Enhancing Vocabulary of Grade 5 Pupils of La Torre Elementary School Through Interactive Multimedia

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“ENHANCING VOCABULARY OF GRADE 5 PUPILS OF LA TORRE

ELEMENTARY SCHOOL THROUGH INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA”

An Action Research

By:

MARVY LIN JOY B. VILLAMAR

GERWIN C. BANSIG

2023

LA TORRE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL


“ENHANCING VOCABULARY OF GRADE 5 PUPILS OF LA TORRE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

THROUGH INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA”

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Pages
Title Page …………………………………………………………………… i
Context and Rationale …………………………………………………….. 1-3
Research Questions ………………………………………………………. 3
Significance of the Study ………………………………………………… 4
Scope and Limitation …………………………………………………….. 5
Methodology ……………………………………………………………….. 5
Type of Research ………………………………………………………… 5
Respondents ……………………………………………………………… 6
Sampling methods ……………………………………………………….. 7
Proposed Innovation/Intervention/Strategy/Instrument …………………. 7-8
Data Collection Procedure ………………………………………………. 9-10
Ethical Considerations …………………………………………………… 11
Data Analysis ……………………………………………………………. 11-13
Work Plan ……………………………………………………………….. 14-15
Cost Estimates …………………………………………………………… 16
Plan for Dissemination and Utilization ………………………………….. 16-17
References …………………………………………………………………. 18-19
Appendices ………………………………………………………………… 20
A. Instruments ……………………………………………………………. 20
B. Consent and Assent Letters …………………………………………… 21-22
C. Declaration of Anti-Plagiarism and Absence of Conflict of Interest …. 23
“ENHANCING VOCABULARY OF GRADE 5 PUPILS OF LA TORRE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

THROUGH INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA”

CONTEXT AND RATIONALE

Vocabulary is one of important factors in language learning and

develops the language skills. The learners feel difficult if they are lack of

vocabulary. Meanwhile, vocabulary development is an important aspect of

language development, vocabulary is central to teach English because without

sufficient vocabulary students cannot understand others or express their own

ideas.

However, preliminary observations in La Torre Elementary School

Grade 5 pupils revealed that their vocabulary is low. They were unable to

comprehend the content of the English texts. For example, they were unable

to tell what a text was about after reading it. Furthermore, they were unable to

accurately answer text-related questions. The situation has an impact on the

English skills of other students. This challenge was as a result of some issues.

Some things contributed to the difficulties. They were teacher-

centered and relied on materials from the course book. The majority of

teachers rely on textbooks and printed materials to teach students, which are

frequently delivered in a monotonous manner, causing students to become

bored, a lack of media to support the teaching and learning processes, the

availability of interactive multimedia sources, a lack of opportunities for

students to participate actively in the teaching and learning process due to

time constraints, students' low motivation, students' passiveness during the

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“ENHANCING VOCABULARY OF GRADE 5 PUPILS OF LA TORRE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

THROUGH INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA”

English teaching and learning process, and a lack of resources. All of these

variables contributed to the kids' poor vocabulary.

Furthermore, the students had a great aversion to reading, particularly

reading aloud. Because it will be so prominently displayed in public, the

English text was chosen. As an example, When the teacher requested one of

the students to read the material aloud in front of the class, he was unsure and

refused to read. This syndrome caused unstable learning and reduced pupils'

enthusiasm to learn. Given the factors stated above, the teacher must seek out

effective methods to enhance the teaching and learning of English reading in


th
5 Grade of La Torre Elementary School SMP Interactive multimedia, i.e.,

video games, is one way that can be used in the teaching and learning

process. Macromedia Flash as Interactive Multimedia improves the process of

teaching and learning reading, which is one of the macro skills that is tough

to master. The program was employed after considering the aspects that

contribute to reading difficulty. This program aided teachers by supplying

materials. particularly for reading Furthermore, it helps entice students to

enjoy the lesson; teenagers were particularly interested in the use of

technology in the process of teaching and learning. As a result, it was critical

to conduct research that could improve the reading teaching and learning

process with media that may merge what students desire, require, and lack

with their enjoyment. Based on the foregoing rationale, and due to issues with

teaching and learning.

