4.

Digital IC Circuits

Date :08-11-2022
Roll.no:211FA05286

Aim: To draw the schematic diagram & PCB layout for a given Digital ICs based Circuits.
Apparatus: Desktop Computer with Dip Trace PCB Design Tool.
Components: Power Supply (HDR1x2), Output (HDR1x2), IC’s XOR Gate
(74AC11086N), AND Gate (74AC11008N), NOT Gate (74AC11004N).
Circuit Diagram:
Half Adder:

74HC86D Pin Diagram:

74HC08D Pin diagram:

7404N Pin Diagram:

Half Subtractor:

Procedure:
1. Open the Dip-trace Launcher Software.
2. Click on the Schematic Capture tab.
3. Place the required components on screen.
4. Connect the components as per circuit diagram.
5. Save the project file.
6. Check if any errors connections in the circuit.
7. After circuit connections, circuit will be converted into PCB layout.
8. In PCB layout, draw the height and width of the PCB by using place Board outline.
9. By using Route Manual tool, copper tracks will be draw to one pad to another
pad as per circuit diagram.
10. After route manual completion, project will be export into Gerber file and file
save as Zip Archive file.
Theory -
To understand what is a half adder you need to know what is an adder first. Adder circuit is a
combinational digital circuit that is used for adding two numbers.
A typical adder circuit produces a sum bit (denoted by S) and a carry bit (denoted by C) as
the Output.
Typically, adders are realized for adding binary numbers but they can be also realized for
adding other formats like BCD (binary coded decimal, XS-3 etc.
Besides addition, adder circuits can be used for a lot of other applications in digital
electronics like address decoding, table index calculation etc. Adder circuits are of two types:
Half adder ad Full adder
Half adder is a combinational arithmetic circuit that adds two numbers and produces a sum
bit (S) and carry bit (C) as the Output.
If A and B are the input bits, then sum bit (S) is the X-OR of A and B and the carry bit (C)
will be the AND of A and B.
From this it is clear that a half adder circuit can be easily constructed using one X-OR gate
and one AND gate.

Half adder is the simplest of all adder circuit, but it has a major disadvantage. The half adder
can add only two input bits (A and B) and has nothing to do with the carry if there is any in
the input.
So, if the input to a half adder has a carry, then it will be neglected it and adds only the A and
B bits.
That means the binary addition process is not complete and that’s why it is called a half
adder. The truth table, schematic representation and XOR//AND realization of a half adder
are shown in the figure below.

Truth table, schematic and realization of half adder NAND gates or NOR gates can be used
for realizing the half adder in universal logic and the relevant circuit diagrams are shown in
the figure below

.
 Half adder using NAND & NOR logic

HALF SUBTRACTOR:
The half-subtractor is a combinational circuit which is used to perform subtraction of
two bits. It has two inputs, X (minuend) and Y (subtrahend) and two Outputs D (difference)
and B (borrow).

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Fig 2.1 Logic Diagram of Half subtractor.

TRUTH TABLE (Half Subtractor): Practical Values:

INPUT OUTPUT
INPUT OUTPUT
Sl. No Sl. No
X Y X D YB D B
1. Off 1.Off 0 Off 0On 0 0
2. Off 2.On 0 On 1On 1 1
3. 1 0 1 0
3. On Off On Off
4. 1 1 0 0
4. On On Off Off
DESIGN:
From the truth table the expression for sum and carry bits of the Output can be obtained as,
DIFFERENCE S = AB’+BA’
BORROW C = A’B

Schematic Diagram: Half Adder

Outputs:
PCB Layout: Half Adder
Top Layer of the PCB: Half Adder

Bottom Layer of the PCB: Half Adder

 Schematic Diagram: Half Subtractor

Output:
PCB Layout: Half Subtractor
Top Layer of the PCB: Half Subtractor

Bottom Layer of the PCB: Half Subtractor

Result: By using above steps we can develop the schematic diagram & PCB layout for given
Digital ICs based Circuits.