Summary of unit 1

Tools
1- Sensitive balance : used to measure masses
2- beaker : used to measure volume approximately
3- glass cylinder : used to measure volume of irregular solids
4- burette : used to measure volumes accurately ( Used in titration process )
5- conical flask : used to in titration process
6- round bottom flask : used in distillation (separation of liquids from each other)
7- volumetric flask : used to prepare concentrated solutions
8- pipette : used to transport liquids
9- pH meter : used to calculate pH ( less than 7 acid , 7 neutral , more than 7 base )

Conversions :
x 103 x 103 x 103 x 103

Kilo Meter Milli Micro Nano

x 10-3 x 10-3 x 10-3 x 10-3

 As the volume of substance decrease , its solidity increase

 As the substance shrink its volume decrease with surface area increase
 As the volume of substance decrease , its electric conductivity increase
 In nano scale ( nano volume ) Ratio between surface area and volume is very large
 One nano dimensional substance (substance with 1 dimension between 1-100 nm)
As : thin films , nano wires , nanofibers ( used in making filters )
 Two nano dimensional substance ( substance with 2 dimensions between 1-100 nm)
As : carbon nano tube ( used in making elevators )
 Three nano dimensional substance ( substance with 3 dimensions between 1-100nm)
As : nanoshells , buckyball ( transport medicine to right part of body & reduced side effect)
 Nano robots used to remove blood clots from arteries

1
 Unit 2
Net Ionic equation :-
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) H2SO4 + Mg(OH)2 MgSO4 + 2H2O
H + Cl + Na + OH Na + Cl + H2O 2H + SO4 + Mg + 2OH Mg + SO4 + 2H2O
H+ + Cl- + Na+ + OH- Na+ + Cl- + H2O 2H+ + SO42- + Mg+2 + 2OH- Mg+2 + SO42- + 2H2O

H+ + Cl- + Na+ + OH- Na+ + Cl- + H2O 2H+ + SO42- + Mg+2 + 2OH- Mg+2 + SO42- + 2H2O

H+ + OH- H2O 2H+ + 2OH- 2H2O

Notes :-

- Fe examples al rkm al so8er bt3ha msh btl3o fo2 fl ions ( NO3 , NO2 , CO3 , HCO3 , PO4 , SO4 , Cr2O7 )

- lw 3andk 7aga mktob ganbha (s) , (l) , (g) msh bttfk

How to symbol of chemical compound

Magnesium nitrate Aluminum oxide
Mg NO3 Al O

2 1 3 2
Mg(NO3)2 Al2O3

Notes :
1- lw 3ndk rkmen wra b3d bt7ot bracket 2- ai 1 y2blk shelo

atom
Problems Mass ‫لو قال‬ Volume ‫لو قال‬ molecule
volume No. of
Mass In ( L ) particles
ion

No. of Molar No. of

22.4 L
No. of Avogadro
moles mass moles Moles No.

‫االرقام اللي بين اقواس‬ 6.02 x 1023

2
Molecule & atom & ion
a) molecule (‫)اكتر من حاجة ماسكين في بعض‬: Na2CO3 , H2 , Cl2 , NaCl , H2O , H2SO4 , Na2Cr2O7
b) atoms ( ‫ ) بفك اي حاجة‬:
Na2CO3 2Na + C + 3O ( 6 atom )
Na2SO4 2Na + S + 4O ( 7 atom )
KOH K +O+H ( 3 atom )
HCl H + Cl ( 2 atom ) ‫لو في رقم بره بتضربه في كل الجوة‬
4Na2SO4 8Na + 4S + 16O ( 28 atom )
5Na2CO3 10Na + 5C + 15 O ( 30 atom )
Mg(NO3)2 Mg + 2N + 6O ( 9 atom ) ‫لو في رقم علي قوس بتضربه في كل الجواه‬
3Mg(NO3)2 3Mg + 6N + 18O ( 27 atom )

c) ions ( ‫ ) بفك زي الفوق معدا االمثلة دي‬:

NO3(NO2) - OH - CO3 (HCO3) - SO4(SO3,SO2) – Cr2O7(CrO4) – ClO4 – CH3COO – PO4
‫لو لقيت مثال من دول بنزل زي مهو مش بلعب في حاجة بص كده‬
Na2CO3 2Na + CO3
H2SO4 2H + SO4
Mg(NO3)2 Mg + 2NO3 ‫لو في رقم علي قوس بتطلعه جانبه بس‬
Al(OH)3 Al + 3 OH
K2Cr2O7 2K + Cr2O7
CH3COOH CH3COO + H
Ca3(PO4)2 3 Ca + 2 PO4
2 Ca3(PO4)2 6 Ca + 4 PO4

3
 Unit 3
True Solution Colloidal Solution
Homogenous , clear Heterogeneous , Turbid
But apparently homogeneous
Particles size very small Particle size intermediate
Less than 1 nm Between 1 nm : 1000 nm
Ex. : Sugar solution , Ex. : milk - blood - hair
Salt Solution , gels - Mayonnaise
“ Cobalt ll Chloride soln “ aerosols
Suspension
Heterogeneous , Turbid
Particles size is very big
Larger than 1000 nm
Ex. :
mixture of Chalk in water
, Oil in water , kerosene

Electrolytes weak electrolyte non electrolyte

Solutions completely ionize Solutions partially ionize conduct Solutions don’t conduct
conduct electricity through electricity through movement of electricity due to absence of
movement of ions ions free ions

Ex: HCl + ( all strong acids) Ex: CH3COOH + ( all weak acids ) Ex : Glucose C6H12O6
NaOH + ( all strong bases ) NH4OH + ( all weak bases ) Ethyl alcohol (ethanol )
NaCl

Unsaturated Saturated Super saturated

Solution in which Solution in which Solution in which

solvent ( milk ) can accept solvent ( milk ) can not accept solvent ( milk ) can accept
more solute ( sugar ) more solute ( sugar ) more solute ( sugar )
without changing without changing temperature with increasing temperature
temperature ‫مينفعش ادوب سكر تاني منغير مزود‬ ‫ينفع ادوب سكر تاني بس ازود درجة‬
‫ينفع ادوب سكر تاني منغير مزود‬ ‫الحرارة‬ ‫الحرارة‬
‫الحرارة‬

NaCl in water Sugar in water Oil in benzene

On adding NaCl in water Sugar dissolves in water by Weak bond of benzene

Water separate Na from Cl hydrogen bond ( attraction ) ( nonpolar ) allow oil to
spread in its molecules
‫اعداء النجاح اشمعني هي مرتطبة و انا ال‬ ‫علشان ضعيفة في فرغات فالزيت‬
‫بيدخل في الفراغات‬

4
 No. of No. of moles of No. of No. of moles
moles solute dissolved moles of solute
in one liter of dissolved in
Molarity Volume solution Molality Mass one kilogram
of solvent

Collective properties : properties which depend on number of moles of solute ( ions )

Solute V.P B.P F.P

a) NaCl b) Na3PO4 c) H2O d) Na2CO3 V.P

2 mol 4 mol 3 mol
(c)
(a)
Each mole of ion decrease (d)
freezing point -1.86 C֯
(b)

Freezing point of NaCl = Na + Cl = 2 mol

2 x -1.86 = -3.72

Freezing point of Na3PO4 = 3 Na + PO4 = 4 mol

4 x -1.86 = -7.44

Freezing point of 0.2 M of NaCl = Na + Cl = 2 mol

0.2 x 2 = 0.4 mol
0.4 x -1.86 = -0.744

Freezing point of 0.3 M of Na3PO4 = 3 Na + PO4 = 4 mol

0.3 x 4 = 1.2
1.2 x -1.86 = -2.232

Acids and Bases

5
 Acids Bases

- turns litmus paper to red - turns litmus paper to blue

- react with base produce salt and water - react with acid produce salt and water

- Arrhenius theory :- acids dissolve in water gives H+ - Arrhenius theory :- bases dissolve in water gives OH-

HCl H+ + Cl- , H2SO4 2H+ + SO42- NaOH Na+ + OH- , Ba(OH)2 Ba2+ + 2OH-

Defects : CO2 is also acid without having H+ Defects : NH3 is also base without having OH-

- Bronsted lowry : acid gives H+ - Bronsted lowry : base takes H+

Base Conjugate acid

NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH-

Acid Conjugate base

- Lewis : acid accepts pair of electron - Lewis : Base gives pair of electron

- strong acids : - strong bases :

HCl , H2SO4 , HNO3 , HBr , HI , HClO4 KOH , NaOH , Ba(OH)2 , Mg(OH)2 , LiOH , Ca(OH)2
- weak acids : CH3COOH , H2CO3 , H3PO4 - weak bases : NH4OH
+
MonoBasic acids : acids gives 1 H in water A- metal oxides are bases i.e ends with (O) as
Acetic acid ( CH3COOH ) , Nitric acid (HNO3) Na2O , FeO , PbO , CaO , K2O , MgO ,
Formic acid (CH2O2 ) 2 HCl + FeO FeCl2 + H2O
DiBasic acids : acids gives 2 H+ in water B- Metal hydroxides are bases i.e ends with (OH) as
Carbonic acid (H2CO3) , Sulphuric (H2SO4) NaOH , Fe(OH)2 , Pb(OH)2 , Ca(OH)2 , KOH , Mg(OH)2
Oxalic ( H2C2O4 ) “ coocoo ” H2SO4 + Ca(OH)2 CaSO4 + H2O
TriBasic acid : acids gives 3H+ in water C- Metal carbonate are bases i.e ends with (CO3)
Citric (C6H8O7) , Phosphoric (H3PO4) 2 HCl + K2CO3 2KCl + H2O + CO2
HCl + KHCO3 KCl + H2O + CO2

NaCl is acidic or basic ? ( add water )

NaCl + H2O NaOH + HCl Neutral salt
Strong base Strong acid

‫كل تعبوبة هتتعبها ربنا هديك عليها درجة خد قلب علشان بحبك‬

6
 Indicator Acidic medium Neutral medium Basic Medium
Methyl orange Red Orange Yellow
Litmus Red Violet Blue
Bromothymol blue Yellow Green Blue
Phenolphthalein Colorless Colorless Pink

Salts of sodium , potassium , ammonium They all dissolve in water

Nitrates They all dissolve in water

Bicarbonates They all dissolve in water

They most dissolve in water

Sulphates Except “ calcium , barium , lead , silver sulphates

They most dissolve in cold water

- Lead chloride ( PbCl2 ) dissolve in hot water
Chloride - Mercury chloride (HgCl2) and silver chloride (AgCl)
Don't dissolve in water

They don’t dissolve in water

Carbonates Except “ sodium , ammonium , potassium “

Hydroxides All hydroxides are insoluble except

Group 1A & Barium & Calcium & Ammonium

7
 Unit 1
1) 1 mm is equivalent to ……………………
a- 1 × 106 nm b- 1 × 10−6 nm c- 1 × 10−7 nm d- 1 × 107 nm

2) A case of coronary artery blockage can be treated by using ……………………….

a-buck balls b-carbon nanotubes c-nanorobots d-nanoshell

3) Which of the following curves represents the titration of a weak base with a strong
acid?

4)The screen of the mobile phone is covered with a Nano liquid to form a thin layer on its
surface to protect it from scratching and breaking What is the type of the material used in
manufacturing this Nano liquid ?
a-Colloidal substance b-One-dimensional nanosubstance.
c-Suspended substance d-Two-dimensional nanosubstance.

