Tarapoto, San Martín, Peru

1
Birds of Tarapoto
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Tarapoto (300–400 meters above sea level) is a city located in the Department of San Martín, northern Peru, and is
considered a gateway from the Andes to the lower Amazon. The study locality in Tarapoto is characterized by
secondary tropical forest with significant human disturbance. The observations were made between October and
December 2021 (end of the dry season), in a private property along the river Shilcayo. Mist netting was done
almost daily in open forest or shrubbery close to roads, as part of a project aiming to study the behaviours of
insectivorous birds. The nets were placed at ~0–3 meters height, opened from early morning until ~5 pm, and
checked at hourly intervals. All birds were measured and feather samples were taken and stored at the Natural
History Museum in Lima. The birds were released immediately or kept in captivity for a maximum of ~30 hours
for behavioural experiments and released at the same locality in favourable weather conditions.

1 Bubulcus ibis 2 Piranga olivacea (♀) 3 Columbina talpacoti 4 Columbina talpacoti

ARDEIDAE CARDINALIDAE COLUMBIDAE COLUMBIDAE
Western cattle egret Sexual dismorphism Sexual dismorphism Sexual dismorphism
Scarlet tanager Ecuadorian ground dove Ecuadorian ground dove

5 Columbina talpacoti 6 Columbina talpacoti 7 Columbina talpacoti 8 Leptotila verreauxi (Adult)

COLUMBIDAE COLUMBIDAE COLUMBIDAE COLUMBIDAE
Sexual dismorphism Sexual dismorphism Sexual dismorphism White-tipped dove
Ecuadorian ground dove Ruddy ground dove Ruddy ground dove
 Tarapoto, San Martín, Peru
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9 Leptotila verreauxi (Adult) 10 Leptotila verreauxi (Adult) 11 Lipaugus vociferans 12 Lipaugus vociferans
COLUMBIDAE COLUMBIDAE COTINGIDAE COTINGIDAE
White-tipped dove White-tipped dove Screaming piha Screaming piha

13 Lipaugus vociferans 14 Crotophaha ani 15 Euphonia laniirostris (♂) 16 Euphonia laniirostris (♂)
COTINGIDAE CUCULIDAE FRINDILLIDAE FRINDILLIDAE
Screaming piha Smooth-billed ani Sexual dismorphism Sexual dismorphism
Thick-billed euphonia Thick-billed euphonia

17 Euphonia laniirostris (♀) 18 Euphonia laniirostris (♀) 19 Furnarius leucopus 20 Furnarius leucopus
FRINDILLIDAE FRINDILLIDAE FURNARIIDAE FURNARIIDAE
Sexual dismorphism Sexual dismorphism Pale-legged hornero Pale-legged hornero
Thick-billed euphonia Thick-billed euphonia
 Tarapoto, San Martín, Peru
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Birds of Tarapoto
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21 Furnarius leucopus 22 Phacellodomus rufifrons 23 Galbula cyanescens 24 Cacicus cela (Adult)

FURNARIIDAE FURNARIIDAE GALBULIDAE ICTERIDAE
Pale-legged hornero Rufous-fronted thornbird Bluish-fronted jacamar Yellow-rumped cacique

25 Cacicus cela (Adult) 26 Dryobates passerines (Adult ♀) 27 Dryobates passerines (Adult ♀) 28 Machaeropterus pyrocephalus (♂)
ICTERIDAE PICIDAE PICIDAE PIPRIDAE
Yellow-rumped cacique Little woopecker Little woopecker Fiery-capped manakin

29 Machaeropterus pyrocephalus (♂) 30 Machaeropterus pyrocephalus (♂) 31 Machaeropterus pyrocephalus (♀) 32 Machaeropterus pyrocephalus (♀)
PIPRIDAE PIPRIDAE PIPRIDAE PIPRIDAE
Fiery-capped manakin Fiery-capped manakin Fiery-capped manakin Fiery-capped manakin
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33 Gallinula galeata 34 Rhegmatorhina melanosticta 35 Rhegmatorhina melanosticta 36 Machaeropterus pyrocephalus (♀)

