Cm Christopher Stoll _©POKENATOMY An Unofficial Guide to the Science of Pokémon This book was written and illustrated by Christopher Stoll With professional editing, research, and writing assistance by Christina Crewe Ryan Stoll & Tori Edwards Cover illustration by Aaron Hain Special thanks to my parents Scott and Myra Stoll for putting up with their eldest son's Pokémon card collection and love of lizards All Rights Reserved Copyright © 2017 This book is not authorized, sponsored, endorsed, or licensed by Nintendo of America Inc, The Trademark Pokémon is owned by Nintendo of America Inc. and all trademarks mentioned in this book are the property of their respective companies and used for educational and identification purposes only.INTRODUCTION This book's content is based upon real animal anatomy, behavioral biology, and scientific principals. However, it is intended primarily to entertain and inspire. Many of these Pokémon are only vague approximations of real organisms, some bear combinations of traits that do not occur anywhere in the natural world, and a few have abilities that strain the possibilites of our scientific understanding. It is the duty of this book's bearer to question and to explore. To use these incredible monsters as a lens through which to appreciate the beauty, complexity, and uniqueness of real organisms. The world is full of nameless things, and mysteries yet unanswered. Go now, and learn all that you can.Bulbasaur pg. Ivysaur pg. Venusaur pg. 1 | Sandshrew pg. 53 | Persian pg. 105 3 |Sandslash pg. 55 \ Psyduck pg. 107 5 | Nidoran Q pg. 57 |\Golduck _ pg. 109 Charmander pg.7 | Nidorina pg. 59 |Mankey __ pg. Ill Charmeleon pg. 9 | Nidoqueen pg. 61 |Primeape pg. 113 Charizard pg. Il | Nidoran CO pg. 63 |Growlithe pg. 115 Squirtle pg. 13 | Nidorino pg. 65 | Arcanine pg. 117 Wartortle pg. 15 | Nidoking pg. 67 | Poliwag _ pg. 119 Blastoise pg. 17) Clefairy pg. 69 | Poliwhirl _ pg. 121 Caterpie pg. 19| Clefable pg. 71 | Poliwrath pg. 123 Metapod pg. 21 | Vulpix pg. 73 | Abra pg. 125 Butterfree pg. 23 | Ninetales_ pg. 75 \Kadabra pg. 127 Weedle pg. 25 | Jigglypuff pg. 77 | Alakazam pg. 129 Kakuna pg. 27 | Wigglytuff pg. 79 |Machop pg. 131 Beedrill pg. 29 | Zubat pg. 81 |Machoke _ pg. 133 Pidgey pg. 31 | Golbat pg. 83 |Machamp pg. 135 Pidgeotto _ pg. 33 | Oddish pg. 85 | Bellsprout pg. 137 Pidgeot pg. 35 | Gloom pg. 87 | Weepinbell pg. 139 Rattata pg. 37 | Vileplume pg. 89 | Victreebel pg. 141 Raticate pg. 39 | Paras pg. 91 \Tentacool pg. 143 Spearow pg. 41 | Parasect pg. 93 | Tentacruel pg. 145 Fearow pg. 43 | Venonat pg. 95 |Geodude pg. 147 Ekans pg. 45| Venomoth pg.97 |\Graveler pg. 149 Arbok pg. 47 | Diglett pg. 99 | Golem pg. 151 Pikachu pg. 49| Dugtrio _ pg. 101\ Ponyta pg. 153 Raichu pg. 51 Meowth pg. 103EX Rapidash pg. 155 Exeggutor pg. 205 Tauros pg. 255 Slowpoke pg. 157| Cubone pg. 207| Magikarp pg. 257 Slowbro pg. 159| Marowak __ pg. 209| Gyarados pg. 259 Magnemite pg. 161| Hitmonlee pg. 211 | Lapras pg. 261 Magneton pg. 163 | Hitmonchan pg. 213 | Ditto pg. 263 Farfetch'd pg. 165\ Lickitung pg. 215) Eevee pg. 265 Doduo pg. 167 | Koffing pg. 217| Vaporeon pg. 267 Dodrio pg. 169| Weezing _ pg. 219| Jolteon _ pg. 269 Seel pg.171|Rhyhorn pg. 221) Flareon _ pg. 271 Dewgong pg. 173| Rhydon pg. 223| Porygon pg. 273 Grimer pg. 175| Chansey pg. 225| Omanyte pg. 275 Muk pg. 177\ Tangela pg. 227| Omastar pg. 277 Shellder _ pg. 179| Kangaskhan pg. 229 | Kabuto Pg. 279 Cloyster _ pg. 181 | Horsea pg. 231| Kabutops pg. 281 Gastly pg. 183 | Seadra pg. 233 | Aerodactyl pg. 283 Haunter _ pg. 185| Goldeen pg. 235| Snorlax pg. 285 Gengar pg. 187 | Seaking pg. 237| Articuno _ pg. 287 Onix pg. 189| Staryu pg. 239| Zapdos _— pg. 289 Drowzee __ pg. 191| Starmie pg. 241| Moltres _ pg. 291 Hypno pg. 193| Mr. Mime pg. 243) Dratini _ pg. 293 Krabby pg. 195 | Scyther pg. 245| Dragonair pg. 295 Kingler pg. 197| Jynx pg. 247| Dragonite pg. 297 Voltorb pg. 199) Electabuzz pg. 249| Mewtwo pg. 299 Electrode pg. 201| Magmar pg. 251 | Mew pg. 301 Exeggcute pg. 203 | Pinsir pg. 253 | Togepi pg. 303POKEM OVERVIEW An egg is an organic vessel in which a Pokémon embryo develops until it can survive on its own, at which point the organism hatches. Most Pokémon eggs are surrounded by a dry, rigid protective shell, though some aquatic species lay eggs wrapped in a jelly- like sheath. Eggs laid on land or in nests are usually tended to by the parent Pokémon while the embryo grows. Typically, this means keeping the developing young warm and protected from predators and parasites. When the embryo is fully developed, it hatches, breaking through the egg's shell. Some Pokémon have a temporary egg tooth which is necessary to break free. GENERAL Pokémon are varied organisms, with very few unifying biological principles that apply to all known species. Some Pokémon undergo evolution during their life span and conspicuously change their body structure, diet, disposition, and even their number of limbs. Some do not. Some Pokémon possess spines and internal, calcium- based skeletons. Some do not. Some are heterotrophs, and ingest other organisms for sustenance. Some do not. However, one of the few, near- universal biological truths of. Pokémon is that they lay eggs of some kind during their lifetime. Only humans, and a handful of extreme Pokémon like Gastly (pg. 183), IN EGGS Grimer (pg. 175), and Voltorb (pg. 199) reproduce in other ways. OBSERVATIONS The size and shape of Pokémon eggs vary considerably across species. Snorlax (pg. 285) have the largest of all Pokémon eggs at almost 30 cm in diameter, while some Pokémon eggs, like Clefairy's, (pg. 69) are so small that they cannot be seen by the naked eye. Typically a Pokémon's egg is well suited to its environment. Pokémon that nest in the open or on high cliffs like Charizard (pg. 11) often have more cylindrical eggs. They are less likely to roll away, and will only spin in small circles if pushed. In contrast, many Pokémon that dig, burrow, or construct nests like Slowpoke (pg. 157) have more spherical eggs. VALUE Eggs require a great deal of metabolic energy to produce, and are a valuable source of nutrition. Some Pokémon like Cubone (pg. 207) feed almost exclusively upon them. These organisms are known as "ovivores" and raid the nests of other Pokémon, Killing or chasing away the parents to get the eggs. Humans have eaten Pokémon eggs for thousands of years, and even today they form a staple of diets around the world. The most popular are Chansey (pg. 225), Psyduck (pg. 107), and Magikarp (pg. 257) eggs, though the vast majority of Pokémon eggs are fully edible.POKEMON EGGS PHYSIOLOGY Pokémon eggs are comprised of several main components. The shell is the protective outer layer, and composed almost entirely from calcium carbonate. This surface is semipermeable, and covered with thousands of tiny pores which allow air and moisture to pass through. The egg white is known as the albumen, and composed of dozens of specific proteins. This serves to protect the yolk and provide additional nutrition late in development. The yolk is a spherical yellow node, and contains the majority of the egg's fat, protein, vitamins and minerals. This nourishes the developing embryo as it grows. Finally, there is the Pokémon embryo itself which grows to fill the entirety of the egg's interior before hatching.I. Psyduck 3. Squirtle 5. Paras 7. Sandshrew 9. Snorlax 2. Magikarp 4. Oddish 6. Pikachu 8. Charmander 10. WeedleTi. 11. Togepi ‘13. Lapras 15.Doduo 17. Jigglypuff 19. Spearow 12. Bulbasaur 14, Electabuzz 16. Seel 18. Dratini 20. MankeyOVERVIEW Evolution is the general term used to describe a sudden and conspicuous biological change in an individual Pokémon. Evolution can change a Pokémon's disposition, diet, size, abilities, and even their number of limbs. Not all Pokémon evolve, but the majority of known species will undergo at least one transformation as they age and develop. Evolution is a sudden, energy- intensive process, and most Pokémon must store vast metabolic resources in order to catalyze the process. Because of this, evolution is not directly related to the age of a Pokémon. Some Pokémon may never amass the necessary metabolic energy to successfully evolve, living and dying entirely in their "adolescent" form. SIGNIFICANCE The purpose of evolution varies from species to species. Diglett (pg. 99), evolve in order to enter their reproductive phase. Others, such as Horsea (pg. 231), appear to evolve so that adolescent and adult members of the same species are not competing for identical food sources. Evolution generally allows a single organism to occupy various ecological niches, therefore increasing overall survivability. For example, if Slowpoke's (pg. 157) aquatic habitat is destroyed or rendered uninhabitable, their evolved, POKEMON EVOLUTION terrestrial form Slowbro (pg. 159) will survive to usher in a new generation once environmental conditions have stabilized. VARIATION Many Pokémon evolve more than once during their lifespan, transitioning through a middle stage between their birth form and their full maturity. These intermediary evolutionary stages often bear the biological basis for their final form. Organs, senses, or structures that are only partially functional in the Pokémon's middle stage go on to form 4 critical aspect of the final organism. In Charmeleon (pg. 9), their upper arm bones and shoulder muscles are already divided in anticipation of development into Charizard's (pg. 11) wings. This phenomenon is known as preemptive morphology, and can be seen in most three-stage evolutionary Pokémon. Some Pokémon only evolve under specific conditions. Machoke (pg. 133), for example, evolve during severe physical or emotional stress. Clefairy (pg. 69) evolve only in the presence of a rare variety of radiation. Eevee (pg. 265) are unique among known Pokémon species for their branched evolution, known as Polyphenism. This means that depending upon the environments they encounter during their lifespan, Eevee can evolve into a form perfectly adapted to their local habitat.OVERVIEW The phenomenon of Pokémon evolution shares its name with the principle of descent with modification. This is known as biological evolution, and describes gradual changes in genetic traits across entire Pokémon populations. Pokémon evolution occurs during a single individual's lifespan, and describes how Kabuto (pg. 279) metamorphose into their adult form of Kabutops (pg. 281). Alternatively, biological evolution relates to the development of new species of Pokémon, and describes how Kabutops gradually adapted over millions of years into modern Scyther (pg. 245). In this book's entries, biological evolution is referred to as biological development in order to prevent confusion. FUNCTION The development of Weedle (pg. 25) and Caterpie (pg. 19) is a good example of how this variety of evolution works. Fossil records indicate that these two Pokémon sprang from a common ancestor over 100 million years ago. These distinct Pokémon started as two isolated populations of the same organism: a prehistoric worm-like creature with a three-stage life cycle. Due to environmental pressures like predation and climate change, Weedle's ancestors began to develop BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION complex social and communication skills that eventually formed the basis for modern Beedrill (pg. 29) hives. Alternatively, Caterpie's ancient ancestors lived in a region likely with more abundant sources of nectar, fruit, flower pollen, and different pressures and challenges. Individuals with advantageous traits and abilities tended to survive and alter the genetics of the next generation. Over millions of years, both groups drifted apart, becoming the specialized Pokémon species we know today. COOPERATIVE ADAPTATION Some Pokémon have developed symbiotic relationships through Biological evolution. Over many generations, two organisms can come to depend more and more on their relationship until it becomes essential for survival. It is generally easier to forge a symbiotic relationship than for a species to develop entirely new adaptations. For example, Bulbasaur's (pg. 1) symbiotic bulb was once an independent, stationary, semi-sentient plant-Pokémon. It could have evolved its own form of locomotion, but this might have taken millions of years. It was easier to develop adaptations that allowed it to grow on the backs of slow moving reptilian organisms that already had the means to walk. The bulbs that did this had an advantage over their competitors, and continued to specialize to coexist with their host.Photosynthetic cell layer Vascular tissue Brain deeply intwined with symbiotic tendrils Pe Stout legs to Support the weight of both organisms LS Interlinked heart and circulatory system Plant tendrils grow in parattel Blunted claws for with the host's musculature digging and climbing Bufo Ornate Pg. 1 Bulb opening Twin muscular plant vines Symbiotic ‘seed coreBULBASAUR CHARACTERISTICS Bulbasaur are toad-like quadrupeds that house a symbiotic plant on their back from birth. Both organisms have evolved to depend totally on the other for survival in a mutually beneficial relationship. The plant, once linked to the nervous system of its host, gains mobility and steady access to water and nutrients. The host is afforded protection by the plant's formidable array of toxic spores and muscular vines. PHYSIOLOGY At the core of Bulbasaur's symbiosis is a seed-like node that grows with its host organism. Though non-sentient, this node is tied directly into the host's nervous system and can process sensory data, functioning as a secondary neural ganglia. Like the small secondary brains in Onix (pg. 