5)Which of the following choices expresses the dimensions of a two-dimensional

nanosubstance ?
Choices Length Width Height
a 1.2 × 10−11 m 200 × 10−10 m 320 × 10−12 m
b 21 × 10−10 m 0.18 × 10−5 m 17.9 × 10−9 m
c 130 × 10−7 m 49 × 10−7 m 68 × 10−6 m
d 17 × 10−8 m 83 × 10−4 m 96 × 10−3 m

8
6) Which of the following prefixes does not represent its true value ?
a-Micro = 10−6 of the unit. b-Kilo = 1000 units.
c-Deci = 10 units. d-Nano = 10−9 of the unit.

7)Which of the following choices expresses the dimensions of a two dimensional nano
substance ?
Choices Length Width Height
A 1.2 × 10−11 m 200 × 10−10 m 320 × 10−12 m
B 21 × 10−10 m 0.18 × 10−5 m 17.9 × 10−9 m
C 130 × 10−7 m 49 × 10−7 m 68 × 10−6 m
D 17 × 10−8 m 83 × 10−4 m 96 × 10−3 m

8)What are the possible dimensions of the opposite figure ?

Choices Length Width Height
A 322 nm 83 nm 720 nm
B 179 nm 180 nm 11 nm
C 86 nm 94 nm 91 nm
d 196 nm 201 nm 278 nm

9)If the Nano dimensions of the bucky ball are :

(86 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟗 m / 9 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟖 m / 910 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟎 m)
Which of the following represents the possible dimensions of the particles of the medicine
transferred by this ball ?
Choices Length Width Height
A 86 nm 94 nm 910 nm
B 86 nm 90 nm 91 nm
C 250 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟎 m 27 nm 180 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟎 m
D 650 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟗 m 9 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟕 m 98 nm

10)Each million parts of a river water contains 3 parts of a toxic substance.

What is the mass of this substance in 1 kg of the water of this river ?
a-3 g b- 0.5 g c- 0.03 g d- 0.003 g

9
 Unit 2 Chapter 1
Laws problems
1)Which of the following samples has the largest mass? (N=14, H=1)
a) 1 mol of N2H4
b) 2 mol of N2
c) 3 mol of NH3
d) 25 mol of H2

2)The mass of one molecule of propanol C3H7OH equals……. (C=12, H=1, O=16)
a) 60 g
b) 6.02 x 1023 g
c) 1 x 10-22 g
d) 3.6 x 1025 g

3) Avogadro's number is symbolized by Na

What is the number of the neutrons in 2.3 g of sodium 23 Na?
a) 1.2NA
b) 1.1 NA
c) 2.3 NA
d) 23 NA

6) What is the number of molecules of oxygen in 466.6 mL sample (at STP)?

a) 1.25 × 1022 molecules.
b) 1.34 x 1022 molecules.
c) 3 x 1022 molecules.
d) 3 × 1026 molecules.

7) What is the number of nitrogen atoms in 240 g of ammonium nitrate? ( N=14, H=1, O=16)
a) 2 × 1023 atoms.
b) 6.02 × 1023 atoms.
c) 1.81 × 1024 atoms.
d) 36.12 × 1023 atoms.

9) What is the number of moles of hydrogen sulphide in 49.7 g sample of it? (S = 32, H = 1)
a) 0.686 mol b) 1.46 mol c) 83.8 mol d) 24.7 mol

10
11) Avogadro's number is .............
a) the number of the atoms in one gram of the element.
b) the number of the molecules in one gram of the compound.
c) the volume which is occupied by one mole of a gas at standard conditions
d) the number of the molecules in the gram molecular mass of the substance.

12) The volume percentage of nitrogen in atmospheric air is 78%

What is the number of moles of nitrogen in 1 L of air (at STP)?
a) 0.043 mol
b) 0.035 mol
c) 0.78 mol
d) 0.87 mol

15) What is the mass of 4 atoms of copper? (Cu= 63.5)

a) 254.2 g
b) 2.37 × 1021 g
c) 4.22 × 1022 g
d) 4.22 × 10-22 g

16) Container (A), its volume is 0.65 L, contains 3.35 mol of H2 gas, and container (B) whose
volume is 1.165 L contains (X) mol of O2 gas, both gases are exposed to the same conditions
of temperature and pressure.
What is the value of (x)?
a) 0.226 mol
b) 1.87 mol
c) 6 mol
d) 10.15 mol

17) A compound with molecular formula X4O6 each 10 g of it contain 5.72 g of the element X
What is the atomic mass of the element X? (O=16)
a) 32 amu
b) 37 amu
c) 42 amu
d) 98 amu

11
19) A mole of potassium nitrite is similar to a mole of potassium nitrate in all the following,
except
a) number of moles of O atoms.
b) number of moles of K atoms.
c) number of moles of N atoms.
d) number of moles of the ions in the aqueous solution.

20) All the chemical formulas of the compounds shown in the following table are correct,
except
Choices The compound The chemical formula
a) Aluminum oxide AL2O3
b) Calcium nitrite Ca(NO2)2
c) Iron (II) bromide Fe2Br
d) Potassium sulphite K2SO3

21) An element (X) its gram atomic mass is 16 g/mol and its electronic configuration is (2, 6),
another element (Y) its gram atomic mass is 19 g/mol and its electronic configuration is
(2, 7). What is the gram molecular mass of the compound which results from the
combination of the atoms of the two elements (X) and (Y)?
a) 54 g/mol
b) 60 g/mol
c) 70 g/mol
d) 103 g/mol

23) There are 3 samples of different gases at the same conditions of temperature and
pressure:
4 g of argon gas 3.2 g of oxygen gas. 4.4 g of carbon dioxide gas.
What is the correct relation between the volumes of these samples of the gases? (Ar = 40, O=
16, C = 12)

a) Volume of sample (1) > Volume of sample (2).

b) Volume of sample (2) > Volume of sample (3).
c) Volume of sample (1) = Volume of sample (3).
d) Volume of sample (3) > Volume of sample (1).

12
25) A sample of nitrogen gas its mass is 28 g contains. (H=1, N=14)
a) 6.02 × 1023 nitrogen atoms.
b) 1.204 × 1024 nitrogen molecules.
c) the same number of nitrogen atoms found in 17 g of ammonia.
d) the same number of nitrogen atoms found in 34 g of ammonia.

27) An unknown liquid, its molar mass equals 70 g/mol and its density is 1.2 g/mL if you
know that each 2 mL of this liquid give an average of 23 drops.
What is the number of molecules of this liquid in one drop (where NA is Avogadro's
number)?
a) (1.2/35) NA
b) 1/1.2 (1/35)2 NA
c) 1.2/ (35)2 NA
d) 1.2 NA

28) 1.24 g of the element P are found in 2.2 g of…….

a) P4S3
b) P2S3
c) PS2
d) P2S4

30) Number of atoms in half a mole of formaldehyde HCHO equals

a) Avogadro's number.
b) ½ Avogadro's number.
c) 2 x Avogadro's number.
d) ¼ Avogadro's number.

31) What is the number of the atoms in 1 mol of methanol CH3OH?

a) 6 atoms
b) 6.2 × 1023 atoms
c) 12 × 1023 atoms
d) 3.6 × 1024 atoms

13
33) Heating iron pyrite ore Fes, (roasting) is represented by the following unbalanced
equation:
FeS2 + O2 SO2 + Fe2O3
What are the coefficients of the reactants and the products respectively
a) 4, 2, 8, 7
b) 2,4, 7,8
c) 2,11, 7,8
d) 4, 11,8,2

34) Doctors advise taking vitamin C (C6H8O6) to avoid catching cold.

What is the number of moles of vitamin C in 528 g sample of it? (C= 12, H= 1,O= 16)
a) 2 mol
b) 3 mol
c) 4 mol
d) 5 mol

35) The mass of 1 molecule of methane CH4 gas in grams equals……. (C=12, H=1)
a) 2.65 × 1023
b) 2.65 × 10-23
c) 26.5 × 10-23
d) 6.02 × 10-23

37) The following reaction was carried out using 5 mol of each reactant
2KMnO4 + 5Hg2Cl2 + 16HCl 10HgCl2 + 2MnCl2 + 2KCl + 8H2O
What is the limiting reactant of this reaction?
a) KMnO4
b) HCl
c) H2O
d) Hg2Cl2

38) If the molar mass of M(OH)3 equals 78 g/mol, so the gram atomic mass of the element
(M) equals ....... (O=16, H=1)
a) 62 g
b) 59 g
c) 30 g
d) 27 g

14
39) Which of these samples contains the highest number of moles of carbon atoms?
(C = 12, H = 1, O= 16)
a) 29 g of C4H10
b) 23 g of C2H5OH
c) 22 g of CO2
d) 90 g of C6H12O6

40)What is the total number of moles of the ions found in 240 g of NH4NO3?
(N = 14, O = 16, H = 1)
a) 3 mol
b) 6 mol
c) 9 mol
d) 27 mol

41) Which of the following samples contains the same number of moles of CaSO4 in 272 g of
it? (Ca = 40, S = 32, CI = 35.5, O= 16, N = 14)
a) 142 g of chlorine gas.
b) 40 g of oxygen gas.
c) 35 g of nitrogen gas.
d) 2 g of hydrogen gas.

42)What is the number of moles of anions which combine with 138 g of the cations in
sodium carbonate salt? (Na= 23)
a) 1.3 mol
b) 3 mol
c) 6 mol
d) 23 mol

43) 0.225 g of the metal (X) reacts with oxygen gas forming 0.425 g of the compound X2O3
What is the gram atomic mass of (X)? (O=16)
a) 58 g/mol
b) 45 g/mol
c) 25 g/mol
d) 27 g/mol

15
44) Two atoms of rubidium Rb combine with one atom of oxygen O to form rubidium oxide.
What is the mass of rubidium oxide which is produced from the reaction of 1.98 g of
rubidium with excess of oxygen gas? (Rb = 85.5, O= 16)
a) 1.81 g b) 2.17 g c) 4.3 g d) 8.6 g
46)Which of the following compounds 1 mol of it requires 96 g of oxygen gas to be burnt
completely? (O=16)
a) CH3CHO
b) C2H5OH
c) C2H6
d) CH3COOH

47) The compound which the mass of its molecule = 2.93 × 10-22 g, its molar mass equals.
a) 2 g/mol
b) 567 g/mol
c) 168 g/mol
d) 176.4 g/mol

48) What is the mass of one molecule of ethanoic acid C2H4O2? (C = 12, H = 1, 0 = 16)
a) 0.1 g
b) 9.97 × 10-23,
c) 3.6 x 10-23 g
d) 60 g

49) 1 mol of nitrogen gas N2 combines with 3 mol of hydrogen gas H2 to form each of
the following, except ................ (N = 14, H = 1)
a) 2 mol of NH3
b) 34 g of NH3
c) 2 x 6.02 x 1023 molecules of NH3
d) 17 g of NH3

50) Number of the atoms in 0.5 mol of acetic acid CH3COOH equals
a) Avogadro's number.
b) double Avogadro's number.
c) four times Avogadro's number.
d) eight times Avogadro's number.

16
51) What is the number of atoms of oxygen in 0.1 mol of CuSO4.5H2O?
a) 5.42 x 1022 atoms.
b) 2.41 × 1023 atoms.
c) 6.02 × 1023 atoms
d) 5.42 × 1023 atoms.