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“ENHANCING VOCABULARY OF GRADE 5 PUPILS OF LA TORRE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

THROUGH INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA”

The researcher was interested in finding a solution to the reading

process in English at La Torre Elementary School’s 5th grade class. Assist

youngsters in learning to read and enhance vocabulary. The researcher

concentrated on in this study. Making reading more exciting and

pleasurable. The researcher conducted a study titled “Enhancing

Vocabulary of Grade 5 Pupils of La Torre Elementary School through

Interactive Multimedia”.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS/HYPOTHESIS

This action research is intended answers to the following questions in order

to enhance the vocabulary of Grade 5 pupils of La Torre Elementary School

through Interactive Multimedia.

Specifically, the action research sought answers to the following

questions:

1. What is the performance before the implementation of Intervention?

2. What is the performance after the implementation of Intervention?

3. Is there a significant difference between pre-test and post-test?

HYPOTHESIS

There is no significant relationship between the students in its enhancing of

vocabulary.

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THROUGH INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA”

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study focused on determining the significance of utilizing interactive

multimedia enhancing the vocabulary of the Grade 5 pupils. In addition, the findings of

the study may be beneficial to the learners, parents, community, administrator and future

researchers.

This research assisted the learners in improving their vocabulary skills after they

have learned the interactive multimedia technique.

The findings of this study may be used by teachers as a foundation in facilitating

the learners’ reading comprehension vocabulary skills using interactive multimedia

which may be used in teaching reading.

The findings of this study will also serve as a guide for school heads in expanding

existing knowledge by providing more inventions and strategies as a solution to the

learners’ vocabulary skills.

This study will be a valuable resource for future researchers who plan to conduct

research on improving vocabulary skills through the use interactive multimedia.

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“ENHANCING VOCABULARY OF GRADE 5 PUPILS OF LA TORRE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

THROUGH INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA”

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

As stated in the problem’s context, the researcher and teacher reduce problems with

vocabulary ability and efforts to improve the teaching and learning procedures

Furthermore, Interactive Multimedia is regarded as an efficient method for improving

kids' vocabulary. It has also never been employed as a reading-teaching strategy by the

teachers at La Torre Elementary School. In light of this viewpoint, the researcher did a

research study to satisfy her interest by focusing on increasing kids' reading skills

utilizing Interactive Multimedia at La Torre Elementary School's 5th grade.

METHODOLOGY

This study utilizes an Action Research design that is specifically designed to enhance vocabulary

skills in Grade 5 students. This chapter provides an overview of the research design, including

the chosen research type, the target respondents, the sampling method, the proposed innovation,

intervention, or strategy, the instruments used, the data collection procedure, ethical

considerations, data analysis approach, timetable, cost analysis, and plans for dissemination and

utilization. Action research is chosen as the preferred methodology due to its dynamic and

collaborative nature, which is in perfect alignment with the objectives of the study. The research

team will work with educators to implement and improve targeted interventions, including

workshops, digital resources, and vocabulary programs. This approach enables a dynamic and

pragmatic examination of effective methods, promoting an ongoing process of improved

performance. This study aims to enhance the vocabulary skills of Grade 5 students by actively

involving stakeholders and utilizing the cyclic nature of Action research. It seeks to identify

impactful interventions and contribute to meaningful and actionable improvements.

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THROUGH INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA”

RESPONDENTS

The students in the Grade 5 Section Earth 31. The primary respondents at La Torre

Elementary School consist of 17 girls and 14 boys. The study acknowledges the

significance of this particular age group in terms of academic growth. The study focuses

on respondents who are exclusively enrolled at La Torre Elementary School,

highlighting the localized scope of the research.

Grade 5 students actively engage in targeted interventions aimed at improving their

vocabulary skills. The study's success relies on the involvement of participants, as the

effectiveness of interventions is evaluated based on their engagement and progress.

The research goal is to enhance vocabulary skills in Grade 5 students, which is why the

focus is on this particular age group and context. The research team seeks to customize

interventions for Grade 5 students to address their developmental needs and learning

preferences. This will not only promote individual growth but also improve reading,

listening, speaking, and writing education strategies at the elementary level.