189) and other large Pokémon, this node allows Bulbasaur to coordinate efficiently while on the move. Without the plant's additional mental capacity, Bulbasaur would be unable to control its powerful vines in combat. The symbiotic plant-like creature housed on the Bulbasaur's back extends tendrils that interlink the nervous and circulatory systems of the two organisms. The heart of an adult Bulbasaur is bound by tuberous growths, feeding blood to the bulb on its back. BEHAVIOR Butbasaur are solitary creatures. They rarely socialize with others of their species, and are territorial in the wild. There is no account of a Bulbasaur surviving past infancy without its parasite, and subsequently no evidence that the tumor-like bulb can persist without a host. As it grows, the plant on Bulbasaur's back begins to integrate more deeply with the host's nervous system. Eventually, it begins taking on a greater share of the neural load while the host's brain functions begin to decrease. This effect is compounded in later evolutionary stages, changing the creature's behavior considerably. SIZE Height: 0.75m Length: Im Weight: 7kg Vine length: Sm LIFESTYLE Habit: Diurnal, solitary Diet: Omnivorous; bugs, plants Habitat: Forested regionsBud orifice widens and prepares for full expansion Developing petals Dexterous prehensile vines Fully expanded leaves increase in length by 25% increase the efficiency of ‘after evolution photosynthesis Symbiotic eerie Acute external ears Branching roots integrating with Forward facing the circulatory binocular vision Legs increase in thickness and gait widens Plant symbiote Tuber-like center node reaches fully coordinates interactions into host's between the two organisms extremities Bufo virent Pg. 3IVYSAUR CHARACTERISTICS Tvysaur and Bulbasaur are distinguished only by the size and progression of their parasitic bulb. The reptilian Pokémon host remains relatively unchanged after evolution, as the plant requires the most energy for its transformation. Ivysaur's bulb flowers during evolution, growing fleshy petals in a tightly bound bud. These will fully expand only once the Pokémon has matured into its final form. During this phase of the Pokémon's life, the plant begins to more deeply integrate itself, assuming near total control of Ivysaur's central and peripheral nervous system, suppressing the host's ability to control its own body. PHYSIOLOGY The bulb cannot complete its life cycle without a host, and because of this it is advantageous for the symbiotic bulb to preserve Ivysaur's health. This is unlike Paras (pg. 91), where the host's death is necessary for reproduction. Because of their dual nature, Ivysaur are quite adaptable, and can endure a variety of extreme environmental conditions neither organism could survive alone. In harsh desert climates, the bulb can sustain its vulnerable host with energy from the sun via photosynthesis and by trapping dew on its hydrophilic petals. BEHAVIOR In dark, heavily forested regions where photosynthesis is insufficient, the host organism can hunt for insect- Pokémon prey to support the metabolic needs of the bulb. Ivysaur requires vast quantities of food to support both component organisms. To help feed their growing host, the bulb's petals give off a pungent odor that attracts hungry Weedle (pg. 25) and Bellsprout (pg. 137). Using muscular vines, Ivysaur seize small Pokémon, and are even known to snatch Pidgey (pg. 31) out of the air. In preparation for their final evolution, Ivysaur spend months conserving energy and eating voraciously in order to build up the necessary metabolic reserves. SIZE Height: 1.25m Length: 1.15m Weight: 13kg Vine length: 10m LIFESTYLE Habit: Diurnal, solitary Imnivorous; large bugs, plants : Forested regions Life Span: 3-7 years ABILITIES Seed Range: 10m Ground Speed: 3kmlhDiaphragm-like mechanism Jaunches seeds and spores Fully expanded flower indicates maturity Leaves maximize surface area Tendrils extract nutrition from host's digestive tract Plant tendrils bulge through host's outer skin Broad padded feet support the fully grown flower Host tissue grows into the plant's central stalk, further integrating the two organisms ‘Circulatory system flows through seed core Plant tendrils complete ‘expansion through the host's body Bufo florentes Pg. 5VENUSAUR CHARACTERISTICS Venusaur are the final stage of Bulbasaur's life cycle, and represent one of the most deeply integrated symbiotic relationships in the natural world. During their evolution from Ivysaur, the seed core extends tendrils into all of the host's critical body systems, piercing the brain and completely subsuming the host organism's will. This alters the Pokémon's behavior and transitions them into a more sedentary lifestyle. PHYSIOLOGY Although the bulb and host are deeply intertwined, the two organisms cannot fully integrate at the cellular level. The bulb's plant cells produce and store energy differently than the host's. Even at this late stage of development, Venusaur are still two mutually dependent organisms. The plant cells in the bulb must be partitioned by a series of adaptive organs and complex biochemical exchanges in order to interact with the host's cells. Venusaur's flower functions as a large muscular diaphragm and can catapult spores and seeds long distances. The Pokémon's bulb can subdivide and eject smaller versions of itself at threats. These seed nodes weaponize Venusaur's symbiosis, latching onto other Pokémon and rapidly leeching internal fluids to increase their own size. These seeds cannot survive for long on any organism besides their reptilian host, but provide a potent, and deeply unsettling, defense. BEHAVIOR Butbasaur and Ivysaur are capable of reproduction, but Venusaur lay the most eggs during this Pokémon's lifespan. Before breeding, the seed core extends a specialized vine into the host's reproductive system, bundling each developing egg with a small symbiotic seed. Long before the egg hatches, this seed will begin integrating with its new host. This ensures that a new generation of Bulbasaur will emerge into the world already engaged in a symbiotic exchange that has continued unbroken for millions of years. SIZE Height: 2.25m Weight: 110kg Vine Length: 15m LIFESTYLE Habit: Diurnal, solitary ; large bugs, plants Lifespan: 7-10 years BREEDING Sexual Maturity: 3 years Mating Season: Springtime Egg Incubation: 1 week Clutch -7 eggs nguished by petal markingsDomed cranium containing large complex brain Acute forward facing eyes. Tail flame fed by liquid isoprene. Thick flame-retardant skin 3 chambered heart Efficient intestinal Aortic arches suppliment |Charmander's weak heartCHARMANDER CHARACTERISTICS Charmander are omnivorous, reptilian pack hunters known for the jet of fire perpetually erupting from the tip of their tail. Ectothermic by nature, Charmander depend upon the heat from this flame to regulate their body temperature. It burns throughout the creature's life, and is used for hunting, sexual competition, and defense against larger Pokémon. The size and intensity of a Charmander's tail flame is an indication of the individual's general health. PHYSIOLOGY The flame on a Charmander's tail is fed by liquid isoprene extracted during digestion from the chloroplasts of plants in Charmander's diet. Near the tip of the tail is a rough, sphincter-like orifice that controls the size of the flame. This fire is essential to Charmander's survival, and is used to regulate their cold-blooded bodies, as well as for defense. The ratio of brain-mass to body weight in adult Charmander indicates a high order of cerebral activity, pattern recognition, and advanced social skills. BEHAVIOR The center of a Charmander's life is the pack: a rigidly enforced matriarchal social structure that demands cooperation and communication. A Charmander pack can be composed of up to 60 individuals that include a number of dominant females, male and female subordinates, and various offspring. The pack hunts and forages together daily to sustain their numbers, tends to eggs, and secures territory. A large pack can control hundreds of square kilometers. Charmander packs are known to ignite small forests, causing other Pokémon to panic and flee from the blinding smoke. This tactic gives hunting Charmander, with their large acute eyes and fireproof skin, a significant advantage. SIZE | Height: 0.75m Weight: Arm span: 0.6m LIFESTYLE it: Social, pack hunter Omnivorous; plants, Rattata Habitat: Deserts and drier climes Life span: 1-7 years ABILITIES Homeothermic body temp: 35°CLarge masseter muscle for strong bite Arched feet adapted 10 hunting prey over ‘open groundCHARMELEON CHARACTERISTICS Horned predatory Pokémon larger Charmander, Charmeleon already bear many characteristics of their next developmental stage. Their long claws, increased strength, and explosive fire attacks can make them fearsome opponents. Because of their violent dispositions, they are more likely to flourish and evolve into their final forms if domesticated. PHYSIOLOGY The humerus bone in Charmeleon's upper arm is divided, creating the basic structure necessary for a rudimentary wing. Its skeletal density decreases by over a third, reducing their total weight significantly. During their final evolution, this process accelerates to form Charizard's hollow bones. BEHAVIOR After Charmander evolves into Charmeleon, it is driven from its former pack and forced into a life of relative solitude. This encourages genetic variation, as older Pokémon in the pack tend to die off or evolve. Newly-developed Charmeleon are instinctually compelled to seek out others to join and breed with, This transfers the strongest genes across multiple, distant Charmander packs. Once a Charmeleon has bred with members of a new pack, it is typically chased off again, though it may be permitted to join this new social group. After multiple rejections, many Charmeleon will simply remain solitary; as such, these lone Pokémon may be larger, more aggressive, and far more dangerous than one that remained as a member of a pack. Lone Charmeleon often have difficulty hunting, as the large Pokémon that comprise the diets of Charmander packs are too powerful for a single Charmeleon to take down alone. Because of this, they tend to hunt smaller Pokémon and scavenge carrion whenever it becomes available. Without the protection of a pack, few newly-developed Charmeleon survive for long. L than one in a hundred wild Charmeleon will endure long enough to evolve into Charizard. Ss | Height: 1.25m Weight: 20kg Habitat; Deserts and drier climes Lifespan: 7-15 years BREEDING Egg Incubation: 8 months | Clutch Size: 15-20 EggsFlame-retardant Mature flame expulsion Supportive structure Wing claw Membranous, highly vascular wing tissue for temperature regulation Piaie Aortic arches Fully developed isoprene reservoir Tridactyl feet "Lacerta ignis volante Pg. 11 iCHARIZARD CHARACTERISTICS Charizard are massive, reptilian, fire- breathing hexapods with broad wings and bright orange coloration. Unlike their lower evolutionary forms, Charizard have long necks and two blunt horns protruding from their small heads. Charizard only evolve from lone Charmeleon, and will not develop if they are part of a social group. The purpose of this restrictive process is not entirely understood, but may be a way to ensure that only the most powerful, independent, and re Charmeleon reach full maturity. As a result, Charizard live in isolation and tend to avoid other Pokémon that are not prey. Their disposition towards humans is typically hostile, and Charizard are among the most difficult Pokémon to domesticate. PHYSIOLOGY Unlike their prior forms, Charizard naturally produce isoprene and do not derive their tail flame's fuel from plant matter. They also produce hydrogen gas as a byproduct of their digestion, adding another source of flammable material to their arsenal. This gas resides in specialized chambers adjacent to their stomach, to increase Charizard's buoyancy and assist in flight. Aerosolized isoprene and hydrogen gas are also the source of this Pokémon's notorious fire- breathing abilities. Charizard are capable of venting bursts of this mixture though their open mouths, igniting it with a rough, thimble- shaped organ in their sinuses. If startled or approached reckles Charizard will often reflexively vent flame as a warning. BEHAVIOR Due to their size and formidable abilities, Charizard have been useful human allies for thousands of years. Charizard can be ridden with a saddle for a rider's balance and positioning, and a bridle or headgear to maintain control. They were once heavily utilized in warfare, but in the modern era, Charizard have largely been replaced by mechanized alternatives. Today, they are only used for reconnaissance in regions where motorized vehicles are ineffective. SIZE | Height: 1.75m Weight: 91kg Wingspan: 3.2m it: Solitary : Omnivorous; plants, large animals Habitat: Deserts and drier climates Lifespan: 16-30 years ABILITIES Homeothermic body temperature: 38°C Flame temperature: 400°C Fire Range: 50m | Top Flight Speed: 320km/hTransparent eyelid for high-speed travel "4 Hydrodynamic Bony beak in place of teeth Webbed hands Bony plates comprise shell Strong muscles for swimming Webbed feet Pelvis permanently joined to shellSQUIRTLE CHARACTERISTICS Squirtle are mischievous, aquatic, shelled creatures that prefer to interact only with Pokémon within their own evolutionary line. Squirtle typically walk on two legs, but are known to sprint at higher speeds as quadrupeds. While in the water, their webbed limbs and hydrodynamic bodies propel them up to 20 meters per second. PHYSIOLOGY Squirtle is one of only a few