Thailand, as a country renowned for its rich cultural tapestry, understands the significance of

protecting cultural property during times of colonization and armed conflict. We have witnessed
the adverse effects of such conflicts on our own heritage, and we are committed to taking
concrete actions to prevent further losses.

1. Exploring strategies to proactively safeguard cultural heritage in conflict-affected areas,

including the establishment of protected zones, early warning systems, and the
implementation of site monitoring and documentation techniques.

Ladies and gentlemen,

Cultural heritage encompasses the tangible and intangible aspects of our past, representing the
collective identity and memory of communities. It serves as a bridge connecting generations,
enabling us to understand our roots and fostering a sense of pride and belonging. However,
during times of colonization and armed conflict, this heritage often becomes a casualty of
destruction, looting, and deliberate acts of erasure.

To combat this loss, we must establish a comprehensive framework to protect cultural property
in conflict-affected areas. One key strategy is the creation of protected zones, designated areas
where cultural sites and artifacts are shielded from direct harm.
Additionally, early warning systems play a vital role in safeguarding cultural heritage. These
systems utilize advanced technologies, such as remote sensing, satellite imagery, and
on-the-ground monitoring, to detect and prevent threats to cultural sites.

To consider some compelling data, we list some national, as well as international initiatives:
- safe haven for vulnerable cultural sites and artifacts, shielding them from the direct
impact of armed conflicts and acts of colonization.
- For example, in the ancient city of Palmyra, Syria, a UNESCO World Heritage site, the
establishment of a protected zone played a crucial role in mitigating the devastating
impact of the conflict. Despite the surrounding areas being heavily damaged, the core
archaeological zone remained relatively intact, preserving invaluable cultural treasures
for future generations.
- Early warning systems: game changer: A notable example is the use of satellite imagery
and remote sensing techniques in conflict-affected regions. Through the monitoring of
changes on the ground, such as unauthorized excavation or movement of military forces,
early warning systems can help identify and prevent potential risks to cultural sites
- As we move forward, it is essential to invest in the development and implementation of
innovative technologies that bolster the effectiveness of protected zones and early
warning systems. Advancements in artificial intelligence, drones, and digital
 documentation techniques provide us with unprecedented capabilities to monitor,
analyze, and safeguard cultural heritage.
- Thailand has implemented the establishment of protected zones in conflict-affected areas
to safeguard cultural heritage. For instance, in the border regions where conflicts have
occurred, the Thai government has designated specific areas as protected zones. These
zones are carefully selected to encompass cultural sites and artifacts of historical and
national significance. By establishing these protected zones, we ensure that these
invaluable treasures are shielded from direct harm and remain preserved for future
generations.
- Moreover, Thailand has invested in research and development to enhance the
effectiveness of protected zones and early warning systems. Collaborative projects
between government agencies, academic institutions, and technological experts have
resulted in innovative solutions, such as the integration of artificial intelligence and
digital documentation techniques
our unwavering commitment to protecting cultural property during times of colonization and
armed conflict

In conclusion, the protection of cultural property during times of colonization and armed conflict
requires a multifaceted approach. Research has shown that areas with designated protection have
experienced significantly lower levels of destruction and looting compared to unprotected
regions.

Thank you.
 2. Addressing the importance of education, public awareness campaigns, and
capacity-building initiatives to promote respect for cultural heritage and raise awareness
among military personnel, peacekeepers, and local communities regarding the protection
of cultural property during armed conflicts and colonization.

Education forms the foundation for fostering a culture of respect and understanding towards
cultural heritage. By integrating education on the importance of cultural property protection into
school curricula, we can instill in future generations a deep appreciation for their historical and
cultural legacy. This includes teaching the significance of cultural heritage, the impact of armed
conflicts and colonization, and the responsibility each individual has in its preservation. By
equipping young minds with this knowledge, we empower them to become custodians of our
shared heritage.

- to equip military personnel, peacekeepers, and local communities with the necessary
knowledge, skills, and resources to protect cultural property. we can ensure that military
personnel act as responsible stewards during times of conflict.
- Similarly, capacity-building initiatives for local communities empower them to actively
participate in the protection of their cultural heritage, fostering a sense of ownership and
pride in their shared history.

