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Polymeric Composite Materials-5.2
Polymeric Composite Materials-5.2
MATERIALS
ASSOC.PROF.DR.DOLUNAY SAKAR DASDAN
YTU CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
Organic Reinforcement Elements(Molecules)
• Aramides
• there is N in the structure.
• Kevlar is from this group.
• Kevlar is a material consisting of very strong fibers based on very light carbon. It is
a patented trademark invented by the DuPont company in 1965. Kevlar is used
today in making armor, solid rope construction, and non-flammable protective
clothing. Kevlar is a threadlike structure consisting of fibers that can withstand
very high tensile stress. It can be woven, fabricated, cut and sewn. It is especially
used in the construction of steel vest, helmet, parachute rope, road bike tires,
rope that provides additional rigidity for fiber or data cables, or light ropes used
to tie ships and the body or wing structures of composite structures, plates or
pipes or special vehicles. It is marketed with the slogan "It is 5 times stronger
than steel of the same weight".
KEVLAR Production
• Kevlar is the product of the dissolution of 1,4-phenylene-diamine
(para-phenylenediamine) and terephthaloyl chloride monomer
solution in hydrochloric acid by condensation reaction. The resulting
product is in the form of liquid crystal and the arrangement of
polymer chains in the yarn direction. Hexamethylphosphoramide
(HMPA) was used as a solvent for polymerization, but for safety
reasons it was replaced by DuPont with N-methyl-pyrrolidone and
calcium chloride solution. These processes have been patented by
Akzo.
• Kevlar chemical synthesis:
Hydrogen bonds between individual polymer
chains make Kevlar ultra strong. It strongly
adheres to the molecules around each chain.
There are three classes of Kevlar: K, AP AND XP
Disadvantage:
1) Ultraviolet rays from sunlight cause Kevlars to
deteriorate and disintegrate, this problem is known as UV
degradation, so it is rarely used outdoors without sunlight
protection.
2) Interest in water is high. It holds about 3% moisture. For
this reason, it is used by wrapping it in a substance without
exposing it to the normal atmosphere.
Usage areas:
• 1-In the construction of ropes used to tie ships,
• 2-In the manufacture of the clothes worn by the miners,
• 3-In the manufacture of the firemen's uniforms,
• 4-In the production of work branch clothes dealing with glass work,
• 5-In the manufacture of uniforms of Air Force pilots,
• 6-Tank
• 7- Airplane wings,
• 8-Light weighted canoe manufacturing,
• 9-Military helmet making
• 10-Parachute and ropes for mountaineering
• 11-Diaphragm of new generation speakers
• 12-In motorcycle equipment
• 13-On the phone covers
Helmet made with Kevlar
Natural Fibers(Reinforcement Elements)
• low elasticity
• slow return to original shape
• low friction resistance
• -easy crease and curl
• high cost
6-SİSAL
SISAL
• grows in tropical climate
• -bag is used for making carpet slippers
7-Coir Fiber(Coconut fiber-Hindistan cevizi elyafı)
used for making mop runners