52) Number of atoms in 1.25 mol of NO2 equals ......

a) 22.575 × 1023 atoms
b) 18.06 × 1023 atoms
c) 3.75 atoms
d) 3 atoms

53) 4 g of sodium hydroxide contain (Na = 23, 0 = 16, H = 1)

a) 6.02 × 1023 atoms of H
b) 4 g of atoms of Na
c) 4 mol of NaOH
d) 6.02 × 1022 atoms of Na

54) The number of atoms of phosphorus vapor in 100 g of it equals ........... (P = 31)
a) 1.94 x 1024 atoms.
b) 8.45 × 1025 atoms.
c) 4.85 × 1023 atoms.
d) 2.2 x 1023 atoms.

55) What is the length of the line which results from arranging the atoms of carbon which
are present in 0.12 g of it, knowing that the diameter of carbon atom = 0.7 mm? (C = 12)
a) 4.214 × 1021 m
b) 4.214 × 1012 m
c) 2.107 × 1021 m
d) 2.107 × 1012 m

57) Two balloons have the same volume (at STP), the first is filled with helium gas, and the
other with argon gas.
Which of the following statements represents correctly both of them?
a) Helium balloon contains higher number of atoms than argon balloon.
b) Helium balloon contains lower number of atoms than argon balloon.
c) Helium balloon contains the same number of atoms as argon balloon.
d) Helium balloon has higher mass than argon balloon.

17
58) Which of the following is an application of Avogadro's postulate ?
(C=12, H=1)
a) 11.2 L of O2 gas contains the same number of molecules found in 11.2 Lof H2 gas.
b) 1 liter of Cl2 gas contains the same number of atoms found in 1 liter of SO2 gas.
c) The volume which is occupied by 26 g of C2H2 gas is larger than that occupied by 2 g of
H2 gas.
d) The volume of 1 mol of CH4 gas is lower than the volume of 1 mol of NH3 gas.

59) Which of the following is an application of Avogadro's postulate?

a) Oxygen atom is 16 times heavier than hydrogen atom.
b) 1 cm3 of each of Ar, O2 and NH3 gases contains the same number of molecules at 80 K
and 1 atm.
c) Volume of hydrogen gas increases by increasing its number of moles at constant
temperature and pressure.
d) A mole of any gas such as CH4 gas contains 22.4 L (at STP).

60) The gas which the volume of 0.6 g of it = 80 mL (at STP), its molar mass =
a) 340 g/mol
b) 310 g/mol
c) 168 g/mol
d) 85 g/mol

61) What is the mass of 0.25 L of the gas (X) (at STP) whose molar mass = 62.7 g/mol?
a) 0.69 g
b) 0.35 g
c) 0.07 g
d) 0.035 g

62) The largest mass of oxygen gas among the following is the mass of ............... (O = 16)
a) 1 molecule
b) 11.2 L
c) 1 mol
d) 1 atom

18
69) which of the following is the sum of the volumes of the gas and the vapor (at STP)
produced from burning 5 g of methane gas CH4? (C = 12, H = 1)
a) 5L
b) 7L
c) 14L
d) 21 L

70) Two closed vessels contain chlorine gas at the same conditions of temperature and
pressure, so if the first vessel whose volume = 1.3 L contains 6.7 mol of gas.
What is the number of moles in the second vessel whose volume = 2.33 L?
a) 0.452 mol
b) 3.74 mol
c) 12 mol
d) 20.3 mol

71) Which of the following examples is an application of Avogadro's law?

a) When 3 balloons contain equal numbers of H2, O2 and Cl2 molecules, their volumes will
be equal at the same temperature and pressure.
b) The balloon which contains H2 gas, its volume increases by increasing temperature at
constant pressure.
c) The volume of a balloon decreases with decreasing the number of moles of Ar gas in it
at constant temperature and pressure.
d) The volume of a piston which contains neon decreases by increasing the pressure at
constant temperature.

Equations problems
4) mol of ethene gas burns according to the equation:
C2H4(g) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(v) + 2H2O(v)
Ethene Oxygen
What is the number of the moles of the gases and the vapours which are found at the end of
the reaction of 1 mol of ethene gas with 4 mol of oxygen gas?
a) 2 mol b) 3 mol c) 4 mol d) 5 mol

19
5) Substance (A) reacts with substance (B) to produce the two substances (X) and (Y)
according to the equation:
2A + 3B X + 2Y
What are the amounts of the remaining reactants and those of the products produced from
the reaction of 2 mol of (A) with 1 mol of (B)?

Choices (A) (B) (X) (Y)

a) 4/3 mol 0 1/3 mol 2/3 mol
b) 1/3 mol 2/3 mol 0 4/3 mol
c) 1/6 mol 4/3 mol 0 1/3 mol
d) 2/3 mol 0 4/3 mol 1/6 mol

8) 10 g of hydrogen gas react with excess oxygen gas according to the equation:
2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(v)
What is the reacted volume of oxygen gas (at ST) and the mass of the produced water vapor
from this reaction? (H=1, O=16)
Choices Reacted volume of O2 Mass of H2O
a) 2.5 L 5L
b) 5L 5L
c) 56 L 90 L
d) 80 L 120 L

10)20 mL of carbon monoxide gas combust in excess oxygen gas according to the equation:
2CO(g) + O2(g) 2CO2
What is the produced volume of carbon dioxide gas (at STP)?
a) 20 mL
b) 40 mL
c) 60 mL
d) 80 mL

20
13) Ammonia gas reacts with oxygen gas according to the unbalanced equation:
NH3(g) + O2(g) NO(g) + H2O(V)
What is the number of oxygen moles required to react completely with 6.8 g of ammonia
gas? (N=14, H=1)
a) 0.5 mol
b) 2.5 mol
c) 1 mol
d) 5 mol

14) In the reaction represented by the equation:

2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(v)
What is the mass of oxygen gas which reacts completely with 4 g of hydrogen gas?
(O=16, H=1)
a) 8 g
b) 10 g
c) 16 g
d) 32 g

18) Butane C4 H10 burns according to the reaction:

2C4H10(g) + 13O2 (g) 8CO2(g) + 10H2O(v)
Which of the following represents the correct ratio between oxygen and butane gases as
reactants?
a) 13 g O2 / 2 g C4H10
b) 13 mol O2 / 2 mol C4H10
c) 26 g O2 / 14 g C4H10
d) 26 mol O2 / 14 mol C4H10

22) In the reaction:

6Li(s) + N2(g) 2Li3N(s)
What is the number of moles of lithium required to react with excess of nitrogen gas to
produce 0.6 mol of lithium nitride?
a) 0.2 mol
b) 0.3 mol
c) 0.4 mol
d) 1.8 mol

21
24) Substance (A) reacts with substance (B) according to the hypothetical equation:
3A + B C+D
What is the limiting reactant of the reaction of 2 mol of (A) with 1 mol of (B)?
a) (A) / As its molar mass is the smallest.
b) (A) / As all its moles are consumed in producing the least number of products moles.
c) (B) / As the number of its moles is less than the number of moles of (A).
d) (B) / As 3 molecules of (A) react with 1 molecule of (B).

26) Ethane gas reacts with oxygen according to the equation:

2C2H6(g) + 7O2(g) 4CO2(g) + 6H2O(v)
What is the volume of CO, gas (at STP) which is produced when 4 L of ethane gas react with
excess of oxygen gas?
a) 2L
b) 3L
c) 4L
d) 8L

29) According to the reaction: 2Al(s) + 6NaOH(aq) 2Na3AlO3(aq) + 3H2(g)

What is the volume of the evolved hydrogen gas (at STP) when 27 g of aluminum [AI = 27]
react with excess of sodium hydroxide?
a) 22.4 L
b) 44.8 L
c) 67.2 L
d) 33.6 L

32) Ammonia gas reacts with oxygen gas according to the following unbalanced equation:
NH3 + O2 NO2 + H2O
What is the number of moles of oxygen in the balanced equation?
a) 1 mol
b) 3 mol
c) 4 mol
d) 7 mol

36) Aluminum reacts with hydrochloric acid according to the equation:

2Al + 6HCI Al2CI6 + 3H2
What is the mass of hydrogen produced from the reaction of 25 g of aluminum with excess of
hydrochloric acid? (AI = 27, H = 1)
a) 0.41 g b)1.2g c)1.8 g d) 2.8 g

22
45) On passing water vapor over red hot coke, the following reaction occurs:
H2O(V) + C(S) CO(g) + H2(g)
What is the number of moles of the gases remaining in the reaction medium when 9 g of
water vapour react with excess coke "assuming that the reaction container is closed?
(H = 1,0 = 16, C = 12)
a) 0.5 mol
b) 1 mol
c) 2 mol
d) 3 mol

56) In the reaction: AlCl3(aq) + 3NaOH(aq) AI(OH)3(aq) + 3NaCl(aq)

When 1 mol of aluminum chloride is added to 1 mol of sodium hydroxide.
What is the number of moles of the substance remaining at the end of the reaction?
a) 1 mol
b) 1/3 mol
c) 2/3 mol
d) 1/4 mol

63) According to the reaction:

2NO(g) + O2 2NO2(g)
What is the volume of NO2 gas which is produced from the reaction of 20 mL of NO gas with
excess of oxygen gas at the same temperature and pressure?
a) 10 mL
b) 15 mL
c) 20 mL
d) 30 mL

64) The volume of hydrogen which is required to produce 11.2 L of water vapor (at STP)
equals
a) 68.2 L
b) 11.21
c) 44.8 L
d) 22.4 L

23
65) When 14 g of CO gas react with excess of oxygen, the volume of CO2 gas which is
produced equals (at STP) (C = 12, 0 = 16)
a) 89.6 L
b) 11.2L
c) 44.8 L
d) 22.4 L

66) 0.3 g of magnesium reacts with excess hydrochloric acid according to the equation:
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl(2)(aq) + H2(g)
What is the mathematical relation of the calculation of the volume of evolving hydrogen gas
(at STP)? (Mg=24)
a) 0.3 x 2.24 / 24 L
b) 0.3 x 22.4 / 24 L
c) 0.3 x 24 / 22.4 L
d) 24 / 0.3 x 22.4 L

67) According to the reaction:

2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g)
If you know that atmospheric air contains 20% by volume oxygen gas. What is the volume of
atmospheric air (at STP) which is required to react with 10 L of SO2 gas?
a) 2 L
b) 5 L
c) 10 L
d) 25 L

68) 20 mL of CO gas burn in 40 mL of O2 gas in a closed vessel according to the equation:

2CO(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g)
What is the total volume of the gases (at STP) in the vessel after the end of the reaction?
a) 20 mL
b) 40 mL
c) 50 mL
d) 80 mL

24
 Unit 2 chapter 2
1) 29.3 g of the element (X) are separated from 660 kg of molybdenite ore.
What is the mass percentage of (X) in the ore?
a) 0.0044%
b) 0.0022%
c) 0.0011%
d) 0.0001%
2) In which of these compounds is the mass percentage of carbon the largest (C=12, H=1)
a) C2H2
b) C2H4
c) C3H8
d) C4H10
3) These compounds are similar in all the following, except (C=12, H=1, O=16, S=32)
 CH3CH2CH2COOH
 OHCCH2CH2CH2OH
 CH3CHCHCH2SH
a) the mass percentage of carbon and hydrogen in each of them only.
b) their molar masses only.
c) that each of them contains 3 elements only.
d) the number of atoms of the elements.
4) One mole of a compound contains 5 mol of carbon atoms, and they represent 40% of the
mass of the compound. What is the molar mass of this compound?
a) 30 g/mol
b) 67 g/mol
c) 150 g/mol
d) 210 g/mol
5) A sample of hematite ore Fe2O3 its mass is 2.4 g, if the mass percentage of oxygen
in it is 30.1%
What would be the mass of iron which can be extracted from it?
a) 1.2 g
b) 1.68 g
c) 1.98 g
d) 2.2 g