RALLIDAE THAMNOPHILIDAE THAMNOPHILIDAE THRAUPIDAE
Common gallinule (adult ♀) (adult ♀) Dull-coloured grassquit
Hairy-crested antbird Hairy-crested antbird

37 Asemospiza obscura 38 Asemospiza obscura 39 Asemospiza obscura 40 Asemospiza obscura

THRAUPIDAE THRAUPIDAE THRAUPIDAE THRAUPIDAE
Dull-coloured grassquit Dull-coloured grassquit Dull-coloured grassquit Dull-coloured grassquit

41 Thraupis episcopus 42 Thraupis episcopus 43 Thraupis episcopus 44 Thraupis palmarum

THRAUPIDAE THRAUPIDAE THRAUPIDAE THRAUPIDAE
Adult White-edged Adult White-edged Adult White-edged Palm tanager
Blue-gray tanager Blue-gray tanager Blue-gray tanager
 Tarapoto, San Martín, Peru
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45 Thraupis palmarum 46 Volatinia jacarina (♀) 47 Volatinia jacarina (♀) 48 Volatinia jacarina (♂)
THRAUPIDAE THRAUPIDAE THRAUPIDAE THRAUPIDAE
Palm tanager Blue-black grassquit Blue-black grassquit Blue-black grassquit

49 Volatinia jacarina (♂) 50 Chionomesa lactea (Adult) 51 Chionomesa lactea (Adult) 52 Chionomesa lactea (Adult)
THRAUPIDAE TROCHILIDAE TROCHILIDAE TROCHILIDAE
Blue-black grassquit Sapphire-sprangled emerald Sapphire-sprangled emerald Sapphire-sprangled emerald

53 Chionomesa lactea (Adult) 54 Glaucis hirsutus 55 Glaucis hirsutus 56 Phaethornis longirostris

TROCHILIDAE TROCHILIDAE TROCHILIDAE TROCHILIDAE
Sapphire-sprangled emerald Rufous-breasted hermit Rufous-breasted hermit Long-billed hermit
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57 Phaethornis longirostris 58 Phaethornis longirostris 59 Phaethornis longirostris 60 Troglodytes aedon

TROCHILIDAE TROCHILIDAE TROCHILIDAE TROGLODYTIDAE
Long-billed hermit Long-billed hermit Long-billed hermit House wren

61 Troglodytes aedon 62 Troglodytes aedon 63 Catharus ustulatus 64 Catharus ustulatus

TROGLODYTIDAE TROGLODYTIDAE TURDIDAE TURDIDAE
House wren House wren Swainson´s thrush Swainson´s thrush

65 Catharus ustulatus 66 Turdus ignobilis (Adult) 67 Turdus ignobilis (Adult) 68 Elaenia parvirostris
TURDIDAE TURDIDAE TURDIDAE TYRANNIDAE
Swainson´s thrush Black-billed thrush Black-billed thrush Small-billed elaenia
 Tarapoto, San Martín, Peru
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69 Empidonax alnorum 70 Empidonax alnorum 71 Empidonax alnorum 72 Megarynchus pitangua (Adult)

TYRANNIDAE TYRANNIDAE TYRANNIDAE TYRANNIDAE
Alder flycatcher Alder flycatcher Alder flycatcher Boat-billed flycatcher

73 Megarynchus pitangua (Adult) 74 Myiodynastes maculatus 75 Myiodynastes maculatus 76 Myiozetetes similis

TURDIDAE TYRANNIDAE TYRANNIDAE TYRANNIDAE
Swainson´s thrush Streaked flycatcher Streaked flycatcher Social flycatcher

77 Myiozetetes similis 78 Myiozetetes similis 79 Pitangus sulphuratus 80 Pitangus sulphuratus

TYRANNIDAE TYRANNIDAE TYRANNIDAE TYRANNIDAE
Social flycatcher Social flycatcher Great kiskadee Great kiskadee
 Tarapoto, San Martín, Peru
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Birds of Tarapoto
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81 Pitangus sulphuratus 82 Pitangus sulphuratus 83 Tyrannus melancholicus 84 Tyrannus melancholicus

