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Nu r s i n g
THE COMPLETE
Sch oo l
BUNDLE
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in the making
© 2021 NurseInTheMaking LLC. Sharing and distributing this copyrighted material without permission is illegal. 1
FORMULA METHOD
(FOR VOLUME-RELATED DOSAGE ORDERS)
D
x V = A
H
D = DESIRED
NOTE:
Some medications
like Heparin and Insulin
Example: “The physician orders 120 mg...” are prescribed in
units/hour
H = DOSAGE OF MEDICATION AVAILABLE Example: “The medication is supplied as 100 mg/5 mL”
V = VOLUME THE MEDICATION IS AVAILABLE IN

Example: “The medication is supplied as 100 mg/5 mL”
A = AMOUNT OF MEDICATION REQUIRED FOR ADMINISTRATION

KEY
You should assume that all

questions are asked “per dose”
unless the question gives a
Your answer timeframe (example: “how
many tablets will you give in 24
hours?”)
EXAMPLE 1 EXAMPLE 2
Ordered: Drug C 150 mg Ordered: Drug C 10,000 units SubQ
Available: Drug C 300 mg/tab Available: Drug C 5,000 units/mL
How many tablets should be given? How many mL should be given?
D D
x V = A x V = A
H H
What’s our desired? Drug C 150mg PO What’s our desired? Drug C 10,000 SubQ
What do we have? Drug C 300mg/tab What do we have? Drug C 5,000 units
What’s our quantity/volume? tablets What’s our quantity/volume? 1 mL
150 mg 300 mg x 1 tab = 0.5 tabs 10,000 units 5,000 units x 1 mL = 2 mL
150 300 = 0.5 x 1 = 0.5 tabs 10,000 5,000 = 2 x 1 = 2 mL
FINAL ANSWER: 0.5 tabs FINAL ANSWER: 2 mL
LAB VALUE CHEAT SHEET
VITAL SIGNS BASAL METABOLIC PANEL (BMP) RENAL
• Blood pressure • Sodium: 135 – 145 mEq/L
• Calcium: 9 - 11 mg/dL
• Systolic: 120 mmHg • Potassium: 3.5 – 5.0 mEq/L
• Magnesium: 1.5 - 2.5 mg/dL
• Diastolic: 80 mmHG • Chloride: 95 - 105 mEq/L
• Phosphorus: 2.5 - 4.5 mg/dL
• Heart Rate: 60 - 100 BPM • Calcium: 9 - 11 mg/dL
• Specific gravity: 1.010 - 1.030
• Respirations: 12 - 20 Breaths per min • BUN: 7 - 20 mg/dL
• GFR: 90 - 120 mL/min/1.73 m2
• Oxygen: 95% - 100% • Creatinine: 0.6 – 1.2 mg/dL
• BUN: 7 - 20 mg/dL
• Temperature: 97.8 °F - 99 °F • Albumin: 3.4 - 5.4 g/dL
• Creatinine: 0.6 – 1.2 mg/dL
• Total protein: 6.2 - 8.2 g/dL
LIVER FUNCTION TEST (LFT) LIPID PANEL

• ALT: 7 - 56 U/L • Total cholesterol: <200 mg/dL ABG’S
• AST: 5 - 40 U/L • Triglyceride: <150 mg/dL
• PH: 7.35 - 7.45
• ALP: 40 - 120 U/L • LDL: <100 mg/dL → Bad cholesterol
• PaCO2: 35 - 45 mmHg
• Bilirubin: 0.1 - 1.2 mg/dL • HDL: >60/dL → Happy cholesterol
• PaO2: 80 - 100 mmHg
• HCO3: 22 - 26 mEq/L
HbA1c
Respiratory
REMEMBER
• Non-diabetic: 4 - 5.6% Opposite
PANCREAS ROME
Metabolic
• Pre-diabetic: 5.7 - 6.4%
• Diabetic: > 6.5% (GOAL for diabetic: < 6.5%) Equal
• Amylase: 30 - 110 U/L
• Lipase: 0 - 150 U/L
COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT ( CBC )
COAGs • WBC: 4,500 - 11,000 • Hemoglobin (Hgb)

