TRIBHUWVAN UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF ENGINERING

THAPATHALI CAMPUS

PROPOSAL

ON

Mechanical Design and Performance Evaluation of a Treadmill-

Connected Bicycle

Submitted By:

Aayush Pudashini(THA076BME002)

Anmol Shrestha(THA076BME006)

BasantaKoirala(THA076BME011)

Mausham Dev Sunar(THA076BME023)

Submitted To:

DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

JUNE 2023

KATHMANDU, NEPAL

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 ABSTRACT

This proposal outlines a final year project aimed at designing and evaluating the
performance of a unique bicycle that is powered through a treadmill using gears,
sprockets, and a chain. The project objectives include the design and integration of the
system, analysis of power transfer efficiency, evaluation of energy consumption, load and
performance testing, mechanical stress and fatigue testing, as well as an efficiency
comparison.

The methodology for achieving these objectives will involve conceptualizing and
designing the bicycle-treadmill connection system, selecting appropriate gears, sprockets,
and a chain for efficient power transmission, and integrating them into a functional
prototype. Experimental testing will be conducted to evaluate power transfer efficiency,
energy consumption, load handling capability, and overall mechanical performance.
Additionally, mechanical stress and fatigue testing will be performed to ensure the
system's durability and reliability.

The scope of the project will be focused on the mechanical design and evaluation aspects,
considering factors such as terrain adaptability, safety features, and user comfort. The
project will aim to create a functioning prototype and conduct comprehensive tests to
assess its performance.

The innovation or contribution of this project lies in the unique combination of a bicycle
and a treadmill, providing a novel means of exercise and sustainable transportation. The
integration of gears, sprockets, and a chain for power transfer adds complexity to the
design and requires careful analysis of efficiency and mechanical performance.

The significance of this project in the field of mechanical engineering lies in exploring
new avenues for eco-friendly transportation and exercise equipment. The project's
findings can contribute to the development of hybrid human-powered vehicles and
promote sustainable mobility solutions.

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Limitations of the project may include constraints on resources, time, and budget, which
could influence the scale and depth of the experimentation and testing. However, the
project will aim to mitigate these limitations by focusing on essential aspects while still
delivering a functional prototype.

The key deliverables of this project will include a detailed design report, a working
prototype of the treadmill-connected bicycle, experimental data on power transfer
efficiency and energy consumption, performance evaluation results, and
recommendations for improvements.

Future work may involve optimizing the design for specific terrains, conducting further
performance testing under varying conditions, and exploring potential commercialization
opportunities. The project findings could inspire further research and development in the
field of sustainable transportation and exercise equipment.

This project will encompass various subjects such as mechanical design, power
transmission, energy analysis, testing methodologies, and data analysis. By integrating
these subjects, the project aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the
mechanical aspects of the treadmill-connected bicycle.

By addressing the outlined objectives and considering the mentioned scope, limitations,
and potential contributions, this project endeavors to contribute to the field of mechanical
engineering and provide valuable insights into the design and performance evaluation of
a novel, treadmill-connected bicycle.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................2
1. INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................6
1.1 BACKGROUND.......................................................................................................................6
1.1.1 THE ORIGIN OF IDEAS..............................................................................................6
1.1.2 ATTEMPTS SO FAR MADE BY OTHERS TO ADDRESS THE ISSUES.............................6
1.1.3 ISSUES LEFT.............................................................................................................6
1.1.4 SCOPE OF THE WORK..............................................................................................6
1.1.5 RATIONALE..............................................................................................................7
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT....................................................................................................7
1.3 LITERATURE REVIEW.......................................................................................................7
1.4 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE.....................................................................................................8
1.4.1 DESIGN AND INTEGRATION.....................................................................................8
1.4.2 POWER TRANSFER EFFICIENCY...............................................................................8
1.4.3 ENERGY CONSUMPTION ANALYSIS.........................................................................8
1.4.4 LOAD AND PERFORMANCE TESTING.......................................................................8
1.4.5 ERGONOMICS AND USER EXPERIENCE....................................................................8
1.4.6 MECHANICAL STRESS AND FATIGUE TESTING.........................................................9
1.4.7 EFFICIENCY COMPARISON.......................................................................................9
2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY............................................................................10
2.1 RESEARCH METHODS..........................................................................................................10
2.1.1 DESIGN AND INTEGRATION...................................................................................10
2.1.2 POWER TRANSFER EFFICIENCY....................................................................................10
2.1.3 ENERGY CONSUMPTION ANALYSIS..............................................................................11
2.1.4 LOAD AND PERFORMANCE TESTING............................................................................11
2.1.5 MECHANICAL STRESS AND FATIGUE TESTING..............................................................12
2.1.6 EFFICIENCY COMPARISON:..........................................................................................12
2.2 RESEARCH TOOL............................................................................................................13
2.2.1 Literature Review..................................................................................................13
2.2.2 Surveys and Questionnaires..................................................................................13
2.2.3 Prototype Development........................................................................................13

