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Phytochemical Composition and Antiradical Activity of Sakersia Africana Hook. F. Medicinal Plant From Gabon
Phytochemical Composition and Antiradical Activity of Sakersia Africana Hook. F. Medicinal Plant From Gabon
Phytochemical Composition and Antiradical Activity of Sakersia Africana Hook. F. Medicinal Plant From Gabon
Abstract
The valorization of the medicinal plants of our country and determination of their impact on health due to their
abundance of substances with various pharmacological effects are our principal objective. This study was evaluated
the phytochemical screening and radical 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity of different
extracts of Sakersia africana Hook. f.. The results revealed that Sakersia africana Hook. f. is rich in phenols
compounds, sterols, triterpenes, alkaloids and reducing compound. The values in total phenols and
proanthocyanidines are ranging respectively from 391.58 ± 0.04 to 777 ± 0.03 mg/100 g of drugs and 113.5 ± 3.17 to
653.5 ± 36.83 mg/100 g of drugs. Results also show that different extracts tested present antiradical activity with
values of IC50 ranging from 164.21± 0.014 to 195.54± 0.012 % and abundance in bioactive compounds. This study
could justify the use of Sakersia africana of some chronic diseases.
*Corresponding Author: Louis-Clément Obame obamengonga@gmail.com, yacth58@hotmail.com
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incubation at room temperature, 1 mL sodium prepared blank. All tests were carried out in triplicate
carbonate solution (7.5 %) was added. Samples were and total phenols content was expressed as mg of gallic
incubated at room temperature for 1 h and the acid equivalents (GAE) per 100 g of drug.
absorbance was measured at 765 nm versus the
Table 2. Comparison of total phenolic compound, proanthocyanidins and antiradical activity of extracts de Sakersia
africana Hook.f.
Yields (%) Total phenols PAs (mg Quota of PAs in DPPH:
Extracts (mg GAE/100 g APE/100 g of Total phenols (%) IC50 (µg/ml)
of drug) drug)
Aqueous 4.04 507.42 ± 0.17 113.5 ± 3.17 22.37± 3.17 195.54± 0.012
Ethanolic-water 4.36 391.58 ± 0.04 341.83 ± 36.5 87.30 ± 36.5 164.21± 0.014
Ethanolic 5.56 777 ± 0.03 653.5 ± 36.83 84.11 ± 36.83 177.02± 0.013
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) were quantified with the pigments. The routine assay is performed by mixing
hydrolysis test of proanthocyanidins in a hot acid- 0.16 mL (1 mg/mL) of the extract with 2.33 mL of 30 %
alcohol medium into anthocyanidins. This method HCl-butanol solution (v/v). The mixture was put in
allows taking into account all the units of flavans-3-ols tightly closed tube and vortexed for 1 min.
constituting the polymers (Prigent, 2005). The heating Subsequently, the tube was heated at 100°C for 2 h and
step destroys the anthocyanidins pigments generated after cooling, the absorbance was read at 550 nm.
by flavan-4-ols and eliminates part of the chlorophyll Apple procyanidins (DP ≈ 7.4) treated as
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aforementioned were used as a standard. Results were The results show that all extracts are rich in
expressed as apple procyanidins equivalent (APE). sterols,triterpenes, tannins (catechic and gallic),
polyphenols, alkaloids, and reducing compounds.
Antiradical activity Coumarins and cardiac glycosides (digitoxins) are
DPPH spectrophotometric (quantitative) assay was abundant in aqueous and ethanolic-water extracts.
performed with some modifications (Brand-Williams Only the aqueous extract contains saponins and no
et al., 1995). Method was widely used to test the ability anthraquinons free flavanones, digitoxigenin, and
of antioxidant bioactive compounds to activity as free gitoxin gitoxigenine. Also, some extracts (ethanolic and
radical scavengers or hydrogen donors. This test is ethanolic-water) are rich in flavonoids total (Table 1).
