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Average Costing
Average Costing
Average Costing
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1 Overview of Average Costing
Average Costing - Illustration
2 Cost Elements Involved in Average Costing
Material & Material Overhead
Resource
Over-Heads
Outside-Point-Processing
3 This Level/Previous Level Elemental Costs
Cost elements Vs level applicable to them – Make Items
4 Important Accounts in Erp
Accounts which store the value of ‘Current Stock’
Accounts which are classified under ‘Expense Accounts’
5 Wip Accounting entries flow for Manufactured Items
Wip move transactions
Wip completion Transactions
Closing of Discrete Job
6 Source of Costing
For Po Items
How does non-cenvatible tax go into the product costing for Po Items
Illustration for NON CENVAT CALCULATION of Average Cost
For Mfg Items
Discrete job wip value summary
Cost Incurred accounting
Cost Releived accounting
Scrap Transactions
Input data for average costing of Mfg items
Detailed calculation thru a illustrtion
7 Average Cost Update
Options available for Average Cost Update
Merits and demerits of various options
8 Steps for opening stock upload in Erp for Mfg Item – Pre Go Live
Loading of Bill of Resources
Defining a USER DEFINED cost type for rollup and doing cost-roll-up
For roll-up what is the process
Pre-Requisites
Steps to be executed after Pre-Requisites are met
9 Cost Manager
Background
Conditions under which cost manager will not run
Accounting Entries
Activity
1. Wip Move Transaction
Debit WIP Resource Valuation A/c
Credit Resource Absorption account
(For every operation if there is resource requirement this entry will take place. In case of manual
entry, this can be done at the time of move operation itself or separately as pending resource
transaction)
For Osp
On Receiving
Debit Organization Receiving A/c
Credit Ap Accroval A/c
On Delivery
Debit Wip Osp Valuation A/c
Credit Organization Receiving A/c
In case of Osp Resource absorption a/c of Osp resource will be equal to ‘Organisation receiving
a/c’.
All the WIP accounts will be selected from the wip accounting class attached with the job.
All the WIP accounts will be selected from the wip accounting class attached with the job and the
org accounts are nothing but the accounts associated with the inventory org under organization
parameters.
Job closing only involves variance account posting. As long as job is not closed all the wip
accounts will show Dr or Cr balance in case there is any variance. Jobs are to be closed before
closing period. Accounting entries are –
Resource and overhead variances are generated when resource is manually charged DUE to re-work
operation which is not considered in the Routing.
Sourse of Costing :
For Po Items : The data required for average costing for purchased items will be Purchase Order.
How does Non cenvatible tax go into the product costing for Purchased Items
There are 2 portions of cost for purchased items which are excisable
a. Basic Price
b. Tax Portion
When delivered to inventory new average cost gets calculated based on ‘basic price’, the ‘tax
portion’ is then passed by localization which gets added to the prevailing inventory value at that
point of time. This is illustrated by an example below
Stock of raw material 'A' 100
Current average cost of rm 2 Rs
New receipt qty 50
recept rate 4 Rs
Tax rate for 1 no 1 Rs
Tax value for the receipt => 50*1 => 50 Rs
When a receipt is made only the average cost gets recalculated taking into account the po price only
New average cost => ((100*2)+(50*4)) / (100+50) => 2.666667
Current stock 150
Current Average cost 2.666667
Current Value => 150 X 2.666667 => 400
Now the localization passes Rs 50 which is the tax portion of the receipt for calculating the average cost
Now the total inventory value has to increase from 400 to 450 ( 400+50 )
New average cost after incorporating the tax portion for => (400+50)/150 => 3 Rs
existing stock of 150
Note : Many instances have been reported in the past of some purchased items which are excisable
having very high current average cost. In majority of cases this was attributed to bulk of the material
getting issued to line immediately on delivery before the localization could pass the ‘tax portion’ of the
po, and by the time when the ‘tax portion’ of po was passed this tax value had to be apportioned to the
remaining small portion of the overall qty that was received and hence the new average cost of the item
looks very much inflated. This is considered to be a normal situation, as the cost will get corrected by
subsequent receipts.
For Mfg Items : The data required for average costing for make items will be ‘discrete job wip value summary’.
The accounting flow detailed above takes place when-ever discrete jobs are transacted by way of move txns, scrap
txns and completion transactions.
Discrete Job Wip Value Summary :
This has two portions
Cost Incurred : When-ever move transactions are done cost of material, resource, osp & overhead get charged to
the discrete job wip value as per bom & routing of discrete job at the prevailing Average / Avg rates at the time of
transaction. Also when manual charging is done to the discrete job as in the case of re-work when extra resources
are required for rework, cost of using these resources will also get charged to the discrete job.