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 2.2.4 Performance Testing.............................................................................................13
2.2.5 Biomechanical Analysis.........................................................................................14
2.2.6 Finite Element Analysis (FEA)................................................................................14
2.2.7 Data Logging and Analysis.....................................................................................14
2.2.8 Simulation and Modeling......................................................................................14
2.2.9 Simulation and Modeling:............................................................................................14
2.3 ASSUMPTION AND LIMITATION....................................................................................15
3. EXPECTED OUTCOMES......................................................................................17
3.1 Design and Integration of Treadmill Bicycle..................................................................17
3.2 POWER TRANSFER EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS.....................................................................17
3.3 ENERGY CONSUMPTION ANALYSIS...............................................................................17
3.4 LOAD AND PERFORMANCE TESTING.............................................................................17
3.5 MECHANICAL STRESS AND FATIGUE ANALYSIS.............................................................18
3.6 ADVANCEMENTS IN SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION.................................................18
3.7 KNOWLEDGE EXPANSION IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING...........................................18
4. BUDGET STRUCTURE..........................................................................................19
5. WORKING SCHEDULE........................................................................................21
REFERENCES................................................................................................................23

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 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND

1.1.1 THE ORIGIN OF IDEAS

The idea for the treadmill bicycle, originated with Bruin Bergmeester, a Dutch engineer.
Inspired by his experiences at the gym, Bergmeester sought a way to bring the treadmill
experience outdoors. He pondered on the possibility of a treadmill on wheels, envisioning
a unique vehicle that combines the benefits of a treadmill and a bicycle. This curiosity
and desire to merge exercise and transportation led to the inception of the Lopifit, a
groundbreaking invention that integrates a treadmill-like surface into a bicycle. With the
goal of providing a practical solution for both exercise and transportation purposes,
Bergmeester's innovative concept has gained attention and popularity as an eco-friendly
means of commuting while engaging in physical activity.

1.1.2 ATTEMPTS SO FAR MADE BY OTHERS TO ADDRESS THE ISSUES

1.1.3 ISSUES LEFT

1.1.4 SCOPE OF THE WORK

The scope of our project encompasses the design, development, and evaluation of a
treadmill bicycle, focusing on optimizing power transfer efficiency, analyzing energy
consumption, conducting load and performance testing, enhancing user experience and
ergonomics, evaluating mechanical stress and fatigue, and improving stability and
balance. This project aims to create a practical and efficient solution that combines
exercise and transportation, promoting sustainability and healthier lifestyles. By
addressing these key aspects, we aim to contribute to the advancement of the treadmill
bicycle concept, offering a reliable and sustainable form of active transportation for
individuals seeking a practical and eco-friendly commuting option.

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 1.1.5 RATIONALE
The project proposal for the treadmill bicycle is well-justified as it encompasses
objectives that align with existing efforts in the field. By designing and integrating the
treadmill bicycle, assessing power transfer efficiency, analyzing energy consumption,
conducting load and performance testing, evaluating ergonomics and user experience,
examining mechanical stress and fatigue, the project aims to address key challenges and
enhance the functionality, efficiency, and user experience of this innovative vehicle.
These objectives are crucial for creating a practical solution that combines exercise and
transportation, optimizing power transmission methods, ensuring energy efficiency,
enhancing durability and reliability, improving user comfort and safety, and promoting a
sustainable and active lifestyle. By pursuing these objectives, the project aims to
contribute to the development of an innovative form of transportation that supports
healthier and more environmentally friendly commuting options.