Female: 12 - 16 g/dL Male: 13 - 18 g/dL
• RBC’s: 4.5 - 5.5
• PT: 10 - 13 sec • Hematocrit (HCT)
• PLT: 150,000 - 450,000
• PTT: 25 - 35 sec Female: 36% - 48% Male: 39% - 54%
• aPTT: 30 - 40 sec (heparin)

• INR
- NOT ON Warfarin < 1 sec OTHER
- ON Warfarin 2 - 3 sec
Measured • MAP: 70 - 100 mmHg
with Therapeutic Range Antidote
• ICP (intracranial pressure): 5 - 15 mmHg
HEPARIN aPTT 1.5 - 2.0 x normal “control” value Protamine Sulfate
• BMI: 18.5 - 24.9
WARFARIN PT/INR 1.5 - 2.0 x normal “control” value Vitamin K
• Glascow coma scale: Best = 15
*The higher these numbers = higher chance of bleeding Mild: 13-15 Moderate: 9-12 Severe: 3-8
LAB VALUE MEMORY TRICKS
SODIUM: 135 - 145 POTASSIUM: 3.5 - 5 PHOSPHORUS: 2.5 - 4.5
*Commit to memory! BANANAS: PHOR: 4

There are about 3-5 in every *don’t
US: 2 (me + you = 2)
bunch & you want them half forget
ripe (½) the .5
ELECTROLYTES
So, think 3.5 - 5.0
CALCIUM: 9 - 11 MAGNESIUM: 1.5 - 2.5 CHLORIDE: 95 -105
CALL 911 MAGnifying glass Think of a chlorinated pool that

you see 1.5 - 2.5 you want to go in when it’s
bigger than normal SUPER HOT: 95 - 105
BLOOD COUNT (CBC)
• Hemoglobin (Hgb)
Female: 12 - 16 g/dL
COMPLETE
Male: 13 - 18 g/dL
• Hematocrit (HCT) 12 X 3 = 36
To remember HCT, (Female)
Female: 36% - 48% 16 X 3 = 48
multiply Hgb by 3
Male: 39% - 54% 13 X 3 = 39
(Male)
18 X 3 = 54
BUN: 7 - 20 mg/dL CREATININE: 0.6 – 1.2 mg/dL

BAS L METABOLIC
PANEL (BMP)
Think hamburger BUNs... This is the same value as

Hamburgers can cost anywhere LITHIUM’s therapeutic range (0.6 - 1.2 mmol/L)
from $7 - $20 dollars
Lithium is excreted almost solely by the kidneys...
n inin i i n i
POTASSIUM IMBALANCE
Potassium imbalance plays a vital role in cell METABOLISM, and TRANSITION of
nerve impulses, the functioning of cardiac, lung, muscle tissues, & acid-base balance.
3.5 - 5 mEq/L
HYPERKALEMIA > 5 mEq/L HYPOKALEMIA < 3.5 mEq/L
✹ TIGHT & CONTRACTED ✹ Thready, weak, irregular pulse

✹ Orthostatic hypotension
M
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
uscle cramps & weakness

✹ Shallow respirations
U rine abnormalities ✹ n i n i n
R espiratory distress ✹ Paresthesias

✹ i
D ecreased cardiac contractility (↓HR, ↓BP)
✹ Hypoactive bowel sounds (constipation)
E CG changes
• Tall peaked T waves
✹ Nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention
R (↑ DTR ) • Flat P waves ✹ ECG changes

