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BWDB - 20
BWDB - 20
𝟓𝒎 𝟓𝒎 𝟓𝒎
𝟐𝟎 𝒌𝑵
Solution: 𝟑𝟎 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝟏𝟎𝒌𝑵/𝒎
𝟓𝒎 𝟓𝒎 𝟓𝒎
𝟓. 𝟓𝑲 𝟕𝟓. 𝟓𝑲
𝟓𝟎𝑲
𝑺𝑭𝑫
𝟓. 𝟓𝑲 𝟐𝟓. 𝟓𝑲
𝟐𝟓. 𝟓𝑲
𝟕. 𝟓𝑲−𝒇𝒕
𝑩𝑴𝑫
𝟐𝟕. 𝟓𝑲−𝒇𝒕
𝟏𝟐𝟓𝑲−𝒇𝒕
3. Calculate the fineness modulus (FM) of the soil sample
Sieve Size 3/8 #4 #8 #16 #30 #50 #100 #150 #200 Pan
Retained 0 20 10 30 40 30 40 20 10 0
Solution:
Sieve Retained % Retained Cumulative %
Size Retained
𝟏𝟎 + 𝟏𝟓 + 𝟑𝟎 + 𝟓𝟎 + 𝟔𝟓 + 𝟖𝟓
3/8 0 0 0 𝑭𝑴 =
#4 20 10 10 𝟏𝟎𝟎
= 𝟐. 𝟓𝟓 (ans)
#8 10 5 15
#16 30 15 30
#30 40 20 50
#50 30 15 65
#100 40 20 85
#150 20 10 95
#200 10 5 100
Pan 0 0 100
4. Calculate scour depth of river having width 500m, Unit discharge= 50 m3/s/m and
d50=0.1mm, design discharge is 80% of bank full discharge.
Solution: Here, 80
𝑞 = 50 × = 40𝑚3 /𝑠/𝑚
𝑾𝒆 𝒌𝒏𝒐𝒘 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 100
𝟏
𝟐
𝒒 𝟑
Lacey’s scour depth , 𝐑 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟓 𝒇
𝑓 = 1.76 𝑑50 = 1.76 × 0.11 = 0.56
𝟏
𝟒𝟎𝟐 𝟑
⇒ 𝐑 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟓 = 𝟏𝟗. 𝟏𝟔 𝒎
𝟎. 𝟓𝟔
We know that 𝑋𝑇 − 𝑋ത 𝑦𝑇 − 𝑦𝑛 𝑦𝑇 𝑦𝑛
𝑋𝑇 = 𝑋ത + 𝐾 𝜎𝑛−1 ⇒𝐾= = = −
𝜎𝑛−1 𝑆𝑛 𝑆𝑁 𝑆𝑛
𝑦𝑇 𝑦𝑛
⇒ 𝑋𝑇 = 𝑋ത + − 𝜎
𝑆𝑁 𝑆𝑛 𝑛−1
𝑦100 𝑦50
⇒ 5491 = − 𝜎𝑛−1 ……..(3)
𝑆𝑁 𝑆𝑁
𝑇
We also know that… 𝑦𝑇 = −[ln ln ]
𝑇−1
100
For T=100 years 𝑦100 = −[ln ln ] = 4.6
100 − 1
50
For T=50 years 𝑦50 = −[ln{ ln }] = 3.9
50 − 1
𝑦500 𝑦100
⇒ 𝑋500 − 46300 = − 𝜎𝑛−1……..(6)
𝑆𝑁 𝑆𝑁
𝑇
We also know that… 𝑦𝑇 = −[ln ln ]
𝑇−1 𝑾𝒆 𝒌𝒏𝒐𝒘 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕
100 Lacey’s regime scour depth ,
For T=100 years 𝑦100 = −[ln ln ] = 4.6 𝟏
100 − 1 𝑸 𝟑
𝐑 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟕 ×
500 𝒇
For T=500 years 𝑦500 = −[ln{ ln }] = 6.21
500 − 1 𝑸 = 𝑿𝟓𝟎𝟎 = 𝟓𝟖𝟗𝟑𝟎 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔
Now, From, (6) , we get -
𝑦500 𝑦100 𝑓 = 1.76 𝑑50𝑚𝑚 = 1.76 × 0.005 × 10 = 0.394
⇒ 𝑋500 − 46300 = − 𝜎𝑛−1
𝑆𝑁 𝑆𝑁 𝟏 𝟏
𝝈𝒏−𝟏 𝑸 𝟑 𝟓𝟖𝟗𝟑𝟎 𝟑
⇒ 𝑋500 − 46300 = 𝑦500 − 𝑦100 𝐒𝐨, 𝐑 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟕 × = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟕 ×
𝑺𝑵 𝒇 𝟎. 𝟑𝟗𝟒
⇒ 𝑋500 − 46300 = 𝟔. 𝟐𝟏 − 𝟒. 𝟔 × 𝟕𝟖𝟒𝟒. 𝟑 = 𝟐𝟒. 𝟗𝟓 ≅ 𝟐𝟓𝒎
⇒ 𝑿𝟓𝟎𝟎 = 𝟓𝟖𝟗𝟑𝟎 𝐦𝟑/𝐬
𝟑 (ans) ⇒ 𝑹 = 𝟐𝟓𝒎 (ans)
⇒ 𝑿𝟓𝟎𝟎 = 𝟓𝟖𝟗𝟑𝟎 𝐦 /𝐬
7. A retaining wall is 6m in height has a saturated backfill of soft clay. The properties of the clay are γsat= 16.5
