PERCENTAGE, RATE, AND BASE

Percentage (P) is the number or amount that represents as part of a whole Example 2. There are 360 pupils in a school. If 15% of them are Boy Scouts,
Rate (R) is the number compared to 100. Usually has either a percent sign % how many Boys Scouts does the school have?
or the word “percent” with it.
Base (B) is the number that represents the whole or entire amount Solution: Rate (R) = 15%, Base (B)=360, Percentage(P)=n
Formulas for finding Percentage (P), Rate (R) and Base (B):
Using Decimal Using formula
𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆(𝑷) 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 (𝑃) = 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 (𝐵)𝑥 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒(𝑅)
Rate (R)= x100 Percentage (P)= Base (B) x Rate (R) 15% of 360=n
𝑩𝒂𝒔𝒆 (𝑩) 15
𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆(𝑷) 15 % = 100
Base (B)= 𝑹𝒂𝒕𝒆 (𝑹) 15
0.15 x 360 = n 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 (𝑃) = 360 𝑥
100
60 = n 360 𝑥 15
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 (𝑃) =
100
5,400
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 (𝑃) =
100

𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆 (𝑷) = 𝟓𝟒

Answer: There are 54 Boy Scouts in the School

B. Finding the Rate (R)

A. Finding the Percentage
Example 1. 36 is what percent of 60?
Example 1. Find the 75% of 80=n
Solution: Rate (R) = n %, Base (B)=60, Percentage(P)=36
Solution: Rate (R) = 75%, Base (B)=80, Percentage(P)=n Using fraction Using formula
Using Decimal Using formula n % of 60 = n 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 (𝑃)
𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆 (𝑷) = 𝑩𝒂𝒔𝒆 (𝑩)𝒙 𝑹𝒂𝒕𝒆(𝑹) 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 (𝑅) = x100
75% of 80=n 𝟕𝟓
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 (𝐵)

𝟕𝟓% = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝑛 36
𝑥 60 = 36 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 (𝑅) =
60
𝑥 100
75 100
0.75 x80=n 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 (𝑃) = 80 𝑥
100
60𝑛
= 36 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 (𝑅) =
36
𝑥 100
60=n 80𝑥75 100 60
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 (𝑃) =
100 60n=36x100 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 (𝑅) = 0.60 𝑥 100
𝑹𝒂𝒕𝒆 (𝑹) = 𝟔𝟎 %
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 (𝑃) =
6000 60n=3,600
100 60𝑛 3,600
= 60
60
𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆 (𝑷) = 𝟔𝟎 n=60 %
Example 2. In example 2, if 72 of the pupils in the school are Girl Scouts, what Example 2. In Ms. Aguilar’s Class, 6 pupils received an A on the last Math test.
percent of the pupils are Girl Scouts? This is 20 % of the number of pupils in her class. How many pupils are there in
Ms. Aguilars class?
Solution:

Solution: Rate (R) = n %, Base (B)=360, Percentage(P)=72

Solution: Rate (R) = 20 %, Base (B)=n, Percentage(P)=6

Using fraction Using formula Using decimals Using formula

n % of 360 = 72 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 (𝑃) 20 % of n = 6
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 (𝑅) = x100 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 (𝑃)
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 (𝐵)
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 (𝐵) =
𝑛 72 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 (𝑅)
𝑥 360 = 72 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 (𝑅) =
360
𝑥 100 0.20 x n = 6 6
100 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 (𝐵) =
360𝑛 72 0.20n=6 20
= 72 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 (𝑅) =
360
𝑥 100 100
100 0.20𝑛 6 20
360n=72x100 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 (𝑅) = 0.20 𝑥 100 = 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 (𝐵) = 6 ÷
𝑹𝒂𝒕𝒆 (𝑹) = 𝟐𝟎 % 0.20 0.20 100
360n=7,200 100
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 (𝐵) = 6 𝑥
360𝑛 7,200 20
= 𝒏 = 𝟑𝟎 6𝑥100
360 360 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 (𝐵) =
20
n=20 % 𝑩𝒂𝒔𝒆 (𝑩) = 𝟑𝟎
Answer: 20% of the pupils in the school are Girl Scouts
Answer: There are 30 pupils in Ms. Aguilar’s class
C. Finding the base (B)
Example 1. 40% of a number is 240. What is the number?

Solution: Rate (R) = 40 %, Base (B)= n, Percentage(P)=240

Using decimals Using formula

40 % of n = 240
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 (𝑃)
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 (𝐵) =
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 (𝑅)
0.40 x n = 240 240
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 (𝐵) =
0.40n=240 40
100
0.40𝑛 240 40
= 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 (𝐵) = 240 ÷
100
0.40 0.40 100
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 (𝐵) = 240 𝑥
40
𝒏 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎 240𝑥100
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 (𝐵) =
40
𝑩𝒂𝒔𝒆 (𝑩) = 𝟔𝟎𝟎
Name: __________________________________________

A. Solve the following

1. 65 % of 100

2. 90 % of 120

3. 20 % of 10

4. 30 % of 20 2. Camilo has saved Php 3,150.00 in the past 3 months. If the bike he
wanted to buy is worth Php 9, 000.00. What percent of the cost of the
5. 25 % of 60 bike has he saved?

Solution:
B. Identify whether the following problems are looking for the percentages Given: Rate (R) = _______%, Base (B)= ______, Percentage(P)=_________
are looking for the percentage, rate or base. Then solve for the unknown.
Formula:
1. 85 % of Php 78.00 is what amount?

2. 45% of 70 is what number?

3. 7 is 35 % of what number?
4. What percent of 16 is 64?
5. 85 is what percent of 340?

Problem Solving
1. In an international conference, 300 people who attended were Filipinos. If
30% of these were Filipino male professionals, how many Filipino Female
professionals were there?

Solution:
Given: Rate (R) = _______%, Base (B)= ______, Percentage(P)=_________

Formula: