Memet Sanjaya

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1. LIFESTYLE
 The term was introduced by Austrian psychologist Alfred Adler in his 1929
book, The Case of Miss R. In sociology, lifestyle is a way of living - combination of
determining tangible factors or intangible factors.
 Tangible factors relate to demographic value such as age, gender, race and ethnicity
where intangible factors relate to individual values, preferences and how they see the
world.
Example of lifestyle:
People who live near the jungle, hunting lifestyle/culture can be often present. Another
example is a hobby like Yoga to increase radiance and banishing toxic from the body.
Seeing your own world by taking picture and portrait as a photographer also can be a
lifestyle hobby.

2. SUBCULTURE
 Subculture is a smaller culture group of people on how they live their life within a
larger group of people, united by heritage such as language, custom and food or by
shared experiences.
 Merton’s strain theory of deviance – crime occurs because of limited opportunities of
people to achieve their success within the culture.
1. Conformity: Pursuing cultural goals through socially approved. (ex: cycling)
2. Innovation: Culture approved using social unproved. (ex: stealing or selling
drug.
3. Ritualism: Accepting social identity to achieve less (being modest and
humble)
4. Retreatism: Reject both and find a way escape from it (ex: japan aokigahara).
5. Rebellion: reject all the cultural goals and means then trying to replace them.
 Why these people being called as deviance? – because they are trying to break off
from the society and as the result of conforming to the values and norms of the
subculture to which they belong.
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 Labeling theory developed by sociologist Howard Saul Becker in his book Called
Outsider stated that deviance is not always connected to crime. For the example that
majorities negatively labeling homosexual minority because of their deviance.

3. IDENTITY
 In sociology, identity described as collective identity that identify a person to take
a social role in a larger society.
 Sociologist Anselm L. Strauss in his book Mirror and Mask opens new thought to
identify identity as result of social organization upon individual behavior. Unlike
psychiatrists and psychologists that underestimate the influence of social group,
Strauss organize material and thought about certain aspect of problems when he
studying the group of society, their motivation, personality and social interaction.
For Strauss, any concept of identity had to be somehow emerged through social
interaction and phenomena.
 For example: identity of each person can see himself mirrored in the judgment of
others. A gay person can see him self as a role of being gay in his society.