Year 9/chemistry/Precipitation reactions/2023

EXPERIMENT SOLUBILITY RULES

Follow the instructions carefully. It is your responsibility to work safely.

Record all your observations in the table on page 2

REQUIREMENTS
5 test tubes
Test tube rack

Pen/Texta for labelling test tubes SAFETY
Following solutions with concentration of 0.1 molL-1 :
Barium nitrate (toxic) (solution A) You must wear eye protection
Iron (II) sulfate (solution B) during the experiment
Iron (III) sulfate (solution C)
Copper (II) sulfate (toxic) (solution D) You must complete your
Silver nitrate (stains) (solution E) experiment on a bench protector
Access to the following chemicals:
 0.1 molL-1 sodium chloride solution You must wash your hands at
 1 molL-1 sodium hydroxide solution (corrosive) the end of the experiment
 1 molL-1 sulfuric acid solution (corrosive)
 1 molL-1 sodium carbonate solution

METHOD

Start with labelling clean dry test tubes.

You must record all your observations in the space provided on pages 2-7.

Test 1
Add about 15 drops of each of the solutions labelled A - E into separate test tubes.
Add a 10 drops of sodium chloride solution to each tube.

Test 2
Rinse out the test tubes.
Add about 15 drops of each of the solutions labelled A - E into the test tubes.
Add 10 drops of sodium hydroxide solution to each test tube

Test 3
Rinse out the test tubes.
Add about 15 drops of each of the solutions labelled A - E into the test tubes.
Add about 10 drops of sulphuric acid to each test tube.

Test 4
Rinse out the test tubes.
Add about 15 drops of each of the solutions labelled A - E into the test tubes.
Add about t 10 drops of sodium carbonate to each test tube.

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RESULTS

Test 1

(a) Complete the table by writing observations for Test 1 when sodium chloride solution
is added to solutions A-E.

Solution Observations
A Clear liquid -> clear liquid
Barium nitrate -> white opaque liquid

B Clear liquid -> very slightly opaque

Iron (II) sulfate ->murky opaque blue liquid
C Transparent yellow liquid -> pale transparent yellow liquid
Iron (III) ->marbly orange and red liquid, mixed to a
sulfate crimson colour after mix. Opaque.
D Transparent blue liquid -> transparent blue liquid
Copper (II) ->blue semi- opaque marbly liquid, mixed to a rich
sulfate blue colour.
E Clear liquid -> milky liquid
Silver nitrate ->dirty brown speckled opaque liquid. Settled to a brown
precipitate in almost clear liquid.

(b) Write the word equation for the reaction of silver nitrate and sodium chloride solution.

(c) Write the balanced formula equation for the reaction of silver nitrate and sodium
chloride solution. Include state symbols.

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(d) Name the precipitate formed in the abovementioned reaction.

Test 2

(a) Complete the table by writing observations for Test 2 when sodium hydroxide solution
is added to solutions A-E.

Solution Observations
A
Barium nitrate

B
Iron (II) sulfate

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C
Iron (III)
sulfate

D
Copper (II)
sulfate

E
Silver nitrate

(b) Write the word equation for the reaction of iron (II) sulfate and sodium hydroxide
solution.

(c) Write the balanced formula equation for the reaction of iron (II) sulfate and sodium
hydroxide solution. Include state symbols.

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(d) Write the word equation for the reaction of copper (II) sulfate and sodium hydroxide
solution.

(e) Write the balanced formula equation for the reaction of copper (II) sulfate and sodium
hydroxide solution. Include state symbols.

Test 3

Complete the table by writing observations for Test 3 when sulfuric acid solution is added to
solutions A-E.

Solution Observations
A
Barium nitrate

B
Iron (II) sulfate

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C
Iron (III)
sulfate

D
Copper (II)
sulfate

E
Silver nitrate

Test 4

Complete the table by writing observations for Test 4 when sodium carbonate solution is
added to solutions A-E.

Solution Observations
A
Barium nitrate

B
Iron (II) sulfate

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C
Iron (III)
sulfate

D
Copper (II)
sulfate

E
Silver nitrate

Processing of results.

Write the balanced formula equations for the reactions that occurred in Test 3 and Test 4.
Include state symbols.

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QUESTIONS

1. Research and comment about the solubility of metal nitrates.

2. Research and comment about the solubility of group 1 salts.

3. What are kidney stones and why do they form?

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Questions on solubility rules

Use the solubility rules in the Data Booklet to help you answer these questions.

(a) Complete the table below to indicate the solubility of each compound.

Compound Soluble or insoluble?

soluble
NaBr

soluble
K2CO3

insoluble
AgI

insoluble
MgCO3

soluble
Ca(NO3)2

Cr(OH)3