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Refining Processes 1
Refining Processes 1
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Introduction:
2. The mixture boils, forming vapor (gases); most
The oil refining process starts with a fractional substances go into the vapor phase.
distillation column. The various components of 3. The vapor enters the bottom of a long column
crude oil have different sizes, weights, and boiling (fractional distillation column) that is filled with trays
temperatures; so, the first step is to separate or plates. The trays have many holes or bubble caps
these components. Because they have different boiling (like a loosened cap on a soda bottle) in them to allow
temperatures, they can be separated easily by a process the vapor to pass through. They increase the contact
called fractional distillation. After going through the time between the vapor and the liquids in the column
fractional distillation, crude oil is chemically processed and help to collect liquids that form at various heights
to change one fraction into another. Finally, Distillated in the column. There is a temperature difference across
and chemically processed fractions are treated to remove the column (hot at the bottom, cool at the top).
impurities.
4. The vapor rises in the column.
5. As the vapor rises through the trays in the
column, it cools.