菲律宾郊亚鄢南星學校

Nan Sing School of Cauayan City, Incorporated

Dalupang St., Cauayan City, Isabela, Philippines 3305
Telefax No. (078) 652-2040
School ID: 400424

MODULE 5
THE FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM OF CALCULUS
1
Time Allotment: 1 hour
2

Learning  Illustrate the Fundamental Theorem of

Outcomes Calculus
At the end of this  Compute the definite integral of a function
lesson, you are expected using the Fundamental Theorem of
to: Calculus

FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM OF CALCULUS

The fundamental theorem of calculus explains how to find definite integrals of functions that
have indefinite integrals. It bridges the concept of an antiderivative with the area problem.

When you figure out definite integrals (which you can think of as a limit of Riemann sums), you
might be aware of the fact that the definite integral is just the area under the curve between two
points (upper and lower bounds). You are finding an antiderivative at the upper and lower limits
of integration and taking the difference. The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus justifies this
procedure.

The technical formula is:

and

The first part of the fundamental theorem states that when solving indefinite integrals between
two points a and b, just subtract the value of the integral at a from the value of the integral at b.
The second part of the theorem gives an indefinite integral of a function. It looks complicated,
but all it’s really telling you is how to find the area between two points on a graph.

Fundamental Theorem of Calculus Example

- Catalyst of Change -
 菲律宾郊亚鄢南星學校
Nan Sing School of Cauayan City, Incorporated
Dalupang St., Cauayan City, Isabela, Philippines 3305 - Catalyst of Change -
Telefax No. (078) 652-2040
School ID: 400424

Example problem: Evaluate the following integral using the fundamental theorem of calculus:

Step 1: Evaluate the integral. This particular integral is evaluated using the integral rule for
power functions:

∫x2 dx = ⅓ x3 = x3⁄3
Note: For an indefinite integral, you would normally include the +C; Here we’re ignoring it, as
we want to find a specific area.

Step 2: Find the value of the integral at b, which is the value at the top of the integral sign in
the problem. In this example, the value of “b” is 1, so:
3 3
b ⁄ 3 ¿ 1 ⁄ 3=1 ⁄ 3.

Step 3: Find the value of the integral at a, which is the value at the bottom of the integral sign
in the problem. In this example, the value of “a” is 0, so:
3 3
a ⁄ 3=0 ⁄ 3=0

Step 4: Subtract a (Step 3) from b (Step 2):

1
⁄3-0 = 1⁄3
That’s it!

EXAMPLE 2:

Since 2 x−x 2 ≥ 0 over the interval [1, 2], the area under the curve y=2 x−x 2 from x=1 to x=2 is
2

equal to ∫ ( 2 x−x ) dx .
2

2 1 3
Since x − x is an anti-derivative of 2 x−x 2 ,
3

[ ]
2 2

∫ ( 2 x−x 2 ) dx=¿ x 2− 1 x 3 ¿
3
1 1

( 1
3 )( 1
¿ 22− ∙ 23 − 12− ∙ 13
3 )
2
¿ .
3

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