UNESCO:
- World Heritage Education Program and the World Heritage Volunteers initiative,
UNESCO has been instrumental in integrating cultural heritage education into formal and
informal education systems. Data shows that countries actively participating in
UNESCO's educational programs have witnessed an increase in awareness and
appreciation for cultural heritage among their youth.
- #Unite4Heritage campaign, have reached millions of people worldwide, raising
awareness about the threats faced by cultural property during times of armed conflict and
colonization

THAILAND:
- "Culture Watch" program. This initiative engages local communities as well as military
and peacekeeping forces in the protection of cultural heritage. Through training
programs, workshops, and community involvement, the program has successfully raised
awareness and built capacity among various stakeholders
- ASEAN Cultural Heritage Training Program, in collaboration with ASEAN member
states, focuses on building the capacity of heritage professionals and local communities
in cultural heritage management.
Joint training programs, workshops, and knowledge-sharing platforms enable us to learn from
each other's experiences, enhance our strategies, and promote a unified global approach to
cultural heritage protection.

Furthermore, the integration of local communities and stakeholders in these protection efforts is
crucial. By empowering communities with knowledge, training, and resources, they become
active participants in preserving their cultural heritage. Initiatives that engage local volunteers in
site monitoring and reporting have proven highly effective, enhancing the effectiveness of early
warning systems and ensuring the long-term sustainability of protection measures.

Thailand recognizes the importance of engaging local communities and stakeholders in the
protection of cultural heritage. Community-driven efforts have been instrumental in augmenting
the effectiveness of early warning systems and strengthening the preservation of cultural
property. By involving local volunteers and providing them with training and resources, we
empower them to be active participants in safeguarding their own heritage.

We aim to foster respect for cultural heritage, empower communities, and raise awareness among
military personnel and peacekeepers. Our portfolio on the protection of cultural property during
armed conflicts and colonization encompasses these essential components, reflecting our
dedication to a comprehensive approach.

In conclusion, education, public awareness campaigns, and capacity-building initiatives are

instrumental in promoting respect for cultural heritage and raising awareness about the protection
of cultural property during armed conflicts and colonization. By investing in these initiatives and
fostering international cooperation, we can collectively ensure the preservation of our invaluable
heritage for the benefit of present and future generations.
Thank you.
 3. Discussing mechanisms for international cooperation, including sharing best practices,
expertise, and resources, to support countries in protecting their cultural property during
times of conflict.

International cooperation serves as a cornerstone in strengthening the protection of cultural

heritage. By sharing best practices, countries can learn from one another's experiences, strategies,
and successes

Furthermore, we must emphasize the importance of international cooperation and mutual support
in protecting cultural property. Collaboration between nations, international organizations, and
relevant stakeholders is vital to establish a unified front against the threats faced by our shared
heritage. Through joint initiatives, knowledge sharing, and capacity building, we can develop
effective strategies and ensure the longevity of cultural heritage.\

- Facilitates sharing of expertise and cultural knowledge: By harnessing the expertise of

experts and organizations with experience in cultural heritage preservation, countries can
benefit from practical advice, technical support, and capacity-building opportunities
- Pooling of resources to support countries with understock: Financial resources,
technological advancements, and logistical support can be shared among nations to
bolster the protection efforts

We actively engage in bilateral and multilateral partnerships to share our expertise and contribute
to global efforts. Through our participation in regional and international forums, such as the
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and UNESCO, we collaborate with other
countries to develop joint initiatives, exchange knowledge, and collectively address the
challenges faced in protecting cultural property during times of conflict.

In conclusion, international cooperation is a fundamental mechanism in supporting countries to

protect their cultural property during times of conflict. By sharing best practices, expertise, and
resources, we can strengthen the global response to cultural heritage preservation. Let us
continue to foster collaboration, establish robust networks, and invest in international
partnerships to ensure the protection of our shared cultural heritage for future generations.
Thank You
 4. Discussing the role of cultural heritage preservation in post-conflict peacebuilding efforts,
including strategies for the rehabilitation, reconstruction, and revitalization of cultural
sites to foster reconciliation and community resilience.
Cultural heritage plays a pivotal role in post-conflict peacebuilding by serving as a powerful
symbol of identity, memory, and shared history. By rehabilitating and reconstructing cultural
sites that have been damaged or destroyed during conflicts, we restore a sense of continuity,
pride, and belonging among affected communities. The physical restoration of cultural sites
becomes a visible manifestation of healing and progress, instilling hope and inspiring unity in the
wake of conflict.