Pokémon that possesses lungs as well as functional gills. These two sets of organs are often used interchangeably. When near water, Squirtle are known to fill their lungs to capacity with fluid and retain it. They can draw oxygen from their saturated lungs for hours, and violently expel their load of water if they need to make a quick escape. Overlapping muscles on Squirtle's sides function like a diaphragm. Their motion expands and contracts its rigid shell along elastic plate-like joints, changing the volume of their chest cavity and drawing air (or water) into the lungs. This pressure can also be used to propel water from Squirtle's saturated lungs at high speed. Their bodies are encased in a bony shell, which hardens shortly after birth and continues to grow in thickness throughout their lives. Centuries ago, Squirtle shells were so highly prized as sources of hardened ivory that the species was hunted nearly to extinction. In the modern era, Squirtle populations have recovered as synthetic materials replaced their usefulness. BEHAVIOR They are powerful swimmers, and have been spotted traveling hundreds of miles from shore. Squirtle live much of their lives in water, mating while submerged and laying their leathery eggs in sandy deposits on isolated shorelines. Only with human intervention have some Squirtles been trained to abandon the sea and live on land. However, this environment is antithetical to their migratory instincts and often leads to severe emotional problems and misbehavior. Height: 0.75m Arm span: 0.5m LIFESTYLE Diurnal, typically social Omnivorous; Sea plants, Magikarp Habitat: Coastal waters in seaweed beds Lifespan: ABILITIES Projection Range: 7m Max Water Pressure: 90psi | Max Swim Speed: 35kmlh asHydrodynamic fins ‘Shell dorsal plate Water storage system Spinal column Cartitaginous ‘padding above beak Shell seute Intestines Differentiated Sturdy leg muscles adapted for bipedal movement Testudo bellum Pg. 15CHARACTERISTICS Wartortle are bipedal, pale blue, aquatic reptiles, easily distinguished from their lower evolutionary form by their large, plumed tails and ears. The majority of Wartortle's body is covered by its rigid shell. The shell is comprised of multiple overlapping bone plates called scutes that are bound together by leathery protective tissue. Wartortle are not as hydrodynamic as their smaller, less- evolved counterparts, but compensate in the water with their large size and more powerful limbs. PHYSIOLOGY Wartortle are well adapted to life on land, and lose their gills as they grow, to be replaced with a pressurized, water storage organ that allows Wartortle to eject bursts of swallowed seawater at lethal speeds. These twin compartments run the length of Wartortle's shell and are connected to their esophagus by a muscular valve. They are used for hunting, and allow Wartortle to blast unwary bird- Pokémon from the sky. As they evolve, these organs further develop into Blastoise's formidable dual jets. Wartortle's plumed tail and ears appear soft from a distance, but are actually composed entirely of thick, tightly woven keratin fibers. These rigid structures function as rudders while the Pokémon swims, allowing Wartortle to change directions at high speeds. This maneuverability equips them to chase down swift aquatic Pokémon, ensuring that Wartortle seldom go hungry. BEHAVIOR Wartortle are omnivorous, and eat a variety of marine and terrestrial Pokémon. They have been known to hunt Rattata (pg. 37) and Pidgey (pg. 31) when confined to land. Wartortle are immune to the stings of Tentacool (pg. 143), and consume them regularly. Due to Tentacool's low nutritional value, it is likely that Wartortle enjoy their taste or derive pleasure from the hunt. This behavior is encouraged by trainers to help keep coastal waters safe for humans. SIZE i Height: 1.25m Weight: 23kg Arm span: 0.75m LIFESTYLE Habit: Diurnal, typically social Diet: Omnivorous; Sea plants, Magikarp Habitat: Coastal waters in seaweed beds Lifespan: 13-34 years BREEDING Sexual Maturity: 25 years Mating Season: Spring Egg Incubation: 8 weeks Clutch Size: 110 Eggs-Testudo armis bellum Pg. 7CHARACTERISTICS Buastoise are large, armored, reptilian Pokémon with artificial cannons affixed to their internal water reservoirs. Ancient Blastoise populations lacked these external, tubular jets, and instead had two symmetrical, fleshy orifices jutting slightly from their shell. However, these Pokémon have become so selectively bred that they have gone extinct in the wild and the only remaining populations depend upon human intervention to survive. Blastoise have been a common fixture in human society for thousands of years. Prior to modern industrial development, they were used as a frequent fire-suppression method. Their utility was not limited to fire brigades, and trained Blastoise were often also necessary for transporting or storing fresh water. Blastoise labor played a key role in primitive industry and warfare as well, and encouraged breeding them toward larger water reservoirs and stronger expulsions. PHYSIOLOGY Over centuries and centuries of human interaction and deliberate breeding, the natural water expulsion system was expanded until it became dependent upon artificial, pipe-like insertions that allow focused streams of water to pass through them at high speeds. Today, these cannons contain mechanical components that interface with Blastoise's physiology to moderate stream size and strength. These components are surgically joined to Blastoise's water expulsion orifices immediately upon evolution. They seal directly into twin compartments along Blastoise's shell, which terminate in twin muscular valves. Without these cannons, Blastoise are likely to rupture or tear their own orifices, resulting in death. BEHAVIOR Buastoise have been selectively bred for obedience and utility, and as such they get along well with humans and adapt much more easily to captivity than their two less evolved forms. Blastoise are still a common sight in human cities, and are often uti i varied roles by police, coast guards, and military forces. Weight: 87kg Arm span: 1.5m YLE Diurnal, typically social mnivorous; Sea plants, Magikarp Habitat: Captivity Lifespan: 35-80 years ABILITIES Projection range: 15m Max water pressure: 2000kPa Max swim speed: 20kmlh | Max running speed: 4kmlhSensory antenna Spinneret Pheromone receptor — Dorsal plate Thorasic leg Abdominal leg. Abdominal muscles Abdominal chitin plates ~ Vermis foetidum Pg. 19 7CATERPIE CHARACTERISTICS Caterpie are diminutive larval herbivores that form the basis for many Pokémon food chains and have a very low trophic level. Caterpie are found worldwide. These unassuming invertebrates require more energy than most Pokémon to catalyze their evolution, and must feed constantly to maintain the necessary metabolic reserves. They are voracious eaters, and serious agricultural pests in many human communities. PHYSIOLOGY Caterpie have soft, vulnerable bodies with a hardened head carapace and large, acute eyes. Their mandibles are powerful and adapted for grinding tough vegetation. Behind Caterpie's mandibles is a large, highly complex, silk-producing organ that converges into a mass of forward-facing orifices. Caterpie are capable of consciously blending multiple types of filaments in unique combinations to adjust the strength and elasticity of their silk. These silk strands are Caterpie's primary method of defense, and are used to weave a protective shell necessary for their evolution. Caterpie are distantly related to the Weedle (pg. 25), but can be easily distinguished by their bright green coloration, absence of legs on every abdominal segment, and the prominent Y-shaped sensory apparatus on Caterpie's head. BEHAVIOR Caterpie are the prey for many distinct Pokémon species, and are particularly vulnerable to Pidgey (pg. 31) and its two evolved forms. Green coloration is Caterpie's first line of defense, and acts as camouflage. Using this to defend from aerial attacks, Caterpie instinctively freeze at the first sign of nearby bird Pokémon. If this fails, and the Pokémon is discovered, Caterpie thrash wildly while spraying large silk sheets to scare off potential predators. Despite these defensive adaptations, many Caterpie are eaten before they reach the next stage of their evolution. SIZE Height: 0.2m Length: 0.5m Weight: 3kg LIFESTYLE it: Solitary, diurnal lerbivorous; leaves and seeds Habitat: Forests, farm land Lifespan: 1-2 years ABILITIES Max String Projecti Projection Speed: 10kmlh } | Top Speed: 2km/hCrude musculature Primitive light-sensitive Impact resistant soft tissue Rigid, inert exterior shell Developing insect Pokémon wing ‘Shell stress point where ‘armor is thickest Abductor muscles ‘Sectioned carapace Vermis durum testa Pg. 21METAPOD CHARACTERISTICS As Caterpie's intermediate evolutionary stage, pupal Metapod are common, heavily-armored, and mostly immobile insect-Pokémon. The rigid outermost layers of a Metapod are composed of inert silk, spun by the Caterpie during its evolution. Within this armored cocoon, Caterpie's original organs liquefy and differentiate over many weeks into their final form. If Metapod's shell is broken by external forces before the organism within has finished developing, it is sure to perish. PHYSIOLOGY Beneath their rigid shell's exterior is a layer of crude musculature and soft tissue several centimeters thick, designed to cushion impacts and reduce stress on the developing Butterfree within. Most predatory Pokémon are incapable of breaking through Metapod's armor, and quickly learn to leave them alone. If attacked, Metapod possess only one meaningful defensive ability. By using powerful abductor muscles, Metapod can constrict the overlapping layers of their carapace in anticipation of a blow. This reflex diverts the force of impacts across the most powerful sections of Metapod's armor, allowing this Pokémon to endure incredible stresses without breaking or buckling. Eventually, the organism within Metapod's chrysalis finishes its transformation into an adult Butterfree and must escape. The newly-metamorphosed Butterfree scrapes and chews itself out, secreting fluid called cocoonase that softens Metapod's shell. This emergence occurs suddenly, taking only a few minutes for the adult organism to surface and fly away. BEHAVIOR With no offensive capabilities, Metapod depend upon concealment in order to survive, usually camouflaged among tall grasses or leaves in the tree line. Unlike Kakuna (pg. 27), which are afforded protection by adult Beedrill, Metapod are not social creatures and are ignored by their evolved forms. SIZE Height: 0.75m Width: 0.5m Weight: 10kg LIFESTYLE Habit: Diurnal, solitary Habitat: Forests, farm land Lifespan: 2-3 years ABILITIES Shell Hardness: 9-10Mohs Visual Acuity: 20/20 Spore Radius: SmRigid outer wing scaffold Flexible interior wing Sensory ganglia Antenna Wing vasculature Abductor muscles Hindwing Back legs for perching Vermis venana avium Pg. 23BUTTERFREE CHARACTERISTICS The final stage of Caterpie's lifecycle, Butterfree are docile, flying insect- Pokémon that play a critical role in pollination and seed dispersal for many plant species. After several months of development, Metapod's outer shell splits and an adult Butterfree climbs out. It takes several hours for the newly escaped Butterfree's wings to dry and expand. During this period, they are grounded and vulnerable. Butterfree are characterized by their four scaled wings and fluttering flight patterns. The scales coating their wings are almost invisible to the naked eye, and are very similar to Venomoth's (pg. 97). These tiny structures insulate Butterfree's wings and improve their aerodynamic properties. Butterfree's digestive system is adapted primarily for liquids, and feed on flower nectar, pollen, tree sap, and fruit jui PHYSIOLOGY Buttrfree have large compound eyes: and excellent vision. They are sensitive to the ultraviolet spectrum, a useful ability to spot desirable flower species from high altitudes. When flying, they primarily use their antennae to sense their surroundings. These organs are covered in tiny hair- like cells known as sensillum that receive and interpret complex olfactory information, Butterfree are a critical part of most ecosystems due to the role they play in pollination. Their oblong lower legs are covered in fine hairs which inadvertently trap pollen as they land on flowering plants. By flying from flower to flower, Butterfree transmit the plant's reproductive materials over long distances and can single- handedly ensure a forest's general health and continued expansion. BEHAVIOR Butterfree use pheromones to communicate across vast distances, using their specialized scaled wings to transmit scents during flight. These particulates can have a variety of unusual effects on other organisms, ranging from sudden allergic attacks to unconsciousness. Weight: 30kg Wingspan: 3m LIFESTYLE Habit: Social, diurnal Lifespan: 3-4 years BREEDING Sexual Maturity: 3 years Mating Season: Early spring Egg Incubation: 2 weeks Females are defined by purple markings } ABILITIES | Wingbeats per second: 45[——Hspodermie tip Venom gland Head stinger Head carapace Hind stinger Vertical Waterproof insulation iN mandibles Venom gland Aortic arches Chitinous ‘exoskeleton Hindgut Spherical body segment Vermis corniger Pg. 25WEEDLE CHARACTERISTICS Weedle are the carnivorous larval stage of Beedrill, and are a critical consumer of decaying matter and carrion in most forest ecosystems. These limbless insect-Pokémon can be found most commonly around Beedrill hives. In these massive communal structures, Weedle eggs are laid by the hundreds. After