KN/m3, and cohesion, C= 10 KN/m2 . For undrained condition (𝝓= 00) , Determine
i) Expected depth of tensile crack ii) Active Force before tensile crack iii) Active forceafter tensile crack .
Neglect the effect of water that may collect in the crack
Solution: 𝑨𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝑬𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒉 𝑷𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒆 2𝑐 2 × 10
𝑁𝑜𝑤, ℎ𝑐 = = = 1.212 𝑚
𝑷𝟏 = −𝟐𝟎 𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 𝐾𝑎 16.5 1
𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛, ℎ = 6𝑚, 𝑃1 = 𝛾ℎ𝐾𝑎1 − 2𝑐 𝐾𝐴 𝑵𝒐𝒘, 𝑨𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆 𝒂𝒇𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝑻𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒍𝒆 𝑪𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒌 = 𝟏𝟖𝟗. 𝟐 𝒌𝑵/𝒎
= 16.5 × 6 × 1 − 2 × 10 × 1 = 79𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 ans.(iii)
8. The Waramurngundi tannery with a waste water flow of 0.011 m 3/s. BOD5 is 590 mg/L discharges into the
Djanggawul creek. The creek has a 10 year, 7 day flow of 1.7 m 3/s. Upstream of the Waramurngundi tannery, the
BOD5 of the creek is 0.6mg/L. The BOD rate constants are (k)=0.115 day -1 for the Waramurngundi tannery and
3.7 day-1 for the creek . Calculate Ultimate BOD after mixing
Solution:
−𝑘𝑡
𝑩𝑶𝑫𝒕
Here, 𝐵𝑂𝐷𝑡 = 𝐵𝑂𝐷𝑢 1 − 𝑒 ⇒ 𝑩𝑶𝑫𝒖 =
𝟏 − 𝒆−𝒌𝒕
For Waramurngundi tannery
Now,
𝐵𝑂𝐷5 𝑇 590
𝐵𝑂𝐷𝑢 𝑇 = = = 1349.20 𝑚𝑔/𝐿 𝐼𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑈𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝐵𝑂𝐷 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑖𝑛𝑔, 𝐵𝑂𝐷𝑈 𝑀𝐼𝑋
1 − 𝑒 −𝑘𝑡 1 − 𝑒 −0.115×5
𝑄𝑇 × 𝐵𝑂𝐷𝑢 𝑇 + 𝑄𝐶 × 𝐵𝑂𝐷𝑢 𝐶
𝑩𝑶𝑫𝒖 𝑻 = 𝟏𝟑𝟒𝟗. 𝟐𝟎 𝒎𝒈/𝑳 𝐵𝑂𝐷𝑈 𝑀𝐼𝑋 =
𝑄𝑇 + 𝑄𝐶
For Creek 0.011 × 1349.20 + 1.7 × 0.6
⇒ 𝐵𝑂𝐷𝑈 𝑀𝐼𝑋 =
𝐵𝑂𝐷5 𝐶 0.6 0.011 + 1.7
𝐵𝑂𝐷𝑢 𝐶 = = = 0.6 𝑚𝑔/𝐿
1 − 𝑒 −𝑘𝑡 1 − 𝑒 −3.7×5
⇒ 𝐵𝑂𝐷𝑈 𝑀𝐼𝑋 = 9.27 𝑚𝑔/𝐿
𝑩𝑶𝑫𝒖 𝑪 = 𝟎. 𝟔 𝒎𝒈/𝑳
𝑩𝑶𝑫𝑼 𝑴𝑰𝑿 = 𝟗. 𝟐𝟕 𝒎𝒈/𝑳 (ans)
9. A water course has a cultivable commanded area of 1200 hectares. The intensity of irrigation for crop A is 40%
and for crop B is 35%. Both the crops being Rabi crops. Crop A has a kor period of 20 days and crop B has kor
period of 15 days. Calculate the discharge of the water course if the kor depth for crop A is 10 cm and for crop B is
16 cm.