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

The existing forms of transportation and exercise options lack an integrated solution that
combines the benefits of a treadmill and a bicycle, hindering individuals from efficiently
engaging in physical activity while commuting. Traditional treadmill bicycles often rely
on electric assist systems, which limit sustainability and complicate the power transfer
process. Consequently, there is a need to design and develop a treadmill bicycle that
optimizes power transfer efficiency, analyzes energy consumption, conducts load and
performance testing, enhances user experience and ergonomics, evaluates mechanical
stress and fatigue, and improves stability and balance. This project aims to address these
challenges by creating a practical and sustainable solution that promotes active lifestyles
and provides individuals with an eco-friendly means of transportation.

1.3 LITERATURE REVIEW

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1.4 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE
The primary objective of this project is to design, develop, and analyze a bicycle
powered by a treadmill system with a focus on optimizing ideas on power transfer
efficiency and exploring innovative mechanical solutions. The project aims to
investigate the feasibility and performance of the treadmill-driven bicycle as a
proof-of-concept prototype, considering its potential applications in the field of
mechanical engineering. The specific objectives of the project include:

1.4.1 DESIGN AND INTEGRATION

Develop a mechanically sound and efficient system that connects the treadmill
to the bicycle, ensuring seamless power transmission and compatibility
between the two components.

1.4.2 POWER TRANSFER EFFICIENCY

Measure and optimize the efficiency of power transfer from the treadmill to
the bicycle system, aiming to maximize the utilization of human energy input
and minimize energy losses within the mechanical system.

1.4.3 ENERGY CONSUMPTION ANALYSIS

Quantify and compare the energy consumption of the treadmill-powered
bicycle with conventional bicycles or other relevant modes of transportation,
considering variables such as speed and distance traveled.

1.4.4 LOAD AND PERFORMANCE TESTING

Conduct comprehensive load and performance tests on the treadmill-powered
bicycle, varying parameters such as load weight, incline, and speed to evaluate
its performance under different conditions.

1.4.5 ERGONOMICS AND USER EXPERIENCE

Assess the ergonomics and overall user experience of the treadmill-powered
bicycle through user surveys, feedback sessions, and analysis of factors such
as comfort, ease of use, stability, and control.

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 1.4.6 MECHANICAL STRESS AND FATIGUE TESTING
Perform rigorous mechanical stress and fatigue testing on critical components
of the system, including the frame, drivetrain, gears, and bearings, to ensure
their structural integrity, durability, and performance under prolonged use.

1.4.7 EFFICIENCY COMPARISON

Compare the efficiency and performance of the treadmill-powered bicycle
with other relevant modes of transportation, such as conventional bicycles or
electric bicycles, considering factors like energy consumption, speed, and ease
of use. By accomplishing these objectives,our project will contribute to a
better understanding of the design, efficiency, and performance aspects of a
treadmill-powered bicycle, showcasing its potential applications and
providing valuable insights for future developments in this area.

Overall, completing this project will enhance our knowledge of mechanical design,
power transmission, energy analysis, performance evaluation, and user-centered design.
We will also gain practical experience in experimental testing, data analysis, and project
management, which are valuable skills for a mechanical engineer.

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 2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

2.1 RESEARCH METHODS

The research methodology for the objectives of our project on the mechanical design and
performance evaluation of a treadmill-connected bicycle are :

2.1.1 DESIGN AND INTEGRATION

 Conducting a thorough review of existing designs, patents, and literature
on treadmill-connected bicycles to gain insights into different design
approaches.
 Determining the key components required for the integration, such as
gears, sprockets, chains, and the mechanical interface between the
treadmill and bicycle.
 Utilizing solidwork software to develop a detailed 3D model of the
proposed design, ensuring compatibility and functionality of the integrated
system.
 Conducting virtual simulations or prototyping to verify the design's
feasibility and make necessary adjustments.

2.1.2 POWER TRANSFER EFFICIENCY

 Designing and implementing an experimental setup to measure power
transfer efficiency between the treadmill and the bicycle.
 Utilizing strain gauges or load cells to measure the force applied by the
user on the treadmill and corresponding torque or power transmitted to the
bicycle.
 Variying the load conditions and speeds to capture a range of operating
scenarios and calculateing the power transfer efficiency for each
condition.
 Recording and analyzing the data, considering factors that may affect
efficiency, such as gear ratios, chain tension, and mechanical losses.