TYRANNIDAE TYRANNIDAE TYRANNIDAE TYRANNIDAE
Great kiskadee Great kiskadee Tropical kingbird Tropical kingbird

85 Tyrannus melancholicus 86 Zimmerius villarejoi 87 Zimmerius villarejoi 88 Vireo olivaceus

TYRANNIDAE TYRANNIDAE TYRANNIDAE VIREONIDAE
Tropical kingbird Mishana tyrannulet Mishana tyrannulet Red-eyed vireo

89 Vireo olivaceus 90 Vireo olivaceus

VIREONIDAE VIREONIDAE
Red-eyed vireo Red-eyed vireo
 Tarapoto, San Martín, Peru
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Table 1: Complete list of species observed in Tarapoto, San Martin, Peru. This list also includes species without
photos. Mist nets only caught low flying birds (0–3 m above ground). Abundancy based on personal impressions
during fieldwork.

Columbidae Rock dove Columba livia Fairly common

(Gmelin, JF 1789)
Columbidae Ruddy ground dove Columbina talpacoti x Common
(Temminck, CJ 1810)
Columbidae White-tipped dove Leptotila verreauxi x Common
(Bonaparte, CLJL 1855)
Columbidae Eared dove Zenaida auriculata Fairly common
(des Murs, MAPO 1847)
Cotingidae Screaming piha Lipaugus vociferans Common
(Wied-Neuwied, M 1820)
Cracidae Speckled chachalaca Ortalis guttata Fairly common
(Spix, JB 1825)
Cuculidae Smooth-billed ani Crotophaga ani Fairly common
(Linnaeus, C 1758)
Cuculidae Squirrel cuckoo Piaya cayana Common
(Linnaeus, C 1766)
Columbidae Rock dove Columba livia Fairly common
(Gmelin, JF 1789)
Columbidae Ruddy ground dove Columbina talpacoti x Common
(Temminck, CJ 1810)
Columbidae White-tipped dove Leptotila verreauxi x Common
(Bonaparte, CLJL 1855)
Columbidae Eared dove Zenaida auriculata Fairly common
(des Murs, MAPO 1847)
Cotingidae Screaming piha Lipaugus vociferans Common
(Wied-Neuwied, M 1820)
Cracidae Speckled chachalaca Ortalis guttata Fairly common
(Spix, JB 1825)
Cuculidae Smooth-billed ani Crotophaga ani Fairly common
(Linnaeus, C 1758)
Cuculidae Squirrel cuckoo Piaya cayana Common
(Linnaeus, C 1766)
 Tarapoto, San Martín, Peru
10
Birds of Tarapoto
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Falconidae Black caracara Daptrius ater Common

(Vieillot, LJP 1816)
Fringillidae Thick-billed Euphonia laniirostris x Fairly common
euphonia (de Lafresnaye, NFAA 1837)
Furnariidae Pale-legged hornero Furnarius leucopus x Fairly common
(Swainson, WJ 1838)
Furnariidae Rufous-fronted Phacellodomus rufifrons x Common
thornbird (Wied-Neuwied, M 1821)
Galbulidae Bluish-fronted Galbula cyanescens Common
jacamar (Deville, É 1849)
Hirundinidae Blue-and-white Pygochelidon cyanoleuca Fairly common
swallow (Vieillot, LJP 1817)
Icteridae Yellow-rumped Cacicus cela x Fairly common
cacique (Linnaeus, C 1758)
Icteridae Russet-backed Psarocolius angustifrons Fairly common
oropendola (Spix, JB 1824)
Opisthocomidae Hoatzin Opisthocomus hoazin Common
(Müller, PLS 1776)
Passeridae House sparrow Passer domesticus Common
(Linnaeus, C 1758)
Picidae Little woodpecker Dryobates passerines x Common
(Linnaeus, C 1766)
Picidae Yellow-tufted Melanerpes cruentatus Common
woodpecker (Boddaert, P 1783)
Pipridae Fiery-capped Machaeropterus pyrocephalus x Common
manakin (Sclater, PL 1852)
Psittacidae Cobalt-winged Brotogeris cyanoptera Fairly common
parakeet (Pelzeln, A 1870)
Psittacidae White-winged Brotogeris versicolurus Fairly common
parakeet (Müller, PLS 1776)
Psittacidae Blue-headed parrot Pionus menstruus Common
(Linnaeus, C 1766)
Psittacidae White-eyed parakeet Psittacara leucophthalmus Uncommon
(Müller, PLS 1776)
Rallidae Common gallinule Gallinula galeata Common
(Lichtenstein, MHC 1818)
 Tarapoto, San Martín, Peru
11
Birds of Tarapoto
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Ramphastidae Chestnut-eared Pteroglossus castanotis Common