• Widened QRS complexes • ST depression
• Prolonged PR intervals • Shallow or inverted T wave
• Prominent U wave
✹ Medication
➥ Potassium-sparing diuretics (Spironolactone) ✹ Actual total body potassium loss
➥ Ace inhibitors ✹ Inadequate potassium intake
➥ NSAIDs ➥ Fasting, NPO
i i in
RISK FACTORS
✹ ✹ n i
(Example: rapid infusion of potassium-containing IV solutions) i in i
✹ Kidney disease or those on Dialysis ➥ Alkalosis
➥ Decreased potassium excretion ➥ Hyperinsulinism
✹ n in i n (Addison’s disease) ✹ i i n i
➥ Water intoxication
✹ Tissue damage
➥
✹ Acidosis
✹ Hyperuricemia
Potassium imbalance can cause cardiac dysrhythmias
✹ Hypercatabolism that can be life-threatening!
✹ Monitor EKG ✹ Oral potassium supplements

✹ Discontinue IV & PO potassium ✹ Liquid potassium chloride
MANAGEMENT
✹ Initiate a potassium-restricted diet ✹ Potassium-retaining diuretic

✹ i in i i ✹ Potassium is NEVER administered
✹ i n i i by IV push, IM, or subcut routes.
✹ ini i n ➥ IV potassium is always diluted &
administered using an infusion device!
➥ IV calcium gluconate & IV sodium bicarb
✹ i i
other potassium-containing substances
Potassium & sodium = opposites Example: ↑ Na = ↓ K+

CALCIUM IMBALANCE
Calcium is found in the body’s cells, bones, and teeth. Needed for proper
functioning of the CARDIOVASCULAR, NEUROMUSCULAR, 9 - 11 mg/dL
ENDOCRINE systems, blood clotting & teeth formation
HYPERCALCEMIA > 11 mg/dL HYPOCALCEMIA < 9 mg/dL
C onvulsions
B one pain
A rrhythmias (dimished pulses)
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
A rrhythmias T etany
C ardiac arrest (bounding pulses) S pasms & stridor
K idney stones GO NUMB n in n i
M uscle weakness ↓ (DTR) POSITIVE TROUSSEAU’S:

E i in i n
CHVOSTEK’S SIGNS:
Contraction of facial muscles w/ light tap over the facial nerve.
Think “C” for Cheesy smile
✹ Increased calcium absorption

✹ i i n ✹ In i i i n i i n I
RISK FACTORS
✹ Kidney disease ✹ In i i n
✹ Thiazide diuretics ➥ Kidney disease, diuretic phase
✹ In ➥ Diarrhea & steatorrhea
n i n i
➥ Hyperparathyroidism / Hyperthyroidism ➥ Wound drainage
➥ Malignancy ✹ Conditions that decrease
(bone destruction from metastatic tumors) i ni i n i
✹ Hemoconcentration
✹ D/C IV or PO calcium ✹ Adm. calcium PO or IV

MANAGEMENT
✹ D/C Thiazide diuretics ➥ For IV, warm before & adm. slowly
✹ Administer phosphorus, calcitonin, ✹ in i i
bisphosphonates, & prostaglandin ✹ Initiate seizure precautions
synthesis inhibitors (NSAIDs)
✹ i i i
✹ i i in i
✹ n i in i
A client with a calcium imbalance is at risk for a

pathological fracture. Move the client carefully and slowly
Calcium & phosphate = Inverse Example: ↑ Ca+ = ↓ Po4

MAGNESIUM IMBALANCE
Most of the magnesium found in the body is found in the bones. Regulates BP, blood
sugar, muscle contraction & nerve function. 1.5 - 2.5 mg/dL
HYPERMAGNESEMIA > 2.5 mg/dL HYPOMAGNESEMIA < 1.5 mg/dL
MEMORY TRICK: MAGNESIUM IS A SEDATIVE!
✹ LOW EVERYTHING AKA SEDATED ✹ HIGH EVERYTHING AKA NOT SEDATED

✹ Low energy (drowsiness / coma) ✹ High HR (tachycardia)
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
✹ Low HR (bradycardia) ✹ High BP (hypertension)