hatching, infant Weedle are dependent upon Beedrill for daily deliveries of meat. Only once they are fully grown can Weedle begin to venture out of the hive on their own. PHYSIOLOGY They possess two powerful stingers on either end of their body, and can deliver large doses of toxins comparable to their evolved form. Despite this, Weedle are vulnerable to predation from a variety of species, and even with the protection of their hive, few will live long enough to evolve into Kakuna. Lickitung (pg. 215), Pidgeotto (pg. 33), and Zubat (pg. 81) all routinely raid Beedrill nests, and will easily overpower and consume lone Weedle. The fortunate few that survive long enough to evolve will excrete a fast-drying, natural adhesive from both of their stingers which coats their bodies. This tightly binds Weedle, and hardens into the segmented plates of Kakuna's formidable armor. BEHAVIOR Weedle will consume any kind of organic tissue presented to them, but seem to overwhelmingly prefer rotten meat when it's available. Whenever a large Pokémon dies in a forested region, Weedle are always among the first scavengers arriving to pick the carcass clean, Weedle are used heavily in medical practices even in modern day. Under controlled hospital conditions, live Weedle can be introduced into festering human wounds. They feed on the dead or necrotic tissue, leaving healthy flesh mostly unharmed. This procedure has been met with widespread success, but must be carefully supervised to prevent the hungry Weedle from attempting to eat the patient alive. Weight: 35kg Stinger Size: Sem LIFESTYLE : Diurnal, highly social Diet: Detritivorous carnivore; necrotic flesh Habitat: Forests Lifespan: 1-2 years ABILITIES Max String Projection: 5m Projection Speed: 10km/h | Stinger Hardness: 8-9Mohs Lan an meneDeveloping head section and braincase Developing compound eye Armored ‘head plate Primative external eyes Primative stinger remains soft unit Abdominal stinger only ‘sprouts after evolution Developing abdomen Vermis tegmine Pg. 27KAKUNA CHARACTERISTICS Kakuna are immobile, heavily armored insect-Pokémon. They are the lifeblood of a Beedrill hive, and unlike their close cousins, Metapod (pg. 21), Kakuna require extensive care and protection during their development. These Pokémon cannot survive independently of a social support structure. PHYSIOLOGY Kakuna's armored exterior is comprised of chitin, a characteristic component of most insect-Pokémon skeletons. This substance is rigid, yet durable, and protects a developing Kakuna from physical damage. Kakuna have no external mouthparts or accessible orifices, and do not eat at all during their development. They are entirely enclosed and nutritionally self-sufficient until they evolve. As Kakuna grows, the soft internal organism almost entirely liquifies, reforming gradually into fully formed Beedrill in a compressed chitin shell. This takes several months, and upon completion, the new Beedrill will chew itself out of its prison using its powerful mandibles. BEHAVIOR As Weedle evolve into Kakuna, they disperse a chemical signal calling for members of the hive to come and collect them. Once a Beedrill has picked up the new Kakuna, it will place it carefully within the hive's main structure. Here the Kakuna can develop in relative safety for the several months required to evolve into their final developmental stage. Kakuna are highly sensitive to environmental conditions, and will produce a damaged or developmentally deficient Beedrill if poorly cared for. So to ensure the hive's next generation continues, Beedrill will carefully tend to the Kakuna's needs during this period. If the weather is too hot, they will fan their wings to lower Kakuna's temperature. If moisture accumulates on Kakuna's shell, attendant Beedrill will lick it off to prevent mildew from growing. SIZE Height: 0.75m Width: 0.5m Weight: 10.25kg LIFESTYLE Lifespan: 2-3 years ABILITIESForewing Antenna Wing vasculature Rotational muscles if ' stingers \ Chitinous segmented limbs , Stomach Venom gland Warning ‘coloration Apium cosuetedine Pg. 29 —_BEEDRILL CHARACTERISTICS Beedrill live in cooperative colonies of up to a hundred individuals, raising young and defending their territory collectively. Beedrill create wood pulp by mixing rotten wood and tree bark with their saliva. By fixing layer after layer of this pulp to a large tree or cliffside, Beedrill construct their hives. These massive structures are comprised of hundreds of hexagonal chambers, each with room for an egg to develop. PHYSIOLOGY Beedrill are named for the prominent conical stingers on their forelimbs. These twin weapons are just as capable of delivering venom as a Beedrill's abdominal stinger, but are used primarily as construction tools. Beedrill possess excellent eyesight, and use their compound vision to scout for prey through dense forest canopies. When it spots a suitable Pokémon, typically a Rattata (pg. 37) or Pidgey (pg. 31), the Beedrill swoops down onto its victim, stings it, and carries the paralyzed creature back to its hive to feed the colony. Their venom contains powerful digestive enzymes that liquefy the internal organs of prey Pokémon while they are still alive. This process takes several hours, making slurry of their prey. Bones, hooves, claws, and other indigestible parts are ground between Beedrill's mandibles and added to the hive. BEHAVIOR Adutt Beedrill are responsible for the care and feeding of their two lower evolutionary forms, and must constantly bring home food for the carnivorous Weedle that inhabit the hive. When an adult returns to the nest with food, hungry Weedle make rasping noises to signal their need. These powerful insect-Pokémon seldom sting non-prey organisms, except in defense of their hive. Although many people fear Beedrill, they are rarely responsible for human death. The sting is typically dangerous only to those who are allergic. In vertebrates, Beedrill venom affects the heart and blood vessels, reducing blood pressure and preventing clotting to ensure that the toxin spreads quickly. Height: 15m Weight: 30kg Wingspan: 3.5m LIFESTYLE BREEDING Sexual Maturity: Breeding Season: Late Summer Number of Eggs: 10-200 annually | Hatching time: I weekConjoined tibia and fibula Aves communia Pg. 31CHARACTERISTICS Pidgey are one of the most plentiful and widespread Pokémon on the planet, and are rarely found far from human settlements, Pidgey are advantageous feeders, supplementing their natural diet of seeds with food provided (or stolen) from humans. Their success and survival is in large part due to their ability to exploit human food sources, from spilled breadcrumbs to large-scale crops. Today, they are considered pests in many parts of the world and often hunted or captured for sport. PHYSIOLOGY Like all bird Pokémon, Pidgey have hollow skeletons, light but powerful muscular systems, and a high metabolic rate that requires constant energy to maintain. Pidgey lack teeth ora true jaw, depending instead on a lightweight beak for pecking and plucking at food that they swallow whole. With a gizzard below their stomach containing small gastroliths, they can grind tough seeds, grains, and other indigestible materials that make it into their gastrointestinal tracts. Pidgey have didactyl feet: two forward-facing toes with blunt talons jutting from a padded base. This allows Pidgey to land, grip outcroppings to roost, and make quick dismounts when threatened, startled, or hungry for their next meal. PIDGEY BEHAVIOR They are prey to many carnivorous Pokémon, ranging from Ekans (pg. 45) to Meowth (pg. 103) to evolved raptors such as Fearow (pg. 43). In their un-evolved forms, Pidgey have few attacks to aid their survival, instead relying on escape and their prolific breeding. They are capable evaders in flight, and their small bodies allow them to shelter in close underbrush and hidey-holes where larger predators can't follow. Pidgey rarely breed far from humans, often nesting in roofs or attics. They construct untidy nests of twigs, scavenged trash, and fabric where they lay their small eggs. Typically social with other members of their species, nesting Pidgey become highly territorial and will attempt to defend their young from any Pokémon that approaches too closely. SIZE Height: 0.5m Weight: 2kg Wingspan: 1.5m LIFESTYLE Habit: Diurnal. Typically social Diet: Herbovorous; Seeds and grains Habitat: Forests, fields Lifespan: 2-3 years ABILITIES Gust Strength: SOkm/h Flight speed: 50km/hAyes pluma brevis Pg. 33PIDGEOTTO CHARACTERISTICS Larger and more powerful than their diminutive evolutionary forms, Pidgeotto are a common sight in many rural areas. They are easily distinguished from Pidgey by their prominent crimson crest and bright tail plumage. Pidgeotto eat a wide variety of foods, including seeds, leaves, acorns, grains, and berries. They are also opportunistic predators, eating Caterpie (pg. 19) and other insect- Pokémon. Like Pidgey, Pidgeotto enjoy eating crops. In the summer months, large flocks of these Pokémon can descend upon ripe fields and strip them clean. For this reason, farmers often keep a variety of trained predatory Pokémon on hand to patrol their fields and ward off hungry Pidgeotto. PHYSIOLOGY In order to digest diverse food sources, Pidgeotto possess a muscular pouch adjacent to their esophagus called a crop. The crop grinds and softens food and can store seeds or grain for long periods before moving them into the digestive system. Pidgeotto also possess a gizzard, a specialized stomach-like organ composed of muscular bands that can grind, rotate, and crush difficult foods. Like Graveler (pg. 149), Pidgeotto's gizzard contains small stones called gastroliths that were deliberately swallowed to aid in digestion and function like the teeth of most other Pokémon. With an increased wingspan, longer beak and talons, and aggressive temperament, Pidgeotto pose a threat to predators and even unevolved Pidgey when competing for food. BEHAVIOR During breeding season, Pidgeotto attract mates with a high-pitched call and a series of intricate aerial maneuvers, Unlike most Pokémon species where one sex must entice the other, Pidgeotto displays are mutual and either sex can reject the other's display. This behavior is, in part, a consequence of their low levels of sexual dimorphism. Male and female Pidgeotto are nearly identical in size, disposition, power, and appearance. SIZE Height: 125m Weight: 31kg Wingspan: 3m LIFESTYLE Diet: Omniverous; Seeds, grains, Caterpie Lifespan: 3-5 years BREEDING Sexual Maturity: I year Mating Season: Spring Egg Incubation: 2 weeks } Clutch Size: 3-5 eggsAves pluma rubeus Pg. 35PIDGEOT CHARACTERISTICS Pidgeot are carnivorous, aerial, apex predators known for their powerful talons and fierce dispositions. Pidgeot routinely consume prey weighing more than 10 kg, and have been recorded carrying off Pokémon equal to their own body weight. Their main prey are large mammalian Pokémon like Mankey (pg. 111) and adolescent Slowpoke (pg. 157). Pidgeot's diet differs dramatically from their two lower evolutionary forms. This appears to have developed so that adolescent Pidgey and adult Pidgeot are not competing for identical food sources. A striking difference in disposition and diet allows Pidgey to occupy various ecological niches during its lifespan, increasing its overall survivability. PHYSIOLOGY Pidgeot make their homes in forests and jungles, and are poorly adapted to open terrain. Their wings are proportionally shorter than many other predatory flying Pokémon, adapted to navigate dense canopy branches. They are adept flyers, but sacrifice speed for maneuverability. Pidgeot use a specialized hunting technique known as 'perch-hunting’, which entails brief flights from tree to tree while scanning for prey. When a suitable target is spotted, Pidgeot dives from its perch to spear the Pokémon on its outstretched talons. BEHAVIOR Pidgeot are monogamous, and once pair bonded, will remain with their partners for the rest of their lives. If one Pidgeot dies, the remaining Pokémon will seldom attempt to find a replacement mate. Male and female Pidgeot are identical in size and disposition, and signal their desire to find a partner by constructing a nest. Once a member of the opposite sex expresses interest, the two Pokémon enter into mutual aerial displays. Pidgeot will chase each other for several hours, clasping talons and entering mutual diagonal dives to display affection. After the conclusion of these displays, the interested Pidgeot will decide whether or not to join the nest and raise young. SIZE Height: 1.5m Weight: 40kg Wingspan: 3m Tail Length: 0.2m LIFESTYLE it: Diurnal, typically social ‘arnivorous; large Pokémon Habitat: Forests and jungles Lifespan: 5-7 years ABILITIES Gust strength: 70km/hDomed cranium Weighted tail curl for balance Large external ear Temporalis ‘muscle - Ovelapping Sinuses tail muscles Perpetually growing teeth ples “a Fleshy whisker External oblique muscles Rattus purpura Pg. 37RATTATA CHARACTERISTICS Rattata are diminutive, purple, rodent Pokémon that are common throughout the known world. They are generally considered pest organisms, causing extensive damage to human crops, burrowing under buildings, damaging infrastructure, and invading food stores. They are a threat to many natural habitats because of their aggressive population growth and feeding habits. Several remote islands have had their ecology adversely altered by the sudden arrival of Rattata, and even the Alola region struggles to contain their infestation of these voracious rodents, PHYSIOLOGY Rattata are characterized by their sharp, protruding incisors. These teeth do not stop growing