based on the capacity of stable free radical 2, 2- Phytochemical analysis is very useful in the evaluation
diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl to react with hydrogen (H) of some active biological components of Sakersia
donors, including phenols. It is used for the africana. The qualitative and quantitative analyses
quantification of antioxidants in the complex of were carried out in both dry extract show that Sakersia
biological systems (Miliauskas et al., 2004). Each africana is rich in phenolic compounds (polyphenols,
sample of extract was prepared at different tannins, flavonoids) in terpenic and nitrogen
concentrations (100, 200, 300 and 400 μg/mL). The compounds. This wealth of pharmacological
reaction mixture contained 1 mL of DPPH prepared at compounds conferred to said plant several
a concentration 20 mg/L in methanol, and 1 ml of test pharmacological properties. The abundance of tannins
samples. After a 30 min reaction, the absorbance was explains the use of Sakersia africana ethnotherapy for
read at 517 nm and converted into percentage of the treatment of pathology identified during this
antiradical activity (AA %), using the following the investigation. These are diseases such as hypertension,
formula (Abdoul-Latif et al., 201O). dysentery, diarrhea, stomach ulcers and stomach
%DPPH radical scavenging = ((Abscontrol - Abssample))/ aches. Indeed, it has been shown that the higher the
Abscontrol) X 100 plant is rich in tannic compounds will be more effective
Where, for the treatment of diseases of hypertension,
Abscontrol is the absorbance of the blank; dysentery, diarrhea, hemorrhoids, stomach ulcer,
Abssample is the absorbance of the sample. stomach ache and some various venereal diseases
(Kerharo and Adjanohoun 1989; Pousset, 1989). In
Control contained 1 mL of DPPH solution and 3 mL of addition, the healing properties of plants are correlated
methanol. The measurements of DPPH radical with the abundance of tannins. This is the case for
scavenging activity were carried out for three sample example Lannea acida, rich in tannins, is used in
replications, and values are an average of three traditional medicine for wound healing (Sereme et al.,
replicates. IC50 is defined as the concentration of the 2008). This could also justify the healing properties
test sample leading to a 50 % inhibition of the DPPH attributed to Sakersia africana (Walker and Sillans
free radicals. IC50 value was calculated from the 1961).
separate linear regression of plots of the mean
percentage of the antioxidant activity against Total polyphenols, proanthocyanidins contents
concentration of the test compounds (mg /mL) The yields of different extracts of Sakersia africana
obtained from three replicate assays. were respectively 4.04 % (aqueous), 4.36 % (ethanolic-
water) and 5.56 % (ethanolic) (table 2). The
Results and discussion concentrations of total phenols in the different extracts
Phytochemical screening of the plant of study are more significant in
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comparison with those of the cereals (0,481 à 0,896 equation of the right-hand side of the proportioning of
mg/g of matter) appreciably equal with those of other the proanthocyanidins by the HCl- Butanol method
plants such as Broccolis (11.7 mg /g of matter), the gave Y = 0.0006 X + 0.0024 with R2 = 0.9869
gallic ones (9.9 mg/g of matter) and the fruits (23.1 (Abdoul-Latif et al., 2012) Among extracts,
mg/g of matter for the blackberry) (Vinson et al., 1995; proanthocyanidins contents ranged between 113.5 and
Wang and Lin, 2000). 653.5 mg APE/100 g of drug (Table 2).
Fig. 1. Antiradical activity extracts of Sakersia Correlation between antioxidant activity and total
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hydrogens and on the possibility for stabilization of the which could justify its multiple therapeutic indications
resulting phenoxyl radicals formed by hydrogen for which it is used traditherapy. These preliminary
donation (Catherine et al., 1996; Ramarathnam et al., results could provide a scientific basis for the research
1997; Sundaram et al., 2011). These results of of new therapeutic molecules. Further pharmacological
antiradical activity of Sakersia africana show that investigations allow us to determine precisely the
extracts exhibit antiradical activity from a different biological activities and to evaluate the acute
concentration of 50 μg/mL (aqueous and ethanolic- and subacute Sakersia africana.
water) (figure 1 and table 2). The radical scavenging
activity of ethanolic extract starts at concentrations Acknowledgements
that are higher than 50 μg/mL. The lowest The authors thank anyone who contributed to the
concentration IC50 that inhibits half of the DPPH completion of this work. Especially we thought Mrs
radical was obtained with ethanolic-water extract Daniel Ebozogho Metou, Benoit Ndong Mozogho and
(164.21 mg/mL) followed by ethanol extract (177.02 Jean-Calixte Nguema Akoué for her contribution
mg/mL). The aqueous extract show the highest related to the informations on traditional use of the
inhibitory concentration (IC50 = 195.54 mg/mL) (table plant like this Dr Alain Ondo Azi and Pr Crépin Ella
2). These results also show that Sakersia africana have Missang for the complete support throughout the work
a significant antiradical activity. However, ethanolic- with timely and valuable discussions.
water and ethanol extract were the higher antioxidant
activity with an IC50 respectively 164.21μg/mL and References
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