Impact of climate change &

Global warming
Climate change
• Climate change in IPCC(Inter Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change )usage
refers to a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g. using
statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties,
and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer.
• It refers to any change in climate over time, whether due to natural variability or
as a result of human activity.
• This usage differs from that in the United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change (UNFCCC), where climate change refers to a change of climate
that is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the
composition of the global atmosphere and that is in addition to natural climate
variability observed over comparable time periods.
• Global warming is just one aspect of climate change. “Global warming” refers to
the rise in global temperatures due mainly to the increasing concentrations of
greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Global warming is the increase of the
Earth's average surface temperature due to build-up of greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere.
What is the major cause of climate change ?
• Climate change is the result of carbon emissions caused by humans. Its
about people’s carbon foot print how much carbon dioxide is produced by
someone’s everyday activity .
• Some scientists especially in west, have been focusing on another issue: the
increasing number of people in the world ie overpopulation .There is link
between overpopulation and climate change .
• Generating power Generating electricity and heat by burning fossil fuels
causes a large chunk of global emissions
• Manufacturing goods Manufacturing and industry produce emissions,
mostly from burning fossil fuels to produce energy for making things like
cement, iron, steel, electronics, plastics, clothes, and other goods.
• Cutting down forests Cutting down forests to create farms or pastures, or
for other reasons, causes emissions, since trees, when they are cut, release
the carbon they have been storing
Causes of climate change
• Using transportation Most cars, trucks, ships, and planes run on fossil fuels.
That makes transportation a major contributor of greenhouse gases,
especially carbon-dioxide emissions.
• Producing food In addition to deforestation and clearing land for
agriculture and grazing, production and use of fertilisers and manure for
growing crops, and the use of energy to run farm machinery or fishing
boats, typically with fossil fuels, all contribute to the production of food,
which results in emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, and other
greenhouse gases.
• Powering buildings Globally, residential and commercial buildings consume
over half of all electricity.
• Consuming too much , how you move around, what you eat and how much
you throw away all contribute to greenhouse gas emissions
Consequences of climate change
• Rise in Sea Levels
• Increased drought Climate change is changing water availability, making it
scarcer in more regions
• Loss of species Climate change poses risks to the survival of species on land
and in the ocean.
• Not enough food With the ocean becoming more acidic, marine resources
that feed billions of people are at risk
• More health risks Changing weather patterns are expanding diseases, and
extreme weather events increase deaths
• Ozone Layer Depletion
• Hotter temperatures
• More severe storms
• Poverty and displacement
Conventions
• The beginning of the international cooperation on climate change dates back to the Stockholm
Conference 1972
• In the 1988 Toronto Conference on the Changing Atmosphere a recommendation emerged calling
on the developed countries to reduce carbon dioxide levels by 20% by the year 2005.
• The Climate Change Convention(1992) was aimed at stabilizing the GHG emissions. The convention
laid down general commitments applicable to all state parties.
• IPCC- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change was jointly established by World Meteorological
Organization and United Nations Environmental Programme.
• The IPCC has been reporting ever since on the climate change issues and coming up with new
recommendations in order to counter the negative effects.
• It is a scientific body without any political orientation and its main objective is to assess different
aspects of climate change and make them available to the public and policy makers.
• Though initially, it was taken as the most authentic source of climate change information, the IPCC
was marred by controversies necessitating the establishment of a panel of scientists and experts to
review its contents
Kyoto Protocol
• During The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, an
international environment treaty was finalised by the participating nations
for reducing green house gases in 1997 in Kyoto, Japan. This is famously
known as Kyoto Protocol
• main objective of this protocol was to reduce global warming through
collective efforts to cut greenhouse gas emissions.
• Hence, the global community created the Paris Agreement to help
developed countries meet their emission-controlling targets, taking over
the Kyoto Protocol
• The Copenhagen Summit 2009 The Copenhagen Summit meeting of 2009
proposed to take forward the Kyoto Protocol beyond the target year of
2012 and come out with binding legal agreement
Doha meet
• Doha Meet 2012 The Doha Meet of 2012 focused on five aspects of climate
change that are given below:
• i)Adaptation – social and other changes to successfully adapt to climate change.
• ii) Finance – how countries will finance adaptation to and mitigation of climate
change, whether from public or private sources.
• iii) Mitigation – steps and actions that the countries of the world can take to
mitigate the effects of climate change.
• iv) Technology – the technologies that are needed to adapt or mitigate climate
change and ways in which developed countries can support developing countries
in adopting them.
• v) Loss and damage – first articulated at the 2012 conference and in part based on
the agreement that was signed at the 2010 United Nations Climate Change
Conference in Cancun. It introduces the principle that countries vulnerable to the
effects of climate change may be financially compensated in future by countries
that fail to curb their carbon emissions.
Paris agreement
• The Paris Agreement is a legally binding international treaty on
climate change. It was adopted by 196 Parties at the UN Climate
Change Conference (COP21) in Paris, France, on 12 December 2015. It
entered into force on 4 November 2016.
• The Paris Agreement provides a framework for financial, technical and
capacity building support to those countries who need it.
Case studies of consequences of climate
change
• Central America, and especially the region known as the Northern Triangle
(Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras) is one of regions most exposed to
global heating impacts such as droughts, storms, heatwaves, and floods.
• The case of California’s drought is an especially alarming one: the drought
from 2010 to 2016 was the worst in US recorded history, and so severe that
the federal government created an entirely new classification to describe
• In 2020 ,Hurricanes displaced over 100,000 families and caused significant
economic contractions in central America.
• India is highly vulnerable to the impacts of global heating in part because of
its large population and growing economy, both of which depend on a
limited natural resource base.