throughout the Pokémon's life. Because of this, Rattata must gnaw constantly to prevent their teeth from puncturing through their own bottom jaw. Their front limbs have strong claw-like nails adapted for digging. Rattata's dexterous hands, small bodies, and strong limbs allow them to run, climb, swim, burrow, or leap through most obstacles in their way. BEHAVIOR They often raid pantries, basements, and other storage for grains and cereals. Rattata are extremely successful omnivores and eat a wide range of foods, even including a variety of small Pokémon. Due to their small size, Rattata are easy prey to many predatory Pokémon species. This includes, but is not limited to, Meowth (pg. 103), Ekans (pg. 45), Growlithe (pg. 115), and Bellsprout (pg. 137). To ensure steady numbers, Rattata must breed often, creating nests in underground burrows or old trees, laying up to three clutches of eggs annually. It is not known where Rattata originated, but by hitching rides on human transports, these adaptable Pokémon have spread across the globe. Rattata can be found wherever humans live. With rare exception, they depend heavily upon human settlements for food and shelter. SIZE Length: 0.5m Height: 0.3m Weight: 3.75kg LIFESTYLE Habit: Nocturnal, typically social Diet: Opportunistic omnivores Habitat: In and around cities and towns Lifespan: 1-3 years ABILITIES Sprinting Speed: 7kmlh } Jumping Height: 7mThick cranial plate Efficient lower digestive tract Tridactyl to€ arrangement Rattus magnus Pg. 39RATICATE CHARACTERISTICS Raticate are heavyset, bipedal rodent- Pokémon covered in coarse fur. They are much larger than their lower evolutionary form, and easily distinguished from Rattata by their coloration and scaly, prehensile tail. Raticate are omnivores with large teeth that grow constantly throughout the Pokémon's life. They primarily eat plant matter, and enjoy seeds, grass, and tree bark. In order to digest this plant matter, Raticate perform coprophagy or the eating of their own feces. By producing and consuming specialized, soft fecal pellets called cecotropes, they can recycle vitamins and fiber for proper digestion. Raticate share this unusual behavior with Wigglytuff (pg. 79). PHYSIOLOGY Raticate's fleshy whiskers are highly vascular and contain delicate nerve endings. These specialized organs form the basis for a tactile sense totally distinct from and complementary to Raticate's skin. Because these Pokémon are most active at night, they cannot always rely on sight to find food and shelter. Their whiskers allow them to sample their environment, determine if an opening is suitably sized to hide their large bodies, and detect predators in total darkness. Raticate's whiskers also play a social role, and are brushed affectionately together to promote group bonding and for reconciliation post-conflict. BEHAVIOR Raticate are much more social than Rattata. While some live solitary lives, they are most commonly found in groups of 10-20 individuals, with two or three males guarding up to 15 females. Males establish social bonds and a breeding hierarchy, with the larger male typically controlling the group. Raticate travel together in search of suitable food sources, and a hungry group can scour a field of crops in a single evening. Raticate are extremely vocal Pokémon, with a wide variety of distinct calls. They can make shrieks and dog-like barks when threatened or competing for social rank, Weight: 19kg LIFESTYLE Habit: Nocturnal, typically social I Eemicr ese shorts hitter ne a eeExtensor carpi obliqus Triceps brachii Patagialis Longus Serratus posterior Tail feathers (retrices)SPEAROW CHARACTERISTICS Spearow are carnivorous bird- Pokémon found most commonly on mountains, moors, and rocky ravines. Large flocks of up to a hundred fly, feed, and roost together. During breeding season, these groups divide up, hold their individual territories, and defend them violently. Spearow are agile in the air, and prefer to attack opponents by dive-bombing repeatedly with their sharp talons. PHYSIOLOGY Though a powerful instrument, a Spearow's hooked beak is rarely used for attacks, but rather for tearing meat after it has made its kill or detected the remains of one. Spearow primarily eat carrion, and can be seen picking at the corpses of larger Pokémon. They are opportunistic carnivores, and will attack and consume any Pokémon species that they can overpower. As is common with most bird- Pokémon, the female Spearow is significantly larger than the male. This phenomenon is known as sexual dimorphism, and prevents resource competition between the sexes. Female Spearow typically hunt and kill prey that is too large or strong for the males to cope with. BEHAVIOR Spearow nest seasonally, and lay eggs in pairs, often several days apart. One chick always hatches early, giving it a significant physical advantage over its late sibling. If the parents are unable to bring sufficient food for both chicks, the older chick will bully the younger, weaker one until it dies of starvation. This ensures that during lean years with limited food, at least one chick is likely to survive. Spearow have a well-deserved reputation for aggression, and often attack humans that venture into their territories. Spearow are even known to raid the nests of other bird- Pokémon, carrying away eggs and smashing them on rocks in order to feed on their nutritious yolks. It is common for Spearow to intimidate, harass, and steal from other Pokémon. SIZE Height: 0.5m Weight: 2kg Wingspan: 1.1m Tail Length: 0.2m LIFESTYLE Habit: Diurnal, highly social Diet: Carrion Habitat: Mountains and plains Lifespan: 1-4 years ABILITIES Flight speed: 60kmlh Dodge Speed: 50kmlh | Beak hardness: 6.5MohsPrimary flight feathers Rigid head crest. insive Expansi ‘mouth cavity Ankle jointFEAROW CHARACTERISTICS Fearow are aerial, alpha raptors characterized by their large size and powerful talons. Fearow possess elongated, forward-facing heads that terminate with a sharp harpoon-like beak. Their heads crest in rough, brightly colored plumage that helps stabilize their long necks in flight. Fearow are efficient aerial predators for a variety of large mammalian Pokémon. They are the primary predator of Vulpix (pg. 73), and are immune to their formidable chemical defenses. Fearow have binocular vision, and their large slanted eyes are fixed in their sockets, so they must turn their entire head to look around. PHYSIOLOGY Fearow's wingspan is among the largest of all known flying Pokémon at over 400 cm. Their wings are stiff and covered with coarse feathers along the edges. These adaptations make them highly efficient flyers, and allow Fearow to soar for hours while searching for prey, flapping only occasionally to maintain altitude. Fearow's soaring is aided by a sheet of tendons called a shoulder-lock that holds the wing rigid when extended. BEHAVIOR Fearow have a varied diet that includes insect, mammalian, and even other bird-type Pokémon. They swoop down and pluck small Pokémon from open ground, or flush them from cover by beating their large wings. Larger prey is chased down and exhausted until it can be pecked to death and consumed. Armored Pokémon like Squirtle (pg. 13) or Metapod (pg. 21) are bashed repeatedly against the ground or dropped from high altitude until they are killed. Fearow can be found in almost every climate, and adapt easily to new prey sources. They have no natural predators, but are known to compete with Pidgeot (pg. 35) for territory. Both large bird-Pokémon depend on the same food resources, and will violently clash in an attempt to chase the other away. Fearow typically triumph in one-on-one conflicts, but can be easily chased off or killed by several Pidgeot working together. SIZE Height: Im Weight: 40kg Wingspan: 4m LIFESTYLE Habit: Diurnal, typically social Diet: Carnivorous; carrion and Pokémon Habitat: Mountains and plains BREEDING Sexual Maturity: 1 year Mating Season: Fall Egg Incubation: 6 weeks Clutch Size: 4-6 eggs Female is largerThick scales for burrowing Conspicuous Heat sensitive ‘warning coloration Hypodermic fang. Dried bone Forked tongue Thin ribs Anguis venenatorum Pg. 45EKANS CHARACTERISTICS Exkans are limbless reptilian Pokémon commonly found in forests and grassland worldwide, and are powerful predators that subdue their prey with a neurotoxic venom. An Ekans is recognized by its distinctive tail rattle, which it shakes loudly before striking. This defensive adaptation gives other Pokémon a chance to retreat, and prevents Ekans from wasting venom on non-prey organisms. PHYSIOLOGY The rattle itself is comprised of hollow, interlocking keratin segments that clack together when shaken. Every time Ekans sheds its skin, the rattle gains a segment, allowing for a louder warning. The rattle continues to grow until Ekan's development into Arbok, whereupon it is permanently shed. Ekan's venom is among the most potent of all known Pokémon species, containing a powerful presynaptic neurotoxin that causes severe paralysis. Because of this, other large Pokémon typically avoid Ekans, leaving them with very few natural predators. BEHAVIOR During mating season, females secrete small amounts of sex pheromones, leaving a trail the males follow using their forked tongue, conveying the scent to the vomeronasal organs in their mouths. Once a receptive female has been located, multiple male Ekans will spend several days following her around, rubbing their bodies on her in an attempt to initiate courtship. During this period, the eager males engage in "combat dances", which consist of two Ekans intertwining and attempting to use their muscular strength to push the other to the ground. The larger males usually end up driving the smaller males away, increasing their chances of mating with the female. Outside of this season, Ekans rarely socialize with others of their species, living and hunting alone. Only the mother Ekans stays to brood over her eggs until they hatch. SIZE Height: 0.2m Length: 2m Weight: 7kg LIFESTYLE it: Nocturnal, solitary ‘arnivorous; small pokemon Habitat: Forests and grasslands Lifespan: 1-6 years ABILITIES Venom Projection: 2m Strike Speed: 8Skmlh } Venom Strength: LD,, 10mgOverlapping hood musculature Warning spots ‘Scoot body segment Rattle-tess tail tip Expansive body cavityARBOK CHARACTERISTICS Arbok are mighty apodal predators that use their immense bodies and copious amounts of potent venom to overpower and consume other Pokémon. They track prey by tasting the air with their forked tongues, and move silently by using "scoots": large specialized scales that run the width of their bodies. Each scoot is attached to a rib and grips the ground independently of other scales. By utilizing these in sequence, Arbok can propel themselves forward at up to 25 kilometers per hour. However, they cannot move backward due to the overlapping nature of their belly scales. A similar mechanism controls Arbok's characteristic and menacing hood. Arbok displays it when startled, rearing up and spreading the flexible bands of tissue between bones along its neck. Like Ekans' rattle, this intimidating display is intended to repel intruders without requiring the Pokémon to strike and waste precious venom. PHYSIOLOGY Arbok have highly-developed venom delivery mechanisms, Along either side of its head is a specialized duct that carries venom from gland to fang. The fang itself is a hollow tooth like a hypodermic needle. Arbok's fangs are sheathed in muscular tissue affixed to the jaw bone. When its mouth opens, the fang is reflexively erected and venom begins to flow. When the Arbok bites, the muscles surrounding its venom gland contract, discharging large quantities of venom. Arbok is capable of swallowing prey whole, dislocating its jaw to gradually work a meal into their long stomachs. This process can take several hours for Pokémon sized similarly to Arbok itself. BEHAVIOR Unlike their less-evolved form, Arbok are active mostly at night and seldom seen by humans. They tend to reside in undisturbed forests and bamboo thickets, far from human settlements. Their only natural predators are flying Pokémon, which can swoop suddenly from above to avoid Arbok's deadly strikes. SIZE Length: 4m Weight: 70kg LIFESTYLE Habit: Nocturnal, solitary Diet: Carnivorous; small pokemon Habitat: Forests and grasslands BREEDING Sexual Maturity: 1 year Mating Season: Late winter, early spring Egg InculWarning coloration Primary lateral electrocyte Antenna Internal ear Tail musculature External oblique muscle Knee joint. Small three-toed feetIKACHU CHARACTERISTICS Small, adaptable, rodent-like Pokémon notable for their electrical abilities, Pikachu are covered in bright yellow fur with brown accents on the tips of their antennae. Their tail is used for balance when standing upright and can signal the creature's mood. They are omnivorous, but with small mouths, blunted teeth, and clumsy paws, Pikachu can only eat meat opportunistically. Deceptively clumsy and top-heavy, the Pikachu is capable of rapid bursts of strength and agility when threatened, running on all fours at speeds up to 10 meters per second. They are preyed upon by a variety of larger Pokémon species, and are skittish by nature. Because of this, Pikachu are notoriously difficult to domesticate and are likely to attack and electrocute humans who attempt to train them. PHYSIOLOGY Pikachu's electrical abilities are well known, and originate from the two thick antenna atop their heads. Often mistaken for ears, these protrusions are actually made up of tightly-wound electrocytes. Sodium ions can flow through this structure at will, causing a sudden change in electric potential, to generate powerful