25
6) What is the chemical formula of the oxide of nitrogen which contains 63.64% by mass
nitrogen? (N = 14, O=16)
a) NO
b) N2O
c) NO2
d) N2O4
7)What is the empirical formula of the oxide of sulphur which contains 50% by mass
sulphur? (S = 32, O= 16)
a) SO3
b) SO2
c) S2O4
d) SO
8)What is the empirical formula of the hydrocarbon which contains 0.05 mol of carbon and
0.1 mol of hydrogen?
a) CH4
b) CH2
c) CH
d) C2H
9) compound consists of 3 elements in the following percentages:
C = 72%
H= 12%
O= 16%
What is the ratio of the number of moles of carbon C: the number of moles of hydrogen (H)
in the empirical formula of this compound? (C = 12, H= 1, O = 16)
a) 1:1
b) 1:2
c) 1: 6
d) 6:1
10) An ionic compound is composed of 29.08% sodium, 40.56% sulphur and 30.36% oxygen.
What is the formula of sulphur ion in this compound? (Na = 23, S = 32, O = 16)
2-
a) S2O3
b) S2O42-
c) S2O52-
d) S2O62-

26
11) Which of the following represents a chemical compound whose molecular molar mass
equals its empirical molar mass?
a) C6H6
b) N2H4
c) H2O2
d) N2O5
12) The molar mass of a compound = 88 g/mol
What is the probable empirical formula of this compound? (C=12, H=1, O = 16)
a) CH2
b) CH2O
c) CH3O
d) C2H4O
13) A compound contains 3 elements in the following percentages:
 C = 60%
 H=8%
 O= 32%
What is the possible molecular formula of this compound?
(C = 12, H= 1, O = 16)
a) C5H8O2
b) C5H4O
c) C6HO3
d) C7HO4
14) 2.4 g of element (X) combined completely with 1.6 g of oxygen forming a compound with
the molecular formula XO2 What is the gram atomic mass of the element (X)?
(O= 16)
a) 24 g/mol
b) 27 g/mol
c) 35 g/mol
d) 48 g/mol

27
15) An organic compound with empirical formula CHCI, and its molar mass = 291 g/mol
What is the number of moles of carbon atoms in one mole of this compound?
(C = 12, H = 1, CI = 35.5)
a) 1 mol of atoms.
b) 3 mol of atoms.
c) 6 mol of atoms.
d) 12 mol of atoms.
16) During the chemical analysis of a hydrocarbon gas, it was found that each carbon atom in
it is binded to two hydrogen atoms.
What is the molecular formula of the gas, if its density equals 1.25 g/L? (C= 12, H = 1)
a) CH2
b) C2H4
c) C2H6
d) C4H8
17) 11.9 g of CHCI3 react with excess of chlorine gas to form 10.2 g of CCI4 according to the
equation: 2CHCI3 + 2Cl2 2CCI4 + 2HCI
What is the percentage of the actual yield? (C = 12, H = 1, CI = 35.5)
a) 100%
b) 33.2%
c) 66.5%
d) 86%
18) 29 g of butane gas C4H10 are burnt in excess of oxygen gas forming 0.9 g of water vapor
H2O What is the percentage of the actual yield of water vapor? (C = 12, H = 1, O = 16)
a) 0.02%
b) 2%
c) 10%
d) 36%
19) According to the reaction: C6H12O6 2C5H5OH + 2CO2
On adding 100 g of yeast to 1 mol of C6H12O6, 32.3 g of C2H5OH are formed.
What is the percentage of the actual yield of C2H5OH? (C = 12 , H = 1, O = 16)
a) 35.1%
b) 17.5%
c) 100%
d) 32.3%

28
20) What is the percentage of the actual yield of the reaction of 2.5 mol of Fe(NO3)3 with 3.6
mol of Na2CO3 to form 6.3 mol of NaNO3 according to the reaction:
2Fe(NO3)3 + 3Na2CO3 Fe2(CO3)3 + 6NaNO3
a) 50%
b) 84%
c) 87.5%
d) 100%
21) One of the students added a solution which contains 1 g of silver nitrate to another
solution which contains 1 g of sodium chloride, hence a precipitate of silver chloride was
formed, when its mass (after washing and drying) was calculated, it was found to be 0.732 g
What is the percentage of the actual yield of silver chloride?
(Ag =107.87, N =14, O = 16, Na = 23, CI = 35.5)
a) 100%
b) 87.14%
c) 25.72%
d) 12.86%
22) In the reaction: CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g)
On heating 20 g of an impure sample of CaCO3 (its molar mass = 100 g/mol), 8.4 g of CaO (its
molar mass = 56 g/mol) are produced.
What is the percentage of the purity of calcium carbonate?
a) 15%
b) 25%
c) 55%
d) 75%
23) What is the empirical formula of the metal (M) oxide if the mass percentage of oxygen in
it is 40%? (M = 24, O = 16)
a) M2O
b) MO
c) M2O3
d) M2O4
24) The empirical formula of a chemical compound is CH2 and its molar mass is 56 g/mol
What is the molecular formula of this compound? (C = 12, H = 1)
a) CH2 b) C2H4 c) C3H6 d)C4H8

29
25) The following table shows the mass percentages of the elements of a compound:
Element Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen
percentage 26.7% 2.2% 71.1%
What is the empirical formula of this compound? ( C=12, H=1, O=16)
a) CHO2
b) C2H2O4
c) CHO
d) C2H2O2

26) 1 mol of ethanol C2H6O is oxidized by potassium permanganate solution which is

acidified with sulphuric acid, forming ethanoic acid C2H4O2 the percentage of the actual yield
is 60%
What is the mass of ethanoic acid which can be actually collected from the oxidation of 2.3 g
of ethanol? (C = 12 ,H = 1, O= 16)
a) 1.32 g
b) 1.8 g
c) 1.38 g
d) 3g

27) What is the mass percentage of hydrogen in chlorous acid HICIO2(H = 1, CI = 35.5, O = 16)
a) 1.92%
b) 25%
c) 23.4%
d) 1.46%
28) Which of the following formulas represents an empirical formula?
a) N2O4 b) C3H6 c) NH3 d) P4H10

29) Ethanol (its molar mass is 46 g/mol) is prepared from ethylene (its molar mass is 28
g/mol) according to the equation:
C2H4 + H2O C2H5OH
Ethylene Ethanol
So, if you know that 28 g of ethylene yield 43.7 g of ethanol.
What is the percentage of the actual yield?
a) 64%
b) 95%
c) 84%
d) 156%

30
30) In which of the following molecular formulas is the mass percentage of hydrogen the
smallest? (C = 12 ,H = 1, O= 16)
a) CH2O2
b) C3H6O
c) C2H6O
d) CH2O

31) In the reaction:

C6H5OH + 3Cl2 C6H2Cl3OH + 3HCl
Compound (A) Compound (B)
When 50 g of the compound (A) react with excess chlorine gas, 97.6 g of the compound (B)
are formed.
What is the percentage of the actual yield? (C = 12 ,H = 1, O= 16, CI = 35.5)
a) 92.9%
b) 51.2%
c) 49.4%
d) 47.6%

32) What is the empirical formula of the compound that contains 85.6% of carbon and 14.4%
of hydrogen? (C = 12 ,H = 1)
a) CH
b) CH2
c) CH3
d) CH4

34) An experiment was carried out to find the molecular formula of an unknown compound
which contains three elements (A), (B) and (C), it was found that the mass percentage of the
element (A) is 40% and that of the element (B) is 12% What is the molecular formula of this
compound, knowing that it is also the empirical formula?
(A = 40, B = 12, C = 16)
a) ABC3
b) A3BC
c) AB3C
d) A2B2C

31
35) An ionic compound is composed of 29.08% of sodium, 40.56% of sulphur and 30.36% of
oxygen.
What is the formula of sulphur ion in this compound? (Na = 23 , S = 32, O = 16)
2-
a) S2O3
b) S2O42-
c) S2O52-
d) S2O62-

32
 Unit 3 chapter 1
1) Which of the following conditions make the dissolving process of 50 g of sugar in 100 g
of water the fastest?
choices From of the sugar Temperature
A Powder 40℃
B Powder 80℃
C Cubes 40℃
D Cubes 80℃

2) On dissolving 7.1 g of Na2SO4 (its molar mass = 142 g/mol) in water, 0.5 L of…………..
a-2.5 × 10-2 M solution is produced. b-1 × 10-1 M solution is produced.
c-1 × 10 M solution is produced. d-1 × 102 M solution is produced.

3) Which of the following aqueous solutions of the nonvolatile substance (𝚾) has the
highest boiling point ? A solution that contains……..
a- 1 mol of (Χ) in 2 kg of water b-2 mol of (Χ) in 1 kg of water
c-1.5 mol of (Χ) in 1.5 kg of water d-0.5 mol of (Χ) in 1 kg of water

4) Which of the following solutions has the highest ability to conduct electricity?
a-0.1 M HCl b-1 M LiOH c-2 M H3PO4 d- 2 M C2H5OH

5) Which of the following equally concentrated solution has the lowest freezing point ?
a-Potassium sulphate b-Sodium chloride c-Urea d-Glucose

6) Which of following sugary solutions is likely to be saturated after the complete

dissolution of the sugar cubes in water ?

7) After stirring a sample of copper (ІІ) sulphate in water, ……………….

a- a solution is formed b- a suspension is formed
c- a colloid is formed d- a heterogeneous mixture is formed

33
 8) Two drops of bromothymol blue and phenolphthalein indicators were added to two
samples of two different solutions, pH value of each of them is 2
Which of the following represents the colour formed with each indicator ?

choices Bromothymol blue Phenolphthalein

a Blue Pink
b Blue Colourless
c Yellow Pink
d Yellow Colourless

9) The opposite graphical figure shows the effect

of changing the temperature on the solubility
of the solute (S) in two different solvents (X)
and (Y), it is clear from this figure that the
solubility of the solute (S) ………….
a-in the two solvents (X) and(Y) is the same.
b-in the solvent (X) is generally higher than in
the solvent (Y).
c-in the solvent (Y) is generally higher than in
the solvent (X).
d-in the solvent (X) is not affected by raising the temperature.

10) Which of the following colloids are formed from the dispersion of a liquid in a solid?
a-Hair gel, cheese and butter b-Milk, hair gel and blood.
c-Aerosol, hair gel and mayonnaise. d-Myonnaise, hair gel and cheese

11) What is the total number of moles of H+ found in 2.5 L of phosphoric acid whose
concentration is 0.7 M ?
a- 0.233 mol b- 2.1 mol c- 5.25 mol d- 3 mol

12) All the following aqueous solutions almost have the same boiling point, except …
a-10 mL of 0.1 M NaCl solution. b-20mL of 0.05 M NaCl solution.
c-20 mL of 0.07 M MgCl2 solution. d-13.33 mL of 0.07 M MgCl2 solution.