Cost Releived : When-ever completion transactions are done cost of material, resource, overhead & osp in line
with the quantity completed get relieved from the discrete job wip value as per bom & routing of discrete job at the
prevailing Average / Avg rates at the time of completion transaction. The cost incurred on account of manual
charging of resources on account of rework will not get relieved from the wip value on completion as rework is not
part of standard routing. However this will get relieved from cost incurred and will be debited to ‘wip resource
variance account’ only when the job is closed.
Scrap Transactions : When-ever scrap transactions are done, value of material, resource, overhead & osp
incurred upto the scrap operation get relieved from the discrete job and gets charged off to the scrap account entered
at the time of scrap transactions.
Input Data for costing of Mfg Items :
As ‘cost relieved’ accounting entries credit wip valuation and debit inventory valuation, data for average costing at
elemental level is taken from inventory valuation entries which get generated during completion transactions.
Debit Wip Resource Val A/c WIP valuation Hr 0.1 100 10 Resource txn
Debit Wip Over-Head Val A/c WIP valuation Hr 0.1 150 15 Resource txn
Debit Wip Material Val A/c WIP valuation Kg 10 1 10 WIP compt issue
Credit Wip Resource Val A/c WIP valuation Ea -10 -10 WIP Assy Compl
Credit Wip Over-Head Val A/c WIP valuation Ea -10 -15 WIP Assy Compl
Credit Wip Material Val A/c WIP valuation Ea -10 -10 WIP Assy Compl
Debit Inv Resource Val A/c Inv valuation Ea 10 10 WIP Assy Compl B
Debit Inv Over-Head Val A/c Inv valuation Ea 10 15 WIP Assy Compl C
Debit Inv Material Val A/c Inv valuation Ea 10 10 WIP Assy Compl A
TXN QUANTITY : 10 NOS Txn Value 35
Item Cost Ttl Cst This Lvl Prev Lvl
Material Cost <=> A / 10 1 0 1
Resource Cost <=> B / 10 1 1 0
Overhead Cost <=> C / 10 1.5 1.5 0
3.5 2.5 1
Note :
1. Cost Accounting Entries marked in ‘Pink’ colour are responsible for populating the cost ‘incurred’ portion
of wip value summary.
2. Cost Accounting Entries marked in ‘Blue’ colour are responsible for populating the cost ‘releived’ portion
of wip value summary
Fresh receipt of RM
Now a new lot of raw material for 100 Kg is received at the rate of 2 / Kg.
Current Avg RM Cost : (( 90 x 1 ) + ( 100 x 2 )) / ( 90 + 100 )=>1.5263 Rs
Fresh completion txn for FG is done for 15 Nos, details of cost entries for which are detailed
below
Primary Rate in TXN
Txn Account Description A/c Type UOM Quantity Rupees Val Txn Type
Credit Resource Abs A/c Resource abso Hr -0.15 100 -15 Resource txn
Credit Over-Head Abs A/c Overhead abso Hr -0.15 150 -22.5 Resource txn
Credit Inv Material Val A/c Inv valuation Kg -15 1.52632 -22.89 WIP compt issue
Debit Wip Resource Val A/c WIP valuation Hr 0.15 100 15 Resource txn
Debit Wip Over-Head Val A/c WIP valuation Hr 0.15 150 22.5 Resource txn
Debit Wip Material Val A/c WIP valuation Kg 15 1.52632 22.89 WIP compt issue
Credit Wip Resource Val A/c WIP valuation Ea -15 -15 WIP Assy Compl
Credit Wip Over-Head Val A/c WIP valuation Ea -15 -22.5 WIP Assy Compl
Credit Wip Material Val A/c WIP valuation Ea -15 -22.89 WIP Assy Compl
Debit Inv Resource Val A/c Inv valuation Ea 15 15 WIP Assy Compl B
Debit Inv Over-Head Val A/c Inv valuation Ea 15 22.5 WIP Assy Compl C
Debit Inv Material Val A/c Inv valuation Ea 15 22.89 WIP Assy Compl A
TXN QUANTITY : 15 NOS TXN Value 60.39
Item Cost Total Cst This Lvl Prev Lvl
Material Cost <=> A / 10 1.526 0 1.526
Resource Cost <=> B / 10 1 1 0
Overhead Cost <=> C / 10 1.5 1.5 0
4.026 2.5 1.526
Note :
1. Cost Accounting Entries marked in ‘Pink’ colour are responsible for populating the cost ‘incurred’ portion of
wip value summary.
2. Cost Accounting Entries marked in ‘Blue’ colour are responsible for populating the cost ‘releived’ portion of
wip value summary
New Average Cost of Fg
NEW AVERAGE COST
Item Cost Total Cst This Lvl Prev Lvl
Material Cost 1.3156 0 1.3156
Resource Cost 1 1 0
Overhead Cost 1.5 1.5 0
3.8156 2.5 1.3156
Step B - Defining a USER DEFINED cost type for cost rollup and doing cost-roll-up
1.Define a cost type for this purpose like 'TIDCROLLUP'.