currents. Secondary electrocyte ganglia in Pikachu's chest can be utilized in sequence to deliver high voltage charges. While unlikely to be lethal to adult humans, these bursts of electricity are sufficient to stun or deter most other Pokémon, BEHAVIOR Th the wild, Pikachu live in tight-knit communities of up to 30 individuals with very little hierarchy, reproducing year round. Those in the same group tend eggs and raise children collectively and groom each other. They prefer to flee when frightened, but a serious threat can cause a group of Pikachu to rally to a deadly defense. Just two dozen of these creatures working together can deliver enough electricity to kill a full grown Onix (pg. 189). ~~ Key Facts SIZE Height: 0.5m Weight: 6.25kg Tail Length: 0.3m LIFESTYLE Habit: Nocturnal, very social Di i Habitat: Plains and deserts Lifespan: 1-13 years ABILITIES Charge: 500 volts Electric field range: 10m Dodge speed: 12kmlh } Jumping Height: 4m LeCartilage \ Conductive tissue Paraltet Electrocyte Blunted paws Digitigrade foot Broad electro- conductive pad Cranium Ear articulation ‘muscles (Temporalis)RAICHU CHARACTERISTICS The mature form of Pikachu, Raichu are three-toed mammalian Pokémon with large hind legs and a whip-like tail as long as their body. This tail is fully prehensile and terminates in a broad pad, capable of delivering high voltage shocks upon impact. Raichu prefer to move bipedally, unlike Pikachu, which are equally comfortable on two or four legs. This gait allows Raichu to bound along at high speeds, and leap several meters into the air to avoid predators. While they favor inhabiting sandy regions and desert terrain, they can be found in a variety of climates wherever food is plentiful. PHYSIOLOGY Raichu are the most electro-sensitive of all Pokémon, using the large webbed growths on either side of their head to detect natural electromagnetic stimuli. This finely-tuned sense the muscle movements of other organisms even in total darkness, and allows Raichu to orient itself to the planet's magnetic field. Governed by four central nerves that branch from a specialized lobe of Raichu's brain, these organs terminate in the "ears" with the electrocytes themselves, Each one is oriented into hexagonal columns that consist of millions of gelatinous plates. Like in Pikachu, Raichu can shunt sodium ions along the electrocyte's length, causing a rapid shift in electric potential for their potent voltage attacks, Raichu supplements this ability with additional electrocytes running the length of its tail. By utilizing these organs in sequence, Raichu is capable of delivering double the discharge of its less-evolved form. BEHAVIOR Raichu are relatively solitary, and interact with other members of their species mostly during mating season. Single females mate with multiple males, and produce two to three clutches of eggs a year. Raichu eggs are incubated within fur-lined nests protected in tree hollows or underground burrows. The mother guards these soft-shelled eggs from Ekans (pg. 45), Cubone (pg. 207), and other aggressive, predatory Pokémon that might attempt to attack the nest. Key Facts it: Crepuscular, Solitary Lifespan: 13-20 years BREEDING Sexual Maturity Clutch Size: 12 eggs | Females have blunted tat i7 wy bn aX a 3 s g g 3 = 8 = 3 = an =CHARACTERISTICS These solitary, subterranean mammals are covered in hard bony plates that provide protection from harsh desert conditions as well as hostile and predatory Pokémon, Sandshrew spend most of the day sleeping safely in their underground burrows, emerging only at night to feed. Each burrow can be several meters deep and up to a kilometer in total length. These often terminate in nesting chambers, which Sandshrew line with weeds and grass to create a safe space for eggs to develop. PHYSIOLOGY Their characteristic armor is comprised of dermal bone coated in layered keratin, a fibrous structural protein found in the hair and armor of many Pokémon species, as well as human fingernails. These rigid, rectangular shields are separated by bands of flexible skin that allow a wide range of movement. The thickest armor covers the top of the head, upper limbs, and tail. The underside of a Sandshrew is more thinly armored, and vulnerable to attack. Sandshrew have relatively poor eyesight, and depend on their keen sense of smell to hunt for food, They are omnivorous, eating mostly insect- Pokémon, small eggs, roots, mushrooms, and fallen fruit, When confronted by potential threats, HREW Sandshrew curl themselves into a ball, protecting their vulnerable underbellies, and roll away at high speeds to escape attack. Like Graveler (pg. 149), Sandshrew can tighten powerful abdominal muscles, shifting its body weight forward to create momentum and roll their spherical bodies at speeds reaching up to 5 meters per second. BEHAVIOR Despite their formidable armor, Sandshrew are hunted heavily by Fearow (pg. 43) and Arbok (pg. 47) and rarely survive to develop into their secondary form. They are known to occasionally share underground tunnels with Diglett (pg. 99) and Onix (pg. 189), but are typically compelled to avoid all contact with other organisms. SIZE Height: 0.75m Weight: 13kg Arm span: 0.5m LIFESTYLE Habit: Nocturnal, solitary Lifespan: 1-6 years Habitat: Desert ABILITIES Burrowing speed: 12kmlh Scurrying Speed: 20km/h Sand Spray Range: 10km | Plating Hardness: 6MohsSkull crest Mus spineus Pg. 55S. CHARACTERISTICS Sandslash are herbivorous, heavily built bipeds with spiked backs and clawed forelimbs. They inhabit arid, low-lying regions and hide during the day in subterranean lairs, emerging only at night to forage. Sandslash's most distinctive feature are its dermal plates, which consist of up to 35 modified bony scales called ‘osteoderms'. These structures are fully articulate, and can be raised or flattened by specialized muscles in Sandslash's back. Osteoderms are not directly attached to the Pokémon's skeleton, and instead arise from the skin. The largest plates are anchored along Sandslash's shoulder and can measure up to half a meter in length. PHYSIOLOGY The arrangement of plates varies between individuals and are important in distinguishing one Sandslash from another. Sandslash's osteoderms have multiple functions beyond armor. They can be raised to increase Sandslash's apparent size to intimidate rivals. These plates can also control the Pokémon's body temperature, with ridges of vascular tissue running through each one. Air flowing around the plates cools the blood, allowing Sandslash to endure extreme high temperatures with ease. Sandslash have no wrists or finger bones, shedding these structures SLASH during evolution. Their front claws are actually sharpened extensions of. their forearm bones. Sandslash use these powerful appendages to dig for tubers and fend off attackers. BEHAVIOR Sandslash spend much of their time underground and are well adapted to subterranean existence. They have transparent eyelids that protect their delicate eyes while digging, and large capacity lungs to thrive with low oxygen. Compared to most Pokémon, Sandslash have a low brain-to-body mass ratio, and are governed largely by instinct. They eat low-lying bushes and shrubs and dig for desert tubers for most of their water supply. If caught in the open, Sandslash curl into a tight ball and expand their bony plates to deter predators. SIZE Height: 1.25m Weight: 30kg Arm Span: 2m LIFESTYLE Habit: Nocturnal, solitary Diet: Omnivorous Habitat: Desert Lifespan: 7-13 years BREEDING Sexual Maturity: I year Mating Season: Summer Egg Incubation: 6 weeks | Clutch Size: 4 eggsPorous hypodermic tip ‘Secondary venomous spine Spinal column ‘Sharp incisors ‘for gnawing Sensory whisker. Diminutive front toesNIDORAN (Female) CHARACTERISTICS Nidoran are small, venomous, mammalian Pokémon that exhibit a high degree of sexual dimorphism. This means that despite being the same Pokémon species, Nidoran bear striking physiological differences based on their biological sex. These differences grow in significance as the Pokémon develop and evolve, and are most apparent in their final, mature forms. PHYSIOLOGY Both mate and. | female Nidoran hatch with rigid horns on their foreheads. These keratin-based structures are connected to venom-producing glands. At this early stage of development, the primary distinction between the two genders is their coloration (blue for female, purple for male), and the nature of their venom. Female Nidoran possess neurotoxic venom, which disrupts and damages the brain and central nervous system. This venom is not life-threatening to humans, but is so excruciating that victims may be temporarily incapacitated. When female Nidoran attack, they charge forward and attempt to pierce a target with their forehead spine. Venom is injected into the horn through the forward pressure and momentum of Nidoran's skull. Once it has embedded itself in another organism, spongey tissue at the base of the horn is compressed, pushing venom up a porous core and into their intended target. BEHAVIOR During mating season, their venom- producing glands become highly active, and both male and female Nidoran spar aggressively with other members of their sex for the right to mate. They use their horns to drive away competitors, and entice the attention of the opposite sex through displays of physical prowess. Both sexes of Nidoran keep to themselves in the wild and are often benign toward humans, but females are generally more amenable to training than males. SIZE Height: 0.5m Length: 0.75m Weight: 8kg LIFESTYLE it: Nocturnal, solitary egetarian; fungi Lifespan: 1-7 years ABILITIES Charging Speed: 15kmlh Venom Strength: LDgy 30mgHardened cartilage spines Fully articulate ‘external ears Thick cranial plating “facing eyes Primary venom reservoir Protruding canine tooth Relatively small Rigid tail for balance Powerful thigh muscles - Grandis spineus feminieus Pg. 39 -NIDORINA CHARACTERISTICS Nidorina are the intermediary evolutionary stage of female Nidoran. They are characterized by their partially bipedal gait, large ears, and dangerous neurotoxic spines. Nidorina only naturally produce approximately 25% of their total venom; the rest is derived from the Weedle (pg. 25), Ekans (pg. 45), and Bellsprout (pg. 137) in Nidorina's natural diet. Venom production is a metabolically intensive process, so their digestive system is designed to sequester, concentrate, and store natural toxic compounds, Captive Nidorina often lack the toxicity of their wild counterparts, because they are reared on diets that do not contain naturally occurring neurotoxins. PHYSIOLOGY During evolution, Nidorina lose the forehead spine of their lower evolutionary form, and instead develop a symmetrical series of venomous ridges along their back. These are primarily defensive, used to prevent aerial attacks from Fearow (pg. 43) or Golbat (pg. 83). If attacked, Nidorina will quickly bury themselves using their strong forearms, and present their toxic spinal ridges while protecting their vulnerable underbelly. BEHAVIOR Nidorina seldom interact with their male counterparts, as Nidorina tend to occupy dry low-lying regions while Nidorino are at home in forested canyons. When the two sexes do encounter each other, it often results in hostility, with both Pokémon sparring until the point of exhaustion and retreat. The neurotoxic properties of Nidorina venom have been exploited by humans for centuries, and were used in some of the earliest varieties of medical anesthesia. Even in the modern day, chemicals extracted from their spines have been shown to have medicinal effects. There is currently research into derivatives of Nidorina venom for therapeutic painkillers. So far the proper medicinal dose is dangerously close to the lethal dose, and unfit for consumption. SIZE Height: Im Weight: 20kg Tail Length: 0.3m ‘Arm span: 0.75m LIFESTYLE Habit: Nocturnal, solitary t: Vegetarian; fungi : Deserts, valleys, badlands Lifespan: 7-10 years ABILITIES Dodging Speed: 20kmlh Spine Hardness: SMohs Venom Strength: LD 30mg‘Large external ears ‘Shoulder plate —— Ossified tendons Terminal armor plate: Broad didacty! toes -Armored abdominal plate Spineus regina Pg. 61at a NIDOQUEEN CHARACTERISTICS Nidoqueen are the final evolutionary stage of female Nidoran. They are warm-blooded, armored, bipedal organisms covered in venomous spines. Nidoqueen are particularly notable because they are one of few Pokémon species that possess mammary glands and produce milk for their young. Nidoqueen are distinguished from Nidoking (pg. 67) by their blue coloration, blunt spines, and short rigid tails with ossified tendons. PHYSIOLOGY Nidoqueen are distantly related to Kangaskhan (pg. 229), and share multiple biological characteristics. Both organisms are armored bipeds that produce milk to care for their young, and both are a ruminant Pokémon species with a four- chambered stomach that feed on grasses, leaves, and bark. BEHAVIOR Every winter, Nidoqueen use their powerful forelimbs to dig a large burrow for hibernation. During this three-month dormant period, their metabolism is dramatically reduced and Nidoqueen's heartbeat slows from 65 beats per minute to 10. Immediately before entering hibernation, Nidoqueen lay their eggs in the burrow, which wake the mother when they hatch in spring. After emerging from the burrow, their young must be suckled for several weeks before they are strong enough to survive on their own. While Nidoqueen themselves have no natural predators, their newly hatched Nidoran young have not yet fully developed their poison spines and are extremely dependent upon their mothers for defense. Nidoqueen's ears are extremely sensitive and perfectly