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Lec 10 - Genes in Population, Hardy Weinburg Theory
Lec 10 - Genes in Population, Hardy Weinburg Theory
- Answer: 3 haplotypes
- Only 3 entire sequences that are unique, rest of individuals share those sequences
- Answer: 2
- SNP is a variant
- 2 positions that are varying in these haplotypes (position 1 and 11 varies depending
on which individual you are looking at)
- Haplotypes tell us something often about population histories
- Can see history of migration
- In many cases populations are very close to behaving this way that Hardy-Weinburg
principle is useful to us
- Rate of mutations is slow, not going to greatly affect frequency change if just looking
at relatively short period of time
- Many genotypes are selectively neutral → no real advantage to being 1 genotype or another
- Migration → many populations are isolated enough from other populations such that
migration rate is relatively low
- If population is large enough → the affects of genetic drift on changing the allele frequency
by chance alone is relatively minor
- So although these assumptions seem restrictive → not necessarily completely restrictive so
can use Hardy-Weinburg to make some predictions about populations
- When those assumptions hold, can represent the genotype frequencies in the next
gen in form of punnet square
- Think of Eggs and sperm each with their individual A or little A alleles
- If have random mating, no mutation, no selection, no drift → p’s and q’s going to remain the
same in current and next generation
- When combine them in random fashion → come up with these proportions (p squared, 2pq, q
squared) → these are the Hardy-Weinburg proportions
- If Hardy Weinberg conditions hold (if the population hold generation after generation) →
once the population is in this configuration of P squared, 2pq, q squared → it’s just going to
remain there
- So we’d actually only take a single generation that the population is currently not in those
proportions that has some other genotype frequencies besides P squared, 2pq and q squared
→ a single generation of Hardy Weinberg conditions will drive the population into these
proportions
- And as long as those hardy weinburg conditions continue to hold, the population will
remain in those proportions
- This is our simple gene pool model overlaid with a few assumptions → turns out to be a
useful abstraction
- Answer is yes but only when Hardy Weinburg conditions hold
- If take those genotype frequency at face value and use the logic shown in yellow box →
homozygote plus half of relevant heterzygote → will come up with allele frequencies
- He is going to convince us that Hardy Weinburg is useful in real life
- CF is recessive so may be some carriers in this population of CF allele
- Suppose we don’t know the frequency of carriers in the population but we do know
the number of individuals in a population that are showing the disease
- He answers in next lec