No item costs should exist under this cost type
No resource cost exists under this cost type
No overhead cost exists under this cost type
2.Resource and Overheads Setup
Defined under cost type 'Avg'
Contains resource cost per hour for all resources
Contains overhead rates for all departments
Also contains overheads and resources associated for overheads
For rollup what is the process
Assembly cost-rollup is basically a process of calculating std cost for all make items as per Bom and Routing. It is
done under a user defined cost type 'X'.
Pre-requisites :
1. All leaf level (buy) bom items should have a cost under this cost type 'X'
2. All resources should have rates defined under this cost type 'X'
3. All departments should have over-head rates defined under this cost type 'X'
4. All overhead / resources association must exist under this cost type 'X'
5. Assign all make and buy items which are part of bom with this cost type ‘X’
6. For buy items update the WAR COST as per stores ledger against this cost type ‘X’.
7. No make items must have a cost under this cost type 'X'.
Steps to be followed for cost-rollup after pre-requisites have been met.
1. Copy resource cost from 'Avg' to 'cost type X' for all resources
Concurent request under menu ' Cost Mass Edits ' - copy resource information
2. Copy overhead rates from 'Avg' to 'cost type X' for all departments
Concurent request under menu ' Cost Mass Edits ' - copy overhead information
3. Copy overhead / resource association from 'Avg' to 'cost type X'
Concurent request under menu ' Cost Mass Edits ' - copy resource-overhead association
4. Perform the process of Assembly Cost Rollup for all make items under cost type 'X'
5. Verify if the rolled-up cost of make items matches with reference standards ( could be your legacy cost ).
If rolled-up cost does not match with reference standards corrections have to be made in bom & routing in
line with the abnormalities indicated by rolled up cost details, after which ‘STEP A’ & ‘STEP B’ detailed
above needs to be repeated till rolled-up cost match with some reference standards.
The finalized cost arrived thru cost roll-up for make items (cost arrived thru a iterative process of STEP A & STEP
B matching with reference standards of legacy) will be used for uploading the physical inventory of ‘make’ item
during pre-go live. This uploaded cost will iniatially get totally apportioned to cost element - Material only under
‘this level material cost’. However as transactions are done the average cost of ‘this level material’ goes down and
‘resource / overhead / osp / material’ elements of ‘previous level’ and ‘resource / overhead / osp ’ elements of ‘this
level’ increases till a breakeven is achieved.
Cost Manager :
Background :
Cost Manager is one of the interface managers which is scheduled to run once in 20 minutes. When cost manager
runs it calls for ‘Actual Cost Worker’ which in turn will process the following :
a. Un-costed records in mtl_material_transactions table. The costing status of records can be checked under
the parameters costed = Yes, No or Error in ‘Material Transactions’ menu under cost mgmt responsibility
b. Uncosted resource transactions in interface wip_cost_txn_interface
The cost manager will not run if any one of the following conditions exist
a. Check-up with the dba person if cost-manager is active. If in-active ask dba’s to launch the cost manager.
Uncosted records should get costed during the next run of cost manager
b. There are records in wip_cost_txn_interface ( pending resource transactions ) with process status =
‘Error’. The user has to take disposition for the error message indicated against each of the errored records
after which he should re-submit these records. If correct disposition is taken, then the records should get
cleared during the next run of the cost manager
c. Check-up for any discrete jobs having status as ‘Failed Close’. In case there are jobs with such status,
disposition should be taken on going thru the transaction summary of the failed close job. Try closing these
jobs now, if proper dispositions are taken then the status will change to ‘Closed’. Confirm that there are no
jobs with status ‘failed close’. During the next run of the cost manager the uncosted records should get
costed.
d. Query for records in ‘material transactions’ under cost management after clearing the start and end dates
and selecting the status as ‘Error’ under costed. In case there are records with costed_flag = ‘Error’ then
these will be displayed. Disposition has to be taken based on error message detailed by the transaction. As
disposition is very subjective guidance should be taken from metalink. After disposition is taken re-submit
the errored records either from front-end or back-end. This should clear the un-costed records during the
next run of cost manager.
e. Sometimes even after executing steps a,b,c & d you still find that the cost manager is still not processing
records for that organization, then there could be a dependency requirement not getting met like for eg
1. Suppose there is an inter-org transfer between 2 mfg locations, if cost mgr fails to run in
dispatching org on account of some reason, then it will not run in receiving org also, even if
points a,b,c & d are met by the receiving org
2. Now a dispatch is made from the receiving org to a warehouse, then the warehouse costing will
also stop, even if points under a,b,c & d are met by the warehouse
3. Hence disposition needs to be taken at source of the problem in view of cyclic nature of the
problem, in this case dispatching org of point 1, if cost manager runs here then automatically the
uncosted records of receiving org and warehouse also will get costed.