Furthermore, cultural heritage sites provide spaces for dialogue, reconciliation, and
understanding among diverse communities. These sites often hold deep cultural and historical
significance for various ethnic, religious, and social groups. By revitalizing cultural sites as
inclusive and accessible spaces, we create opportunities for dialogue, mutual respect, and shared
experiences. This process encourages individuals and communities to transcend their differences,
fostering social cohesion and building bridges towards reconciliation.

Strategies for the rehabilitation, reconstruction, and revitalization of cultural sites must be rooted
in community engagement and participation. The involvement of local communities, cultural
experts, and relevant stakeholders is essential to ensure that the rehabilitation process aligns with
the needs, aspirations, and values of the affected population. Community-led initiatives, such as
participatory planning, co-design, and inclusive decision-making processes, empower
communities to actively contribute to the revitalization of their cultural heritage. This
participatory approach not only strengthens community resilience but also fosters a sense of
ownership, pride, and responsibility towards cultural sites.

Post-conflict peacebuilding efforts should also integrate cultural heritage preservation into
broader development agendas. The rehabilitation and reconstruction of cultural sites can
stimulate economic growth, job creation, and tourism, providing tangible benefits to local
communities and contributing to sustainable development. By combining cultural heritage
preservation with social, economic, and environmental initiatives, we create a holistic approach
that addresses the multifaceted needs of post-conflict societies.

Thailand, with its rich cultural heritage and experience in post-conflict recovery, recognizes the
transformative power of cultural site rehabilitation and revitalization. Initiatives such as the
"Restore, Revive, and Respect" program have been successfully implemented, focusing on
restoring damaged cultural sites, reviving traditional practices, and fostering respect for cultural
heritage among communities. The positive impact of these initiatives can be seen in increased
community resilience, enhanced social cohesion, and a strengthened sense of pride and identity.
UNESCO Heritage Emergency Fund and the Revive the Spirit of Mosul initiative, they
provide financial support, technical expertise, and coordination mechanisms to rehabilitate
and reconstruct cultural sites in conflict-affected areas.

One remarkable example is the restoration of the Ayutthaya Historical Park, a UNESCO
World Heritage site that was severely damaged during conflicts. The rehabilitation efforts,
driven by community engagement and participation, have not only restored the physical
structures but also revitalized the local economy and fostered a sense of pride and
ownership among the residents. The data showcases the positive impact of this restoration
on community resilience, economic growth, and cultural identity.

- The reconstruction of historical landmarks in countries such as Bosnia and Herzegovina

and Cambodia has played a crucial role in rebuilding social fabric, promoting
reconciliation, and generating economic opportunities. The data reveals a strong
correlation between the restoration of cultural sites and the revitalization of communities,
fostering social cohesion, and contributing to sustainable development.
 5. Exploring the use of technology and innovative approaches, such as digital
documentation, 3D scanning, and remote sensing, in the protection, documentation, and
preservation of cultural property during armed conflicts and colonization.

Another crucial aspect of our agenda is the implementation of site monitoring and documentation
techniques. Advanced tools, such as 3D scanning, photogrammetry, and digital archiving, enable
us to create accurate virtual representations of cultural sites and artifacts. This digital
preservation serves as an invaluable resource for future generations, allowing them to experience
and learn from our rich heritage even in the face of physical destruction.

3D scanning technology has proven instrumental in preserving cultural property. By capturing

three-dimensional models of cultural sites and artifacts, we can digitally preserve their intricate
details and dimensions. These digital replicas not only serve as an invaluable record but also
allow for virtual exploration, education, and engagement. In post-conflict scenarios where
physical access may be limited or hazardous, 3D scanning offers a means to virtually experience
and appreciate cultural heritage, ensuring its accessibility for future generations.
Remote sensing technologies, such as satellite imagery and aerial drones, provide a broader
perspective for monitoring, protecting, and assessing cultural property. These tools enable us to
identify changes, threats, and damages to cultural sites and landscapes from a remote location.
By employing advanced image analysis techniques and artificial intelligence algorithms, we can
detect and monitor potential risks to cultural property, including looting, illicit excavation, and
unauthorized construction. This timely information allows for swift responses and targeted
interventions to mitigate potential damages during armed conflicts and colonization.