34
13) 16.4 g of HF dissolve in water forming a solution whose volume is 2×102 mL and its
concentration is …………. [H= 1, F= 19]
a-0.82 M b-0.16 M c-0.08 M d-4.1 M
14)What is the type of the compound Which dissolves in water and does not dissolve in
benzene?
a-Polar only. b-Nonpolar only c-Polar or nonpolar d-Polar or ionic

15)35.5 mL of an aqueous solution contain 22.5 g of sucrose (its molar mass = 342 g/mol).
What is the molarity of this solution?
a-0.0657 M b-1.85×10-3 M c-1.85 M d-0.104 M

16) The separating funnel shown in the opposite figure is used to separate the
components of the mixture of …………………..
a-cobalt (ІІ) chloride in water.
b-aqueous solution of cobalt (ІІ) chloride in kerosene.
c-milk
d-copper (ІІ) sulphate in water.

17)What is the molarity of the solution whose volume is 0.5 L , and contains 0.2 mol of NaOH?
a-0.1 M b- 0.2 M c-2.5 M d-0.4 M

18)By comparing the freezing point of 1 m sodium nitrate solution with that of 1 m calcium
nitrate solution, the freezing point of …………
a-both solutions are equal as they are equally concentrated.
b-calcium nitrate solution is lower as it contains the higher number of ions.
c-sodium nitrate solution is lower as it contains the higher number of ions.
d-calcium nitrate solution is lower because its molar mass is larger

35
19)In which of the following aqueous solutions – all have the same molal concentration – the
depression in the freezing point is the most?
a-CH3OH b-NaF c-MnSO4 d-(NH4)2SO4

20)container (A), its volume is 0.65 L, contains 3.35 mol of H2 gas, and container (B)whose
volume is 1.165 L contains (𝓧) mol of O2 gas, both gases areexposed to the same conditions
of temperature and pressure.What is the value of (𝓧) ?
a-0.226 mol b-1.87 mol c-6 mol d-10.15 mol

21)Nitric acid is a strong acid, because………

a-it dissolves in water and H+ concentration in the solution equals OH- concentration.
b-it does not ionize in water on dissolving in it.
c-it ionizes completely in water into H+ , NO3- ions.
d-it is neutralized by a strong base only.

22)H2O(s) is classified as ………..

a-an ionic compound. b-a covalent compound.
c-a homogeneous mixture. d-a heterogeneous mixture.

23)Nickel-chromium (nickel chrome) alloy is a ……………..

a-solution. b-suspension. c-colloid. d-heterogeneous mixture.

24)Which of the following is a mixture?

a-NaCl(L) b-NaCl(aq) c-H2O(v) d-H2O(s)

25) A crystal of potassium chloride is formed of……………

a-KCl molecules. B-Cl and K atoms. C-Cl+ and K- ions d-Cl- and K+ ions

36
26)What is the mass of the solution of glucose C6H12O6 whose concentration is 10% and
contains 1 mol of the solute? [C=12, H =1,O =16]
a-1 kg b-1.8 kg c-200g d-900g

27)If the solubility of a salt in water equals (20 g/100 g of H2O) at a certain temperature.
What is the mass of the salt required to be added to 300 g of water to obtain a saturated
solution at the same temperature?
a-20 g b-40 g c-60 g d-80 g

28)In the opposite graph.

What is the mass percentage concentration of
the solution at 20 ℃ ?
a-20 %
b-23.1 %
c-42.8 %
d-30 %

29)According to the reaction: 4FeCl2(aq) + 3O2(g) → 2Fe2O3(s) + 4Cl2(g)

What is the volume of 0.76 M solution of FeCl2 which reacts completely with 6.36 × 1021
molecules of oxygen ?
a-5.26 × 103 mL b-10.7 mL c-10.4 mL d-18.5 mL

37
30)Which of the following solutions contains the highest number of moles of the solute ?
a-10 mL of 0.5 mol/L NaCl solution. b-20 mL of 0.4 mol/L NaCl solution.
c-30 mL of 0.3 mol/LnaCl solution. d-40 mL of 0.2 mol/L NaCl solution.

31)What is the mass of Na2S2O3 .5H2O which is required to form 200 mL of an aqueous solution
with concentration 0.1 mol/L ?
a-3.16 g b-4.96 g c-24.8 g d-31.6 g

32)The opposite graph represents the solubility

curves of both potassium nitrate KNO3 and
potassium chloride KCl in water.
Which of the following explains these two
solubility curves?
a-The solubility’s of the two salts are equal at 25℃
b-The solubility of KNO3 is always higher than that
of KCl
c-The solubility of KCl increases significantly by
increasing the temperature
d--The solubility of KNO3 is the highest at 56℃

33)If the boiling point of one mole of water changes by 0.5℃ on dissolving one mole of the
ions of a solute in it, hence the boiling point of the molal aqueous solution of potassium
phosphate would be……………….
a-100.5℃ b-99.5℃ c-98℃ d-102℃

38
34)On dissolving 14 g of a substance (𝚾) in an amount of water, a solution is formed it
volume= 2000 mL and its concentration= 0.25 mol/L
What is the molar mass of the substance (𝚾) ?
a-14 g/mol b-28 g/mol c-56 g/mol d-70 g/mol

35)What is the concentration of the chloride ions in 1 L of a solution in which 2.08 g of BaCl2
salt are dissolved? [ Ba=137, Cl=35.5 ]
a-0.01 M b-0.012 M c-0.02 M d-2.08 M

36)Which of the following solutions of table sugar in water has the lowest boiling point?
a-2 mol/kg b-1 mol/kg c-0.5 mol/kg d-0.1 mol/kg

37)Which of the following aqueous solutions of the substance (𝚾) which is nonvolatile has the
highest boiling point ?
a-A solution contains 1 mol of (Χ) in 2 kg of water.
b- A solution contains 2 mol of (Χ) in 1 kg of water.
c- A solution contains 1.5 mol of (Χ) in 1.5 kg of water.
d- A solution contains 0.5 mol of (Χ) in 1 kg of water.

38)The freezing point of ammonium sulphate solution which contains 396 g of the salt in 1000
g of water equals …………. [ N= 14, H=1, S=32, O=16 ]
a- -1.86℃ b- 2.72℃ c- -16.74℃ d- -27.9℃

39)If the freezing point of a molal solution of a salt is -9.3℃

What is the probable chemical formula of this salt ?
a-Na3PO4 b-Al2(SO4)3 c-NH4Br d-MgCl2

39
40)The opposite figure represents the relation between the
boiling points and the vapor pressures of four different
solutions. Which of the following compounds forms the molal
solution which is referred to by the letter (A) ?
a-BaCl2 b-C6H12O6
c-C12H22O11 d-NaCl

41)Which of the following pairs of solutions – both have the same molal concentration- the
difference between their boiling points is the highest?
choices Solution (𝚾) Solution (Y)
A Glucose Sodium chloride
B Sodium chloride Aluminum nitrate
C Potassium carbonate Potassium nitrate
D Aluminum nitrate Glucose

40
 Unit 3 Acids and bases
1)Which of the following represent the weak acid and base?
Choices Weak acid Weak base
A. H2SO4 NaOH
B. HNO3 KOH
C. HCl Ca(OH)2
D. H2CO3 NH4OH

4)Which of the following substances react with water forming bases each contains two
hydroxide ions?
a) SO2, CO2 and NO2
b) Li, Na and K
c) Mg, Ca and Ba
d) O, S and Se

6)The solution with the lowest pH value is produced from mixing..........

a) H2O with NH4OH
b) HNO2 with KOH
c) HCl with Na2CO3
d) NHO3 with NaOH

7)Each of the following acids when dissolves in water, it can yield more than one proton,
except………
a) Oxalic acid
b) Sulphuric acid
c) Carbonic acid
d) Acetic acid

8)Which of the following compounds is a strong acid?

a) H2CO3
b) KOH
c) HClO4
d) HClO

41
9)Which of the following acids has the highest pH value?
a) 0.1 M HCl
b) 0.2 m HCl
c) 0.1 M CH3COOH
d) 0.15 m HNO3

10)Which of the following solutions has the highest ability to conduct electricity?
a) 0.1 M HCl
b) 1 M LiOH
c) 2 M H3PO4
d) 2 M C2H5OH

11) Sodium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide are similar in all the following except that
both of them…….
a) Are bases
b) Dissolve in water yielding OH- ions
c) Ionize completely in water
d) React with hydrochloric acid

12) Nitric acid is a strong acid, because…….

a) It dissolves in water and H+ concentration in the solution equals OH- concentration
b) It does not ionize in water on dissolving in it
c) It ionizes completely in water into H+, NO3- ions
d) It is neutralized by a strong base only

13) What is the compound which dissolves in water forming a solution that has a relative
ability to conduct electricity?
a) C2H5OH
b) C6H12O6
c) C12H22O11
d) CH3COOH

14) Each of the following is among the properties of lactic acid, except that it
a) is found in yogurt.
b) is a weak acid.
c) is an organic acid.
d) reacts with sodium to form salt and water.

42
15) Which of the following equally concentrated solutions is the best electrical conductor?
a) HF
b) HBr
c) HCN
d) H2SO3

16) Nitric acid is similar to acetic acid in that they both are
a) organic acids.
b) mineral acids.
c) strong acids.
d) monobasic acids.

17) Each of the following is a strong base, except ........

a) Ba(OH)2
b) KOH
c) Be(OH)2
d) LiOH

18) What is the number of the types of salts that citric acid can form?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

19) What is the pair of the equally concentrated solutions which represents a weak base and
a strong acid respectively?
a) NH4CI, HCI
b) NH3, HCl
c) NH3, NaOH
d) NaOH, HI

20) Which of the following ions produces gas bubbles on adding hydrochloric acid to its solid
salt?
a) Zn2+
b) SO42-
c) Cl-
d) HCO3-

43
22) The acidic solution whose concentration is 0.01 M and pH = 2 is probably
a) H2CO3
b) HNO3
c) CH3COOH
d) H3PO4

23) Which of the following turns the color of litmus indicator into blue?
a) Vinegar.
b) Baking soda solution.
c) Orange juice.
d) Soft drink.

24) Which of the following solutions that are equally concentrated has the highest ability to
conduct electricity?
a) H2S
b) H2SO4
c) H2SO3
d) H2CO3

25) The test tube which contains sulphuric acid solution includes
a) H2SO4 molecules only.
b) H2SO4 molecules, HSO4- and H+ ions.
c) HSO4- SO42- and H+ ions.
d) H2SO4 molecules, HSO4- and SO42- ions.

26) What is the acid whose molecule contains 4 hydrogen atoms only one of them is a
replaceable hydrogen atom?
a) Sulphuric acid.
b) Acetic acid.
c) Formic acid
d) Oxalic acid.

27) Which of the following solutions has the highest ability to conduct electricity?
a) 0.1 M HCl
b) 1 M NaOH
c) 2 M H3PO4
d) 2 M C2H5OH

44
28) Which of the following is a monohydric base (contains one hydroxyl group)?
a) NH4OH
b) HOH
c) CH3COOH
d) Mg(OH)2

29) Which of the following includes weak acids and bases only?
a) Ba(OH)2, CH3NH2, CH3COOH
b) C3H7COOH, CH3CH2NH2, HCOOH
c) NH3, HNO3, CH3CH2COOH
d) NH3, NaOH, H2CO3

30) Dissolution of the substance XH3 in water is represented by the following equation:
XH3(aq)+H2O XH4+(aq)+OH-
What is the type of the substance XH3?
a) Strong acid. b) Strong base. C) Weak acid. d) Weak base.

31)of the following substances its aqueous solution has the highest concentration of
hydroxide ions?
a) PO43-
b) NH4+
c) HCO3-
d) H2CO3

32) Which of the following statements indicates that the substance (X) is an alkali?
a) When it dissolves in water, it yields positive hydrogen ions.
b) It neutralizes acids forming salt and water, with the evolution of CO2 gas.
c) On heating (X) solution with ammonium chloride, NH3 gas evolves.
d) solution reacts with acids and H2 gas evolves.