aracari (Gould, J 1834)
Strigidae Tropical screech owl Megascops choliba Common
(Vieillot, LJP 1817)
Thamnophilidae Hairy-crested antbird Rhegmatorhina melanosticta x Common
(Sclater, PL; Salvin, O 1880)
Thamnophilidae Great antshrike Taraba major x Common
(Vieillot, LJP 1816)
Thraupidae Dull-coloured Asemospiza obscura x Uncommon
grassquit (d'Orbigny, ACVMD; de
Lafresnaye, NFAA 1837)
Thraupidae Bananaquit Coereba flaveola ( Fairly common
Linnaeus, C 1758)
Thraupidae Saffron finch Sicalis flaveola Fairly common
(Linnaeus, C 1766)
Thraupidae Chestnut-bellied Sporophila castaneiventris Common
seedeater (Cabanis, JL 1849)
Thraupidae Blue-gray tanager Thraupis episcopus x Fairly common
(Linnaeus, C 1766)
Thraupidae Palm tanager Thraupis palmarum x Fairly common
(Wied-Neuwied, M 1821)
Thraupidae Blue-black grassquit Volatinia jacarina x Common
(Linnaeus, C 1766)
Trochilidae Sapphire-spangled Chionomesa lactea x Common
emerald (Lesson, RP 1832)
Trochilidae Rufous-breasted Glaucis hirsutus x Common
hermit (Gmelin, JF 1788)
Trochilidae Long-billed hermit Phaethornis longirostris x Fairly common
(Delattre, PA 1843)
Trochilidae Fork-tailed Thalurania furcate Common
woodnymph (Gmelin, JF 1788)
Troglodytidae House wren Troglodytes aedon x Common
(Vieillot, LJP 1809)
Turdidae Swainson's thrush Catharus ustulatus x Fairly common
(Nuttall, T 1840) boreal migrant
 Tarapoto, San Martín, Peru
12
Birds of Tarapoto
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Research funded by the Czech Science Foundation (GAČR No. 20-18566Y)
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Turdidae Black-billed thrush Turdus ignobilis x Fairly common

(Sclater, PL 1858)
Tyrannidae Small-billed elaenia Elaenia parvirostris x Fairly common
(Pelzeln, A 1868) austral migrant
Tyrannidae Alder flycatcher Empidonax alnorum x Common boreal
(Brewster, W 1895) migrant
Tyrannidae Boat-billed flycatcher Megarynchus pitangua x Common
(Linnaeus, C 1766)
Tyrannidae Streaked flycatcher Myiodynastes maculatus x Common
(Müller, PLS 1776)
Tyrannidae Grey-capped Myiozetetes granadensis x Fairly common
flycatcher (Lawrence, GN 1862)
Tyrannidae Social flycatcher Myiozetetes similis x Fairly common
(Spix, JB 1825)
Tyrannidae Lesser kiskadee Philohydor lictor Fairly common
(Lichtenstein, MHC 1823)
Tyrannidae Great kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus x Fairly common
(Linnaeus, C 1766)
Tyrannidae Tropical kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus x Fairly common
(Vieillot, LJP 1819)
Tyrannidae Mishana tyrannulet Zimmerius villarejoi x Common endemic
(Álvarez A, J; Whitney, BM
2001)
Vireonidae Red-eyed vireo Vireo olivaceus x Common
(Linnaeus, C 1766)