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THROUGH INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA”

SAMPLING METHOD

To address the research questions related to improving the vocabulary skills of Grade 5

students at La Torre Elementary School, purposive sampling will be used. The Grade 5

Section, specifically "Quezon," with a total of 31 students (17 girls and 14 boys), will be

intentionally selected. This method ensures a focused and targeted approach, taking into

account specific characteristics and diversity within the group. Participants will be chosen

based on varying levels of reading proficiency, writing skills, listening, speaking,

academic performance, and demographic backgrounds. Informed consent will be

obtained, and active participation in interventions will be monitored for continuous

assessment. The strategic sampling aims to represent diverse learning styles and

proficiency levels within the Grade 5 section.

PROPOSE INNOVATION, INTERVENTION, AND INVENTION

This study utilizes a comprehensive approach to improve the vocabulary abilities of 5th

grade students at La Torre Elementary School. The interventions involve students'

participation in the Enhancing Vocabulary Skills Program, which is designed to enhance

comprehension, fluency, and academic performance through enjoyable and interactive

multimedia sessions.

The Pictionary Game engaged students and encouraged them to actively participate. Let

the students watch a short clip or short story and then get some unfamiliar words from the

story to play for the Pictionary. Pictionary: A great way to get the whole class involved is

by playing Pictionary: Split the class into 2 teams. Have one student from each team

come to the board. Assign them one vocabulary word to draw. The students’ teams

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“ENHANCING VOCABULARY OF GRADE 5 PUPILS OF LA TORRE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

THROUGH INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA”

should try to guess what vocabulary word is being drawn, within a certain time limit

whichever team guesses correctly first gets a point. Repeat with different members of

each team coming to board until all the vocabulary words have been drawn, then tally the

points, and declare a winning team.

Creating a conducive environment that promotes the enhancement of skills through

mutual support. The incorporation of age-appropriate interactive multimedia, including

online tools and games, enhances the educational experience by providing an enjoyable

and interactive means for students to enhance their vocabulary skills. The students'

mastery of vocabulary is a distinctive characteristic. Educators are actively engaged in

addressing challenges and fostering a culture of tutoring within the school. This research

aims to enhance the academic performance of Grade 5 students at La Torre Elementary

School by implementing strategies that improve speaking, reading, listening, and writing

skills, ultimately enhancing their vocabulary skills.

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“ENHANCING VOCABULARY OF GRADE 5 PUPILS OF LA TORRE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

THROUGH INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA”

DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE

To begin, the researchers will seek permission from the principal of La Torre

Elementary School to conduct the study on Enhancing the Vocabulary of grade 5 pupils

of La Torre Elementary School through Interactive Multimedia. The researcher will be

able to administer the questionnaires to Grade 5 students during their free time because

of this. Copies of materials will be distributed and retrieved on predetermined dates. To

ensure valid and reliable results, the researcher will conduct the survey herself.

The observation is carried out to document the implementation of learning in

the classroom, namely the field observations of the students as research subjects and

observe the implementation of learning in the classroom. The next step that needs to

be done is as follows.

a. Identify the issues pertaining to the implementation of the teaching of reading in

English subjects.

b. Planning for implementation of problem

c. Discussing with the teacher about action.

Moreover, the researcher will be the one to offer remedial teaching for identified grade 5

pupils with have difficulties in vocabulary. The pre-test will be administered by the

researcher, however, to see the authenticity and correctness of the result of the pre-test, the

cooperating teacher will be the one to administer the post- test.

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“ENHANCING VOCABULARY OF GRADE 5 PUPILS OF LA TORRE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

THROUGH INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA”

The result of their pretest and post-test was interpreted using the scale below:

Scale Range Verbal Interpretation Verbal Description

4 31-40 Excellent The pupil’s meet the highest level of

satisfaction or performance. There is

an outstanding experience and there

are no significant issues or areas for

improvement and the experience was

exceptional.

3 21-30 Good The pupil’s meet above-average or

satisfactory performance or

experience. There are some minor

areas for improvement but overall,

the experience is enjoyable.

2 11-20 Average The pupil’s meets the minimum

expectations and there is room for

improvement. There is a room for

improvement.

1 1-10 Fair The pupils meet the below average

performance or experience.

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“ENHANCING VOCABULARY OF GRADE 5 PUPILS OF LA TORRE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

THROUGH INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA”

ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS

The intervention approach is not being questioned here, but rather the project’s

implementation. Will it be truly successful in boosting the vocabulary? How can the

study proponent or researcher be certain that the project will increase the quantity of low

vocabulary pupils? Are the students willing to attend the remediation?

These issues should be addressed and minimized with the assistance of teacher

advisers and school administration. Collaboration among teachers, parents, and

identified low achievers in mathematics is essential.

The researchers was convinced that genuine encouragement and motivation

would make a difference. Total project submissions would have a significant impact on

the level of success of the Interactive Multimedia. The school administration and teacher

advisers would no longer be concerned because everything was given, from instructional

materials to answer sheets. The researcher would oversee the plan's execution. Rest

assured that failure is unavoidable if everyone works together.

DATA ANALYSIS

The information gathered was both qualitative and quantitative. The

qualitative data were gathered through observation and interviews. Field notes,

interview transcripts, and images were used. The data was then interpreted and

examined. They were then linked to the applicable theories. Following that, the

data's outcomes were provided from start to finish. Meanwhile, the tests yielded

quantifiable data for this study administered Quantitative Technique. The

quantitative statistics were derived from the outcomes of the two tests times,
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THROUGH INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA”

namely at the end of the first and second cycles. The next step is to compute the

percentage of right response obtained by each student.

The researchers can determine the from the calculation of this percentage.

The level to which students have mastered the previously taught materials in other

words, the extent to which pupils who have been taught over the content have

succeeded in terms of the learning success criteria (indicators of success) as

previously envisaged. Furthermore, the outcomes of each test's student outcome

calculation were recorded. when compared to the first and second cycles These

findings indicate the percentage gain in students' abilities after participating in

learning.

1. Indicator of Success

Before establishing success indicators, the following defines the meaning

of as follows, individual mastery and classical completeness.

a. Classical Completion

Individual mastery is defined as a pupil mastering at least 65%of the

materials (subject matter recount text) as evidenced by the attainment of the

65th percentile result .A class is said to have gained classical completeness if

there were at least 85members. Individual mastery obtained by % of pupils.

This study is considered effective if the object under consideration has

achieved classical completeness.

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“ENHANCING VOCABULARY OF GRADE 5 PUPILS OF LA TORRE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

THROUGH INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA”

b. Students' Engagement

This study is considered effective if, by the conclusion of the second

cycle, students' activity has increased by at least 70%. Descriptive analytic

techniques are also used to characterize the data. The suitability of the

instructional materials descriptive analysis is a type of data analysis technique

by describing an increase in learning, conduct, and motivation and

strengthening kids' reading skills using interactive observation of learning

media, field notes, and tests.

The study was conducted during the 2023-2024 academic year at La Torre

Elementary School as part of the teaching-learning activities. From November to Januaryl

2023-2024, this action research covered action planning and execution. The study took three

(5) weeks to complete. Implementation of action customized to the schedule of English

learning in La Torre Elementary School of Grade5 class. Time allocation of two instruction

sessions (2hours and 40 minutes) every week completed in a single meeting on Friday at 9:00

A.M. 9:30 – 10:00. five sessions. The study schedule is based on prior agreement with the

advisor of Grade 5 section Quezon.

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THROUGH INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA”

WORKPLAN

The study was conducted during the 2023-2024 academic year at La Torre Elementary

School as part of the teaching-learning activities. From November to January 2023, this

action research covered action planning and execution. The study took three (5) weeks to

complete. Implementation of action customized to the schedule of English learning in La

Torre Elementary School of Grade 5 Class. Time allocation of two instruction sessions (2

hours and 40 minutes) every week completed in a single meeting on Friday at 9:00 a.m.