✹ Low BP (hypotension) ✹ In n n
✹ Low RR (bradypnea) REMEMB
✹ Shallow respirations
✹ ↓ Respirations (shallow) ER:
✹ Twitches, paresthesias Als o seen
in
✹ ↓ Bowel sounds hypoca
lcemia
✹ Tetany & seizures . Ca &
✹ ↓ DTR’s i
✹I i ii n i n n
togeth
er!
POSITIVE TROUSSEAU’S:
CHVOSTEK’S SIGNS:
Contraction of facial muscles w/ light tap over the facial nerve
✹ In i n n i in
➥ Malnutrition/vomiting/diarrhea
✹ Increased magnesium intake
RISK FACTORS
➥ Magnesium-containing antacids (TUMS) ➥ Malabsorption syndrome

➥ Celiac & Chron’s disease
& laxatives
➥ Excessive adm. of magnesium IV ✹ In n i i n
✹ n in i n ➥ Diuretics or chronic alcoholism
➥ ↓ renal excretion of Mg = ↑ Mg in the blood ✹ In n n i
✹ DKA (Diabetic Ketoacidosis) ➥ Hyperglycemia & Insulin adm.
➥ Sepsis
✹ Diuretics
MANAGEMENT
✹ IV adm. calcium chloride or calcium gluconate ✹ n i I

✹ i i in n inin ✹ Seizure precautions
✹ i i n i ✹ Instruct the client to increase
containing magnesium n i n inin
✹ Hemodialysis
Magnesium & Calcium = SAME Example: ↑ Mg = ↑ Ca+

SODIUM IMBALANCE
Sodium is a ma or L
135 - 145 mEq/L
L ound in ssential or a id ase uid alan e
active & passive transport mechanism, irritability & CONDUCTION of nerve-muscle tissue
HYPERNATREMIA > 145 mEq/L HYPONATREMIA < 135 mEq/L
HYPOVOLEMIC HYPONATREMIA: HYPERVOLEMIC HYPONATREMIA:

✹ BIG & BLOATED ↓ ↑ body water that is greater than Na+
F lushed skin
S tupor/coma L imp muscles (muscle weakness)
R n i n i i
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
A n i (nausea/vomitting) 0 rthostatic hypotension

I n i ni n
L ethargy (weakness/fatigue) S eizures/headache
E dema (pitting)
T achycardia (thready pulse) S tomach cramping
D ecreased urine output (hyperactive bowels)
S in
✹ In i i n
A
5 d’s
gitation
➥ Diaphoresis (ex: high fever)
L ➥ Diuretics
➥ Diarrhea & vomiting
T hirst (dry mucous membranes) ➥ Drains (NGT suction)
➥ Diuretics
(Thiazides & loop diuretics)
✹ Increased sodium intake ✹ SIADH
➥ Excess oral sodium ingestion ✹ n in i n n i i
➥ Excess administration ✹ Inadequate sodium intake
➥ Fasting, NPO, Low-salt diet
➥
RISK FACTORS
✹ Kidney disease
✹ LOSS OF FLUIDS!
✹ i
➥ Fever
➥ Watery diarrhea hemoconcentration
➥ Diabetes insipidus =
➥ Excessive diaphoresis Increased sodium!
➥ Infection ADMINISTER I i i in i n
✹ i i n n i i
➥ Kidney problems DIURETICS I i

Hyponatremia → i i i i n
Daily Weights
Where sodium goes, water FLOWS
Safety (orthostatic hypotension A i
MANAGEMENT
✹I i Airway protection (NPO)

➥ Administer IV infusions n i i n i n
✹I i in (INCREASED RISK FOR ASPIRATION)
n i n i Limit water intake
➥ Give diuretics that promote sodium loss i n i i i
✹ i i i in i Teach to avoid a diet high in salt
nn
ABBREVIATIONS
Abd ................... Abdomen ICU .................... Intensive care unit
A.B.G................. Arterial blood gas I&O .................... Intake & output
ADL ................... Activity of daily living IM ...................... Intramuscular
a.c ...................... Before meals IV ....................... Intravenous
A&O .................. Alert & oriented NGT ................... Nasogastric tube
BP ...................... Blood pressure NPO .................. Nothing by mouth
d/c ..................... Discontinue CPR ................... Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
H&H .................. Hemoglobin & hematocrit PPE .................... Personal protective equipment
DNR................... Do not resuscitate PO ..................... By mouth
DX ..................... Diagnosis p.r.n. .................. As needed
ECG ................... Electrocardiogram ROM .................. Range of motion
Fx ...................... Fracture S&S .................... Signs & symptoms
h.s ...................... At bedtime Stat.................... Immediately
HOB .................. Head of bed U/A .................... Urinalysis
HOH .................. Hard of hearing V/S .................... Vital signs
H&P ................... History & physical PERRLA ............. Pupils equal, round, & reactive to light
HR ..................... Heart rate & accommodation
DO NOT USE POTENTIAL PROBLEM INSTEAD, WRITE:

U Mistaken for “0” (zero) or “cc” unit
Mistaken for IV (intravenous)

IU "international unit"
or the number 10 (ten)
Q.D., QD, q.d., qd,
Mistaken for each other "daily" or "every other day"
Q.O.D.,QOD, q.o.d, qod
Trailing zero (X.0 mg)
Decimal point is missed "X mg" "0.X mg"
Lack of leading zero (.X mg)
Can mean morphine sulfate
MS, MSO4, MgSO4 "morphine sulfate" "magnesium sulfate"
or magnesium sulfate
@ Mistaken for the number “2” (two) “at”
cc Mistaken for U (units) when poorly written “mL” or “milliliters”
THE NURSING PROCESS

ASSESS
"A Delicious PIE" Gather information
Verify the information
SUBJECTIVE DATA collected is clear & accurate
What the client tells the

nurse
EVALUATE DIAGNOSE
Determine the outcome of goals Interpret the information collected
OBJECTIVE DATA
Evaluate client's compliance Identify & prioritize the problem
Data the nurse obtains
through a nursing diagnosis
through their assessment Document clients response to pain
(be sure it's NANDA approved)
& observation
Modify & assess for needed changes
SET SMART GOALS

Specific IMPLEMENT PLAN
Measurable
Reaching those goals through Set goals to solve the problem.
Achievable
performing the nursing actions
Relevant Prioritize the outcomes of care
"Implementing" the goals set above
Time frame
in the planning stage
IV THERAPY: COMPLICATIONS
symptoms AIR EMBOLISM treatment
• Tachycardia Air enters the vein • Clamp the tubing
• Chest pain
• Hypotension
through the IV tubing • Turn client on the left side & place
in Trendelenburg position
• ↓ LOC
• Notify the HCP
• Cyanosis
symptoms INFILTRATION treatment

• At the site... IV fluid leaks into • Remove the IV
➥ Pain
➥ Swelling
surrounding tissue • Elevate the extremity
• Apply a warm or cool compress
➥ Coolness
➥ Numbness • Do not rub the area
• No blood return
symptoms INFECTION treatment

• Tachycardia Entry of microorganism • Remove the IV
• Redness
• Swelling
into the body via IV • Obtain cultures
• Possible antibiotics administration
• Chills & Fever
• Malaise
• Nausea & vomiting
CIRCULATORY
symptoms
OVERLOAD treatment
• ↑ blood pressure
• Distended neck veins Administration of •↓ in n
• Dyspnea fluids too rapidly • Elevate the head of the bed
• Wet cough & crackles (Fluid Volume Overload) • Keep the client warm
• Notify the HCP
symptoms PHLEBITIS treatment

• At the site Inflammation of the vein • Remove the IV
➥ Heat
➥ Redness
Can lead to a clot • Notify the HCP
➥ Tenderness (thrombophlebitis) • Restart the IV on the opposite side
• ↓ Flow of IV
symptoms HEMATOMA treatment

• Ecchymosis Collection of blood • ELEVATE the extremity
• At the site
➥ Blood
in the tissues • Apply Pressure & Ice
➥ Hard & painful lump

MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION
6 RIGHTS OF MED ADMIN
RIGHT PATIENT RIGHT MED
RIGHT TIME RIGHT ROUTE
RIGHT DOSE RIGHT DOCUMENTATION
TYPES OF ORDERS COMMON