adapted to hear approaching footsteps, allowing them the vigilance needed to protect their children from ambush. Nidoqueen are famously protective of their young and can rally to a bone-crushing defense if confronted. Any hungry predator must weigh the chance of a full stomach against the risk of invoking the mother's wrath. SIZE Height: 1.5m Weight: 61kg Arm Span: 1.7m LIFESTYLE Habit: Nocturnal, solitary Habitat: Caves Lifespan: 8-11 years BREEDING Sexual Maturity: 4 yearsLarge external ears ‘Spongey tip Venom gland Small intestine Broad hindlegs ~ Mus spineus maritus Pg. 63 : -NIDORAN (Male) CHARACTERISTICS Nidoran are small, venomous, mammalian Pokémon that exhibit a high degree of sexual dimorphism. This means that despite being the same Pokémon species, Nidoran bear striking physiological differences based on their biological sex. These differences grow in significance as the Pokémon develop and evolve, and are most apparent in their final, mature forms. PHYSIOLOGY Both mate and. | female Nidoran hatch with rigid horns on their foreheads. These keratin-based structures are connected to venom-producing glands. At this early stage of development, the primary distinction between the two genders is their coloration (blue for female, purple for male), and the nature of their venom. Male Nidoran possess myotoxic venom, which causes sudden and severe decay of muscle tissue. Their toxin also induces muscle paralysis, and in rare cases destroys the diaphragm, causing death through suffocation. Nidoran sport a series of prominent spinal ridges that develop their own secondary venom glands during the Pokémon's next evolutionary stage. These are more prominent in males, and can cause severe injury in unwary humans. BEHAVIOR Male Nidoran are more aggressive than their female counterparts, and prefer to avoid human contact. Males spend much of their time in subterranean lairs that they excavate themselves or steal from Sandshrew (pg. 53) or Diglett (pg. 99). Here they are relatively safe from predatory Pokémon like Fearow (pg. 43). During mating season, male and female Nidoran spar aggressively with other members of their sex for the right to mate. They use their horns to drive away competitors, and entice the attention of the opposite sex through displays of physical prowess. It is not uncommon for these battles to result in severe injury, but fortunately Nidoran are relatively immune to the effects of their own venom. SIZE Height: 0.5m Length: 0.6m Weight: 10kg LIFESTYLELatissimus dorsi Venom gland External abdominal obliques SemitendinosusNIDORINO CHARACTERISTICS Nidorino are the more muscular and stocky evolved form of male Nidoran. They have thicker bones, broader feet, avery muscular neck, and a large, bony head that terminates with a rigid forehead horn. These physiological adaptations assist Nidorino in fighting for domination over territory and resources with other males, PHYSIOLOGY Nidorino have a series of toxic spines along their back as well as a primary forehead spike that attaches to a large venom gland. This face horn is one of the hardest biological substances in the known world, comprised primarily of dense bone and reinforced keratin. Unlike their female counterparts, Nidorina, Nidorino are carnivorous and highly aggressive. They are known to chase down and gore Pokémon similarly sized for food. Once stabbed, the Nidorino’s myotoxic venom causes severe muscle necrosis, paralysis, and death. Nidorino bear mixed reptilian and mammalian traits and have a four- chambered heart and large lungs. Despite this, they are ectotherms and require outside sources of heat to regulate their body temperature. Nidorino are crepuscular and active primarily at twilight. They prefer to hunt during these low light conditions, as other Pokémon are just cautiously waking up. Moreover, for much of the year, the temperature at night is too low, and Nidorino must spend these cold periods in hastily dug burrows to survive. BEHAVIOR Nidorino tend to avoid the female Nidorina, as the two Pokémon prefer different habitats. When the two sexes do encounter each other, it often results in hostility, with both Pokémon sparring until the point of exhaustion and retreat. Nidorino are hostile toward most other organisms, and can react with deadly force to encroachment upon their territory. They are difficult to train or domesticate, and even after years of familiarity, Nidorino can still pose a danger to their human owners. SIZE Height: Im Length: 1.2m Weight: 20kg LIFESTYLE Habit: Crepuscular, solitary Habitat: Caves, mountains Lifespan: 3-6 years BREEDING Sexual Maturity: 2 years Mating Season: Winter Egg Incubation: 6 weeks | Clutch Size: 7-9 eggs‘Muscular prehensile tail Dorsal crest Spined external ears Venom gland Shoulder plate Lack of definitive neck Pectoral plate Muscular forearms Sor digging Patella plate Abdominal plate | . Intestinal tissue Broad hoof-like single toc Spineus rex Pg. 67NIDOKING CHARACTERISTICS Nidoking are the final evolutionary stage of male Nidoran. They are powerful, armored, predatory Pokémon known for their deadly disposition and venomous spines. Nidoking are the male counterparts to Nidoqueen (pg. 61) and display such a high degree of sexual dimorphism that they are often mistaken for a different species entirely. They are primarily distinguished from Nidoqueen by their purple warning coloration, prominent upturned fangs, and thick flexible tails. PHYSIOLOGY Nidoking senses are highly specialized, with extremely rapid and coordinated eye and head movements. They also possess a specialized membrane in their inner ear for sensing low frequency sounds, allowing them to track prey's footsteps from several kilometers away. Nidoking have very large nasal cavities and olfactory nerves relative to their brain size. These structures are responsible for a heightened sense of smell, and accounts for Nidoking's ability to detect prey and carcasses by scent alone across great distances. BEHAVIOR Nidoking are successful predators and scavengers, and unlike their female counterparts, do not hibernate during winter months. Despite their power and ferocity, their primary prey is Raticate (pg. 39), necessitating near-constant hunting to meet metabolic needs. Nidoking occasionally attempt to attack tougher Pokémon, like Tauros (pg. 255) or Slowbro (pg. 159), but these contests are not always successful. Nidoking may charge a group of Tauros with the goal of separating a young, infirm, or injured individual from the herd. Nidoking's most formidable killing tool is not their sharp teeth, but the conical horn that delivers potent venom. Their venom is for offensive purposes; Nidoking wiil charge at full speed to head-butt opponents and envenomate them. After an initial impact, Nidoking will often retreat to let the venom quickly induce agony, muscle deterioration, and death in most organisms. SIZE Height: 1.5m Weight: 60kg Arm span: 2.7m LIFESTYLE it: Nocturnal, solitary Habitat: Caves, mountains Lifespan: 6-9 years ABILITIES Dead Lift: 226kg Horn Hardness: (Mohs } Venom Strength: LD,, 20mg esasRigid skull-like core Fatty resonance chamber Neural ganglia \ Unknown Durable b ‘ | radioactive underbelly ‘ ; | ganglia Musculoskeletal mesh Toe-less lower appendages Symbiotic bacterial pouches Alfa lux rosea Pg. 69 —CHARACTERISTICS Clefairy are pink, bipedal, star- shaped Pokémon with biochemistry wholly unique among all known Pokémon species. It is widely believed that Clefairy originated elsewhere in the solar system, and propagated through space to Earth millions of years ago. This phenomenon, known as Panspermia, likely occurred when a meteorite strike blasted Clefairy's durable, spore-like eggs into space, where they drifted for centuries until entering Earth's atmosphere. Furthermore, some scientists posit that ancient martian or lunar debris may have seeded Earth with the original genetic material of all present-day life. PHYSIOLOGY Clefairy's internal organs reflect their extra-terrestrial origin, and their overall complexity impedes easy classification. Their central nervous system is characterized by extreme density of cerebral matter, various unknown ganglia, and multiple nodes networked throughout the body, all connected through a rigid, skull-like core. Clefairy's structural anatomy suggests a level of biological development, and even a degree of consciousness, far exceeding that of humanity. BEHAVIOR Typically solitary, Clefairy prefer to dwell in mountainous habitats devoid of light pollution, far from human populations. They emerge only at night, and congregate with other members of their species in massive, seemingly choreographed, dances, often under the light of full moons. These performances last for hours and only cease once the moon has receded from view. These dances are performed identically across all Clefairy populations worldwide. The origins of this ritualized gathering are unknown, but it is possible that Clefairy possess some kind of collective subconscious: a species- wide inct that is inconceivable to outsiders. Alternatively, they may possess a global cultural heritage that holds these rituals in high regard. If so, Clefairy could be the only known Pokémon species with a culture analogous to that of humans. Key Facts | SIZE Height: 0.75m Weight: 8kg Arm Span: 0.75m LIFESTYLE Nocturnal, solitary and reclusive Diet: Radiation Habitat: Mountains Lifespan: 35-50 years ABILITIES Max Run Speed: 10 km/h } Slapping Strength: 400 kPa toPrimary antenna Resonance chamber Primary nerve stem Insular sheath Secondary antenna Secondary nerve stem iN waste orifice Ganglia radiation ‘output increases 230% Alfa lux timidaPg.71CLEFABLE CHARACTERISTICS Clefable are pink, star-shaped organisms distinguished from their lower evolutionary form by their elongated ears and the six-pronged sensory organ sprouting from their back. Clefairy only evolve into Clefable in the presence of certain rare-earth elements that appear commonly in meteorites but are scarce on our planet. For this reason, these Pokémon are incredibly rare and fewer than 1 in 1,000 Clefairy will encounter the necessary conditions to evolve. PHYSIOLOGY Clefable are radiotrophic organisms that convert gamma radiation into chemical energy for growth. The symmetrical ganglia in their chests contain radioactive Potassium-40, which feed specialized symbiotic bacteria in their abdomen to supplement Clefable's diet. This, along with ambient cosmic radiation, allow Clefable to sustain itself for weeks or even months without requiring food. The wing-like sensory organs on Clefable's back are comprised of hollow, membranous tubes that are extremely sensitive to air vibration. They are so finely tuned that Clefable can detect an approaching organism from almost a kilometer away. These appear to have developed for use in an environment with a much thinner atmosphere than on our own planet. Because of this, Clefable can become overwhelmed with sensory input when around other Pokémon, and prefer to inhabit high-altitude regions where the air is thin and their company is limited. BEHAVIOR Clefable do not typically participate in the ritualized dances of their less evolved form, but are known to observe. They are solitary organisms, and avoid the company of humans whenever possible. Seeing a Clefable in the wild is considered immensely good fortune in most societies, though it is a privilege that few ever enjoy. SIZE } Height: 1.5m Weight: 40.25kg Arm span: 1.5m YLE it: Nocturnal, solitary and reclusive ‘adiation Mountains Lifespan: 50-75 years BREEDING Sexual Maturity: 5 years Mating Season: Full moon in winter | Eee Incubation: § weeks | Clutch Size: 3 eggsCaudia hexas Pg. 73ULPIX CHARACTERISTICS With orange fur and large pupil-less eyes, Vulpix are well known for their curious beauty as well as their fiery chemical defenses. As carnivorous, nimble quadrupeds with keen eye sight adapted for low light, these Pokémon make for capable nocturnal hunters. Vulpix stand less than a meter tall, but are avoided by most large predatory Pokémon due to their ferocity, speed, and the volatile chemical weapon housed in their luxurious tails. Their only natural predators are Fearow (pg. 43), which lack a sense of smell and render Vulpix's defensive flame mechanism powerless by swooping down from the sky to carry them off. PHYSIOLOGY Each of Vulpix's six tails hold compartmentalized glandular reservoirs containing either pressurized hydroquinone or hydrogen peroxide. When Vulpix feels threatened, these chambers open and their agents are funneled through a catalytic chamber in the digestive system filled with peroxidases. This creates a violent exothermic effect, instantly raising the solution's temperature by over 100 degrees Celsius, spewing a fiery stream of chemicals through Vulpix's throat and out its mouth to deter predators. Their conspicuous plumed tails and vibrant warning colors let potential predators know that tangling with a Vulpix is a dangerous and unprofitable proposition. Very few Pokémon can withstand the nauseating odor and intense heat of their chemical defenses. BEHAVIOR These socially intelligent Pokémon mate seasonally and are polygynous breeders, meaning that successful males mate with multiple females. Vulpix bear small clutches of eggs that the males care for until they hatch. When born, Vulpix kits are blind, deaf, and covered in a soft layer of fur. Their eyes open three weeks after birth, and they begin hunting on their own six months later. SIZE ; Height: 0.75m Length: 0.8m Weight: 10kg LIFESTYLE Habit: Nocturnal, social Diet: Carnivorous Lifespan: 9 years Habitat: Plains ABILITIES Homeothermic body temp: 35 Flame temperature: 120C? ; Fire