33) Which of the following statements represents correctly a colorless solution with pH 9?
a) H+ ions concentration in it is higher than that of OH- ions, and gives blue color with
litmus indicator.
b) H+ ions concentration in it is higher than that of OH- ions, and gives orange color with
methyl orange.
c) H+ ions concentration in it is lower than that of OH- ions, and gives blue color with litmus
indicator.
d) H+ ions concentration in it is lower than that of OH- ions, and gives red color with methyl
orange.

45
34) On testing an aqueous solution with methyl orange and phenolphthalein indicators, they
gave the results which are illustrated in the opposite table.
What is the approximate value of pH of this solution?
a) 6
b) 7
c) 2.7
d) 11.7

35) Which of the following is a property of the weak acidic aqueous solution only?
a) It changes the colors of all chemical indicators.
b) It has pH value less than 7 and higher than 2
c) It reacts with ammonium salts forming ammonia gas.
d) It reacts with all bases forming salt and water only.

36) Which of the following - equally concentrated solutions - has the lowest pH value?
a) Ammonia solution.
b) Acetic acid solution.
c) Lithium hydroxide solution.
d) Nitric acid solution.

37) pH value of 0.1 M NaOH solution =

a) 0.1
b) 1
c) 8
d) 13

46
 Unit 3 theories of acids
1)which of the following is not an Arrhenius acid?
a- H2C2O2 b- H2PO4- c- H2O d- HNO3

2)All the following are Bronsted-Lowry bases, except………..

a- OH- b- NH4+ c- NH3 d- H2O

3) Which of the underlined items in the following equations represents a Lewis acid?
a- H2O + HPO42- ⇌ H2PO4- + OH- ( two correct answers )
+ +
b- H + NH3 ⇌ NH4
c- NO2- + H3O+ ⇌ HNO2 + H2O
d- NH4+ + HS- ⇌ H2S + NH3
e- NH3 + BF3 ⇌ NH3 + BF3

4) Which of the following represents the weak acid and base ?

choices Weak acid Weak base

a H2SO4 NaOH
b HNO3 KOH
c HCL Ca(OH)2
d H2CO3 NH4OH

5) which of the following pairs does not represent a conjugate acid and its base respectively
a- NH4+ , NH3 b- HPO42- , PO43- c- SO42- , HSO4- e- Cl- , HCl

6)Which of the following compounds is an Arrhenius acid ?

a- HBr b- NaOH c-NaBr d- NH3

7) In the opposite equation : HF + H3O+ ⟶ H3O+ + F-

Which of the following is correct ?
a- H2O represents the base , HF represents the conjugate acid.
b- H2O represents the acid , HF represents the conjugate base.
c- HF represents the acid , F- represents the conjugate base.
d- HF represents the base , H3O+ represents the conjugate acid.

47
8) which of the following represents a pair of conjugate acid and base ?
a- H3PO4 and PO3- b- H2PO4- and HPO42- c- H3PO4 and HPO42- d- H2PO4- and HPO42-

9) The conjugate base of water is ……………….

a- O2- b- OH- c- H3O+ d- H2O2

10) In the following equation : C6H5NH2(aq)+ H2O(L) ⇌ C6H5NH3+ (aq) + OH-(aq)

Reactants and products can be classified as follows :…………………..
a-Acid + Base ⇌ Acid + Base b- Acid + Base ⇌ Base + Acid
c- Base + Acid ⇌ Acid + Base d- Base + Acid ⇌ Base + Acid

11) Which of the following ions can not behave as a base and as an acid in different
reactions?
a- HPO42- b- SO32- c- HC2O4- d- HSO4-

12) Which of the following equations represents the behavior of a strong Arrhenius acid?
a- CaO(s) + H2O ⟶ Ca(OH)2(S) b- RbOH(aq) ⟶ Rb+(aq) + OH-(aq)
𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
2+
c- Co(OH)2(S) → C𝑜(𝑎𝑞) + 2OH-(aq) d- HClO4(aq) + H2O(L) ⟶ ClO-4(aq) + H3O+(aq)

13) H2PO-4 acts as an acid in the equation…………..

a- H3PO4 + H2O ⇌ H3O+ + H2PO4- b- H2PO4- + H2O ⇌ H3O+ +HPO42-
C- H2PO4- + OH- ⇌ H3PO4 +O2- d- HPO42- + OH- ⇌ H2PO4- + O2-

14) The conjugate base of bicarbonate group is…………………….

a- HCO3- b- CO2 c- CO32- d- H2CO3

15)In the reaction which is represented by the following equation:

H2PO4- + H2O ⇌ H3PO4 + OH-
The two bronsted- Lowry acids in both reaction directions are …………………….
a-H2O and OH- b- H2PO4- and OH- c- H2O and H3PO4 d- H2PO4- and H3PO4

16)Ammonia NH3 is a weak base which ionizes in water, according to the equation:
NH3(g) + H2O ⇌ NH4+ (aq) + OH-(aq)
What is (are) the substance(s) which exist(s) in the aqueous of ammonia?
a- OH- only b- NH3 only c- NH4+ and OH- only d- NH3, H2O , NH4+ and OH-

48
17) in the reaction : H2S(aq) + CH3NH2(aq) ⇌ HS-(aq) +CH3NH3+ (aq)
Which of the following represents this reaction?
a-H2S is H+ ion donor , while CH3NH2 is H+ ion acceptor
b- CH3NH2 is H+ ion donor , while H2S is H+ ion acceptor
c- Both HS- and CH3NH3+ are H+ ion donors
d- Both HS- and CH3NH3+ are H+ ion acceptors

18) In the following equation : HCl(g)+H2O(L) ⟶ H3O+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

Which of the following statements represents what happens in this reaction ?
a- Chloride ion is formed by gaining an electron from water
b- Hydrogen chloride molecule loses an electron forming chloride ion.
c- Water gains a proton from hydrogen chloride.
d- Water donates a proton to hydrogen chloride

19) The conjugate acid of the base HAsO42- is………………………

a- H3O+ b- AsO3- c- H3AsO4 d-H2AsO4-

20) What is the conjugate base of the acid H2BO3- ?

a-BO33- b-H3BO3 c- HBO32- d- H3BO2+

21) Arrhenius theory for defining the acid is not applied to …………….
a-HF in water. b- HCl in water c- HSO-4(aq) d- I2 in dichlorethane.

22) Adding HCL acid to pure water results in ………………….

a- increasing the concentrations of both H+ and OH-
b- increasing the concentrations of H+ , and decreasing that of OH-
c- decreasing the concentrations of both H+ and OH-
d- decreasing the concentrations of H+ , and increasing that of OH-

23) The conjugate base of ethanol C2H5OH is ……………..

a-CH3CH2OH b- C2H5OH2 c- CH3CH2O- d- CH3OCH3

24) All the following are Bronsted – Lowry acids , except…………….

a- CH3COO- b- HCO3- c-HSO3- d- NH4+

49
25) Which of the following pairs does not represent a conjugate acid and its base
respectively?
a- NH4+ , NH3 b- H2S ,HS- c- H3O+ ,H2O d- NH2- , NH3

26) which of the following ions can not behave as a base and as an acid in different reactions
a-H2PO4- b- CO32- c- HCO3- d- HSO4-

27)Water acts as a Bronsted – Lowry acid when it reacts with…………………….

a- NH3 b- H2S c- HCN d- HNO3

28) Sulphuric acid H2SO4 ionizes in water in two steps , represented by the two following
equations:
- H2SO4(aq) + H2O(L) ⟶ H3O+(aq)+ HSO4- (aq)
- HSO4- (aq) + H2O(L) ⟶ H3O+(aq) + SO42- (aq)
What is the conjugate base of HSO4- (aq) ion ?
a- H2O(L) b- H3O+(aq) c- H2SO4(aq) d- SO2-4(aq)

29) Bisulphate anion HSO4- reacts in water as an acid and as a base.

What is the reaction in which bisulphate anion acts as an acid?
a- HSO4- + H2O ⟶ H2SO4 + OH- b- HSO4- + H3O+ ⟶ SO3 + 2H2O
b- HSO4- + OH- ⟶ H2SO4 + O2- d- HSO4- + H2O ⟶ SO42- + H3O+

1)Arrange the following acids ascendingly according to the number of the types of their salts:
-Phosphoric acid. -Acetic acid. -Oxalic acid
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)choose with explanation, one or more of the following substances that can be present in a
test tube which contains phosphoric acid :

PO43- HPO42- H2PO4- H3PO4

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

50
3)Among the known ions are : NH+4 , Na+ , HCOO- , NO3- , Br-
What is (are) the formula(s) of the salt(s) which the pH value(s) of its (their) solution(s) is
(are) lower than 7 ?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4) In the chemical reaction illustrated by the following equation :

CH3COOH(aq) + NH3(g) ⇌ CH3COO(aq)- + NH4(aq)+
Relate each compound or ion in the previous equation with the appropriate term from the
following :

Conjugate base Acid Conjugate acid Base

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5)In this reaction : NH3(g) +H2O(L) ⇌ NH4(aq)+ + OH(aq)-
What does each of the following represent in the light of Lewis concept of acids and bases :
1- Ammonia gas.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- Water.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6) The following equation equation represents the concepts of acid and base :
NH4(aq)+ + PO4(aq) ⇌ 𝑵̈H3(aq) + HPO4(aq)2-
In the light of your studying for the three theories defining acids and bases
Determine the name(s) of theory(ies)
Which explain(s) the acid and the base in this equation.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

51
 7) The following ions can form several salts :

Na+ NH4+ Cl- CO32-

Conclude the chemical formula of the salt that dissolves in water forming:
1- A solution its pH equals 7 (……………………….)
2- A solution its pH is less than 7 (……………………….)
3- A solution its pH is more than 7 (……………………….)
8) Arrange the following acids ascendingly according to their number of basicity :
H3BO3 / HCN / H2SO3
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

9)Deduce the conjugate acid and the base according to Br𝐨̈ nsted-Lowry theory in the
following equation : CH3COOH + H2O ⇌ CH3COO- + H3O+
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10) What is the conjugate acid of HPO42- ion ?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
11) From the following radicals :
CH3COO- SO42- Na+ NH4+

Deduce the chemical formula of the salt, which dissolves in water forming a solution with pH
value higher than 7
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12) Illustrate with a symbolic equation only the definition of an acid in the light of Arrhenius
theory.
What is the change that happens to water which contains
Some drops of methyl orange indicator by adding the acid to it ?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

52
13)Complete the following equation : H2SO4(aq) + H2O(L) ⟶ ----------------- + H2O(aq)+
Why is water classified in this process as a base ?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14)There are two solutions which are equally concentrated, solution (A) of potassium
hydroxide and solution (B) which is NH3 gas dissolved in water.
Why is there a difference in the electrical conductivity between the two solution?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

15) Among the well known chemical compounds are :

-Magnesium hydroxide. – Magnesium oxide
1- Illustrate with symbolic equations only a similarity between the two compounds.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2-Why is magnesium hydroxide described as a base and not an alkali, while magnesium oxide
is described as a base and an alkali ?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

53
 120
16)in the opposite graph.
100
Which of the illustrated compounds (A , B , C , D or E)
80

Axis TIonization percentage (%)itle

represents the ionization of an organic acid in water ? why ?
60
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
40
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
20
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A B C D E
Axis TitConcentration
(mol / L)