9:30 – 10:00 a.m. five sessions. The study schedule is based on prior agreement with the

Advisory of the class of Grade 5 section

Objectives Activities/ Timeframe Participants/


Strategies Beneficiaries

• The objectives of this These activities and • November 17 - January • Grade Six (5) Students
work plan for the strategies aim to create a 12 in La Torre Elementary
Vocabulary Boost dynamic and engaging 2023-2024 School
Workshop are to learning environment,
significantly enhance the fostering a love for
vocabulary of Grade 5 reading, listening,
students, address specific speaking, writing and
challenges faced by enhancing the overall
pupils, contribute to the vocabulary skills of
improvement of Grade 5 students in
elementary-level Enhancing Vocabulary
vocabulary education Skills Program
strategies, provide
practical insights, • Enhancing Vocabulary
measure the impact of Skills Program: Conduct
interventions, and offer interactive workshops for
actionable enhanced vocabulary
recommendations for a skills.
lasting improvement in
vocabulary skills. • Pictionary Game
A great way to get the
whole class involved is by
playing Pictionary: Split
the class into 2 teams.
Have one student from
each team come to the
board. Assign them one
vocabulary word to draw.
The students’ teams
should try to guess what
vocabulary word is being

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“ENHANCING VOCABULARY OF GRADE 5 PUPILS OF LA TORRE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

THROUGH INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA”

drawn, within a certain


time limit—whichever
team guesses correctly
first gets a point. Repeat
with different members of
each team coming to
board until all the
vocabulary words have
been drawn, then tally the
points, and declare a
winning team.

• Interactive
Multimedia:
Integrate age-appropriate
digital tools, interactive
games, and educational
applications to enhance
the learning process and
promote an enjoyable
educational experience.

Resources Needed Expected Remarks


(optional) Output/Outcomes

• Laptop/power point • The expected outcomes


presentation of the Vocabulary Boost
• Visual aids Workshop include a
• Online tools, games and significant improvement
Educational application in the vocabulary skills of
Grade 5 students, tailored
solutions to address
specific challenges,
valuable insights
contributing to enhanced
elementary-level
vocabulary skills,
practical applicability of
interventions, a measured
impact on vocabulary
proficiency, and
actionable
recommendations for
lasting improvement.
These outcomes
collectively aim to
positively impact the
targeted student
population at La Torre
Elementary Schools.
Prepared by; Approved by;

Marvy Lin Joy B. Villamar Jessie R. Martinez


Gerwin C. Bansig School Principal

Date: November 23, 2023

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THROUGH INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA”

COST ESTIMATES

The table breaks down the estimated budget for the Enhancing Vocabulary Skills

Program at La Torre Elementary School. This organized overview ensures focused

financial allocation for the effective enhancement of Grade 5 students' vocabulary skills,

covering essential resources and logistical needs.

Itemized Costs Amount (Pesos)

Encoding, Printing 500

Photocopying during research process

Digital Tools 250

Visual Aids 400

Transportation (Group) 300

Snacks 500

Total Budget Estimate 1,950 Php

PLAN FOR DISSEMINATION AND UTILIZATION

Target Activities/Methods or Persons involved Time

Strategies

Phase I Project Launch and Project Team, Teachers Week 1 Friday 2:00PM
Stakeholder Briefing November 17, 2023
Phase 2 Initial Enhancing Project Team, Grade 5 Week 2 Friday 10:00
Vocabulary Assessment Students AM November 24, 2023
Phase 3 Addressing the needs Project Team, Educators Week 2 Friday 2:00PM
through a Game-based Project Team, Teachers November 24, 2023
Learning strategies

Phase 4 Implementation of Project Team, Grade 5 Week 3 Friday 10:00


Enhancing Vocabulary Students AM December 1 -
Skills Program. January 11, 2024

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THROUGH INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA”

Enhancing Vocabulary Skills Program, spanning the first month, activities include the

project launch and stakeholder briefing, an initial Enhancing Vocabulary assessment

involving the project team and Grade 5 students, as well as addressing the needs through

a Game- based learning led by the project team and educators. Alongside the

commencement of improving the vocabulary skills and the implementation of the

Enhancing Vocabulary Skills Program involving the project team, teachers, and Grade 5

students. These concentrated efforts aim to enhance vocabulary skills and engagement

among Grade 5 students at La Torre Elementary School.

