V IBRATIONS L AB R EPORT

Muaaz Bin Arshad

CMS 290953
ME-11A

Tuesday 13th December, 2022

Gear Train
Background
The most basic case of a gear train is the transmission of rotation
and power between two parallel shafts. This is a two-dimensional case
which allows for observation in a plane. If the transmission of rotation
should occur with a constant ratio, which means that in case of a constant
input RPM the same or different, constant output RPM is required, then it
is necessary to satisfy the following equation:
𝜔1 𝑟2 𝑁2
= =
𝜔2 𝑟1 𝑁1
Here, N is the number of teeth, 𝜔 is the angular velocity and R is the
radius of the gears.

Discussion and Applications

Gear trains are used to:
• Increase/Decrease Torque
• Increase/Decrease Angular Velocity
• Change direction of motion
They are used in different machines like:
• Engines
• Lathes
• Gearbox
• Differentials
Gear trains have different types like simple gear train, compound gear
train, reverted gear train, and planetary gear train. In the lab we used gear
train to open and close a valve and note its behavior

Belt Drive
Background
The primary purpose of belt drives is to transmit power from one
shaft to another with the help of a thin inextensible band that runs over
two pulleys. These pulleys can rotate at the same or different speeds. The
mechanical power or rotary motion is transmitted from the driving pulley
to the driven pulley. When the driver pulley rotates, it causes pulling action
to the belt due to friction and the driven pulley absorbs that pulling action
and rotates in the same direction as the driver pulley. The distance
between two pulleys causes tension on one side of the belt, called “the
tight side.” The other side of the belt will be loose and is termed “the slack
side.”
𝑑
Velocity Ratio= 1
𝑑2

Discussion and Applications

Belt drives have two types:
• Open Belt Drive
• Cross Belt Drive
In open drive system, the direction of rotation is same in both pulleys.
While in cross belt drive, it is opposite. Belt drives can also change speed
and torque of a system. They are used in:
• Milling Machines
• Lathes
• Belt conveyers
In the lab we were able to see how the direction of rotation changes
depending on the type of configuration of the belt drive.

Chain Drive
Background
A chain drive helps transmit mechanical power in machines. It is
made up of a series of pin-jointed links covered by an endless chain
wrapped around two or more sprockets. The holes in the chain links fit
over the sprocket teeth. The chain wrapped around the shaft's sprocket
revolves with the main mover, transferring mechanical power to the driven
shaft by applying mechanical force to it. As earlier:
𝜔1 𝑟2 𝑁2
= =
𝜔2 𝑟1 𝑁1
Observation and Calculations
The velocity ratio of the system is
𝑁 36
VR= 1 = =3
𝑁2 12
Sr Load W Effort P Efficiency
(Joule) 𝑊
( 𝑥100)
𝑃
𝑉𝑅
1 1 0.7 47.6
2 1.3 0.8 54.1
3 1.5 0.9 55.5
4 1.8 1 60.0
5 2 1.1 60.6
6 2.3 1.3 58.9
7 2.5 1.3 64.1
8 2.8 1.5 62.2
9 3 1.6 62.5
10 3.3 1.8 61.1
11 3.5 1.8 64.8
 Load vs Effort
4
3.5
3
2.5
Load

2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
Effort

Sample Calculation
Doing the first calculation
𝑊
𝜂=( 𝑥100)
𝑃
𝑉𝑅
Putting values
1
𝜂=( 𝑥100)
0.7
3
𝜂 = 47.61%
Discussion and Application
The graph between load and effort shows that they are both directly
related. Also, as we increased the loading, efficiency also increased
Chain Drives are commonly used in
• Bikes
• Agricultural machinery
• Compressors
• Engine camshafts