17) Determine the acid and the base in the reaction which is represented by the following
equation :
C2H5 Cl
..
C2H5 − O − C2H5 + AlCl3 → 𝑂̈ − Al − Cl
..
C2H5 Cl
Salts
1) The following solutions are equal in concentration which of them is alkaline?
a- MgCl2 b-K2CO3 c- NaNO3 d-(NH4)2SO4

2) If the chemical formula of one of the chromium salts is Cr(NO3)3 , so what is the
probable formula of the corresponding chromium oxide ?
a-CrO b-CrO2 c-Cr2O3 d-Cr3O2

3) If the chemical formula of the mental M sulphate is M2(SO4)3 , so the chemical formula
of this metal phosphate is……………………
a-M(HPO4)2 b-M3(PO4)2 c-M2(PO4)3 d-MPO4

4) Whuch of the following formulas of the salts of phosphoric acid is incorrect?

a-K3PO4 b-CaPO4 c-NaH2PO4 d- MgHPO4

5) Which of the following sodium compounds is not a salt ?

a-Sodium formate b-Sodium hydroxide c-Sodium carbonate d-Sodium acetate

54
6) Which of the following acids does not form acidic salts ?
a-Nitric acid b-Carbonic acid c-Hydrochloric acid d-Sulphuric acid

7) Acids are the main cause of the continuous corrosion of the teeth enamel , so calcium
monophosohate Ca(H2PO4)2 which is found in the teeth enamel is a(an)………………..
a-basic substance b- amphoteric substance
c- acidic substance d- neutral substance

8) Which of the following substances dissolves in water forming 1 M solution which has
the minimal PH value ?
a- Ammonium chloride b- Ammonium acetate
c-Sodium acetate d- Sodium chloride
+ - -
9) The ios (K / CN / Br ) can produce two types of salts.
Which of the following are the probable pH values of these two salts?
a-3 and 5 b- 7 and 12 c- 3 and 7 d- 9 and 11

10) What is the number of the types of salts that citric acid can form ?
a-1 b-2 c-3 d-4

11) Which of the following curves represents the titration of a weak base with a strong
acid?

12) Which of the following salt solutions contains hydroxide ions in concentration higher
than that of hydrogen ions ?
a- Ba(NO3)2 b-NaClO4 c-CH3COOK d-CuSO4
13) The value of pH of an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid = 2
What is the value of pH of the solution which is produced from adding 10 g of NaCl to
this acid ?
a-pH = 1 b-pH = 2 c-pH = 7 d-pH = 9

55
14) Passing or the dissolution of some compounds in pure water changes the pH value
which of the following is incorrect ?
choices The substances added to The change in pH value
water
a CO2 Decreases below 7
b NaCO3 Rises above 7
c NaCl Rises above 7
d NH4Cl Decreases below 7

15) The following solutions are equally concentrated.

What is the correct graduation of their pH values ?
a-NaCl < NH4Cl < NaCN < HCl b- HCl < NH4Cl < NaCl < NaCN
c- NaCN < NH4Cl < NaCl < HCl d-HCl < NaCl < NaCN < NH4Cl

16) On mixing two equal volumes of H2SO4 and NaOH solutions , each of M concentration ,
the produced solution……………
a- Is acidic b- has pH = 7 c- is alkaline d- has pH > 7

17) Among the well known ions are : (Cl- / SO42- / CH3COO- / K+ / NH4+)
Which of the following two salts the pH values of their solutions are less than 7 ?
a-NH4Cl , CH3COOK b-(NH4)2SO4 , NH4CL
c-K2SO4 , KCl d-CH3COONH4 , K2SO4

18) What is the graphical figure which represents the process of the addition of NaOH
solution?

19) Which of the following choices describes the aqueous solution of KNO3 salt ?
a-Neutral b-Strong alkaline c-Weak alkaline d-Weak acidic

56
20) On dissolving ammonium perchlorate salt NH4ClO4 in water, the formed solution
is………
a-acidic b-neutral c-basic d-amphoteric

21) All the chemical formulas of the compounds shown in the following table are
correct,except……………
choices The compound The chemical formula
a Aluminum oxide Al2O3
b Calcium nitrite Ca(Na2)2
c Iron (ɪɪ) bromide Fe2Br
d Potassium sulphite K2SO3

22) What does happen on mixing two equal volumes of 0.2 M K2CO3 solution with 0.2 M
Na3PO4 solution ?
a-No precipitate is formed b-A precipitate of K3PO4 is formed
c-A precipitate of Na2CO3 is formed d-Precipitates of K3PO4 and Na2CO3 are formed

23) Which of the following equally concentrated solutions is the best electrical conductor?
a-HF b-HBr c-HCN d-H2SO3

24) The reaction of a metal with the acids is represented by the ionic equation :
M(s) + 2H(aq)+ → M(aq)2+ + H2(g)
Which of the following metals does not undergo this reaction ?
a-Iron b-Sodium c-Magnesium d-Lead

25) What is the solution which acquires red colour when drop of methyl orange are added
to it ?
a-Sodium carbonate solution b- Sodium chloride solution
c-Ammonium chloride solution d-Potassium hydroxide solution

26) On placing a piece of zinc in an aqueous solution of copper (ІІ) chloride, …………….
a-no change in the concentrations of the ions occurs
b-Cl- ions concentration increases
c-Cu2+ ions concentration increases
d-Zn2+ ions concentration increases

57
 Exam (1) Evaluation 2019
Choose the correct answer :
1) which of the following solutions has higher boiling point ? ………..
a) 1 M sodium carbonate b) 2 M sodium Carbonate
c) 1 M Iron (III) chloride c) 2 M iron (III) chloride

2) number of atoms in half a mole of formaldehyde HCHO equals ………….

a) Avogadro’s number b) half Avogadro’s number
c) 2 x Avogadro’s number d) ¼ Avogadro’s number

3) on dissolving 55.5 g of CaCl2 in water to form a solution its volume = 0.5 L

What is the concentration of this solution …………. ( Ca = 40 , Cl=35.5)
a) 1M b) 0.5 M c) 2 M d) 1.5 M

4) what is the molecular formula of compound A , B , C where A = 40% , B = 12% what is the
molecular formula knowing that it is also its empirical ( A = 40 , B = 12 , C = 16 )
a) ABC3 b) A3BC c) AB3C d) A2B2C

5) solution X , Y have the same molal concentration so solution X ……… is while Y is ……..
a) sodium chloride / glucose Boiling point
b) sodium chloride / aluminum nitrate X
c) potassium carbonate / aluminum nitrate
Y
d) potassium carbonate / glucose
concentration
6 ) CH3COO- , SO42- , Na+ , NH4+
Form a salt which has higher pH than 7
a) CH3COONa b) (NH4)2SO4 c) Na2SO4 d) CH3COONH4

7) arrange the following acids ascending order according to their number of Basicity
H3BO3 , HCN , H2SO3
a) HCN , H3BO3 , H2SO3
b) H3BO3 , H2SO3 , HCN
c) HCN , H2SO3 , H3BO3
d) non of them

58
8) which is conjugate acid and which is base according to bronsted lowry
CH3COOH + H2O CH3COO- + H3O
a) CH3COO acid while H3O base b) CH3COOH base while H2O acid
c) CH3COOH acid while H2O base d) non of them

9) which represent organic acid ionization

A
a) A b) B c) C d) D B
D
C

Concentration

10) calculate number of moles of iron (lll) oxide Fe2O3 produced from heating 456 g of iron
(ll) sulphate FeSO4 according to the equation ( Fe = 56 , S = 32 , O = 16 )
2 FeSO4 Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3

59
 Exam(2) Evaluation 2020
1) What is the number of atoms in 1 mol of methanol CH3OH ? ……..
a) 6 atoms b) 6.2 x 1023 atoms c) 12x1023 atoms d) 3.6 x 1024 atoms

2) What is the number of moles of oxygen in the balanced equation

NH3 + O2 NO2 + H2O
a) 1 mol b) 3 mol c) 4 mol d) 7 mol

3) What is the balance of the following equation FeS2 + O2 SO2 + Fe2O3

a) 4,2,8,7 b) 2,4,7,8 c) 2,11,7,8 d) 4,11,8,2

4) Vitamin C (C6H8O6) to avoid catching gold what is the moles in vitamin C 528 g of it ….
a) 2 mol b) 3 mol c) 4 mol d) 5 mol ( C=12,H=1,O=16)

5) Which of the following turns litmus to blue …………..

a) Vinegar b) baking soda c) orange juice d) soft drinks

6) Ca(H2PO4)2 which is found in the teeth enamel is ……… substance

a) Basic b) Amphoteric c) acidic d) neutral

7) Which of the following acids does not form acidic salt ? ……….
a) Phosphoric acid b) carbonic acid c) hydrochloric acid d) sulphuric acid

8) Four beakers contain 500 mL of water , each beaker contain different amount of sugar
beaker 1 beaker 2 beaker 3 beaker 4
150 g 250 g 450 g 0.5g

Which beaker is more saturated solution ? …………….

a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

9) 2Al + 6 HCl Al2Cl6 + 3H2 (Al=27,H=1)

What is the mass of hydrogen produced from reaction 25g of Al with excess HCl
a) 0.41g b) 1.2g c) 1.8g d) 2.8g

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10) On using 5 mole of each reactant what is the limiting reactant
2 KMnO4 + 5 Hg2Cl2 + 16 HCl 10 HgCl2 + 2 MnCl2 + 2KCl + 8H2O
a) KMnO4 b) HCl c) H2O d) Hg2Cl2

11) Which is correct about the following equation HF + H2O H3O+ + F-

a) H2O base , HF is conjugate acid b) H2O acid , HF conjugate base
c) HF acid , F is conjugate base d) HF base , H3O+ conjugate acid

12) Compound contain 29.08% of sodium , 40.56% of sulphur , 30.36% oxygen

What is the formula of this compound ( Na = 23 , S = 32 , O = 16 )
2- 2- 2-
a) S2O3 b) S2O4 c) S2O5 d) S2O62-

13) What is choice which represent by ionic equation H+ + OH- H2O ? …….
(1) CH3COOH + NaOH 2) HNO3 + Mg(OH)2
(2) H3PO4 + Ba(OH)2 4) HCl + KOH
(3) H2CO3 + LiOH
a) Reaction 1 only b) reaction 1 , 4 , 5 c) reaction 2 , 3 d) reaction 4 only

14) Which of the following choices represent net ionic equation of

reaction nitric acid with aluminum hydroxide
a) 3H+(aq) + Al(OH)3(s) Al3+(aq) + H2O(l)
b) 3HNO3(aq) + Al(OH)3(s) Al(NO3)3(aq) + 3H2O(l)
-
c) HNO3(aq) + OH (aq) NO3-(aq) + H2O(l)
d) H+(aq) + OH-(aq) H2O(l)

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 Exam (3) Exam 2019
Volume
1- which of the following is more solid
( A – B – C – D)

coppers
A B C D

2- what is the number of moles of ammonia produced on reaction of 13.6 L of hydrogen

N2 + 3H2 2NH3
a) 0.4 mol b) 0.8 mol c) 3 mol d) 5 mol

3- all of the following are examples of true solution or colloidal solution except ….
a) Oil and vinegar b) blood c) kerosene and salt d) paintings