MEDICATION ERRORS
ROUTINE
Medication error kills,
Given on a regular schedule with !
or without a termination date prevention is crucial!
SINGLE "ONE-TIME" • Wrong medication
Given on a regular schedule with • Incorrect dose

or without a termination date • Wrong...
➥ Client
STAT ➥ Route
Only for administration once ➥ Time
and given immediately • Administer a medication the
client is allergic to
PRN • Incorrect D/C of Medication
"As needed" must have an indication
• Inaccurate prescribing
for use such as pain, nausea & vomiting.
NONPARENTERAL ADMINISTRATION
Absorbed into the system through the digestive tract
ORAL OR ENTERAL SUPPOSITORIES

→ CONTRADICTIONS: vomiting, aspiration
ec ti ns sence e e → Lateral or sims' position
→ Use lubrication
rectal
dec e sed di fic lt s ll in
→ Have client sit at 90 angle to help with → Insert beyond the internal sphincter
swallowing → Leave it in for 5 minutes
→ NEVER crush enteric-coated or time-release
medications
→ ine ith nees ent eet t
→ Break or cut scored tablets only! on the bed, close to hips
vaginal
→ Insert the suppository along the posterior
TRANSDERMAL
wall of the vagina (3 - 4 inches deep)
→ Stay supine for at least 5 minutes
→ Place the patch on a dry and clean area of

skin (free of hair)
→ Rotate the sites of the patch to prevent INSTALLATION (DROPS, OINTMENTS, SPRAYS)
skin irritation
→ Always take off the old patch before → If there is dried section use a moisten sterile
placing a new one on gauze and wipe from inner to outer canthus to
prevent bacterial from entering the eye
→ Have the client tilt their head back slightly
INHALATION → Pull lower eye lid down gently to expose
eyes
the conjunctival sac

→ Rinse mouth after the use of steroids → Hold the dropper 1 - 2 cm above the conjunctiva
sac & drop medication directly into the sac
→ 20 - 30 seconds between puffs
→ Close eye lid & apply gentle pressure on the
→ 2 - 5 minutes between different medications nasolacrimal duct for 30 - 60 seconds
→ Use a spacer if possible to prevent thrush
→ Have client tilt their head
SUBLINGUAL & BUCCAL → Warm the solution before adm. to prevent

ears
vertigo & dizziness
Sublingual: Under the tongue → Adults: pull ear upward & outward
Buccal: Between the cheek & the gum → < 3 years of age: pull ear down & back
→ Keep the tablet in place until it has
completely absorbed
→ Have client lie supine
nose
→ DO NOT eat or drink until the tablet → Do not blow nose for 5 min after drop instillation
has completely dissolved
SCOPE OF PRACTICE
RN LPN/LVN UAP
• Post-op assessment • Stable client • Routine, stable vital signs
• Initial client teaching • Monitor RN’s findings & • Documenting input and
gather data output
• Starting blood products
• Specific assessments • Can get blood from the
blood bank
• Sterile procedures
• Reinforce teaching
• Activities of daily living
• IV’s & IV medications (ADL’s)
• Routine procedures (cath-
eterization, ostomy care,
• Discharge education wound care)
• Clinical assessment
ADL’S
• Monitors IVF’s & blood
products
ADPIE
• Feeding (not with
• Administer injections & aspiration risk)
narcotics (not IV’s meds &
1st IV bag) • Positioning
• Ambulation
• Tube potency & enteral
feedings • Cleaning
NOTE:
• Sterile procedures • Linen change
When a registered nurse delegates
tasks to others, responsibility is • Hygiene care

transferred but accountability for
SPECIFIC ASSESSMENTS
patient care is not transferred. The
Lung sounds, bowel
sounds, & neurovascular
RN is still responsible! checks
RN = Registered Nurse, LPN = Licensed Practical Nurse, LVN = Licensed Vocational Nurse, UAP = Unlicensed Assistive Personnel
ANTIBIOTICS / ANTIBACTERIALS
Broad spectrum antibiotics -oxacin
Tetracyclines -cycline
Sulfonamides sulf-
Cephalosporins -cef ceph-
Penicillins -cillin
Aminoglycosides & macrolides -mycin
Fluoroquinolones o a in
ANTIVIRALS
Antiviral (disrupts viral maturation) -virimat
vir- -vir- -vir
Antiviral (neuraminidase inhibitors) -amivir
Antiviral (acyclovir) -cyclovir
HIV protease inhibitors -navir
HIV / AIDS -vudine
ANTIFUNGAL
Antifungal -azole
CARDIAC
ANT I H Y P ERT EN S IV ES
ACE inhibitors -pril

Beta-blockers -olol
Angiotensin II receptor antagonists -sartan
Calcium channel blockers -pine -amil
Vasopressin receptor antagonists -vaptan
Alpha-1 blockers -osin
Loop diuretics -ide -semide
Thiazide diuretics -thiazide
Potassium sparing diuretics -actone
ANT I H Y P ERLI P I D EM I C S
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor -statin
O T H ER
Anticoagulants (Factor Xa inhibitors) -xaban

Anticoagulants (Dicumarol type) -arol
Anticoagulants (Hirudin type) -irudin
Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) -parin
Thrombolytics (clot-buster) -teplase -ase
Antiarrhythmics -arone
RESPIRATORY
U P P E R R E S P I R AT O RY
Second-gen antihistamines (H1 antagonist) -adine
Second-gen antihistamines (H1 antagonist) -tirizine
Second-gen antihistamines (H1 antagonist) -ticine
Nasal decongestants -ephrine -zoline
L O W E R R E S P I R AT O RY
Beta2-agonists (Bronchodilator) -terol

Xanthine derivatives -phylline
Cholinergic blockers -tropium
Cholinergic blockers -clindidiun
-zumab -lukast
ANESTHETICS / ANTIANXIETY
Local anesthetics -caine

Barbiturates (CNS depressant) -barbital
Benzodiazepines (for anxiety/sedation) -zolam
Benzodiazepines (for anxiety/sedation) -zepam
ANTIDEPRESSANTS
Selective serotonin -oxetine -talopram -zodone

reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Serotonin-norepinephrine -faxine -zodone -nacipram

reuptake inhibitors
(SNRI/DNRI)
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) -triptyline -pramine
ANALGESICS / OPIOIDS
Opioids -done
Opioids -one
-olac -profen
Salicylates Asprin (ASA)
Nonsalicylates Acetaminophen
GASTROINTESTINAL
Histamine H2 antagonists (H2-blockers) -tidine -dine

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) -prazole
Laxatives -lax
ANTIDIABETIC
Oral hypoglycemics -ide -tide -linide

Inhibitor of the DPP-4 enzyme -gliptin
Thiazolidinedione -glitazone
MISCELLANEOUS
Corticosteroids -asone -olone -inide

Triptans (anti-migraine) -triptan
Ergotamines (anti-migraine) -ergot-
Antiseptics -chloro
Antituberculars (TB) rifa-
Bisphosphonates -dronate
Neuromuscular blockers -nuim
Retinoids (anti-acne) tretin-
Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors afil
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors -lamide
Progestin (female hormone) -trel
Atypical antipsychotics -ridone
ANTIDOTES
Opioids / narcotics Naloxone (Narcan)

Warfarin Vitamin K
Heparin Protamine sulfate
Digoxin Digibind
Anticholinergics Physostigmine
Benzodiazepines Flumazenil (Romazicon)
Cholinergic crisis Atropine (Atropen)
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Acetylcysteine
Magnesium sulfate Calcium gluconate
Iron Deferoxamine
Lead Chelation agents
Lead Dimercaprol & disodium
Alcohol withdrawal chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
Beta blockers Glucagon
Calcium channel blockers Glucagon, insulin, or calcium
Aspirin Sodium bicarbonate
Insulin Glucose
Pyridoxine Deferoxamine
Tricyclic antidepressants Sodium bicarbonate
Cyanide Hydroxocobalamin