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THROUGH INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA”

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THROUGH INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA”

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APPENDICES

A. Instrument

This section provides a concise overview of the various research

instruments used in the study "ENHANCING VOCABULARY SKILLS

PROGRAM." The baseline assessment tool evaluates the initial reading

proficiency, writing, speaking, and listening skills of Grade 5 students, with the

aim of enhancing their vocabulary skills. The stakeholder survey questionnaire

collects structured feedback from educators, administrators, and parents

regarding the effectiveness of Enhancing Vocabulary through Interactive

Multimedia interventions and identifies potential challenges. The interview

protocol used for educators utilizes a semi-structured approach to explore the

experiences and observations of educators during the implementation of

interventions. An observation checklist is used to systematically document the

application of the "Enhancing Vocabulary Skills" intervention in classrooms,

with a focus on key indicators. To gather student perspectives, a focus group

discussion guide utilizes open-ended questions to elicit insights regarding

interventions and challenges encountered. The data analysis framework

facilitates the systematic processing and interpretation of qualitative and

quantitative data, enabling a thorough assessment of the project's impact.

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B. Parental consent

I am writing to inform you about the "Enhancing Vocabulary Skills

Program" research study led by Marvy Lin. Joy B. Villamar and Gerwin C.

Bansig. This study aims to Enhancing Vocabulary of Grade 5 pupils at La Torre

Elementary School through Interactive Multimedia. Has been selected as a

potential participant, and we seek your voluntary consent for their involvement.

Participation involves activities through interactive multimedia. Please rest

assured that all information collected will be treated confidentially, with your

child's identity protected. Your consent is vital for the success of this research.

If you have any questions or concerns, please do not hesitate to contact us. If

you agree to allow your child to participate, kindly sign and return the attached

consent. We appreciate your cooperation in advancing literacy research and

education.

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“ENHANCING VOCABULARY OF GRADE 5 PUPILS OF LA TORRE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

THROUGH INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA”

Dear Grade 5 students section Quezon,

I hope this letter reaches you in good condition. You have been chosen to

participate in the "ENHANCING VOCABULARY SKILLS PROGRAM,"

research study conducted by Marvy Lin Joy B. Villamar and Gerwin C. Bansig

from La Torre Elementary School. This study aims to improve the vocabulary

skills of Grade 5 students using interactive multimedia. Participation in this

study has been completely voluntary. If you decide to participate, you may need

to complete assessments and participate in activities aimed at improving

vocabulary skills through interactive multimedia. Rest assured that your

responses will be treated with confidentiality, and your identity will remain

private. Please feel free to ask any questions or express any concerns you may

have. To participate, kindly sign and return the attached consent form. Your

involvement is valuable in contributing to educational research, and we

appreciate your consideration.

Sincerely,

Marvy Lin Joy B. Villamar School Principal: Jessie R. Martinez


Gerwin C. Bansig

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“ENHANCING VOCABULARY OF GRADE 5 PUPILS OF LA TORRE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

THROUGH INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA”

Contact Information

#09358888965 gmail: abbyvillamar2001@gmail.com

#09153000833 gmail: gerwincalahi6666@gmail.com

C. Declaration of Anti-Plagiarism and Absence of Conflict of Interest

In the pursuit of academic greatness through the "ENHANCING

VOCABULARY SKILLS PROGRAM," I, Marvy Lin Joy B. Villamar and

Gerwin C. Bansig, decisively declare the uniqueness and bold originality of every

piece of intellectual treasure contained inside these pages. As an intrepid literary

explorer, I can guarantee that the written materials, numerical representations, and

collection of data have been obtained via mystical yet fully ethical methods.

Every thought has been carefully crafted, and each borrowed notion is

accompanied by a proper citation, resulting in a tapestry of information that is

both genuine and intriguing. This statement functions as both a strong defense

against the deceptive threat of plagiarism and a clear affirmation of my steadfast

dedication to the principles of academic integrity.

Signature:

Marvy Lin Joy B. Villamar

Gerwin C. Bansig

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