4- all of the following are salts of monobasic acids except

a) (CH3COO)2Fe b) Fe(NO3)2 c)FeCl2 d) COO
Fe
COO
5- what is the molarity of 80 g of sodium hydroxide in 1 L ( Na = 23 , O = 16 , H = 1 )
a) 3 mol/L b) 2 mol /L c) 10 mol/L d) no correct answer

6- which of the following represent buckyball

A B C D
3 x 10-3 1 x 10-9 2 x 10-9 1 x 10-9
2 x 10-9 3 1.5 x 10-9 3 x 10-3
3 x 10-9 2 x 10-3 2 x 10-9 1 x 10-2

7- On adding 6 mol of H2 to 2 mole of O2 what is the mass of H2O produced ( H=1,O=16)

a) 18g b) 36 g c) 108 g d) 72 g

8- use the following Radicals to produce salt with pH higher than (7)
CH3COO- , Cl- , Na+ , NH4+ , NO3-
a) CH3COONa b) NaCl d) NH4Cl d) NH4NO3

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9- student needed to determine volume of HCl 0.1 M required to be added to 30 mL of NaOH
with unknown concentration till reach end point what is the tool needed …..
a) Pipette b) round bottom flask c) burette d) cylindrical flask

10- calculate the mass of water in this reaction ( H = 1 , O = 16 )

2NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2H2O
a) 18 g b) 36 g d) 48 g d) 90 g

11- mass of oxygen required to oxidize 6 g of magnesium ( Mg = 24 , O = 16 )

a) 2g b) 4g c) 6g d) 8g

12- some sugar dissolved in water , some of the sugar precipitated in the bottom
what is the type of this solution
a) Suspension b) unsaturated c) super saturated d) saturated

13- number of potassium ions present in 100 g of potassium sulphate ( K = 39 , S = 32 , O = 16 )

23 23
a) 230 ions b) 13.8 x 10 ions c) 115 ions d) 6.9 x 10 ions

14- 0.1M of HCl is added 0.1M of K2CO3 what is the color of phenolphthalein
a) Pink b) yellow c) white d) colorless

15- two elements Z , X combined together their masses 1.4 g , 4 g respectively

What is the formula of this compound ( X = 16 , Z = 14)
a) ZX2 b) ZX c) Z2X2 d) Z2X5

16- what is the freezing point of sodium carbonate

a) -5.58 C b) -3.72 C c) -1.86 C d) 0 C

63
 Exam (4)Exam 2020
Choose the correct answers
1) which represent hardness of copper and and size of particles
size size size size

Hardness of copper Hardness of copper Hardness of copper Hardness of copper

2) Number of atoms in one mole of water equals ………..

a) Half of Avogadro’s number b) double of Avogadro’s number
c) 3 times Avogadro’s number d) Avogadro’s number

3) Color of phenolphalien change into pink when adding ……….

a) NH4Cl b) Na2CO3 c) CH3COONH4 d) NaCl

4) The chemical formula of compound whose freezing point is ( -5.58 C ) is ……..

a) Sodium chloride b) sodium carbonate c) aluminium sulphate d) sodium nitrate

5) Compound have 40% A & 12% B , what is the chemical formula ( A = 40 , B= 12 ,C= 16 )
a) A3BC b) ABC3 c) AB3C d) A2B3C

6) To determine volume of hydrochloric acid in neutralization reaction we don’t use ……..

a) Pipette b) burette c) conical flask d) round bottom flask

7) All the next are mono proton except ………..

a) (CH3COO)2Fe b) Fe(NO3)2 c) FeCl2 d) (COO)2Fe

8) 4.4 g of ……. Gas occupy 2.24 L at STP ( C = 12 , N = 14 , O = 16 , S = 32 )

a) NO b) CO2 c) SO2 d) CO

9) All the next mixture represent colloidal or true solution except ………….
a) OH b) blood c) salt and kerosene d) paintings

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10) Number of sulphate ions produced when 342 g K2SO4 dissolve in water …. Ions
(K=39,S=32,O=16)
23 23 24 23
a) 0.602 x 10 c) 0.903 x 10 c) 1.204 x 10 d) 1.595 x 10

11) Two sample of (H2,O2) have the same …………..

a) Number of moles b) mass c) molecules d) moles and molecules

12) Molarity of citric acid ( C6H8O6 ) when 1.8 g of it dissolves in 125 mL of water
a) 0.08 mol/L b) 0.8 mol/L c) 0.16 mol/L d) 8 mol/L

13) The percentage of iron mass in iron (lll) oxide Fe2O3 ……….. ( O=16 , Fe = 56 )
a) 30% b) 60% c) 70% d) 40%

14) Arrhenius acid increases ……… ion in solution

a) H+ b) OH- c) CO2 d) H2O

15) 6CO2 + 2H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 ( C = 12 , O = 16 , H = 1 )

If 3 mol of carbon dioxide consumed , so the mass of glucose produced equal …….
a) 80 b) 90 c) 100 d) 110

65
 Exam (5) Exam 2021
1) Substance is more tough if diameter of its particles is ……..
a) 5 x 10-5 mm b) 5 x 10-2 micro c) 5x10-9 m d) 5 x 10-7 m

2) Using antibiotic that has side effect on health cells of body and chemistry science
contributes to solve this problem by using ………….
a) Nano fibers b) nano shell c) carbon tubes d) buckyball

3) On reaction of solution contains 12.04 x 1023 molecule of sodium hydroxide with quantity
of HCl , 18 g of water was produced according to reaction what is the limiting
NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O (l)
a) H2O b) HCl c) NaOH d) NaCl

4) Number of water molecules produced from the combination of 1 mol of oxygen with 2
mol of hydrogen is ………..
a) 3 x 6.02x1023 b) 2x6.02x1023 c) 6.02x1023 d) 4x6.02x1023

5) Electric conductivity of carbon molecules is as greater as possible when the size of its
molecules is ……….
a) 14 x 10-3 m b) 3x10-9 m c)26x10-5 m d) 25x10-4 m

6) From equation 1 N2 + 2O2 2NO2

if you have 1 mole of oxygen reacted with nitrogen and a quantity of oxygen remained
unreacted so what is the number of moles of nitrogen
a) 2 mol b) 0.5 mol c) 1.5 mol d) 0.25 mol

7)what is the number of molecules present in 16 g of O2 gas at STP equals the same number
of molecules of ……………. ( Ne = 20 , C = 12 , O = 16 , Ar = 36 , Cl = 35.5 )
a) 20 g of neon gas b) 40 g of argon gas
c) 22 g of CO2 gas d) 71 g of chlorine gas
8) which graph represent volume of carbon particles and its electrical conductivity
conductivity conductivity
100 100

50 50
volume volume
0 0
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9)
substance 1st dimensional 2nd dimensional 3rd dimensional
A 50 cm 50 micro meter 50 mm
B 50 cm 50 nm 20 nm
C 50 x 10-9 cm 50 x 10-9 m 500 x 10-10 m
D 50 cm 50 x 10-6 m 50 x 10-6 m

Which of the following express nanowires in electronic circuits ? ………

a) A b) B c) C d) D

10) On reaction of 34 g of ammonia with 18.25 g of HCl so , the remaining mass is ……..
HCl + NH3 NH4Cl ( Cl = 35.5 , N = 14 , H = 1 )
a) 36.5g of HCl b) 25.5g of NH3 c) 17g of NH3 d) 18.25g of HCl

11) 2 FeO ½ O2 + Fe2O3

calculate mass of iron (lll) oxide produced on heating 36g of iron (ll) oxide ( Fe = 56 , O = 16)
a) 80 g b) 40 g c) 50 g d) 60 g

12) MgO + 2 HCl MgCl2 + H2O ( Mg = 24 , Cl = 35.5 , O = 16)

Calculate mass of MgO which reacts with excess of HCl to produce 190 g of MgCl2
a) 80 g b) 40 g c) 50 g d) 60 g

13) 2 HgO 2Hg + O2

Calculate the number of moles of O2 gas which is produced on heating 108.25 g of HgO
( Hg = 200.5 , O = 16 )

a) 80 g b) 8 g c) 800 g d) 8000 g

67
 Exam (6) 2021
1- Which of the following solutions has the lowest freezing point if they have same
concentration
a) NaCl(aq) b) C6H12O6(aq) c) Na2CO3(aq) d) AlCl3(aq)

2- All the next mixture represent colloidal or true solution except ………….
b) OH b) blood c) salt and kerosene d) paintings

3- A , B , C , D are four substances the dimensions of each of them as follows

A = 12 nm B = 50 x 10-5 m C = 80 x 10-9 m D = 1 x 10-9 m
Which of the previous substances doesn’t show unique nano properties
a) A b) B c) C d) D

4- the opposite table shows diameter of some particles in nanometer

Mixture A B C D
size of particles 1200 400 0.5 0.25
Which of these mixture can be distinguished by naked eye
a) A b) B c) C d) D

5- person with blocked coronary artery can be treated with ……….

a) carbon nanotube b) buckyball c) nanorobot d) nanoshells

6- the components of wireless nano devices are connected with wires ………..
a) whose particles dimensions are 3 nm , 2 nm , 1 nm
b) whose three dimensions are in the nanoscale
c) which have one nano dimension
d) whose particles dimensions are 3 nm , 2 nm , 1 nm

7- if 78 g of potassium combines with 16 g of oxygen by heating , so the formula of

compound Is ……………. ( K = 39 , O = 16 )
a) K2O2 b) KO c) KO2 d) K2O

8- substance its solubility decreases when temperature increases , if 10 g of it dissolves in

200 g of water at 30 C˚ , so its solubility at temperature 60 C֯ may be ……..
a) 10 g / 100 g b) 15 g / 100 g c) 5 g / 100 g d) 5 g / 200 g
9- what is the mass in grams for one molecule of CH4 ( C = 12 , H = 1 )
23 -23 -23
a) 2.65 x 10 g b) 6.02 x 10 g c) 2.65 x 10 g d) 26.5 x 10-23 g

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10- which of the following solutions gives the lamp lowest illuminations
a) HCl (aq)
b) NaCl (aq)
c) NaOH (aq)
d) CH3COOH (aq)

11- the following graph represent relation between vapor pressure and temperature for
several solutions with the same volume temperature
According to the data in table (A) (B) (C)
Substance number of moles
Na2CO3 0.3
NaCl 0.4
KNO3 0.5
Vapor pressure

According to the data in table which is correct ………..

a) substance (A) represent KNO3 , substance (B) represent Na2CO3
b) substance (A) represent KNO3 , substance (B) represent NaCl
c) substance (A) represent Na2CO3 , substance (B) represent KNO3
d) substance (A) represent NaCl , substance (B) represent Na2CO3

12- what is the number of moles in half mole of HCHO equals ……….
a) Avogadro’s number b) ½ Avogadro’s number
c) 2 x Avogadro’s number d) ¼ Avogadro’s number

13- all the following gives green color with bromothymol blue except ……..
a) Na2SO4 b) CH3COONa c) NaCl d) KNO3

14- when potassium acetate dissolve in water the pH of solution ……………

a) increase b) decrease c) equal 2 d) equal 7

15- which of the following can form more than 1 salt

a) HClO4 b) C2H2O4 c) HNO3 d) CH3COOH

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16- iron reacts with sulphur according to the following equation
Fe + S FeS ( Fe = 56 )
If 0.5 mol of sulphur reacted with iron , an amount was remained , so mass of iron can be
a) 28 g b) 20 g c) 58 g d) 112 g

17- some sugar dissolved in water , some of the sugar precipitated in the bottom
what is the type of this solution
a) Suspension b) unsaturated c) super saturated d) saturated

70