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Nu r s i n g

BROUGHT TO YOU BY Nurse

V = VOLUME THE MEDICATION IS AVAILABLE IN

A = AMOUNT OF MEDICATION REQUIRED FOR ADMINISTRATION

You should assume that all

FINAL ANSWER: 0.5 tabs FINAL ANSWER: 2 mL

LIVER FUNCTION TEST (LFT) LIPID PANEL

COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT ( CBC )

COAGs • WBC: 4,500 - 11,000 • Hemoglobin (Hgb)

• aPTT: 30 - 40 sec (heparin)

*Commit to memory! BANANAS: PHOR: 4

So, think 3.5 - 5.0

CALCIUM: 9 - 11 MAGNESIUM: 1.5 - 2.5 CHLORIDE: 95 -105

CALL 911 MAGnifying glass Think of a chlorinated pool that

BUN: 7 - 20 mg/dL CREATININE: 0.6 – 1.2 mg/dL

Think hamburger BUNs... This is the same value as

HYPERKALEMIA > 5 mEq/L HYPOKALEMIA < 3.5 mEq/L

✹ TIGHT & CONTRACTED ✹ Thready, weak, irregular pulse

uscle cramps & weakness

R espiratory distress ✹ Paresthesias

R (↑ DTR ) • Flat P waves ✹ ECG changes

✹ Monitor EKG ✹ Oral potassium supplements

✹ Initiate a potassium-restricted diet ✹ Potassium-retaining diuretic

Potassium & sodium = opposites Example: ↑ Na = ↓ K+

HYPERCALCEMIA > 11 mg/dL HYPOCALCEMIA < 9 mg/dL

C ardiac arrest (bounding pulses) S pasms & stridor

K idney stones GO NUMB n in n i

M uscle weakness ↓ (DTR) POSITIVE TROUSSEAU’S:

✹ Increased calcium absorption

✹ D/C IV or PO calcium ✹ Adm. calcium PO or IV

A client with a calcium imbalance is at risk for a

Calcium & phosphate = Inverse Example: ↑ Ca+ = ↓ Po4

HYPERMAGNESEMIA > 2.5 mg/dL HYPOMAGNESEMIA < 1.5 mg/dL

MEMORY TRICK: MAGNESIUM IS A SEDATIVE!

✹ LOW EVERYTHING AKA SEDATED ✹ HIGH EVERYTHING AKA NOT SEDATED

✹ Low HR (bradycardia) ✹ High BP (hypertension)

➥ Magnesium-containing antacids (TUMS) ➥ Malabsorption syndrome

✹ IV adm. calcium chloride or calcium gluconate ✹ n i I

Magnesium & Calcium = SAME Example: ↑ Mg = ↑ Ca+

HYPERNATREMIA > 145 mEq/L HYPONATREMIA < 135 mEq/L

HYPOVOLEMIC HYPONATREMIA: HYPERVOLEMIC HYPONATREMIA:

A n i (nausea/vomitting) 0 rthostatic hypotension

➥ Kidney problems DIURETICS I i

✹I i Airway protection (NPO)

DO NOT USE POTENTIAL PROBLEM INSTEAD, WRITE:

Mistaken for IV (intravenous)

@ Mistaken for the number “2” (two) “at”

cc Mistaken for U (units) when poorly written “mL” or “milliliters”

THE NURSING PROCESS

What the client tells the

SET SMART GOALS

symptoms INFILTRATION treatment

symptoms INFECTION treatment

• Dyspnea fluids too rapidly • Elevate the head of the bed

symptoms PHLEBITIS treatment

symptoms HEMATOMA treatment

➥ Hard & painful lump

RIGHT PATIENT RIGHT MED

RIGHT TIME RIGHT ROUTE

RIGHT DOSE RIGHT DOCUMENTATION

TYPES OF ORDERS COMMON

SINGLE "ONE-TIME" • Wrong medication

Given on a regular schedule with • Incorrect dose