Radius: 3m Top Speed: SOkmlh | Top SpeFully extended tail Caudia novem Pg. 75NINETAILS CHARACTERISTICS Ninetails are large, predatory, canine-like organisms with branching chemical reservoirs in their multiple tails, They are renowned for their beauty and relative rarity, and appear commonly throughout human art and literature. PHYSIOLOGY Unlike Vulpix, Ninetails use their fiery chemical eruptions for hunting rather than defense. Their glandular tail compartments are surrounded by stronger contracting muscles than their less evolved form possesses, and contain either pressurized hydroquinone or hydrogen peroxide. These reservoirs link to a catalytic chamber adjacent to Ninetails' digestive system, which is enveloped ea a diaphragm. When prey is spotted, Ninetails takes careful aim before opening two of its reservoirs and contracting its catalytic diaphragm. This creates a violent exothermic effect, spewing a boiling, viscous serum up to ten meters at their target. These expulsions can burn and debilitate small prey like Nidoran (pg. 57), Ekans (pg. 45) and Rattata (pg. 37), allowing the Ninetails to attack without risk to itself. Ninetails have relatively small jaws and lack specialized killing claws, making them dependent upon their fiery chemical attacks to overpower most prey. BEHAVIOR Ninetails also use their large, luxurious tails for balance and sexual display. They are partially prehensile, and can be moved into various positions to display the Pokémon's mood. Ninetails coexist poorly with most other Pokémon, and prefer solitude whenever possible. However, on rare occasions they have been known to rescue young humans lost in the woods, or even intervene to defend humans from attacks by more aggressive predatory Pokémon like Scyther (pg. 245). In most cultures, Ninetails are highly regarded for their long lives, beauty, and intelligence. They are often believed to be beings of great spiritual wisdom and significance. SIZ) | j Height: 1.25m LIFESTYLE Habit: Nocturnal, typically solitary Diet: Carnivorous Lifespan: 55-60 years Habitat: Plains BREEDING Sexual Maturity: 2 years Mating Season: Late fall Clutch Size: 6-8 eggs | Eee Incubation: 6 weeksLarge brain Prominent external ears Protective flesh cushion Anchor point for forehead cushion —~) Cartilaginous "7 ridge Large eyes a Conjoined skull and ribcage Symmetrical Large lungs body shape Vestigial feet Durable skin Alfa rosea bolonus P. 77CHARACTERISTICS Jigglypuff are spherical pink Pokémon with large ears, acute eyes, and thick rubbery skin. They are notorious for their singing, which can entrance, sedate, and confuse any who listen. It is widely believed that Jigglypuff can attune the infrasonic frequency of their music to match nearby brainwave patterns. If true, Jigglypuff may have limited psychic abilities. When threatened, the creature can produce high-amplitude sound waves capable of damaging the eardrums of a target, and this is usually sufficient to cause severe pain or disorientation. Less powerful sound waves can cause humans to experience nausea, discomfort, and confusion. PHYSIOLOGY Jigglypuff’s voice is infamous for its duration, strength, and unique hypnotic quality. This necessitates proportionally larger lungs than any other Pokémon species, with the organs filling up most of Jigglypuff's cushioned skull-chest cavity. Jigglypuff’s cartilaginous skeleton, few joints, rubbery hide, and soft shape make them difficult to harm. The pink, ballon-like skin of a Jigglypuff is extremely durable. Beneath the surface is a thick layer of vascularized blubber that insulates the creature and absorbs shocks. The creature's large, complex brain is housed deep behind a thick skull and durable layers of protective tissue. The characteristic swirl of flesh on Jigglypuff’s head helps prevent impact damage to their face when the creature is rolling along at high speeds in a tightly coiled ball to escape threats. BEHAVIOR Like most Pokémon, Jigglypuff are intelligent and capable of rudimentary communication, but their neural activity is remarkable among other species, and affords them rich personalities. Despite a reputation for vanity, tamed Jigglypuff make excellent companions for children and other Pokémon.While they don't often meet with other Jigglypuff except to mate, they are largely social creatures and crave attention. Key Facts | SIZE Height: 0.55m Weight: 5.75kg Armspan: 0.6m LIFESTYLE Habit: Diurnal, social Diet: Vegetarian; loves fruit Habitat: Plains and meadows Lifespan: 1-3 years ABILITIES Top volume: Total Lung ESAnchor point for Vasculariced ear fprckaot cist tse for thermo- reulation Extended cranium Branching ‘maxillary artery Oblong body-shape Reduced cranial ridge Binocular vision Orbital cavity Thin vestigial fingerbones Diminutive forelimbs Large lungs Plantigrade ‘foot structure Stomach Alfa lepus bolonus Pg.79CHARACTERISTICS Wigglytuff are small mammalian Pokémon with large ears and an oblong body adapted for rapid movement. Unlike Jigglypuff, they have long legs and strong gripping pads on their toes that allow them to sprint and leap as they move. Wigglytuff are skittish and typically flee upon the first sign of predators. Their elongated ears give this Pokémon an acute sense of hearing, making them difficult to surprise or sneak up on. PHYSIOLOGY Wigglytuff are herbivores, feeding primarily on grasses, seeds, and fruit. They possess a unique digestive process, and require food to pass through their digestive system twice. Swallowed food is first expelled as green, nutrient-rich feces, called cecotropes, which are re-ingested. After a second pass through Wigglytuff's digestive tract, these become hard fecal pellets. Wigglytuff’s ears contain an extensive network of blood vessels, and allow for easy heat exchange. Wigglytuff are preyed upon by Fearow (pg. 43), Arcanine (pg. 117), and Ninetails (pg. 75), and must constantly be aware of their surroundings. Like Jigglypuff, these Pokémon possess powerful defensive sonic abilities. Wigglytuff’s large lungs can produce high- amplitude sound waves capable of damaging the eardrums of nearby organisms, and is often sufficient to render an attacker unconscious. These abilities can often deter predators, but only if Wigglytuff is attentive and quick enough to intercept them before their attack has begun. BEHAVIOR Wigglytuff are common companion Pokémon, and can use their sophisticated vocal cords to express a variety of complex emotions to their owners. Their large, soft, cartilaginous bodies are difficult to accidentally harm, and make them ideally suited to the role of class pets in schools or therapy Pokémon in hospitals. Armspan: 0.75m LIFESTYLE Habit: Diurnal, social Diet: Vegetarian; loves fruit Habitat: Plains and meadows Lifespan: 3 years BREEDING Sexual Maturity: 1 year Mating Season: Year round Egg Incubation: 4 weeks Clutch I rs | Clute 0 eggsWrist joint Radius Body Wing support cavity , structure 1 Lower intestine A Vestigiat NN) Plagiopatagium ‘membrane pee Chiropatagium ‘membraneZUBAT CHARACTERISTICS Zubat are common flying mammals adapted to life in absolute darkness. These adept flyers can navigate through dense foliage using a form of bio-sonar. By calling out in their environment and listening for echoes, Zubat construct a mental map of local objects. In combat, Zubat are capable of weaponizing their sonic abilities. By generating high-powered sound waves, Zubat can cause severe pain and disorientation in Pokémon many times their size. PHYSIOLOGY Over 50 million years ago, the first Zubat developed from small, gliding, nocturnal mammals similar to modern Rattata (pg. 37). These original Pokémon may have gained flight to escape predation, or to pursue a growing supply of flying insect-Pokémon that were developing concurrently. Over many generations, nocturnal existence reduced the need for eyes, instead emphasizing their large mouth, ears, and wings. Because of their swift flying skills and powerful jaws, Zubat can attack and consume bug-Pokémon many times their size. They plummet from above, shearing the vulnerable wings off Butterfree (pg. 23) and Beedrill (pg. 29). Wounded and forced to the ground, these bug-Pokémon are defenseless against a second dive attack. BEHAVIOR Zubat are populous throughout the world, and most often found in abandoned buildings, mine shafts, caves, and dark forests. They roost in small social units, consisting of 20 or so adults and their offspring. Zubat bond closely with their group and roost together with the same individuals every night. Groups groom each other, and raise young collectively. If a young Zubat's parent is captured or killed while out hunting, the other members of its social group will care for the baby. Zubat anchor their eggs to the rocky ceilings of caves with strong natural adhesive. Pups are well-developed upon hatching, but depend upon the adults in their social group for food and grooming for two months, until they are ready to fly on their own. SIZE Height: Im Weight: 7.75kg Wingspan: 2m LIFESTYLE Habit: Nocturnal, social Diet: Carnivorous; bugs Lifespan: 10-15 years Habitat: Caves ABILITIES Top flying speed: 60kmlh Bio-sonar reach: 501 } Territorial range: 70-110km ———Incisors rum Diminutive ‘external ears Prominent eyes- Temporomandibular joint Plagiopatagium ‘membrane Chiropatagium Anisodacty! ‘membrane ee Phalanges Mandible - Vespertilio bucculentus Pg.83GOLBAT CHARACTERISTICS Far targer and more aggressive than their lower evolutionary forms, Golbat are known throughout the world for their voracious appetites, peculiar appearance, and specialized physiology. PHYSIOLOGY Golbat's most, ‘prominent feature is its large mouth, which occupies most of its body. Their jaws are loosely hinged, and can be further dislocated to allow for Golbat to swallow meals almost as large as itself, The pouch- like lower jaw is surrounded by elastic skin and capable of expanding dramatically. The full purpose of their large mouths is not fully understood, but it is believed that this adaptation may have arisen to allow Golbat to eat a wider variety of prey when food is scarce. Golbat possess short esophaguses and massive stomachs that constitute a full half of their body weight. It is common for Golbat to eat so much in a single evening that they can no longer fly, forcing them to wait hours until enough of their meal has been digested to permit flight. These Pokémon are not as aerodynamic as their smaller, less evolved forms. They cannot easily maneuver in the air, and must depend upon rapid ambush attacks in order to catch much of their prey. When chasing avian or mammalian Pokémon, Golbat can emit bursts of concussive sound waves to stun its targets. Golbat's large mouth, powerful lungs, and wide throat permit a varied degree of sonic emissions, and even ordinary Golbat calls can induce nausea, disorientation, and severe headaches in nearby humans. BEHAVIOR Golbat will attempt to attack and swallow any Pokémon smaller than themselves. Although they eat a variety of insect-Pokémon, Golbat seem to prefer warm-blooded creatures. Using their mouths like large nets, Golbat can fly into flocks of airborne Pidgey (pg. 31), scooping them up as they go. Golbat are also known to feed on their own kind, cannibalizing any Zubat they manage to catch. Wingspan: 3.5m LIFESTYLE Diet: Carnivorous; smaller Pokémon Habitat: Caves Lifespan: 15-35 years BREEDING Sexual Maturity: 1 year Mating Season: Late summer Egg Incubation: 16 weeks Clutch Size: 1 egg Females distinguished by smaller fangsPhotosynthetic tissue Leaf cuticle Xylem dome Photoreceptive ‘eyespot apparatus Leaf vein Skeletal muscles Tuberous Hydraulic bulb body cavity aaa Rigid xylem core Differentiated feet Turgor vessels Expulsive orificeODDISH CHARACTERISTICS Oddish are diminutive, nocturnal, botanic Pokémon. They serve as the mindless reproductive caste of a vast colonial intelligence composed of Oddish and their later evolutionary stages. These simple creatures are naturally subservient to the chemical signaling of their more evolved forms, and automatically join the collective consciousness of the most powerful Vileplume in their vicinity. Oddish's primary purpose within their rigid social structure is to spread seeds. After being mass fertilized by Vileplume spores, Oddish wander vast distances dispersing dozens of their small, seed-like eggs in a day, and continue to do so throughout their short lives. PHYSIOLOGY This rare for Oddish to survive long enough to develop into Gloom, as their poor eyesight and lack of defensive adaptations make them easy prey for larger organisms. In many human villages, they are plucked and tossed into an open flame to be cooked and eaten whole. This is as much an attempt to control the growth of Vileplume collectives as it is a celebration of their delicious and delicate flavor. Oddish's thick leaves are specialized for photosynthesis and stay green throughout the Pokémon's life. During the day, Oddish will bury itself in the ground, leaving only these leaves above the soil to gather solar energy for their nightly journeys. BEHAVIOR It is theorized that the hive structure to which Oddish belong is rooted in a Hormonal Sentience, where information processing is based on exchanges of airborne chemicals rather than neurons. Oddish lack higher mental function and critical reasoning. They are mindlessly dedicated to their Collective, and chemically directed by a Queen Vileplume, which can control hundreds of Oddish and Gloom with airborne doses of powerful hormones. SIZE Height: 0.55m Leaf height: 0.25m Weight: 5.Skg LIFESTYLE Habit: Nocturnal, highly social Habitat: Meadows and plains Lifespan: 1-3 years ABILITIES Spore Range: 5m