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2.1.3 ENERGY CONSUMPTION ANALYSIS
 Developing a measurement system to quantify the energy consumption of
the treadmill-connected bicycle during operation.
 Utilizing appropriate sensors, such as wattmeters or energy meters, to
measure the electrical power consumed by the treadmill and the
mechanical power generated by the user.
 Recording energy consumption data for various cycling conditions,
including different speeds and loads.
 Analyzing the data to determine the energy efficiency of the system and
identify potential areas for optimization.

2.1.4 LOAD AND PERFORMANCE TESTING

 Designing a testing protocol to evaluate the load handling capability and
performance of the treadmill-connected bicycle.
 Conducting controlled experiments by subjecting the bicycle to different
load conditions, such as inclines or varying resistance levels.
 Measuring and recording parameters like speed, torque, power, and user
effort during the load tests.
 Analyzing the collected data to assess the bicycle's performance, stability,
and responsiveness under different load scenarios.

2.1.5 MECHANICAL STRESS AND FATIGUE TESTING

 Determining the critical components of the treadmill-connected bicycle
that may experience high stress or fatigue, such as gears, sprockets, or
chains.
 Using ansys software for Finite Element Analysis method for determining
the principle stress of different component and their fatigue strength.

2.1.6 EFFICIENCY COMPARISON:

 Identifying other comparable human-powered vehicles or exercise
equipment (like bicycle) for efficiency comparison.

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 Establishing a standardized methodology to measure and compare the
efficiency of the treadmill-connected bicycle with the identified
benchmarks.
 Performing the efficiency measurements using consistent test conditions
and parameters.
 Analyzing the results and providing a comprehensive comparison of the
efficiency of the treadmill-connected bicycle with other relevant systems.

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2.2 RESEARCH TOOL
To meet the objectives of the treadmill bicycle project, several research tools can be
employed. These tools can help in gathering data, analyzing performance, and
evaluating various aspects of the project. Some of the research tools that can be used
include:

2.2.1 Literature Review

Conduct a comprehensive review of existing literature, research papers, and

patents related to treadmill bicycles. This will provide valuable insights into the
current state of the field, identify existing challenges, and explore potential solutions.

2.2.2 Surveys and Questionnaires

Design and administer surveys or questionnaires to collect data from potential users,
fitness enthusiasts, and experts in the field. These surveys can gather information
about preferences, expectations, and feedback on design features, ergonomics, and
user experience.

2.2.3 Prototype Development

Build physical or virtual prototypes of the treadmill bicycle to test and evaluate its
functionality, usability, and performance. This may involve using computer-aided
design (CAD) software, 3D printing, or other prototyping techniques to create
representative models.

2.2.4 Performance Testing

Use various instruments and tools to measure and analyze the performance of the
treadmill bicycle. This may include speedometers, accelerometers, force sensors, and
power meters to quantify metrics such as speed, acceleration, force exerted, power
output, and energy consumption

2.2.5 Biomechanical Analysis

Employ motion capture systems, pressure sensors, and electromyography (EMG) to
assess the biomechanics of users while using the treadmill bicycle. This can provide

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 insights into the efficiency of the pedaling motion, joint angles, muscle activation
patterns, and overall ergonomic design.

2.2.6 Finite Element Analysis (FEA)

Utilize FEA software to perform structural analysis of the treadmill bicycle's frame
and components. This can help assess the structural integrity, identify potential weak
points, and optimize the design for durability and safety.

User Feedback and Focus Groups:

Conduct user feedback sessions and focus groups to gather qualitative data on user
experience, comfort, and satisfaction with the treadmill bicycle. This can provide
valuable insights into areas of improvement and user preferences.

2.2.7 Data Logging and Analysis

Use data logging tools to record and analyze real-time data during testing and usage
of the treadmill bicycle. This can include data on speed, distance traveled, heart rate,
power output, and other relevant performance metrics.

