.5257

10 35 5 110 0.20 0.04 -3.2189

Table 2: Effect of HCl concentration

Thiosulphate(mL) Water (mL) HCl (mL) Time (s) [S O 2 3

-2
]
aq [H ]M
+
aq ln[H ] +
aq

40 9 1 37 0.16 0.04 M -3.2189

40 8 2 27 0.16 0.08 M -2.5257

40 5 5 15 0.16 0.2 M -1.6094

40 0 10 5 0.16 0.4 M -0.9163

Table 3 : Effect of Temperature

Thiosulphat Water HCl Temperatur Temperatur Tim ln(1/ 1/Temp

e ( 35m (mL e (°C) e (K) e (s) time) (K )
-1

L) )

10 35 5 21.5 294.5 93 - 4.5326 0.0033

9

10 35 5 34 307 48 -3.8712 0.0032

5

10 35 5 40 313 38 -3.6376 0.0031

9

10 35 5 46 319 28 -3.3322 0.0031

3

10 35 5 53 326 20 -2.9957 0.0030

7
Calculations:

For the effect of thiosulphate concentration :

Initial concentration of thiosulphate for 45 mL (total is 50 mL = 0.050 L)

Concentration = # of moles / Volume (L)
n=C x V
= 0.2 M x 0.045 mL= 0.009 mol
= 0.009mol / 0.050L = 0.18 M
Concentration of HCl (The volume of HCl in 5 mL=0.005 L)
= 2M x 0.005 L = 0.010 mol
= 0.010 mol / 0.05 L = 0.20 M
concentration of thiosulphate for 40 mL=
n=C x V
= 0.2 M x 0.040mL= 0.008 mol
= 0.008mol / 0.050L = 0.16 M
Concentration of HCl (The volume of HCl in 5 mL=0.005 L)
= 2M x 0.005 L = 0.010 mol
= 0.010 mol / 0.05 L = 0.20 M

concentration of thiosulphate for 30 mL=

n=C x V
= 0.2 M x 0.030mL= 0.006 mol
= 0.006mol / 0.050L = 0.12 M
Concentration of HCl (The volume of HCl in 5 mL=0.005 L)
= 2M x 0.005 L = 0.010 mol
= 0.010 mol / 0.05 L = 0.20 M

concentration of thiosulphate for 20 mL=

n=C x V
= 0.2 M x 0.020mL= 0.004 mol
= 0.004mol / 0.050L = 0.08 M
Concentration of HCl (The volume of HCl in 5 mL=0.005 L)
= 2M x 0.005 L = 0.010 mol
= 0.010 mol / 0.05 L = 0.20 M

concentration of thiosulphate for 10 mL =

n=C x V
= 0.2 M x 0.010mL= 0.002 mol
= 0.002mol / 0.050L = 0.04 M
Concentration of HCl (The volume of HCl in 5 mL=0.005 L)
= 2M x 0.005 L = 0.010 mol
= 0.010 mol / 0.05 L = 0.20 M
For the effect of HCl concentration:
Concentration of thiosulphate (40 mL)
= 0.2 M x 0.040 L = 0.008 mol
= 0.008 mol / 0.050 L = 0.16 M

The concentration of hydrochloric acid (for 1 mL HCl = 0.001 L)

[HCl] (1 mL) = 2M x 0.001 L = 0.002 mol
= 0.002 mol / 0.050 L = 0.040 M

The concentration of hydrochloric acid (for 2 mL HCl = 0.002 L)

= [HCl] (2mL) = 2M x 0.002 L = 0.004 mol
= 0.004 mol / 0.050 L = 0.080 M

The concentration of hydrochloric acid (for 5 mL HCl = 0.005 L)

=[HCl] (5 mL) = 2M x 0.005 L = 0.01 mol
= 0.01 mol / 0.050 L = 0.2 M

The concentration of hydrochloric acid (for 10 mL HCl = 0.010 L)

=[HCl] (10 mL) = 2M x 0.010 L = 0.02 mol
= 0.02 mol / 0.050 L = 0.4 M

For the effect of temperature:

Temperature (K) = Temperature (°C) + 273

ln(1/time)
1/Temp (K )
-1

The order of the reaction:

The order of the reaction with respect to [ S2O32-(aq)] and to [H+(aq)], and the overall
reaction.

Graph 1: ln[S O2 3
-2
] vs. Time
aq
The graph is linear and the reaction order with respect to [ S2O32-(aq)] = 1

Graph 2 : ln[H ] vs. Time

+
aq

The graph is linear and the reaction order is with respect to [ H+(aq)] = 1

Overall reaction order = Σ reaction orders

=1+1
=2
Graph 3: ln(1/time) / 1/Temp

The activation energy of the reaction (kJ/mol) R=8.314 J/Kmol slope = - Ea /R

M = -5366.23
Ea = - (M x R)
= 1 x -5366.23 x 8.314
= 44612.58 J/mol = 44.61 KJ/mol

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the reaction order with respect to [S O ] is in the first order, the reaction
2 3
-2
aq

order with respect to [H ] is in the first order, the reaction order with respect to
+
aq
temperature is first order, the overall reaction is second order and the activation energy
is 44.61 KJ/mol.