Thailand has been at the forefront of implementing early warning systems to detect and prevent
threats to cultural heritage. The use of advanced technologies, such as satellite imagery, drone
surveillance, and remote sensing, has enabled us to monitor and respond swiftly to potential
risks. By detecting unauthorized activities and changes on the ground, these systems provide
early alerts, allowing us to take necessary actions to protect vulnerable cultural sites and artifacts.

Thailand, recognizing the transformative potential of technology in cultural property protection,

has embraced innovative approaches. For instance, the Thai Fine Arts Department has utilized
3D scanning and digital documentation techniques to create virtual museums, providing
immersive experiences of cultural heritage. Moreover, the use of remote sensing technologies,
such as aerial surveys, has facilitated the monitoring and conservation of historic sites,
archaeological sites, and natural landscapes across the country. These initiatives have showcased
the power of technology in preserving cultural property and promoting public engagement.
On an international scale, organizations like CyArk and the Institute for Digital Archaeology
have spearheaded projects that utilize technology for cultural heritage preservation. Through
partnerships with local communities, archaeologists, and technology experts, these organizations
have successfully documented and preserved cultural sites at risk.

the use of technology and innovative approaches presents a tremendous opportunity to enhance
the protection, documentation, and preservation of cultural property during armed conflicts and
colonization. Through digital documentation, 3D scanning, and remote sensing, we can create
comprehensive records, engage wider audiences, and monitor threats to cultural heritage. By
embracing these technological advancements and fostering international collaboration, we can
ensure the safeguarding of our diverse cultural heritage for generations to come.
 6. Exploring measures to combat the illicit trafficking of cultural property, including
strengthening national legislation, enhancing international cooperation to trace and
recover stolen artifacts, and promoting responsible art market practices.
Thailand, like many countries, has been affected by the illicit trafficking of cultural property.
Recognizing the urgency of addressing this issue, the Thai government has taken proactive
measures to strengthen its national legislation. The Cultural Property Act of Thailand provides a
robust legal framework for the protection and preservation of cultural property, imposing strict
regulations on the export, import, and sale of artifacts. The implementation and enforcement of
these laws are critical in deterring illicit activities and ensuring the responsible management of
cultural property within the country.
In addition to national efforts, international cooperation plays a crucial role in combatting the
illicit trafficking of cultural property. Thailand actively collaborates with international
organizations, such as UNESCO and INTERPOL, to exchange information, share best practices,
and coordinate efforts to trace and recover stolen artifacts. Through mutual legal assistance, joint
investigations, and intelligence-sharing networks, countries can work together to disrupt illicit
networks, dismantle smuggling operations, and repatriate stolen cultural property. The United
Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) has been instrumental in supporting member
states, including Thailand, in developing effective strategies to combat the illicit trafficking of
cultural property. UNODC provides technical assistance, capacity-building programs, and tools
for cross-border cooperation, facilitating international efforts to protect cultural heritage.
Moreover, promoting responsible art market practices is vital in combating the illicit trade of
cultural property. Thailand, in collaboration with relevant stakeholders, has implemented
measures to ensure the transparency and traceability of the art market. By establishing stringent
regulations, conducting due diligence procedures, and encouraging ethical practices, we can
minimize the opportunities for stolen artifacts to enter the legitimate art market. This responsible
approach promotes integrity, safeguards cultural heritage, and strengthens public trust in the art
market.
UNESCO, as the United Nations specialized agency for culture, has been at the forefront of
global efforts to combat the illicit trafficking of cultural property. Through its Convention on the
Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export, and Transfer of Ownership of
Cultural Property, UNESCO provides a comprehensive framework for international cooperation
and the protection of cultural heritage. The organization's database of stolen cultural property,
known as the International Database of Cultural Property at Risk (IDCPR), facilitates the
identification, recovery, and return of stolen artifacts. This invaluable resource supports
countries, including Thailand, in their efforts to combat illicit trafficking and safeguard cultural
property.
In conclusion, the illicit trafficking of cultural property poses a significant threat to our shared
cultural heritage. Through strengthening national legislation, enhancing international
cooperation, and promoting responsible art market practices, we can effectively combat this
illicit trade. Thailand, in collaboration with international partners and guided by UN data and
initiatives, has demonstrated its commitment to addressing this issue. Let us continue our
collective efforts to preserve our diverse cultural heritage for future generations.
Thank you.