2.2.8 Simulation and Modeling

Utilize computer simulation software to model and simulate the performance,
dynamics, and behavior of the treadmill bicycle under different conditions. This can
help optimize the design, evaluate different scenarios, and predict the performance of
the product.

2.2.9 Simulation and Modeling:

Utilize computer simulation software to model and simulate the performance,
dynamics, and behavior of the treadmill bicycle under different conditions. This can
help optimize the design, evaluate different scenarios, and predict the performance of
the product.

2.3 ASSUMPTION AND LIMITATION

Assumptions:

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Mechanical Reliability: It is assumed that the mechanical components of the treadmill
bicycle, such as gears, chains, sprockets, and bearings, will function reliably and
withstand the forces and stresses during operation. This assumption is based on the
selection of appropriate materials, proper engineering design, and adherence to
industry standards.

User Acceptance: It is assumed that potential users will embrace the concept of the
treadmill bicycle and find it appealing as a means of transportation and exercise. This
assumption is based on market research and user surveys indicating a demand for
sustainable and active commuting options.

Ergonomic Considerations: It is assumed that the design of the treadmill bicycle will
prioritize user comfort, safety, and ergonomics. This includes factors such as proper
seat height and adjustment, handlebar positioning, and alignment of the treadmill
surface to ensure a natural walking or running motion.

Power Transfer Efficiency: It is assumed that the direct power transmission method
employed in the treadmill bicycle, using gears, sprockets, and chains, will result in
efficient transfer of energy from the treadmill to the wheels. This assumption is based
on engineering calculations and analysis of the power transmission system.

Limitations:

Design Complexity: The design and integration of a treadmill into a bicycle pose
several technical challenges, such as ensuring structural integrity, maintaining
balance, and minimizing weight and size. These complexities may limit the scope of
the project and require trade-offs in design features.

Performance Variability: The performance of the treadmill bicycle may vary

depending on factors such as user weight, terrain, and speed. These variations can
impact energy consumption, power output, and overall performance. The project may
not account for all possible variations in real-world usage scenarios.

Cost Constraints: The project's scope may be limited by budgetary constraints, as the
development and manufacturing of a functional prototype of the treadmill bicycle can

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 incur significant costs. This may impact the level of detail and complexity achievable
within the project's timeframe and resources.

User Adaptability: The project assumes that users will adapt to the unique experience
of using a treadmill bicycle, including maintaining balance, coordinating movement,
and adjusting to the walking or running motion on the treadmill surface. However,
individual user adaptation and learning curves may vary, which could affect user
experience and acceptance.

Time Constraints: The project's timeline may impose limitations on the depth and
breadth of research, testing, and refinement that can be conducted. This may result in
certain aspects of the treadmill bicycle design, integration, or performance analysis
being addressed to a limited extent.

It is important to acknowledge these assumptions and limitations during the project to

manage expectations, identify potential challenges, and make informed decisions
throughout the development process.

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 3. EXPECTED OUTCOMES

Expected Outcomes of the Project are :

3.1 Design and Integration of Treadmill Bicycle

The project aims to successfully design and integrate a treadmill into a bicycle, creating a
functional and ergonomic prototype. The expected outcome is a well-engineered and
aesthetically pleasing treadmill bicycle that combines the benefits of exercise and
transportation.

3.2 POWER TRANSFER EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS

By exploring direct power transmission methods using gears, sprockets, and chains, the
project aims to assess the efficiency of energy transfer from the treadmill to the wheels.
The expected outcome is to optimize the power transmission system for maximum
efficiency and minimize energy losses.

3.3 ENERGY CONSUMPTION ANALYSIS

The project intends to analyze the energy consumption of the treadmill bicycle during
operation. By measuring and evaluating energy usage, the expected outcome is to provide
insights into the energy requirements of the treadmill bicycle and identify potential areas
for improvement in terms of energy efficiency.

3.4 LOAD AND PERFORMANCE TESTING

The project includes conducting load and performance tests on the treadmill bicycle to
assess its durability, stability, and overall performance. The expected outcome is to
validate the design's structural integrity, ensure safe operation, and optimize the
performance of the treadmill bicycle under various conditions.

3.5 MECHANICAL STRESS AND FATIGUE ANALYSIS

The project includes testing the treadmill bicycle for mechanical stress and fatigue. By
subjecting the prototype to rigorous testing, the expected outcome is to identify potential

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weaknesses or areas of improvement in the design to ensure its long-term durability and
reliability.

3.6 ADVANCEMENTS IN SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION

The project's expected outcome is to contribute to the development of sustainable
transportation solutions by promoting human-powered transportation devices. The
treadmill bicycle's dual-purpose functionality for exercise and commuting aligns with the
objectives of promoting active and eco-friendly lifestyles.

3.7 KNOWLEDGE EXPANSION IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

The project's outcomes will contribute to the understanding of mechanical systems,
optimization, and user experience in the field of mechanical engineering. The expected
outcome is to generate valuable insights that can be applied in future design and
application of human-powered transportation devices, fostering innovation and
sustainable engineering practices.

By achieving these expected outcomes, the project will demonstrate the feasibility and
potential of the treadmill bicycle as a practical and sustainable solution for transportation
and exercise, paving the way for further advancements in this field.

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 4. BUDGET STRUCTURE

Rough Estimation of Budget for Treadmill Bicycle Project:

Design and Integration:

Solidwork Software and Tools: ….

Design Consultation: $1,000
Materials for Prototype: $2,000
Fabrication and Manufacturing Costs: $3,000
Power Transfer Efficiency Analysis:

Measurement Instruments: $1,500

Data Acquisition System: $1,000
Testing Equipment: $2,000
Energy Consumption Analysis:

Energy Monitoring Devices: $1,000

Data Logging and Analysis Tools: $500
Load and Performance Testing:

Load Testing Equipment: $2,500

Performance Measurement Tools: $1,500
Ergonomics and User Experience Evaluation:

User Surveys and Feedback Collection: $500

Ergonomic Analysis Tools: $1,000

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Mechanical Stress and Fatigue Analysis:

Stress Testing Equipment: $2,000

Fatigue Analysis Software: $1,500
Miscellaneous:

Safety Equipment: $1,000

Contingency Fund: $2,000
Total Estimated Budget: $24,500

Please note that this is a rough estimation and the actual budget may vary depending on
factors such as the specific requirements, availability of resources, and the scale of the
project. It is essential to conduct a detailed budget analysis and consider additional
expenses that may arise during the project's execution.

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 5. WORKING SCHEDULE

Rough Working Schedule for Treadmill Bicycle Project:

Design and Integration:

Week 1-2: Research on existing designs and concepts

Week 3-4: Conceptualization and sketching of the design
Week 5-6: CAD modeling and virtual prototyping
Week 7-8: Design refinement and finalization
Week 9-10: Fabrication and assembly of the prototype
Power Transfer Efficiency Analysis:

Week 11-12: Selection and setup of measurement instruments

Week 13-14: Conducting power transfer efficiency tests
Week 15-16: Data collection and analysis
Week 17: Report preparation and documentation
Energy Consumption Analysis:

Week 18-19: Installation of energy monitoring devices

Week 20-21: Data logging and measurement of energy consumption
Week 22: Data analysis and interpretation
Week 23: Report preparation and documentation
Load and Performance Testing:

Week 24-25: Setup and calibration of load testing equipment

Week 26-27: Conducting load testing under different conditions

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Week 28: Performance measurement and data collection
Week 29: Report preparation and documentation
Ergonomics and User Experience Evaluation:

Week 30-31: Development of user surveys and feedback forms

Week 32-34: User testing and feedback collection
Week 35: Analysis of user feedback and ergonomics assessment
Week 36: Report preparation and documentation
Mechanical Stress and Fatigue Analysis:

Week 37-38: Setup and calibration of stress testing equipment

Week 39-40: Conducting stress and fatigue tests
Week 41: Data collection and analysis
Week 42: Report preparation and documentation
Finalization and Conclusion:

Week 43-44: Compilation of all findings and results

Week 45-46: Final report writing and documentation
Week 47: Project presentation and demonstration
Week 48: Project evaluation and conclusion
Please note that this is a rough working schedule and the actual timeline may vary
depending on factors such as the complexity of the project, availability of resources, and
potential challenges encountered along the way. It is important to regularly review and
adjust the schedule as needed to ensure timely completion of the project.

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REFERENCES

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