POLYMERIC COMPOSITE

MATERIALS
ASSOC.PROF.DR.DOLUNAY SAKAR DASDAN
YTU CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
 Matrix Materials used for Composites:
• The function of the matrix is to hold the particles together in
composite materials with particle reinforcement(parçacık takviyeli).
• In fiber-reinforced composites, it is to hold the regulated fibers
(düzenlenmiş elyafları) together, to transmit the forces to the fiber, to
protect the fibers from environmental effects and impacts(darbe) and
to stop cracks.
• Materials used as matrix:
• 1-Light metals and their alloys
• 2-Seramic Matrix
• 3-Thermoset and Thermoplastic Polymers
 1-Metal Matrixes and their Alloys:
• -It has higher elastic modulus, strength and toughness than polymers
and its properties are better at high temperatures.
• -Metal matrix composite production is more difficult.
• -They cannot form good interfacial bonds with every fiber. The easiest
bond is boron fiber coated with silicon carbide. But this fiber is quite
expensive.
• - Corrosion resistance against atmospher is higher.
• -Aluminum, titanium, magnesium, nickel, copper and zinc are used as
metal matrix materials.
• - Various alloys of Al, Ti and Mg are used as matrix.
Production Methods of Metal Matrix Composite
Materials:
• Metal matrix composite materials are new materials produced with the systematic
composition of two or more different materials, at least one of which is metal, to provide
the desired and required properties.
• Metal matrix composite materials contain a continuous or short fiber or particle
reinforcing phase in a metal matrix to provide properties that cannot be achieved with
one-component alloys.
• The matrix acts as a binder to hold the reinforcing phase together and its main function
is to transmit the load to the additive phase.
• The production technique of the metal matrix composite material is determined
according to the shape of the produced part, the desired mechanical and physical
properties, matrix, reinforcement element shape and type.
• 1) Solid Phase Production Methods: a) Powder metallurgy Techniques b) Diffusion Bond
Method
• 2) Liquid Phase Production Methods: a) Liquid metal infiltration b) Compression Casting
c) Liquid metal mixing d) Plasma spraying
 Al and Al Alloys:
Specific weight is 2,78 g/cm3 Disadvantages:
Advantages: - Poor casting ability(döküm kabiliyeti) due to
- high (strength(dayanım) / specific weight(özgül the high interest of pure aluminum to oxygen
ağırlık) ratio - lower mechanical properties
- high electrical conductivity / specific weight -The machinability(işlenebilirliği) is not good in
ratio machining(talaşlı imalat)
- High corrosion resistance against atmospheric -Difficulty combining with welding(kaynak ile)
and other environments -Since the Al does not show a certain fatigue
-Easy to form and become a thin sheet(ince limit, breakage occurs even at very low stresses.
levha) - not good at high temperature due to low
melting point (660 oC)

-Al alloys are divided into 2 groups as process(işlem) alloys and cast (döküm) alloys according to their production
methods. The main used alloying elements are Mg, Mn, Si, Zn and Cu. These can be used individually or in
combination.
 Mg and Mg Alloys:
• -It has a lower specific gravity than aluminum (1.74 g / cm3) and is
not as strong as aluminum. However, its specific strength (that is
strength / specific weight ratio) is better than Aluminum.
• -It is used in spacecraft and high speed transport vehicles.
• Reasons for low preference in casting(döküm) and machining(talaşlı):
• 1-There is a lot of interest in oxygen
• 2-low elastic modulus
• 3-low fatigue(yorulma) resistance
• 4-low wear(aşınma) resistance (i.e. excessive wear at high
temperature)
 Zn and Zn Alloys:
• -The low melting temperature (419.5 oC) of Zn and Zn alloys enables them to be used as casting
(döküm) material.
• -Zn is very good anti-corrosion when Zn is casting on steel (galvanized steel.coating the metal
with another metal by electrolysis)
• -Due to the good casting ability of zinc alloys, many mixed and small diameter parts can be
obtained easily.
• - Due to the low melting temperature, the degradation of the molds(kalıp) is less and the service
life (kullanım ömrü) increases.
• -Zinc alloys produced by press casting are called “Zamak”. Its main components are zinc,
aluminum, magnesium and copper. It is a name formed from the initials of German zinc (Zink),
aluminum (Aluminum), magnesium (MAgnesium) and copper (Kupfer). It is an extremely robust
break(kopma), stretch(esneme), break resistant alloy.
• -Fatigue strength of zinc alloys at room temperature is good, but very fragile at low temperatures.
• -Zn casting parts are generally used in kitchen materials, vehicles and precision mechanical parts
production.
Zamak

Curtainwall: Composite is a new generation composite material

with 0.50 mm VMZINC titanium zinc on both sides and a 3 mm
polyethylene filling material with high fire resistance.
 Ti and Ti alloys:
• The thermal expansion coefficient of Ti among metals is very
low, more rigid and durable than aluminum.
• Pure Ti is reactive. It can cause problems during processing in
the molten state. At room temperature, titanium forms a
thin layer of TiO2, which provides excellent corrosion
resistance.
• It is used in the aircraft and aerospace industry as it has an
excellent strength / specific weight ratio.
• Alloy elements used with Ti are Al, Mn, Si and Vanadium.
Production Methods of Metal Matrix Composite
Materials:
• Metal matrix composite materials are new materials produced with the systematic composition of two or
more different materials, at least one of which is metal, to provide the desired and required properties.

• Metal matrix composite materials contain a continuous or short fiber or particle reinforcing phase in a metal
matrix to provide properties that cannot be achieved with one-component alloys.

• The matrix acts as a binder to hold the reinforcing phase together and its main function is to transmit the
load to the additive phase.

• The production technique of the metal matrix composite material is determined according to the shape of
the produced part, the desired mechanical and physical properties, matrix, reinforcement element shape
and type.

• 1) Solid Phase Production Methods: a) Powder metallurgy Techniques b) Diffusion Bond Method

• 2) Liquid Phase Production Methods: a) Liquid metal infiltration b) Compression Casting c) Liquid metal
mixing d) Plasma spraying
2- Ceramic Matrix:
• Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are a subgroup of composite materials as well
as a subgroup of ceramics. They consist of ceramic fibres embedded in a ceramic
matrix. The matrix and fibres can consist of any ceramic material, whereby
carbon and carbon fibres can also be considered a ceramic material.
• The important commercially available CMCs are C/C, C/SiC, SiC/SiC and
Al2O3/Al2O3. They differ from conventional ceramics in the following properties,
presented in more detail below:
• Elongation to rupture up to 1%
• Strongly increased fracture toughness
• Extreme thermal shock resistance
• Improved dynamical load capability
• Anisotropic properties following the orientation of fibers
CMC shaft sleeves Lifting gate, oxide CMC Ventilator for hot gases