Numerical study of lead free CsSn0.5Ge0.

5I3-on-CH3NH3SnI3
tandem perovskite solar cells by SCAPS-1D
Vikash Sharma1, Naman Shukla2,3, Samarendra P Singh1,SanjayTiwari2
1Department of Physics, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida
2S.O.S. in Electronics and Photonics, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur
3Department of Electronics, Pandit S.N. Shukla University Shahdol

Author’s Email: jmdletsrock@gmail.com, naman.shukla43@gmail.com

INTRODUCTION METHODS RESULTS

 Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have surpassed
the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25%,
marking a significant advancement in the
conversion of solar energy to electricity.
 Research of lead-free perovskite solar cells
has gained speedy and growing attention with
urgent intent to eliminate
While performing this simulation optimization of
SCAPS-1D software is an actualized 1D solar cell
thickness, temperature and defect density of
tool suitable to simulate numerically different solar
absorber layer for device optimal performance
cells structures. SCAPS-1D solves numerically 1D
has been done and effect of these optimizations
semiconductor equations under steady-state
on various parameters like FF, IPCE, Jsc and Voc
conditions. A combined Gummel and Newton–
have been analysed.
Raphson methods are used for convergence..
toxic lead in Physics model: governing equations CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3 Perovskite solar cell

perovskite materials.
SCAPS-1D is based on solution of poisson,
 In this work, we designed a tin and germanium-
continuity, and transport equations of the
based perovskite simulated device with the
generated carriers mainly. Poisson’s equation
architecture of top cell is Glass/FTO/PCBM
expression is given below-
/CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3/Spiro-OMeTAD and bottom cell 𝜕n 1
= 𝛻. 𝐽𝑛 − 𝑅 𝑥 + 𝐺 𝑥 (1)
is TIO2/CH3NH3SnI3/CuI analyzed using the 𝜕𝑡 𝑞
solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D), 𝜕p 1
= − 𝛻. 𝐽𝑝 − 𝑅 𝑥 + 𝐺 𝑥 Figure 1 The relationship between perovskite
which is well adapted to study the photovoltaic 𝜕𝑡 𝑞 (2) layer thickness and Jsc
architectures. The drift-diffusion equation for carriers is given by-
 By stacking numerous solar-absorber junctions
on top of one other, different regions of the dv x dn x (3)
𝐽𝑛 = 𝑞𝑛 𝑥 𝜇𝑛 + 𝑞𝐷𝑛
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
solar spectrum absorbed, allowing more
energy to be harvested from sunlight. dv x d𝑝 x (3)
𝐽𝑝 = 𝑞𝑝 𝑥 𝜇𝑝 + 𝑞𝐷𝑝
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Device Structure
CsSnI3 Perovskite solar cell
(a) (b)
Figure 2 The relationship between perovskite
layer thickness and Voc

(c)

J-V Characteristics Figure 4 The relationship between perovskite layer Figure 3 The relationship between perovskite
thickness and (a) Jsc (b)Voc and (c) PCE (%) layer thickness and PCE (%)

• we found the optimum result when thickness

of active layer 0.899 µm of top cell and 0.926
µm of bottom cell.

REFERENCES
1. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Best Research-Cell
Configuration Cell Voc (V) Jsc FF% PCE% Figure 5 Quantum efficiency of Top (left) and Efficiency Chart. https://www.nrel.gov/pv/cell-efficiency.html.
(mA/cm2) bottom (right) solar cell 2. Snaith, H. J. (2013). Perovskites: the emergence of a new era for
low-cost, high-efficiency solar cells. The journal of physical
4-T Top 0.84 27.46 78 18.03  the top cell simulation was performed with chemistry letters, 4(21), 3623-3630.
mechanically Bottom 0.71 5.10 64 5.84 the standard AM 1.5G 1 sun spectrum. The 3. Eperon, G. E., Hörantner, M. T., & Snaith, H. J. (2017). Metal halide
stacked tandem Tandem 0.84,0.71 27.46,5.10 78, 64 20.37 perovskite tandem and multiple-junction photovoltaics. Nature
filtered spectrum from the top cell is used in
Reviews Chemistry, 1(12), 0095.
the simulation for bottom cell. 4. Burgelman, M., Decock, K., Khelifi, S. and Abass, A. (2013).
Advanced electrical simulation of thin film solar cells. Thin Solid
Films. 535, 296-301.
Acknowledgement: Marc Burgelman and research team, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent
5. Kumar, Y., Minj, S., Shukla, N., & Tiwari, S. (2022). Design and
University Belgium, provided SCAPS-1D software access, which the authors gratefully acknowledge. Device Modeling of Lead Free CsSnI3 Perovskite Solar Cell.
Journal of Ravishankar University, 35(1), 25-34.