Solution:
For Crop A
For Crop B
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 1200 × 0.40 = 480 ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑠
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 1200 × 0.35 = 420 ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑠
𝐾𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ = ∆ = 10 𝑐𝑚
𝐾𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ = ∆ = 16 𝑐𝑚
𝐾𝑜𝑟 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 = 𝐵 = 20 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝐾𝑜𝑟 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 = 𝐵 = 15 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
864×𝐵 864×20
𝑆𝑜, 𝐷𝑢𝑡𝑦 = = =1728 hectares/cumec 𝑆𝑜, 𝐷𝑢𝑡𝑦 =
864×𝐵
=
864×15
=810 hectares/cumec
∆ 10
∆ 16
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝐴 480
𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑, 𝑄𝐴 = = = 0.278 𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑐 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝐵 420
𝐷𝑢𝑡𝑦𝐴 1728 𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑, 𝑄𝐵 = = = 0.52 𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑐
𝐷𝑢𝑡𝑦𝐵 810
𝑺𝒐, 𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒆 𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒅, 𝑸𝑨 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟕𝟖 𝒄𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒄 𝑺𝒐, 𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒆 𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒅, 𝑸𝑩 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟐 𝒄𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒄
The relationships for 𝑆1 = 59.39𝑄 and 𝑆2 = 63.36𝑄 show that for the same discharge from all the wells,
more drawdown at middle well;
so using 𝑆2 ≤ 2 or 63.36𝑄 ≤ 2,
then the steady state pumping rate from each well should be 𝑄 ≤ 3.16 x 10−2 m3 ⁄s = 113 m3 ⁄hr.
𝑴𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒎𝒖𝒎 𝑷𝒖𝒎𝒑𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒆, 𝑸 = 113 m3 ⁄hr. (ans)
11. Find the pressure at A,B,C. C
1.5 m
Given that pipe diameter=2m 1-1 B
1.2 m
and discharge = 5m3/s 2m
A
Solution:
Here, 𝑄 = 𝐴𝑉
𝜋 × 22
⇒5= ×𝑉
4
⇒ 𝑽 = 𝟏. 𝟔 𝒎/𝒔 For 1-1 and B points, For 1-1 and C points,
For 1-1 and A points, 𝑃1 𝑉12 𝑃𝐵 𝑉𝐵2 𝑃1 𝑉12 𝑃𝐶 𝑉𝐶2
+ + 𝑍1 = + + 𝑍𝐵 + + 𝑍1 = + + 𝑍𝐶
𝑃1 𝑉12 𝑃𝐴 𝑉𝐴2 𝛾 2𝑔 𝛾 2𝑔 𝛾 2𝑔 𝛾 2𝑔
+ + 𝑍1 = + + 𝑍𝐴 𝑃𝐵 1.62 𝑃𝐶 1.62
𝛾 2𝑔 𝛾 2𝑔 ⇒ 0+0+0 = + +0 ⇒0+0+0= + + 1.5
𝑃𝐴 1.62 𝛾 2𝑔 𝛾 2𝑔
⇒0+0+2= + +0 ⇒ 𝑷𝑩 = −𝟏. 𝟐𝟖 𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟐
𝛾 2𝑔 ⇒ 𝑷𝑪 = −𝟏𝟔 𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟐
⇒ 𝑷𝑨 = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟑𝟒 𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟐