Making Process of Steel

Iron Steel Continues Caster Rolling Final Product

Rail
Steel Sheet Pile
Shape Steel
Steel Bar Steel Bar

Wire Rod

Steel Wire

Plate

Pig Iron Converter Billet

Hot Rolled Coil

Blast Furnace Secondary refining/
Bloom
Vacuum degasser
Hot Rolled Strip Mill
Scrap
Electric furnace

Slab Cold Rolled Coil

Galvanized Coil
Cold Rolled Strip Mill

Pipe
Pipe Roll

Seamless Steel Pipe

Reheating Furnace Seamless Pipe Making Line
Making Process of Steel

① Blast Furnace ② Converter

(Making Pig Iron from Iron core
etc.)
is a cylinder line with refractory.
It is a vertical shaft furnace that produce liquid
metals by the reaction a flow of air introduce
under pressure into the bottom of the furnace
with a mixture of metallic ore, coke, and flux fed
into the top.
(Making Steel from Pig Iron)
The main task in converter processes is
oxidation of carbon, and as side reactions
oxidizing refining of other impurities
present in hot metal.

To Make 1t Pig Iron

Iron ore : 1,600kg
Coke : 340kg
Limestone : 160kg

(Source: Wikipedia) (Source: Wikipedia)

③ Electric Furnace ④ Vacuum Degasser

(To Melt Scrap Metal )
It uses electrical energy to melt the main
raw material of scrap metal, direct
reduced iron, and/or pig iron to produce
molten steel.
(Adjustment component of Steel)
Vacuum degassing’s effectiveness in removing
hydrogen and nitrogen from the steel is due
to the reduced pressure between the molten
steel and the vacuum, which causes the gases
to become less soluble and separate from the
liquefied steel.

(Source: Wikipedia) (Source: Wikipedia)

 Making Process of Steel

⑤ Continuous Casting Billet

(Making Slab. 1 Slab around 240mm, 20mt )
is the process whereby molten metal is solidified into a
"semifinished" billet, bloom, or slab for subsequent rolling in
the finishing mills.
A billet is a length of metal that has a round or square cross-
section, with an area less than 36 in2 (230 cm2).
Billets are further processed via profile rolling and drawing.
Final products include bar stock and wire.

Bloom

Blooms has rectangular /square cross section.

The cross-section area of bloom is always greater than 36 in 2
(230 cm 2).
Common final products include structural shapes, rails, rods,
and seamless pipes.

Slab

A slab has rectangular cross section, slab has thickness lesser

than bloom.

(Source: Wikipedia)
 Making Process of Steel

⑤ Rolling
(Making Hot/Cold Coil from Slab)
What is the process?
rolling is a metal forming process in which metal stock is passed through one or more pairs of rolls.

What does it do?

to reduce the thickness and to make the thickness uniform. The concept is similar to the rolling of dough. Rolling is classified
according to the temperature of the metal rolled.

Hot Rolling Mill Cold Rolling Mill

⑤ .1. Hot Rolling Mill ⑤ .2. Cold Rolling Mill

(Making Hot Coil from Slab)
What is the process?
In this technique, metal is heated beyond the recrystallization
temperature, and the plasticity is distorted during the rolling
procedure. This process ensures that the volume and features
of the metal are maintained while creating various shapes and
dimensions
(Making Cold Coil from Slab)
What is the process?
Cold rolling is an industrial process used to change the
material properties of sheets or strips of metal. The metal is
fed between two rollers which compresses it. The resulting
mechanical properties vary, depending on how much strain is
applied.

What does it do? What does it do?

The hot rolling process has a significant effect on the
properties of steel. By heating steel above its recrystallization
temperature and then cooling it at room temperature in a
process known as normalization, the steel's microstructure
undergoes permanent changes, resulting in enhanced
toughness and ductility
when the metal is put under mechanical stress, it causes a
permanent change to the crystalline structure of the metal.
This causes an increase in its strength (full hard) and often
improves corrosion resistance.